NORFATIMAH D.

LAWI | BEED-1F | September 11, 2023

THE OFFICIAL SEAL OF LIPA
KLL-1 - ASSIGNMENT #1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Official Seal of Lipa

2. Dahon ng Lipa a. Legend, b. Botany, c. Uses
3. LipeñoHymn
4. Lipa Then and Now
5. Lipeño Leaders The Legacy continues
6. Liberation Day of Lipa
7. Pre-war streets name of Lipa
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Since the time “Villa de Lipa” became a city, the official seal of the City remained basically the same
including figures, inscriptions and colors except the words “Villa de Lipa” which had been changed to the
“City of Lipa” appropriate to the times and the “Escudo” to “Official Seal”. Within the sphere is a rectangle
divided into three (3) parts. The upper portion has two (2) parts of equal size and the lower portion,
which make up one dominant rectangle.

The upper left rectangle with a white hue representing purity, has the combined figures of a cross, heart
and an anchor. These represent three (3) virtues namely: Anchor for Esperanza (Hope), the cross for Fe
(Faith) and the Heart for Caridad (Charity).

The lower rectangle colored sky blue representing hope has figures of a farmer and a carabao. The
farmer and carabao stand for agriculture. A figure mother nursing her child is seen under a tree.

The lower rectangle which dominates the seal characterizes the chief source of livelihood of the
residents which is agriculture. The industriousness of the Lipeños can also be gleaned from the
inscription “Trabajo”, while the strong religious trait of the Lipeños is shown in the inscription “Virtud” and
DAHON NG LIPA
the figures of the three (3) virtues impressed thereon.
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Dendrocnide meyeniana

"There are several anecdotes on how the place came to be known as Lipa. Some said that a tree
of hard wood known as "Lipa" was said to thrive in the area. Others claimed that there was a Malayan
boat called "Lipa" during those times. Another claim is that the statue of San Sebastian was carved from
"Lipa' wood. Another legend has it that the Saint's image disappeared from the church one day and the
resi- dents found it nestled on a "Lipa" tree located up north their village.
A. LEGEND B. BOTANY C. USES

-Urticaceae species -Contact with the leaves causes -The pounded roots or leaves are
Dendrocnide meyeniana, known breaking of the tips of the hairs and applied externally to treat scrofula
for the stinging Trichomes on may lead to immediate and intense [310].
its twigs. skin irritation.
-A decoction of the dried or
-Dendrocnide meyeniana is a -The official Chinese name of powdered leaves is used to stop
deciduous shrub or small tree Dendrocnide meyeniana is 咬 人 狗 bleeding, including nosebleeds
growing 5 - 7 meters tall [310]. (yǎo rén gǒu, biting-people-dog) [3] [360].
[4] because the stinging hairs on the
-It is referred to as the lipa tree -Lipa tree. Dendrocnide meyeniana
("puno ng lipa" in Tagalog) or is a species of tree in the family

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The Lipeño Hymn

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O Bayan Kong minamahal,

ganda mo'y pambihira Since the time "Villa de Lipa" became a city, the
Sa yo'ng kariktan official seal of the City remained basically the same
including figures, inscriptions and colors except the
hirap sakit ay napaparam words "Villa de Lipa" which had been changed to the
"City of Lipa" appropriate to the times and the
"Escudo" to "Official Seal".
Sa piling mo bayang sinta Within the sphere is a rectangle divided into three
Lipeño handang ialay (3) parts. The upper portion has two (2) parts of
equal size and the lower portion, which make up one
yaring puso at buhay man dominant rectangle. The upper right rectangle
colored red symbolizes bravery and has a figure of a
ng dahil lamang sa'yong dangal hammer and anvil, which stand for industry. The
upper left rectangle with a white hue representing
purity, has the combined figures of a cross, heart and
Lipeño magsama-sama an anchor. These represent three (3) virtues namely:
Anchor for Esperanza (Hope), the cross for Fe
damdamin ating pag isahin (Faith) and the Heart for Caridad (Charity). The lower
rectangle colored sky blue representing hope has
Dakilang layunin natin
figures of a farmer and a carabao. The farmer and
ay malugod na bigkis-bigkisin carabao stand for agriculture. A figure mother
nursing her child is seen under a tree.

The lower rectangle which dominates the seal

Lipeño tayo'y magdiwang characterizes the chief source of livelihood of the
residents which is agriculture. The industriousness of
iwaksi ang kalungkutan
the Lipeños can also be gleaned from the inscription
ialay dugo at buhay man "Trabajo", while the strong religious trait of the
Lipeños is shown in the inscription "Virtud" and the
kung iyan ang kailanga niya figures of the three (3) virtues impressed thereon.

The Official Seal of Lipa is a living symbol of what

Mr. Antonio Dimaano the City is and what its residents are. It is a proof of
the City's personality which every Lipeño can be
LIPEÑO HYMN COMPOSER proud of.

LIPA THEN AND NOW

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Lipa City History

THEN,

“The Favored City that is Lipa”

The wonderful, almost epical saga of a people in search of a permanent

settlement where they could live secure and peaceful lives began in the
panoramic lake shores that surround the stunningly beautiful yet dangerous Taal
Volcano.

Tradition has it that the early settlements of Tagbakin in the southeastern region
of Bombon Lake were inhabited by the war-like descendants of the two Bornean
Datus Dumangsil and Balkasusa. From these pre-colonial settlements evolved
the ancestry of Lipa. It is said that the early Lipeños were Buddhist in religion
and Indian in civilization while influences coming from other races also became
inevitable due to the not so infrequent contacts with traders and merchants
coming from China. With the Spanish conquest of the region, the Lipeños were
also forced to embrace the Hispanic Christian culture of the West. This is the
reason why they say that in Lipa, “the East also meets the West.”

In 1570, the Spaniards under the leadership of Martin de Goiti began to colonize
the areas surrounding Lake Bombon and in 1605, Bombon was made an
encomienda which was awarded to Marshal Gabriel de Rivera. The Augustinian
missionaries established a mission center in Tagbakin which they named San
Sebastian, in honor of the Christian martyr. In 1702, the settlement was made a
regular municipality and in 1716, a regular parish with Fray Diego de Alday as
curate.
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The Coffee Boom

The cultivation of coffee was introduced during the term of office of Don Galo de
los Reyes as Gobernadorcillo of Lipa. An Augustinian missionary brought the
seeds of the Liberica species from Mexico. The coffee industry flourished and
made Lipa the richest municipality in the entire archipelago. Annual municipal
income surged to a high of Php 4,000,000 that prompted Queen Regent Maria
Cristina of Spain, acting for the young King Alfonso XIII, to elevate Lipa into a
villa on October 21, 1887. In the same year, on December 13, Villa de Lipa was
authorized to use a coat-of-arms by Don Victor Balaguer, the Royal Overseas
Minister. During the celebration of Lipa’s elevation into a villa in January 1888,
the national hero Jose Rizal was invited to grace the occasion but he responded
only with his Hymno Al Trabajo which he dedicated to the zeal and industry of the
Lipeños.

For about six months, around 1886 – 1888, Lipa was the world’s sole supplier of
coffee beans. This was a period of grandeur and extravagance for Lipa. Its
society was unrivaled in terms of wealth, prestige and culture. The richest in the
Philippines, Lipa had mansions which were furnished with the best from Europe
and the children of wealthy landowners were sent to Manila and even toEurope
for their studies. Social functions and gatherings were held frequently in the halls
of the numerous palatial houses in the villa. Villa de Lipa became famous for her
feasts, parties and merry-makings. But despite the ostentatious lifestyle and the
high-society living of the people in the villa, the Lipeños were still described as
“diligent, sympathetic, helpful, respectful, generous, God-fearing, understanding,
hospitable, cheerful and strong-willed.” Lipa’s economic boom may be attributed
to a virus that had attacked the coffee plantations in Europe, then those in South
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America and in Java making Lipa the sole supplier of coffee beans in the world.
But the same virus soon reached Lipa. This ended Lipa’s short but fabulous
period of fantastic extravagance and luxurious living.

Rising from the Rubble

The once proud and majestic Lipa was completely humbled by the Second World
War. The war has caused severe and irreparable damage to life and property
and has left the town in a state of dismal disrepair. Lipa’s roads and bridges were
heavily damaged and the public buildings were completely wiped-out. The
palatial houses reminiscent of her “golden era” were leveled to the ground. The
city was literally reduced to rubble. The “grandeur that was Lipa” will now just
become fragments of memories committed to the hearts and minds of the once
proud and illustrious Lipeños. The parish church was not spared, but it has
remained standing, still towering and majestic in her “baroque – rococo”
architectural design that seemed to remind the people that they should turn to
God for refuge and solace in the face of this adversity and severest trial. It is said
that Lipa was most devastated, second only to Manila in terms of civilian
casualties and infrastructure and other war damages.

Lipa, which once hit the limelight for the extravagant and ostentatious lifestyle of
her people during the coffee era, once again caught the attention of the world,
this time, for being one of the most devastated cities in the Far East.

But the catastrophe did not prevent the Lipeños from rising up to start anew. A
period of reconstruction ensued and after a while, the town was on the road to
recovery.
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Lipa was made a chartered city on June 20, 1947.

Miracle City

Dr. Francisco Villanueva, in his book “The Wonders of Lipa” had the following
observations: “The first time that the Blessed Virgin had ever appeared in the
Far East was in that place of the Philippines called Lipa City. This is a very
special and great privilege granted by God and His Holy Mother to the Filipino
people.”

It was in 1948, when Our Lady with the title, “Mary Mediatrix of All Grace,”
allegedly appeared to Teresita Castillo, a postulant in a small Carmelite
Monastery in Antipolo del Norte in Lipa City. Amazing stories of miraculous
healings and spiritual conversions associated with the alleged apparitions of the
Blessed Virgin and the subsequent shower of rose petals witnessed by
thousands of devotees were reported, which according to Dr. Villanueva lasted
for seven months.

For fifteen consecutive days, Our Lady appeared to the visionary Teresing, giving
her messages. The Lady requested the nuns to consecrate themselves to her in
the spirit of St. Louis Grignon de Montfort. They were also asked to pray for
priests and the Blessed Mother told the visionary that what she asks in Lipa is
exactly what she has asked in Fatima. Bishop Alfredo Verzosa, local ordinary of
Lipa and his auxiliary, Bishop Alfredo Maria Obviar, personally believed in the
authenticity of the apparitions but in 1951, an investigative commission created
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by the Philippine Episcopal Hierarchy declared the absence of any supernatural

intervention in the reported extraordinary events including the shower of rose
petals and subsequently issued a quite unfavorable pronouncement on the
apparitions.

Lipa Petal with Image of Our Lady

The apparitions, which captured the attention not only of the Philippines, but the
rest of the world, were soon forgotten. The image of “Our Lady Mediatrix of All
Grace” was later ordered withdrawn from public veneration. The Lady of Lipa
and her message to the people were soon lost in oblivion. For 48 years, the
beautiful saga of the Lady of Lipa remained waiting to be told.

On July 16, 1992, the petition of thousands of devotees whose lives were
touched by the apparitions provided an impetus for the revival of the cult of Our
Lady of Lipa. Then Archbishop Mariano Gaviola, who also personally believed
the authenticity of the apparitions, re-authorized the public veneration of the
image of “Our Lady Mary Mediatrix of All Grace.” The wonderful story of our
Lady’s visit to Lipa can now be told again.

17 years later, on November 12, 2009, Lipa Archbishop Ramon Arguelles issued
a decree that officially reversed the 1951 ban on the public veneration of the
image of Our Lady Mary Mediatrix of All Grace. The decree, which is in
pursuance to the instructions and conditions set by his predecessor, the Most
Reverend Mariano Gaviola, also mandated for the creation of a new commission
that will review the documents pertaining to the so-called apparitions of 1948 and
will gather further documents thereafter up to the present. This act of the
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Archbishop, in support of the cause of Mary, is yet another significant milestone

towards a probable Church recognition of the authenticity of the apparitions.

NOW,

AS ONE OF THE PROGRESSIVE CITIES, LIPA CITY WAS HAILED, FOR THE THIRD
TIME, AS ONE OF THE “NEXT WAVE CITIES” IN THE COUNTRY.

Lipa City is a fast emerging key city in the country, becoming a major administrative,
medical, commercial, financial, agro-industrial and residential center. The Department of
Science and Technology-Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-
ICTO) and the Information Technology and Business Process Association of the
Philippines (IBPAP) hailed Lipa City as one of the “next wave cities” specifically for
Business Processing Outsourcing sector.The City of Lipa was once known as the coffee
center of the world. Currently, it is also known to be the “Little Rome of the Philippines”
being home to several Catholic churches, convents, seminaries, Catholic schools, and
retreat houses. Lipa City is approximately an hour and a half drive, southward from
Manila. It has a total land area of 20,940 hectares and is bounded by the municipality of
Sto. Tomas in the northeast, San Pablo City and the municipality of San Antonio Quezon
in the east, the municipalities of Padre Garcia and Rosario in the southwest, and the
municipalities of Balete and Malvar in the northwest.

CLIMATE

Like the rest of the Philippines, Lipa City has only two seasons: wet and dry. Because
the city is 312 meters above sea level, the tropical climate is tempered all year round by
cooler temperatures than many parts of the country.

TRANSPORTATION

Public transportation to and from the school and different points within the city of Lipa
come in the form of jeepneys and tricycles, or threewheeled cabs, to nearby
destinations.Commuters to neighboring cities and municipalities have the option of
taking buses which ply the Manila-Batangas City and ManilaLemery routes. The city’s
Grand Terminal is located at SM City Lipa, only five (5) minutes drive from the school.

HOSPITALS
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The large and modern Mary Mediatrix Center and the Lipa Medix Medical Center are the
two of the nearest hospitals. There are more hospitals in the city proper as well as clinics
owned by private physicians.

BANKS

More than 50 international, and locally owned banks, have branches in Lipa City, many
of which have money transfer facilities and automated teller machines. Automated Teller
Machines catering to card holders of Cyrus, Megalink, Bancnet and Expressnet are
available in the campus.

PEACE AND ORDER

The city of Lipa has one of the best peace and order scenarios in the country. The city
gets protection from the Philippine National Police (PNP), which has its headquarters
close by, and a police sub-station which is adjacent to the school.

LODGING

Many commercial lodging establishments are situated close to the school and these
make bedspace rooms and apartments available to students at reasonable prices.

DINING

Popular fast food chains like Jollibee, McDonald’s, KFC, Greenwich, Chowking, and
many others have stores in the business district area and are walking distance from the
school. Food courts are also available at Robinson’s Place Mall and at SM City Lipa.
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LIPEÑO LEADERS THE LEGACY

CONTINUES
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LIBERATION DAY OF LIPA

MARCH 29 is Lipa's LIBERATION DAY!!! I have been lobbying about this, from time to
time, since the first term of Mayor Vilma Santos till the term/s of present day Mayor
Meynard Sabili through their respective City Councils. Nothing's been done till now!!!

PROCLAMATION NO. 653

DIRECTING THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS CONCERNED TO

COMMEMORATE ANNUALLY THE ANNIVERSARIES OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

RELATED TO THE LIBERATION OF THE PHILIPPINS DURING WORLD WAR II

WHEREAS, the country successfully commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of World

War II events leading to the liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese Occupation
Forces from 20 October 1944 to 9 September 1945;

WHEREAS, such commemoration appropriately called attention to the heroism and

gallantry of Filipino War veterans who carried on the armed struggle against the enemy
during those dark days, as well as the spirit of sacrifice of Filipino civilians who bore their
sufferings with dignity and equanimity;

WHEREAS, the commemoration served to awaken in the people, particularly the youth,
a renewed consciousness of the eternal values of democracy, freedom, peace, and love
of country;

WHEREAS, these World War II events should be continuously observed to honor our
war veterans as well as to instill in the peoples' hearts and minds the desire to preserved
our freedom and our way of life;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the

powers vested in me by law, do hereby order the annual observance of the World War II
events listed below and designate the Local Government Units concerned to undertake
fitting commemorative rites and activities:
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1. Leyte Gulf Landings - 17-20 October

2. Landing in Mindoro Island - 15-16 December

3. Lingayes Gulf Landing - 7-9 January

4. Retaking of Clark Air Field - 28 January

5. Landing in San Narciso, Zambales - 29 January

6. Liberation of the POW Camp Cabanatuan City - 30 January

7. Liberation of Olongapo City - 30 January

8. Landing in Nasugbu, Batangas - 31 January

9. Liberaton of Tagaytay, Cavite - 3 February

10. Liberation of Manila - 3 February - 3 March

11. Liberation of San Jose, Nueva Ecija (Gateway to Cagayan Valley) - 4 February

12. Landing in Mariveles, Bataan - 15 February

13. Retaking of Nicho's Air Field and Fort William Mckinley, Rizal - 15 - 16 February

14. Retaking of Corregidor Island - 16 February

15. Liberation of Pasig - 19 February

16. Liberation of Los Banos, Laguna - 23 February

17. Landing in Puerto Princesa, Palawang - 28 February

18. Liberation of Sta. Cruz, Laguna - 5 March

19. Landing in Zamboanga City - 10-11 March

20. Liberation of Panay and Romblon - 18 March

21. Liberation of Bauang, La Union - 19 March

22. Landing in Talisay, Cebu - 26 March

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23. Landing in Negros Island - 29 March

24. Liberation of Lipa City - 29 March

25. Landing in Masbate Island - 29 March

26. Landing in Legaspi City - 1 April

27. Landing in Jolo Island - 9 April

28. Landing in Cotabato and Liberation of Pikit and Parang - 17-20 April

29. Liberation of Dumaguete City - 26 April

30. Liberation of Baguio City - 27 April

31. Liberation of Digos, Davao - 28 April

32. Liberation of Davao City - 3 May

33. Battle of Balete Pass - 10-13 May

34. Battle of Bessang Pass - 12 May - 14 June

35. Battle of Malepunyo - 14 May

36. Battle of Ipo Dam - 17-19 May

37. Liberation of Malaybalay, Bukidnon - 20 May

38. Liberation of Iligan, Isabela - 18 June

39. Liberation of Tuguegarao, Cagayan - 25 June

40. Liberation of Aparri, Cagayan - 27 June

41. Surrender of General Yamashita Kiangan, Ifugao - 2 September

42. End of World War II in Baguio City - 3 September

43. Victory Day in Negros Island - 9 September

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
Republic of the Philippines to be affixed.

DONE in the City of Manila, this 18th day of September in the year of Our Lord,
Nineteen Hundred and Ninety-Five.

By the President

RUBEN D. TORRES

Executive Secretary

Here's more....

XIV Corps of 158th RCT, 11th Airborne Division and 1st Cavalry Division campaign in
Batangas and nearby province.

As part of the Philippines Campaign (1944–45), the liberation begun on January 31,
1945 when elements of the 11th Airborne Division under the US Eighth Army went
ashore of the beaches of Nasugbu, Batangas.[5] However, Batangas was not yet the
target of the invasion force but instead, most of its units switch north to capture Manila
and by March 3, the capital was completely secured. XIV Corps of the US Sixth Army
continued its drive south of Luzon and by March 4, the 11th Airborne Division together
with 158th Regimental Combat Team (or 158th RCT) were passed under its command.
[6] 158th Regimental Combat Team stationed in Nasugbu would have to secure the
shores and nearby towns of Balayan and Batangas Bays while the 11th Airborne
Division from the Tagaytay Ridge would attack the Japanese defenses north of Taal
Lake and by then reaching the Lipa Corridor. The same that day, 158th RCT had
captured the town of Balayan and by March 11 had reached Batangas City.[7] In order to
secure the two bays, 158th RCT would have to capture the entire Calumpang Peninsula
of the town of Mabini which was still held by some elements of the Japanese 2nd
Surface Raiding Base Force. Fighting continued until March 16 when the whole
peninsula was finally captured.[8] After that, 158th RCT's turn northward to meet the
Japanese Fuji Force defenses at Mt. Maculot in Cuenca on March 19. Finally, 158th
Regimental Combat Team capitulated on March 23 for Bicol Operations and 187th
Infantry Task Force of the 11th Airborne Division was assigned to relieve their positions
in the mountain. Another 11th Airborne Division task force, the 188th Infantry was
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ordered to dispatch their troops around Batangas City and its remaining frontiers.[9] To
the northern section, 11th Airborne Division's 511 Parachute Infantry Regiment positions
in Santo Tomas and Tanauan City were all relieved by the 1st Cavalry Division.[10] By
now, 11th Airborne Division's 187th and 188th Infantry Task Forces holding the southern
sector and the 1st Infantry Division to the northern sector were on their way to secure
the Lipa Corridor, the last major part of the Province of Batangas to be taken.

Lipa City after being Liberated by the Allied Forces

The last major offensive for the capture of the Lipa Corridor begun when 188th Infantry
Task Force from Batangas City left for Lipa on March 24. [11] The same that day, 187th
Infantry Task Force launched an attack against the remaining Japanese positions in Mt.
Maculot. Although still heavy fighting continued until April 17, the bulk of its forces
headed also for the invasion of the Lipa Corridor. The final capture of Mt. Maculot came
by April 21.[12]

188th Infantry Task Force on the other hand engaged a stiff resistance against Fuji
Force's 86th Airfield Battalion on March 26. Meanwhile to the north, 1st Cavalry Division
attacked the remaining Japanese defenses in towns of Santo Tomas and Tanauan City
and by then meeting up with the advancing 187th and 188th Infantry Task Forces from
the south. [13] Lipa City was captured by the 1st Cavalry Division on March 29. Fuji
Force's 86th Airfield Battalion retreated and makes their last stand on Mt. Malepunyo
where they were besieged by the 187th Infantry Task Force and 1st Cavalry Division
from both north and south positions.

With the capture of Lipa, 1st Cavalry Division, 187th and 188th Infantry Task Forces
continued their drive towards the Quezon Province. Only some elements of the 188th
Infantry Task Force was left to clear the Batangas Mountains located southeast of
province from the remaining Japanese defenses. [14] Throughout the battle, recognized
Filipino Guerrilla fighters played an important key role in the advancement of the
combined American and Philippine Commonwealth troops, providing key roads and
information for the Japanese location of defenses and movements. The 11th Airborne
Division and attached Filipino Guerillas had 390 casualties in which 90 of it were figured
dead. The Japanese however lost 1,490 men. [15] Soon afterwards, by the end of April
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1945, Batangas was liberated and fully secured for the Allied control, thus ending all the
hostilities.

The establishment and founded of the military general headquarters and military camp
bases of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active and built on 1942 to 1946 and
the Philippine Constabulary was active and built on 1944 to 1946 in the province of
Batangas in Southern Luzon. During the engagements of the Anti-Japanese Imperial
Military Operations in Manila, Southern Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan from 1942 to 1945
included the City of Manila and the Provinces of Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas,
Mindoro and Palawan and aided the local soldiers of the Philippine Constabulary, local
guerrilla resistance and U.S. liberation military forces against the Japanese Imperial
armed forces.

Local Filipino soldiers of the 4th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 45th and 46th Infantry Division of the
Philippine Commonwealth Army and 4th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine
Constabulary was started the Battle for the Liberation of Batangas under the Southern
Luzon Campaign from the Allied and Japanese forces in January to August 1945 and
helping the local recognized guerrillas and American forces against the Japanese
Imperial forces and ended in World War II.

Also...don't forget the Pamintahan Massacre.

...thousands were killed !!!

Most of those who survived World War II will not forget not just the destruction it brought
about but most of all the atrocities committed by the Japanese.

Just to give an idea, here is a portion I lifted from a site in the internet referring to these
atrocities (link is also provided below).

http://www.angelfire.com/.../atrocities/atrocities02.html

Jap Atrocity Killings Were Battle Orders

MANILA, P.I. (AP) — APR. 2, 1945 — Captured Japanese documents bearing dates
between last Dec. 23 and Feb. 14 strongly suggested today that wholesale atrocities on
civilians in Manila were the result of orders issued to the Nipponese garrison.
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The atrocities were not, the reports indicated, the work of isolated groups of Japanese
who took matters into their own hands, although at the time a good many of them so
appeared.

Included in the documentary reports of Japanese slaughter of helpless civilians in the

downtown battlefield were Nipponese documents and orders captured by soldiers of the
U.S. Army’s 14th Corps, some of them mimeographed and bound.

Death Order Found

One Japanese message book contained the following order issued to the Kobayashi
group, then inside the walled Intramuros, on Feb. 13:

“All people on the battlefield with the exception of Japanese military personnel,
Japanese civilians and special construction units will be put to death.”

The following is a paragraph from a Japanese battalion order dated Feb. 8, captured in
the Intramuros by 14th Corps soldier:

“When Filipinos are to be killed, they must be gathered into one place and be disposed
of with the consideration that ammunition and manpower must not be used to excess.
Because the disposal of dead bodies is a troublesome task, they should be gathered into
houses which are scheduled to be burned or demolished. They should also be thrown
into the river.”

A diary, presumably belonging to a member of the Akatsuki force in Manila and captured
by the 14th Corp, contained the following items:

Feb. 8—Guarded 1,164 guerrillas newly brought in today.

Feb. 9—Burned 1,000 guerrillas to death tonight.

Feb. 13—150 guerrillas were disposed of tonight. I personally stabbed and killed 10.

The pattern of atrocities as described in the affidavit reports is so similar as to indicate

strongly they were by general order to all Japanese troops.

Many Are Starved

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Some of the cases rival the most brutal of (...illegible) and tortures. Perhaps the most
horrible is contained in the report of atrocities at Fort Santiago, inside the Intramuros,
sworn to by Col. J.D. Frederick, commander of the 129th Infantry of the 37th Division.

Probing in the rubble of the destroyed fort, Frederick and his men found a dungeon-like
room partially below the ground whose only exits were sealed by two seven foot steel
doors bolted from the outside.

Inside, they found the decomposing bodies sprawled around were oriental civilians. The
only window in the five-foot thick walls was partly sealed.

Frederick thinks most of the victims starved to death, but that some of them suffocated.
Thirty bodies were sprawled around the steel doors. They died trying to force the doors.

Throughout the Intramuros Frederick and his men found smaller piles of corpses, of both
sexes, many with their hands bound and wearing bayonet wounds.

By their own account in a book entitled "Unforgettable Voices ("Accounts of war

victims")", published (February 2012) by "Bridge for Peace", a Tokyo-based group of
post-war generation japanese, "12,000 civilians were killed" in Lipa.

Different barangays in Lipa suffered under the hands of the Japanese...70 were killed in
Barangay Pangao and were dropped into two wells; practically all of the male population
of Barangay Anilao were wiped out; 80 plus in Barangay Lumbang; and hundreds (if not
thousands more) in the famous Pamintahan massacre.

Some senior citizens, through their oral accounts, said that the japanese made an
announcement that passes are to be issued on a said date and place. A lot of male
heads of families went in their Sunday best to avail of the passes. In batches, those who
showed up were brought to this area, behind present-day Carmel church, massacred
and were thrown down into the Pamintahan river. Not a single shot was fired, not just to
save on ammunition, as ordered, but also so as not to alarm the rest as to what is going
on. Only bayonets and samurais were used to accomplish what was ordered them to do.

So many lost a father, an uncle, a husband, a boyfriend, a neighbor, etc. etc.

22 | P a g e

PRE-WAR STREETS NAME OF LIPA

The plan and the old street names of Lipa Población, 1944, Courtesy of the American
Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection, The principal streets of Lipa were
named after prominent Lipeños, Philippine heroes, and the commemorative events that
took place in Lipa during the Revolution of 1898.
23 | P a g e

#130 Daisy st, Catalina Village National Road, Lipa City, Philippines

#130 Daisy Street, Catalina Village National Road, Lipa City, Philippines281

Pres. J.P. Laurel Highway, Lipa City, Philippines399

Pres. J.P. Laurel Highway, Lipa City, Philippines

A.Mabini Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Ayala Highway, Lipa City, Philippines

Barangay Talisay, Lipa City, Philippines

C.M. Recto Avenue, Lipa City, Philippines

De Julio Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Fernando Air Base, Lipa City, Philippines

G Solis Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Gatpolintan Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Gen. Luna Street, Lipa City 4217, Philippines

JAM bus terminal, Lipa City, Philippines

JP Laurel Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Kalipulako Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Katipunan Road, Lipa City, Philippines

L Katigbak Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Lipa Bus Stop, Lipa City, Philippines

Lipa City Bus Station, Lipa City, Philippines

Lipa City, PhilippinesLipa

Royale Avenue, Lipa City 4217, Philippines

Lipa, Lipa City, Philippines

Malabanan Street, Lipa City, Philippines

MALARAYAT AVE, Lipa City, Philippines

24 | P a g e

Mary Mediatrix, Lipa City, Philippines

MK Lina Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Morada Avenue, Lipa City, Philippines

National Road, Lipa City, Philippines

P. Torres Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Pinagkawitan, Lipa City, Philippines

sPres. J.P. Laurel Highway, Lipa City, Philippines

R. Soliman St., Lipa City, Philippines

Reyes Street, Lipa City 4217, Philippines

Rizal Street, Lipa City, Philippines

Santo Tomas-Lipa Road, Lipa City, Philippines

Southern Tagalog Arterial Road, Lipa City, Philippines

Ayala Highway, Lipa, Philippines

Balete Road, Lipa, Philippines

Brgy. Galamay-Amo (Sitio Alagao) Road, Lipa, Philippines

Brgy. Talisay, Lipa, Philippines

C.M. Recto Avenue, Lipa, Philippines

De Julio Street, Lipa, Philippines

G Solis Street, Lipa, Philippines

G. Reyes Street, Lipa 4217, Philippines

Gatpolintan Street, Lipa, Philippines

Gen. Luna Street, Lipa 4217, Philippines

J.M. Kalaw Street, Lipa, Philippines

JP Laurel Street, Lipa, Philippines

Kalipulako Street, Lipa, Philippines

25 | P a g e

Kap. S. Cruz Street, Lipa, Philippines

Katipunan Road, Lipa, Batangas, Philippines

Katipunan Road, Lipa, Philippines

L Katigbak Street, Lipa, Philippines

Lipa-Ibaan Road, Lipa, Philippines

sMK Lina Street, Lipa, Philippines

Morada Avenue, Lipa, Philippines

MP Casanova St, Lipa, Batangas, Philippines

National Road, Lipa, Philippines

Oblates of Saint Joseph College Seminary Drive, Lipa, Philippines

P. Torres Street, Lipa, Philippines

Pres. J.P. Laurel Highway, Lipa, Batangas, Philippines

Pres. J.P. Laurel Highway, Lipa, Philippines

Pusil Road, Lipa, Philippines

Santo Tomas-Lipa Road, Lipa, Philippines

Southern Tagalog Arterial Road, Lipa, Philippines

Tangob Purok Number 6 Road, Lipa, Philippines

Unnamed Road, Lipa, Batangas, Philippines

Unnamed Road, Lipa, PhilippinesV. Templo St., Lipa, Philippines