10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module :
Week 1 – Week 5

nPr

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module: Week 1 – Week 5
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Helen M. Tan, Noel V. Potenciano, Romano F. Palisoc, Jr., Famela D. Torio,
Maria Salome D. Duque, Sakina M. Arindig, Emaruth A. Estabillo, April Mhey S.
Azucena, John B. Galero, Christie Ann Juliet Mallo, Phoebe B. Padua, Sheree
Lee F. Descatiar
Editor: Gina L. Aguitez
Reviewer: Helen M. Tan
Illustrator: Emaruth A. Estabillo
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Dr. Joel T. Torrecampo, CESO VI, SDS
Mr. Juan C. Obierna, CID Chief, OIC ASDS
Dr. Gina L. Aguitez, EPS Mathematics
Mrs. Jennifer L. Tubello, EPS LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Office Address: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________
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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module :
Week 1 – Week 5
(Combinatorics)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

3
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module. Furthermore, this
also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use separate sheets in answering
the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)

For the learner:

(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure of
working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview of the
content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some parts of the
module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they are defined and
explained in this portion.)

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 What I Need to Know

CONTENT STANDARDS: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts

of combinatorics.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: The learner is able to formulate and solve

problems involving combinatorics in different disciplines through appropriate and
accurate representations.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP)
• Lesson 2 – Permutation
• Lesson 3 – Combination
• Lesson 4 – Differentiating Word Problems on Permutation & Combination

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Evaluate factorial notation.
• Illustrate and use Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP) to visualize
possible number of arrangements.
• Illustrate and solve problems involving permutation without repetition.
• Illustrate and solve problems involving permutation with repetition.
• Illustrate and solve problems on circular permutation.
• Illustrate and solve problems involving permutation with restrictions.
• Illustrate and solve simple problems involving combination of objects.
• Illustrate and solve problems involving combination of object with
conditions.
• Differentiate permutation and combination problems then solve.

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 Lesson 1 Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP)
Week 1- Day 1:
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Evaluate 6!
A. 360 B. 540 C. 72 D. 720
2. What is the value of 5! + 4!?
A. 108 B. 144 C. 500 D. 288
3. Find the value of 8! – 5!
A. 40200 B. 4200 C. 42200 D. 42022
4!3!
4. What is the value of =
0!
A. 125 B. 500 C. 144 D. 252
9!
5. Evaluate:
4!5!
A. 96 B. 126 C. 200 D. 320
What’s In
The Factorial Notation
It refers to the notation used to write the product of a series of consecutive
integers. If n is a positive integer, n factorial denoted by n! is a product of all positive
integers less than or equal to n. It is defined by:
n! = n (n – 1) (n – 2) … (3)(2)(1)
As a special case, 0! = 1.
Two Ways to Write the Factorial Formula:
1st Way: n! = n x (n – 1) x (n – 2) x … x 3 x 2 x 1 -Multiply together the
descending whole numbers
from n until 1.
2nd Way: n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x … x n -Multiply together the
Ascending whole numbers
from 1 to n.
* In every factorial, there exists every smaller factorial.
6! = 6 x 5! 9! = 9 x 8 x 7!

What’s New
7! = 7 x 6 x 5 x 4! 10! = 10 x 9 x 8!
Example 1: Evaluate the following factorial expressions:
a) 5! + 3! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 + 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 + 6 = 126
b) 7! – 4! = 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 – 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 5040 – 24 = 5016
Example 2. Simplify:
(9−4)! 5! 5𝑥4𝑥3𝑥2𝑥1
a) = = = 60
3! 3! 3𝑥2𝑥1
10! 10𝑥9𝑥8𝑥7𝑥6! 10𝑥3𝑥4𝑥7
b) = = = 𝟖𝟒𝟎
3!6! 3𝑥2𝑥1𝑥6! 1

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Example 3: Find n in (𝑛 + 3)! = 30(𝑛 + 1)!
(𝑛 + 3)(𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 1)! = 30(𝑛 + 1)!
(𝑛 + 3)(𝑛 + 2) = 30 𝑛2 + 5𝑛 + 6 = 30 𝑛2 + 5𝑛 − 24 = 0
(𝑛 + 8)(𝑛 − 3) = 0 n = -8 n=3
∴n=3

What Is It

Activity 1: Evaluate the following factorial expressions:

1. 8! – 6! = 6. 0! + 7! – 5! =
2. 7! + 5! = 7. (3 + 5)! + 6! =
3. 4!(8 − 5)! = 8. (8! − 6!)(7 − 5)! =
4. 5(7! − 6!) = 9. 10! − 9! =
5. 5!(3! + 4!) = 10. 6!5! =
Activity 2: Simplify the following factorial expressions:
7! (5!−100)
1. + 3! = 4. =
5! 3!−0!
6!−4! 6! 9!
2. = 5. + =
3! 4! 6!
(11−7)!
3. =
4!2!

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper
1. Evaluate 7! + 4!
A. 4500 B. 3200 C. 5064 D. 2560
2. What is the value of 5! – 4!?
A. 96 B. 124 C. 44 D. 34
8!
3. Find the value of =
3!5!
A. 56 B. 64 C. 88 D. 96
4. What is the value of 2(6! – 5!) =
A. 120 B. 240 C. 420 D. 360
7!+10
5. Evaluate: =
5!−70
A. 196 B. 90 C. 101 D. 520
Week 1- Day 2-4:
What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. A menu lists two soups, three meat dishes and five desserts. How many different
meals are possible if consisting of one soup, one meat and one dessert?
A.45 B.36 C.30 D.18

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2. There are 4 roads between A and B and 3 roads between B and C. In how many
ways can one drive from A to C and back to A passing through B on both trips if he
drives the same road twice?
A.288 B.144 C.72 D.66
3. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, how many three-digit numbers are possible
if repetition of digits is allowed?
A.216 B.256 C.360 D.120
4. How many car number plates are possible consisting two different letters
followed by three different numbers?
A.64,000 B.144,000 C.360,000 D.468,000
5. In how many ways can a 7-item multiple choice test be answered if there are 3
choices per item that a student answered all items?
A.768 B.2,187 C.343 D.3,600
What’s In
The Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP)
In a compound event in which the first event may occur in 𝑛1 different ways,
the second event may occur in 𝑛2 different ways, and so on, and the kth
event may occur in 𝑛𝑘 different ways, the total number of ways in which the
compound event may occur is:
𝑛1 ∙ 𝑛2 ∙ 𝑛3 ∙ ∙ ∙ 𝑛𝑘 different ways
This is known as the Multiplication Rule of counting and can be used to
find the number of possibilities when given several groups. How? To
determine the total number of outcomes, multiply the number of possibilities
of the first characteristic times the number of possibilities of the second
characteristic. If there are more than two outcomes, continue to multiply the
possibilities together to determine the total number of outcomes.
In situations where we consider combination of items, or a succession of
events such as flips of a coin or the drawing of cards, each result is called an
outcome. An event is a subset of all possible outcomes. When an event is
composed of two or more outcomes, such as choosing a card followed by
choosing another card, we have a compound event.

What’s New

Let’s try some illustrative examples:

Example 1: How many ways can 5 people be seated in a row of 5 chairs?
Solution: Using FCP, the number of possible arrangements is
5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 ways
Example 2: A woman is going out for the evening. She will put on one of 6 dresses,
one pair out of 8 pairs of shoes, and go to one of the 7 restaurants. In how many
ways can this be done?
Solution: Using FCP, we have:
6 x 8 x 7 = 336 ways
Example 3: How many car license plates can be formed consisting of two different
letters followed by three different digits?
Solution: Using FCP, we have:

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 26 x 25 x 10 x 9 x 8 = 468,000 car license plates
Example 4: Using the digits from 0 to 9, how many three-digit numbers can be
formed if: a) repetition of digits is not allowed? b) repetition if digits is allowed?
Solution: Using FCP, we have:
a) 9 x 9 x 8 = 648 three-digit numbers
The hundred’s digit can be filled up in 9 ways since a three-digit number cannot
start with zero, the ten’s digit in 9 ways since zero can be placed here and
repetition is not allowed, then the unit’s digit can be filled in 8 ways.
b) 9 x 10 x 10 = 900 three-digit numbers
The hundred’s digit can be filled in 9 ways since zero cannot be placed here, the
ten’s digit can be filled in 10 ways since repetition is allowed, same with the unit’s
digit 10 ways.
Example 5: A computer password is to consist of two small letters followed by four
digits. Determine how many passwords are possible if:
a) repetition of letters and digits is allowed
First create a spot for each object that needs to be placed,
26 x 26 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 6,760,000 passwords
L L N N N N
b) repetition of digits and letters is not allowed
26 x 25 x 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 = 3,276,000 passwords
L L N N N N
c) the first letter must be a vowel, the first digit cannot be a zero, and
repetition of letters and numbers is not allowed.
5 x 25 x 9 x 9 x 8 x 7 = 567,000 passwords
TREE DIAGRAM
A tree diagram is used to illustrate the total number of possible outcomes.
Example. To get dressed for school you open your closet to find that you have
the following choices: a red, blue, or white shirt; jeans or sweatpants; tennis shoes
or sandals. Draw a tree diagram of all possible outfits.
Solution:
SHIRTS PANTS SHOES

tennis shoes
jeans sandals
red
sweatpants tennis shoes
sandals

tennis shoes
jeans sandals
blue tennis shoes
sweatpants sandals

tennis shoes
jeans sandals
white tennis shoes
sweatpants sandals

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 By FPC, there will be: 3 x 2 x 2 = 12 possible outfits, and as shown in the
tree diagram, we have the 12 outfits:
1. red shirt, jeans and tennis shoes
2.red shirt, jeans and sandals
3. red shirt, sweatpants and tennis shoes
4. red shirt, sweatpants and sandals
5. blue shirt, jeans and tennis shoes
6. blue shirt, jeans and sandals
7. blue shirt, sweatpants and tennis shoes
8. blue shirt, sweatpants and sandals
9. white shirt, jeans and tennis shoes
10.white shirt, jeans and sandals
11.white shirt, sweatpants and tennis shoes
12.white shirt, sweatpants and sandals

What Is It

Activity 1: Solve the following problems using FPC:

1. A customer who wants to buy a car has a choice of 6 makes, 7 body styles, and
8 colors. Find how many choices has he in the selection.
2. A menu lists five soups, six meat dishes, 4 vegetables dishes and five desserts.
How many meals are possible consisting of one soup, one meat, one vegetable and
a dessert?
3. Using the digits 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. How many two-digit numbers can be formed
if: a) repetition of digits is not allowed?
b) repetition of digits is allowed?
c) how many are even numbers without repetition?
d) how many are odd numbers without repetition?
e) how many are even with repetition?
f) how many are odd with repetition?
4. A boutique shop sells 4 different skirts, 8 different blouses, 6 different pairs of
pants. How many different outfits consisting of a skirt, blouse and a pair of pants
are possible?
5. In how many ways can a 7-item multiple choice test be answered if there are 4
choices per item assuming that a student answered all the items?
6. How many ways can an 8-item True-False test be answered assuming that a
student answered all the items?
7. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9; how many three-digit numbers can be
formed if: a) no digit may be repeated?
b) any digit may be used more than once?
c) the number formed is greater than 300 with repetition?
d) the number formed is less than 500 without repetition?
8.There are four blood types A, B, AB and O. Blood can also be Rh+ and Rh-.
Finally, a blood donor can be classified as either male or female. How many
different ways can a donor have his or her blood labeled?
9. How many 5-digit zip codes are possible if:

10
 a) digits can be repeated?
b) digits cannot be repeated?
10. A knitted hat pattern comes in 4 styles with 4 stitch options and 3 sizes, and
there are 7 yarns appropriate for the hat. How many different hats can be made?
11.In how many ways may the letters of the word “MASTER” be arranged such that
in any arrangement, it begins and ends with a vowel?
12. A building has 15 doors. In how many ways can one enter the building and:
a) leave by a different door?
b) leave by any door?
13. There are 2 major roads from city X to city Y and 4 major roads from city Y to
city Z. How many different trips can be made from city X to city Z, passing through
city Y?
14. How many 4-letter code words can be made using the letters of the word
“PENCIL” if repetitions are not permitted?
15. A particular cell phone company offers 4 models of phones, each in 6 different
colors and each available with any one of 5 calling plans. How many combinations
are possible?
Activity 2: Construct a tree diagram to illustrate the total number of possible
outcomes:
1. A pizza shop makes pizzas in three sizes (small, medium, large) with two types of
crust (thick and thin) and three toppings (sausage, pepperoni and ham). How many
one-topping pizzas can be made at this restaurant?
2. For main dish, you can choose steak or chicken; your side dish can be rice or
potatoes; and your drink can be tea or water. Find the number of possible meals if
you have just one of each.
3. Using the digits 2, 3, 5, 6, how many two-digit numbers can be formed without
repetition of digits.
4. From the letters of the word “FACTS”, how many two-letter codes can be formed if
repetition of letters are not permitted?
5. If Mark has 3 t-shirts (blue, maroon and green), 3 pairs of pants (maong, black
and gray) and 2 pairs of shoes (Nike and Adidas). How many possibilities can he
dress himself up for the day?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Using the digits 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, how many three-digit numbers are formed without
repetition of digits?
A.64 B.60 C.72 D.24
2. A restaurant offers a dinner salad worth P1300.There is a choice of a lettuce
salad or a spinach salad. Then there is a choice of one topping from mushrooms,
beans or cheese. Finally, there is a choice of dressing from ranchstyle or oil and
vinegar. How many different salad combinations are possible?
A.18 B.24 C.12 D.16
3. Simon is going out for the evening. He will put on one of 8 suits, one pair out of
5 pairs of shoes, and go to one of the 9 restaurants in Manila. In how many ways
can this be done?

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 A.600 B.360 C. 720 D. 560
4.How many 5-number license plates can be made using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and 7 if repetitions are allowed?
A.12,000 B.10,800 C. 15,200 D.16,807
5.How many different ID cards can be made if there are 6 digits on a card and no
digit can be used more than once?
A.151,200 B. 360,000 C.144,000 D.7,200

Lesson 2 Permutation
Week 2- Day 1:
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Ten runners join a race. In how many possible ways can they be awarded as
first, second, and third placers?
A. 720 B. 640 C. 320 D. 120
2. In how many ways can Aling Rosa arrange 6 potted plants in a row?
A. 720 B. 640 C. 320 D. 120
3. How many four-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and
9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
A. 640 B. 360 C. 240 D. 180
4. Suppose that in a certain association, there are 12 elected members of the Board
of Directors. In how many ways can a president, a vice president, a secretary, and a
treasurer be selected from the board?
A. 15, 120 B. 11, 880 C. 6, 720 D. 720
5. A dress-shop owner has 8 new dresses that she wants to display in the window.
If the display window has 5 mannequins, in how many ways can she dress them
up?
A. 15, 120 B. 11, 880 C. 6, 720 D. 720
What’s In
Permutation Without Repetition
How do we find the permutations of objects?
Suppose we have 6 different potted plants and we wish to arrange 4 of them
in a row. In how many ways can this be done?

We can determine the number of ways these plants can be arranged in a row
if we arrange only 4 of them at a time. Each possible arrangement is called a
permutation.
The permutation of 6 potted plants taken 4 at a time is denoted by P (6, 4),
6
6P4, P(6, 4), or 𝑃 4 .

The permutation of n objects taken r at a time is denoted by P (n, r). In some

books, it is also denoted by nPr, Pn, r, or 𝑃𝑟𝑛 . In this learning material, we will use the first
notation. The permutation of n objects taken r at a time, P (n, r), where n≥ 𝑟 is:
𝒏!
P (n, r) = n(n-1) (n-2) (n-3) … (n – r + 1). P(n, r) =
(𝒏−𝒓)!
.
The permutation of n objects taken all at a time is:
P (n, n) = n!

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 What’s New
Example 1: Given the 4-letter word READ. In how many ways can we arrange its
letters, 3 at a time?

Solution: First, check what values correspond to n (number of objects

involved) and r (number of objects to be taken).
Second: Use the formula to solve for the number of arrangements we
can get
𝒏! 𝟒! 𝟒(𝟑)(𝟐)(𝟏)
P (n, r) = (𝒏−𝒓)!
= (𝟒−𝟑)!
= = 24 arrangements.
𝟏

That is, REA EAD ADR DRE

RAE EDA ARD DER
ERA ADE DAR RED
EAR AED DRA RDE
AER DAE RAD ERD
ARE DEA RDA EDR

What if there are 5 objects to be arranged and we would arrange all of them every
time? That is, n= 5 and r=5.
Example 2: In how many ways can 5 people arrange themselves in a row for
picture taking?
Solution: n = 5, r= 5
𝒏!
P (n, n) = (𝒏−𝒏)! = n! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 possible pictures.
Example 3: Evaluate the following:
6! 5!
a) 𝑃(6,3) + 𝑃(5,2) = + = 6 x 5 x 4 + 5 x 4 = 120 + 20 = 140
3! 3!
9! 7!
b) 𝑃(9,4) − 𝑃(7,3) = - = 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 – 7 x 6 x 5 = 3024 – 210 = 2,814
5! 4!
Example 4. P (n, 3) =120
(You can use two methods, either of the two can be useful to get the exact
answer)
Solution A: 𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 Solution B:
P (n, 3) =120 𝟑
(Since r =3, get the √𝟏𝟐𝟎 = Given: r = 3
Using the formula 4.9(rounded-off it is 5). By that, Product is 120
𝒏! you can have an idea that one Unknown: n=?
𝑷(𝒏, 𝒓) =
(𝒏 − 𝒓)! of the numbers is 5. We are ____ × ____×____ = 120
𝒏!
By substitution: (𝒏−𝟑)! = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 looking of three (3) consecutive
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏)(𝒏−𝟐)(𝒏−𝟑)! numbers, the product is 120. If r = 3 (Think of three (3)
(𝒏−𝟑)!
=120 we start with 5 × 4 × 3 =60, the consecutive integers
(Since (n – 3)! is the denominator, value of n is not 5. wherein the product is 120.
that’s why the process on the Try to start with 6 × 5 × 4 = 120 ∴ 6 × 5 × 4 = 120
denominator stop on (n – 3)! also so Therefore, n = 6. Answer: n = 6
that we can eliminate it.)

Example 5. P (8, r) = 1,680

Solution A: 𝟖! = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎(𝟖 − 𝒓)! Solution B:
P (8, r) = 1,680 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎(𝟖 − 𝒓)! Using calculator, since n=8,
Using the formula = start by 8 until you get the
𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎
𝒏! 𝟐𝟒 = (𝟖 − 𝒓)! product of 1680.
𝑷(𝒏, 𝒓) =
(𝒏 − 𝒓)! (Get r! = 24, what is the 8 × 7 = 56
𝟖!
By substitution: (𝟖−𝒓)! = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎 value of n! if the product is 8 × 7 × 6 = 336
24? 4! = 24 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 = 1680

13
 (𝟖 − 𝒓)! [
𝟖!
= 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎] (𝟖 − 𝒓)! Therefore, r = 4 1 2 3 4
(𝟖−𝒓)!
Check: 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 = ∴ Answer: r = 4
1680
(Any solution will do as long as you can get the answer)

Example 6. Find the value of n such that: nP5 = 42 nP3, n> 4

(𝒏 − 𝟑)(𝒏 − 𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐
Factor the left side
𝒏𝟐 − 𝟕𝒏 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐 and set the factors
𝟐
𝒏 − 𝟕𝒏 + 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟎 equal to zero
𝒏𝟐 − 𝟕𝒏 − 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎
(𝒏 + 𝟑)(𝒏 − 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟎
Solution: 𝒏 = −𝟑, 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎
Take note that on
Using the formula n> 4
𝒏! the given question
∴ Answer: n = 10
𝑷(𝒏, 𝒓) = n> 4 and there is
(𝒏 − 𝒓)! Checking: NO negative value
By substitution: nP5 = 42 nP3
𝒏! 𝒏! for r and n,
= 𝟒𝟐 (𝒏−𝟑)! 10(9)(8)(7)(6)=42(10×9×8 therefore, the value
(𝒏−𝟓)!
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏)(𝒏−𝟐)(𝒏−𝟑)(𝒏−𝟒)(𝒏−𝟓)! 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏)(𝒏−𝟐)(𝒏−𝟑)!
✓ of n is 10
(𝒏−𝟓)!
= 42 (𝒏−𝟑)! 30,240 = 30, 240
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)(𝒏 − 𝟑)(𝒏 − 𝟒)
= 𝟒𝟐 𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)(𝒏 − 𝟑)(𝒏 − 𝟒)
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)
𝟒𝟐 𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)
=
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)

What Is It

Activity 1: Solve the following situations.

1. A teacher wants to assign 4 different tasks to her 4 students. In how many
possible ways can she do it?
2. In a certain general assembly, three major prizes are at stake. In how many ways
can the first, second, and third prizes can be drawn from a box containing 120
names?
3. In how many different ways can 5 bicycles be parked if there are 7 available
parking spaces?
4. There are 8 basketball teams competing for the top 4 standings in order to move
up to the semi-finals. Find the number of possible rankings of the four top teams.
5. In how many ways can a class of 30 students elect a president, a vice president,
a secretary and a treasurer to represent the Student Council?
Activity 2: Evaluate the following
1. P (10, 4) = 4. P (8, 5) =
2. P (9, 6) = 5. P (12, 4) =
3. P(15, 3) =
Activity 3: Find the value of n or r
1. P (n, 3) = 336 4. P (9, r) = 504
2. P (n, 4) = 840 5. P (8, r) = 6,720\
3. P (n, 5) = 15,120

14
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper

1. In how many ways can 10 people line up for a bus ticket?

A. 3, 628, 800 B. 362, 880 C. 181, 440 D. 1
2. How many permutations can be formed from the letters of the word EDISON
using all letters?
A. 720 B. 640 C. 320 D. 120
3. How many 7-digit phone numbers can be found with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, and 9, assuming that no digits is used more than once and the first digit is
not 0 or 1?
A. 840 B. 3, 840 C. 83, 840 D. 483, 840
4. If 4 persons enter a bus on which there are 10 vacant seats. How many ways are
there for the four be seated?
A. 5, 040 B. 504 C. 50 D. 4
5. In how many ways can four girls be seated in a row of four chairs if Pauline
insists on sitting in the first chair?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
Week 2- Day 2:
What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following situations or activities involve permutation?
A. matching shirts and pants
B. forming different triangles out of 5 points on a plane, no three of which
are collinear.
C. assigning telephone numbers to subscribers
D. forming a committee from the members of a club
2. Two different arrangements of objects where some of them are identical are
called_______________.
A. distinguishable permutations C. circular permutations
B. unique combinations D. circular combinations
3. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word PASS.
A. 4 B. 12 C. 36 D. 144
4. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word
EDUCATED.
A. 1680 B. 10, 080 C. 20, 160 D. 40, 320
5. How many distinguishable permutations are possible with all the letters of the
word ELLIPSES?
A. 21, 160 B. 10,080 C. 5, 040 D. 1, 020

What’s In
Permutation With Repetition
In the previous lesson, the objects to be arranged are all distinct. Suppose
some of the objects to be arranged are not distinct, that is, some are identical.
Problem: Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word EVEN.
Solution: There are 4 letters of the word. Initially, suppose these letters are distinct,
then the number of permutations is P(4, 4) = 4!

15
 However, we have to take into consideration that the 2 E’s are alike. We
cannot distinguish between the 2 E’s. How can we arrange the 4 letters differently if
the 2 E’s could be differentiated from one another? Instead of using subscripts, let
us make one E in upper case and the other in lower case (e). We will have:
EVeN ENVe VNEe
eVEN ENeV NEVe
EVNe ENeV NEVe
eVNE ENEV NeVE
EeVN VEeN NEeV
eEVN VeEN NeEV
EeNV VENe NVEe
eENV VeNE NVeE
How many arrangements are there? Can you think of other possible
arrangements?
Now, these two E’s are the same, and so the two entries in each box are also
the same. Take note that for each permutation like E-V-E-N, there are 2, or 2! Ways
of arranging two E’s without changing the arrangement of the others. The
duplications are eliminated by dividing 4! Or 24 by the number of ways of
arranging the 2 E’s which is 2! So out of the 24 arrangements, the number of
distinct or distinguishable permutations, P, would be:
𝑃(4,4) 4! 24
P= = = = 12 distinguishable permutations
2! 2! 2
This leads to the rule: The number of distinguishable permutations, p, of n
objects where p objects are alike, q objects are alike, and so on, is

What’s New
𝑛!
P=
𝑝!𝑞!𝑟!…

Example 1: Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word

STATISTICS.
Solution: There are 10 letters in the word. Assuming that the letters are distinct,
there are P(10, 10)= 10! permutations. However, we have to take into consideration
that the 3 S’s are alike, the 3 T’s are alike, and the 2 I’s are also alike.
The permutation of the 3 S’s ai P(3, 3)= 3!. The permutation of the 3 T’s is P(3, 3)=
3! And the permutation of 2 I’s is P(2, 2)=2!. So we must divide 10! By 3!3!2! in
order to eliminate the duplicates. Thus,
10!
P= = 50, 400 permutations.
3!3!2!
Example 2: Find the number of different ways of placing 15 balls in a row given
that 5 are red, 4 are green, 3 are yellow, 2 are blue, and one black.
Solution: Let us denote red as p, green as q, yellow as r, blue as s, black as t (p=5;
q=4; r=3; s=2; t=1)
15!
P= =37, 837, 800 permutations.
5!4!3!2!1!
Example 3: How many ways is it possible to distribute the 8 coins to eight
children, where each child receives a coin, if there are three P5 coins, two P20 coins
and three P10 coins?
8!
Solution: 𝑃 = = 560 ways
3!2!3!

16
 What Is It

Activity 1: Find the number of distinguishable permutations for the following.

1. ALAPAAP 6. BULAKLAK
2. MAGSASAKA 7. COCOON
3. HIMPAPAWID 8. PHILIPPINES
4. PALAYAN 9. MASSACHUSETTS
5. BINIBINI 10. ARRANGEMENT

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In how many ways can two blue marbles and four red marbles be arranged in a
row?
A. 60 B. 45 C. 30 D. 15
2. In how many different ways can five red balls, two whit balls and seven blue
balls be arranged in a row?
A. 72, 072 B. 65,342 C. 40,320 D. 15,120
3. Faith bought four vanilla-ice cream cones, three chocolate cones, two strawberry
cones and five ube-langka cones for her 14 tutors. In how many ways can she
distribute the cones among her tutors?
A. 14, 702, 688 B. 2, 522, 520 C. 360, 360 D. 15, 120
4. Fifteen construction workers are to be assigned to three different tasks. Seven
workers are needed for mixing cement, five for laying bricks and three for carrying
the bricks to the brick layers. In how many different ways can the workers be
arranged to the task?
A. 14, 702, 688 B. 2, 522, 520 C. 360, 360 D. 15, 120
5. Mr. Borja is a math teacher who has 7 identical algebra books, 5 identical
geometry books and 6 identical trigonometry books. In how many ways can he
arrange these books in a shelf?
A. 14, 702, 688 B. 65,342 C. 40,320 D. 15
Week 2- Day 3:
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. In how many ways can 8 people be seated around a circular table if two of them
insist on sitting beside each other?
A. 360 B. 720 C. 1440 D. 5040
2. In how many different ways can 10 different-colored horses be positioned in a
carousel?
A. 504 B. 4032 C. 362, 880 D. 3, 628, 800
3. Find the number of different ways that a family of 6 can be seated around a
circular table with 6 chairs.
A. 120 B. 240 C. 360 D. 720
4. There are 12 people in a dinner gathering. In how many ways can the host (one
of the 12) arrange his guest around a dining table?
A. 3,991,680 B. 39, 916, 800 C. 39, 628, 800 D. 3, 962, 880

17
5. There are 12 people in a dinner gathering. In how many ways can the host (one
of the 12) arrange his guest around a dining table if two people insist on sitting
beside each other?
A. 479, 001, 600 B. 79, 833, 600 C. 39, 916, 800 D. 7, 257, 600

What’s In
Circular Permutation
If n objects are to be arranged around a circle, the number of permutations of n
different things is given by: P = (n-1)!
Illustrative Example:
1. In how many ways can 4 people be seated at a round table?
Solution: Supposing A, B, C, D are the people to sit around a table, with A the point
person, there are (4-1)! ways or 6 ways.
A A A

B D C D C B

C B D

A A A

B C D C D B

D B C
Ring Permutation Principle

If the clockwise and the counterclockwise arrangements are not to be made

different as in the case of making a necklace, key ring, bracelet, and the like, the
(𝒏−𝟏)!
total number of arrangements will be: P=
𝟐

What’s New
Illustrative Examples: Find the number of circular permutations:

1. In how many ways can 10 different colored toy horses be arranged in a merry-
go-round?
Solution: n= 10
P= (n-1)! = (10-1)! = 9! = 362, 880 ways
2. In how many ways can 9 people be seated at a round table?
Solution: n = 9
P = (n-1)! = (9-1)! = 8! = 40, 320 ways
3. In how many ways can nine different colored beads be arranged in a bracelet?
Solution: n = 9
(9−1)! 8!
P= = = 20,160 ways
2 2
4: In how many ways may the 8 keys of the house be arranged in a key ring?

18
 (8−1)! 7!
Solution: P = = = 2,520 ways
2 2
5. In how many ways may the 7 children be seated in a circular table?
Solution: P = (7 – 1)! = 6! = 720 ways

What Is It

Activity 1: Answer the following. Show your solution completely.

1. In how many ways may the 9 friends arrange themselves in a round table for a
meeting?
2. In how many ways may the 8 different charms be arranged in a necklace?
3. In how many ways may the 7 class officers arrange themselves in an elliptical
table?
4. In how many ways may the 6 colored stones be arranged in a bracelet?
5. In how many ways may the 8 boys be seated at a round table to play cards?
Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. In how many ways can six children be seated at a round table if they may be
seated anywhere?
A. 720 B. 640 C. 360 D. 120
2. In how many ways may the 6 keys of the school be arranged in a key ring?
A. 12 B. 60 C. 48 D. 24
3. In how many ways can five boys and three girls be arranged in a circle, if the girls
must always stand together?
A. 4320 B. 720 C. 360 D. 120
4. In how many ways may the 10 colored beads be arranged to form a necklace?
A. 720,000 B. 48,000 C. 24,000 D. 181,440
5. In how many ways can 8 people be seated around a table if two of them insist in sitting
beside each other?
A. 1440 B. 2880 C. 5040 D. 10, 080

Week 2- Day 4:
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Mr. Reyes wants to arrange the 4 English books, 3 Statistics books and 2 Physics
books on his book shelf. How many arrangements are there if books of the same
subject are together?
A. 1260 B. 2520 C. 960 D. 1728
2. How many code words can be formed from the letters of the word “FINALS” such
that it may begin and end with a vowel?
A. 56 B. 48 C. 72 D. 80
3. In how many ways can 5 boys and 6 girls be seated in a row of 11 seats if boys
and girls are to occupy alternate seats?
A. 72,400 B. 51,400 C. 86,400 D. 56,200
4. How many positive integers less than 1000 can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5 if no digits may be repeated?
A. 96 B. 85 C. 60 D. 125

19
5. In how many ways can a party of 8 people be seated in a row of 8 seats if two of
them refuse to sit next to each other?
A. 30,240 B. 45,270 C. 7200 D. 10,080
What’s In

Permutation With Restrictions

A permutation is an arrangement of a set of objects in an ordered way. An
addition of some restrictions or conditions gives rise to a situation of permutations
with restrictions. Such as selection of a student for a particular post based on the
restriction of the marks attained by him/her. The number of ways of selecting the
students reduces with an increase number of restrictions.
The most common types of restrictions are that we can include or exclude only
a small number of objects. In other words, a certain set of objects will either come
together or stay apart. This means that not all the objects will either need to be
ordered.

What’s New
Let’s try some illustrative examples:
Example 1: In how many ways can 4 girls and 3 boys be seated in a row of seven
seats: a. if they may sit anywhere?
Solution: no restriction, then (3 + 4)! = 7! = 5040 ways
b. if the boys and girls must alternately?
Solution:
Possible scheme: G B G B G B G B
4! 3! = 24 x 6 = 144 ways
c. if all the girls insist on sitting beside each other?
Solution:
GGGG BBB (the girls may be counted as one unit)
4! x 4! = 24 x 24 = 576 ways
d) if all the boys refuse to sit together?
Solution:
5! x 3! (number of ways where the boys want to be seated together)
= 120 x 6 = 720 ways
For the number of ways where the boys refuse to seat together, we have:
7! – 5! 3! = 5040 – 720 = 4,320 ways
Example 2: In how many ways can the 6 people be seated at a round table if:
a) they may sit anywhere?
Solution: (6 – 1)! = 5! = 120 ways
b) three people insist on sitting next to each other?
Solution: the three will be taken as one unit, then:
(4 – 1)! x 3! = 3! x 3! = 6 x 6 = 36 ways
c) two particular people refuse to sit beside each other?
(6 – 1)! – (5 – 1)! 2! = 5! – 4! 2!
= 120 – 24 x 2 = 120 – 48 = 72 ways
Example 3: In how many ways may the 3 different History books, 2 different
Economics books, and 3 different Science books be arranged on a shelf such that:
a) they are placed anywhere?

20
 Solution: 8! = 40,320 ways
b) books of the same subject are together?
Solution: 3! x 2! x 3! x 3! = 6 x 2 x 6 x 6 = 432 ways
c) only the Science books are placed together?
Solution: 6! x 3! = 720 x 6 = 4,320 ways

What Is It

Activity 1: Solve the following problems

1. Four boys and four girls want to pose for a picture taking and they are seated in
a row of 8 chairs. In how many ways may they arrange themselves such that:
a) there is no restriction?
b) they are seated alternately?
c) the boys want to be seated together?
d) the girls refuse to sit together?
2. The librarian is to arrange 4 different Math books, 5 different Science books and
3 different Literature books on a shelf. How many arrangements can she make if:
a) the books may be arranged in any way?
b) books of the same subject are placed together?
c) only the Math books are placed together?
3. Six married couples are to be seated at a round table. Find the number of
sitting arrangements if:
a) there is no restriction?
b) each couple is to sit together?
c) all the men want to be seated together?
d) the women refuse to sit together?
4. Four married couples are to be seated in a row of chairs for a picture taking.
How many arrangements are possible if:
a) there is no restriction?
b) each couple is to sit together?
c) all the men want to sit together?
d) two particular women refuse to sit beside each other?

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. In how many ways can six children be seated at a round table if they may be
seated anywhere?
A. 720 B. 640 C. 360 D. 120
2. In how many ways may the 7 children arrange themselves in a row for picture
taking if three particular friends want to be seated together?
A. 360 B. 720 C. 144 D. 576
3. In how many ways can five boys and three girls be arranged in a circle, if the girls
must always stand together?
A. 4320 B. 720 C. 360 D. 120

21
4. Three boys and three girls are to sit in a row of 6 chairs. In how many ways may
they arrange themselves for a picture taking if they are to sit alternately?
A. 72 B. 64 C. 96 D. 120
5. In how many ways can 8 people be seated around a table if two of them insist in
sitting beside each other?
A. 1440 B. 2880 C. 5040 D. 10, 080

Lesson 3 Combination
Week 3- Day 1 – 2:

What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is 5!?
A. 5 B. 20 C. 60 D. 120
2. It is the product of a positive integer n and all the positive integers less than n.
A. Powers of n B. Multiples of n C. n-factors D. n-factorial
3. What is P (8,5)?
A. 56 B. 336 C. 1400 D. 6720
4. How many numbers of three different digits each can be formed by the use of
digits 1,2,3,4,5,8 and 9?
A. 210 B. 360 C. 504 D. 120
5. If a combination lock must contain 5 different digits, in how many ways can code
be formed from the digits 0 to 9?
A. 15 120 B. 30 240 C. 151 200 D. 720

What’s In

Study the task or activities below. In which task or activities above is order or
arrangement is important. Give an example to illustrate each answer.
1. Setting a 3-digit combination lock with 3 rotating wheels each with 10
different numbers.
2. Number of ways a professor can arrange 10 students in a row.
3. Ways can 8 senators sit in a round table.
4. Choosing 3 question to answer out of 5 questions in a quiz.
5. Assembling a jigsaw puzzle.
6. Picking 6 balls from a basket of 12 balls.
7. Determining the top three winners in a Math Quiz.
8. Placing 8 books on a shelf with a space enough for 5 books.
9. Displaying 7 new dresses in the glass window with 5 mannequins
to dress up.
10. Choosing 2 household chores to do before lunch.

22
 What’s New
In how many ways can 12 players be selected from 20 men who tried out for
the basketball team?
In the above problem the order in which the players are selected does not really
matter as long as they are part of the team. This illustrates the notion of
COMBINATION.

A COMBINATION of n objects taken r at a time is any selection of r of the objects

where order doesn’t matter

Keep in mind that in PERMUTATION order is important. This is not the case in
COMBINATION where order is not important.
𝒏!
The number of combination taken r at a time is given by C(n,r) = nCr =
𝒓!(𝒏−𝒓)!
Given n distinct objects let us now try to relate the formula for permutation taken r
at a time. Consider the combination and permutations of 4 letters A, B,C,D taken 3
at a time.
COMBINATIONS PERMUTATION
ABC ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA
ABD ABD, ADB, BAD, BDA, DAB, DBA
ACD ACD, ADC, CAD, CDA, DAC, DCA
BCD BCD, BDC, CBD, CDB, DBC, DCB
𝟒!
This is the same as saying that C(4,3)= =4
𝟑!(𝟒−𝟑)!

Study these examples.

Example 1: Ronnie decided to share his 2 books with his 4 friends. His friends must
take turns in taking home the books such that each friend can only take one book
at home. In how many ways can he choose the first two friends that will have his
books?
𝟒!
Solution: C(4,2)= =6
𝟐!(𝟒−𝟐)!

Example 2: How many choices does a student have if he has to answer 4 out of 5
questions?
𝟓!
Solution: C(5,4)= =5
𝟒!(𝟓−𝟒)!

Example 3: How many choices does a student have if he has to answer 4 out of 5
questions and such that he must answer the first two questions?
Solution: The student has to choose the first two questions giving him C(2,2) = 1
choice only.
Now since he has to answer 4 questions, he has to choose 2 out of the 3 remaining
thus giving him C (3,2) = 3 choices.
C (2,2) x C (3,2) = 1 x 3 = 3 choices

4 out of 5
Example 4: A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find the number of ways 3
balls can be chosen from the bag if
a. All of them are red
b. All of them are blue

23
 c. 2 are blue and 1 is red
d. 2 are red and 1 is blue
e. They can be of any color
Solution:
a. If all of the 3 balls are red these are taken from the 5 red balls and none is
taken from the 3 balls. C (5,3) x C (3,0) = 10 x 1 = 10
b. If all of the 3 balls are blue these are taken from the 3 blue balls and none is
taken from the 5 red balls. C (5,0) x C (3,3) = 1 x 1 = 1
c. If 2 of the balls are blue and 1 is red, then the red ball is taken from the 5 red
balls and the 2 blue balls are taken from the 3 blue balls.
C (5,1) x C (3,2) = 5 x 3 = 15
d. If 2 of the balls are red and 1 is blue, then the 2 red balls are taken from the
5 red balls and the blue ball is taken from 3 blue balls.
C (5,2) x C (3,1) = 10 x 3 = 30
e. If the 3 balls are of any color, then we can choose the 3 balls from the 8 balls
which is the sum of the 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Thus, there are
C (8,3) = 56 choices
Example 5: A man buys 2 cows 3 pigs and 3 chickens in a store with 5 cows, 5
pigs and 7 chickens. How many choices has he?
Solution: The man can choose the cows in C (5,2) ways, the pigs in C (5,3) ways,
and the chickens in C (7,3) ways. The man has:
C (5,2) x C (5,3) x C (7,3) = 10 x 10 x 35 = 3500
Example 6: Mark is to choose two books from a shelf containing four math books,
three Filipino books, and two Science books.
a. How many choices has he?
b. How many choices does he have if one of the books must be math and the
other is a science book?
c. How many choices does he have if both books must be books in Filipino?
Solution:
a. Since the total of books is 4+3+2 = 9 then the total number of choices is
C (9,2) = 36
b. There are C (4,1) number of ways to choose a math book and C (2,1) number
of ways to choose a science book, thus the total number of ways is
C (4,1) x C (2,1) = 4 x 2 = 8
c. There are C (3,2) number of ways to choose the Filipino book.
Thus C (3,2) = 3

What Is It

Activity 1: Solve the following problems

1. How many committees can be formed from 15 persons, if a committee
consists of 4 members?
2. In how many ways may 5 finalists be chosen from 20 contestants?
3. In how many ways may a buyer choose 12 dresses from 16 different style?
4. How many basketball games are played if each of the nine basketball teams
plays with each of the teams once?
5. A store manager wishes to employ 6 checkers from 15 equally qualified
applicants. Find the number of ways of employing the checkers.
6. There are 9 points on a plane, where no three of which are collinear. How
many of the following can be formed:
a) lines d) pentagons

24
 b) triangles e) hexagons
c) quadrilaterals
7. In how many ways may a board of judges select the 5 finalists from 20
contestants?
8. In how many ways may a delegate of 6 students be chosen from 15 officers of
the club to attend a symposium?
9. A barangay captain has to choose 5 from his 9 aides to help control traffic. In
how many ways can he do it?
10. Given a deck of 52 cards, in how many ways can a hand of 5 cards be dealt?
11. There are 23 students in a club. How many ways can 4 officers be chosen?
12 Of the 10 questions in a test, in how many ways can a student choose 5
questions to answer?
13. In a gathering, the host makes sure that each guest shakes hands with
everyone else. If there are 16 guests, how many handshakes will be done?

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. How many different tests each with 25 questions can be costructed from a test
bank containing 32 question?
a. 3 365 856 b. 16 963 914 240 c. 800 d. 57
2. Write a simplified expression for nC 6.
𝑛! 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)(𝑛−4)(𝑛−5) 𝑛!
a. b. c. d. n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)(n-5)
720 720 6
3. A committee of 5 people is to be chosen from a group of 12 people: 6 women and
6 men. In how many ways can the committee be chosen so as to include exactly 3
men? a. 15 b. 20 c. 300 d. 600
4. Out of 7 consonants and 4 vowels, how many words of 3 consonants and 2
vowels can be formed?
a. 210 b. 1 050 c. 25 200 d. 21 400
5. You just got a free ticket for a boat ride, and you can bring along 2 friends.
Unfortunately, you have 5 friends who want to come along. How many different
groups of friends could you take with you?
a. 3 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10
Week 3- Day 3 – 4:
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This is an arrangement of a set of n distinct objects where the order of
arrangement is not important.
a. Permutation c. Probability
b. Combination d. Differentiation
2. Which of the following is the correct formula for permutation of n objects?
a. 𝑛! c. (𝑛 − 1)!
𝑛! 𝑛!
b. d.
(𝑛−𝑟)! (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!

25
 3. Which of the following is the correct formula for permutation of n objects taken
r at a time?
a. 𝑛! c. (𝑛 − 1)!
𝑛! 𝑛!
𝑏. d.
(𝑛−𝑟)! (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!
4. Which of the following is the correct formula for combination of n objects taken
r at a time?
a. 𝑛! c. (𝑛 − 1)!
𝑛! 𝑛!
𝑏. d.
(𝑛−𝑟)! (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!
5. This is an arrangement of a set of objects where order is important.
a. Permutation b. Combination c. Probability d. Differentiation
What’s In
In mathematics, you might have heard the notions of permutation and
combination nth number of times, but have you ever imagined that these two are
different concepts? The fundamental difference between permutation and
combination is the order of objects, in permutation the order of objects is very
important, i.e. the arrangement must be in the stipulated order of the number of
objects, taken only some or all at a time.

What’s New

BASISFOR PERMUTATION COMBINATION

COMPARISON
Meaning Permutation refers to the Combination refers to several
different ways of arranging a ways of choosing items from a
set of objects in a sequential large set of objects, such that
order (order matters). their order does not matter.
Order Relevant Irrelevant
Denotes Arrangement Selection
(Represents)
What is it? Ordered elements Unordered sets
Answers the How many different How many different groups can
following arrangements can be created be chosen from a larger group
question. from a given set of objects? of objects?
Derivation Multiple permutation from a Single combination from a
single combination. single permutation.
Consider the given example: The combination of letters A, B, C taken two at a time.
Possible combination of letter taken two at a time: AB, BC, CA, BA, CB, AC.
In combination order does not make any sense. So, AB is same as BA.
Therefore, there are 3 combinations. (AB, BC, CA or BA, CB, AC)
In permutation, AB and BA are different. Therefore, there are 6 combinations
(AB, BC, CA, BA, CB, AC).
We can distinguish permutation and combination by the following points:
1. In combination, only the selection of objects is made whereas in permutation,
not only the selection is made but also an arrangement in definite order is
considered.

26
 2. The ordering of the selected objects is of no significance in combination
whereas in permutation the ordering is essential.
3. Usually, the number of permutations is more than the number of
combinations.

What Is It

Activity 1: Determine whether each situation involves a permutation or

combination. Write P for Permutation and C for Combination.
1. Five badminton players chosen from a group of nine
2. Seven toppings for a pizza
3. Finding the diagonals of a polygon
4. A classroom sitting arrangement
5. Arranging the 15 books in a library shelf
6. Electing a class president, vice president, and a secretary
7. Eight outfits chosen from fifteen outfits to be modeled
8. A six-person committee from your math class
9. A team of 8 basketball players needs to choose a captain and a co-captain
10. There are 200 applicants for ten Teacher I position.
Activity 2: Determine the combinatorics to use for the following problem.
Choose your answer from the following: Permutation, Combination or Both.
1. A group of 25 campers contains 12 women and 13 men. In how many ways
can a scouting party choose a leader, an assistant leader, and 5 committees
consisting of 3 women and 2 men?
2. In how many ways can the 12 members of the Board of Directors (BOD) be
chosen from 12 parent-nominees and 7 teacher-nominees if there must be 8
parents in the BOD? After the 12 members are chosen, in how many ways
can they elect among themselves the 7 top positions (president, vice
president, and others)?
3. Palindrome is a word that whichever way you want to read it, from left to
right or from right to left, you get the same word. Find the maximum
possible number of 5-letter palindromes.
4. A team of 17 softball players needs to choose three players to refill the water
cooler.
5. There are 5 novels and 4 biographies. In how many ways can 4 novels and 2
biographies can be arranged on a shelf?

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. A well-known donut dealer has 15 varieties of donuts. Suppose that they decide
to make sample boxes containing 6 different donuts each. How many different
sample boxes could they make?
A. 3,600 B. 1,200 C. 5,005 D. 4,320
2. Ten people come to an evening bridge party. Since only four people can play
bridge at any one time, they decide to play as many games as it takes to use every
possible foursome once. How many games would it have to be played?

27
 A. 420 B. 210 C. 540 D. 450
3. Twelve college students apply to go on a Biology field trip but there is a room in
the car for only five of them. In how many different ways could the group making
the trip be composed?
A. 792 B. 544 C. 692 D. 444
4. Angel Lancelot goes to the toy store, where her mother will let her buy any three
toys. There are 16 toys to choose from. How many different selections could she
make?
A. 210 B. 360 C. 450 D. 560
5. A set has 10 elements. How many subsets are there that contain 5 of the
elements?
A. 360 B. 252 C. 420 D. 540
Week 4- Day 1 – 2:
What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is C (6, 5)?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 72 D. 720
2. What is C (6, 1)?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 72 D. 720
3. Which of the following shows the correct factorial form of C (10, 2)?
10! 10! 10!
A. 10! B. (10−2)! C. (10−2!) D.
2!(10−2)!
4. Which of the following shows combination?
A. Arranging 5 different books in a shelf
B. Forming 3-digit numbers using 1, 2, and 3
C. Selecting 2 students from 12 males and 8 females
D. Electing of president, vice president and secretary`
5. Which of the following is not a combination?
A. Choosing 3 balls from 5 red balls and 3 white balls
B. Forming 4-digit passwords from 0-9
C. Forming a committee with 5 members from 10 students
D. Selecting 2 swimmers from among 7 swimmers

What’s In
Combination
Permutations of a set are arrangements of the elements of the set. Often, we are
concerned only with the number of ways we can select elements from a set. These
are combinations. The number of combinations of a set of n objects taken r at a time
𝒏!
is given by: C (n, r) =
(𝒏−𝒓)!𝒓!
Example: In how many ways can a 5-player starting unit be selected from a 12-
member basketball squad?
Solution: n = 12, r = 5
12! 12! 12.11.10.9.8
C (12, 5) = = = = 792 ways
(12−5)!5! 7!5! 5.4.3.2.1

28
 What’s New
Finding the Value n and r of Combination of n Objects Taken r at a Time
You have already learned how to evaluate C (n, r). This time, the value of n
and r are missing in combination of n objects taken r at a time.
Example 1: What is the value of n in C (n, 4) = 210?
𝑛!
Solution: 𝐶 (𝑛, 𝑟) = (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟! Use the formula for combination of n
objects taken r at a time

𝑛!
210 = (𝑛−4)!4! Substitute the given

𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)(𝑛−4)!
210 = (𝑛−4)! 24
Expand n! in such a way that (n – 4)! will
be cancelled out. Evalute 4!
𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3) = (210)(24) Apply MPE by multiplying 210 and 24.
Since we have 4 factors in the left side, you
will think of 4 consecutive numbers that
will be equal to the product of 210 and 24
or get the factors of 210 and 24.

(10)(9)(8)(7) = 5 040

10(10 − 1)(10 − 2)(10 − 3) = (210)(24) Use 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3) for you to identify
n.
Therefore: n = 10
Example 2: What is the value of r if C(12, r) = 792?
𝑛!
Solution: 𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) = (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟! Use the formula for combination of n
objects taken r at a time
12!
792 = (12−𝑟)!𝑟! Substitute the given
12!
(12 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! = Apply MPE
792
12∙11∙10∙9∙8∙𝟕∙𝟔∙𝟓∙𝟒∙𝟑∙𝟐∙𝟏
(12 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! = Expand 12! And get the factors of 792
11∙9∙8

12∙11∙10∙9∙8∙𝟕∙𝟔∙𝟓∙𝟒∙𝟑∙𝟐∙𝟏
(12 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! = Simplify
11∙9∙8

(12 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! = 12 ∙ 10 ∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1
(12 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! = 120 ∙ 7! Multiply 12 and 10 and write the
consecutive numbers in factorial
notation
𝑟! = 7!
Hence, r = 7

29
 Checking: Substitute 7 to r
(12 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! = 120 ∙ 7!
(12 − 7)! = 120
5! = 120
(Note: r is also equal to 5 since C (12, 5) is also equal to 792. Therefore r = 7 or 5.)

What Is It

Activity 1: Find the value of n.

1. C (n, 4) = 1 4. C (n, 5) = 126
2. C (n, 2) = 55 5. C (n, 7) = 120
3. C (n, 6) = 28
Activity 2: Find the value of r.
1. C (5, r) = 1 4. C (6, r) = 6
2. C (5, r) = 10 5. C (11, r) = 330
3. C (7, r) = 28
Activity 3: Solve the following
1. There are 23 students in a club. How many ways can 4 officers be selected?
2. How many lines are determined by 8 points on a plane, no three of which are
collinear?
3. Of 10 questions in a test, a student must answer 7. How many ways can he do
this?
4. In how many ways can we select 5 students to from 15 to represent in the seminar
workshop?
5. In how many different ways can you form a committee of 5 people from a group of
9 people?

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Evaluate: C (8, 4)
A. 96 B. 70 C. 120 D. 84
2. What is the value of C (9, 2) x C (7, 4)?
A. 960 B. 540 C. 780 D. 1,260
3. If C (n, 3) = 35, what is n?
A. 7 B. 9 C. 10 D. 8
4. A well-known chain of pizza parlors has eleven kinds of topping they can put on
their pizzas. How many different kinds of pizza could they make using five of the
toppings?
A. 564 B. 720 C. 462 D. 640
5. If C (9, r) = 84, what is r?
A. 5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6

30
Week 4- Day 3 – 4:

What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Mark has 13 socks in his drawer, 7 blue and 6 gray socks. In how many ways can
he select 5 at random such that exactly 3 are blue socks?
A. 525 B. 720 C. 926 D. 655
2. In a group of 16 people, 7 are left-handed and the rest are right-handed. If 6 people
are selected at random, in how many ways may all right-handed people be selected?
A. 120 B. 56 C. 72 D. 84
3. In how many ways can a committee of 6 students be chosen from 8 juniors and
10 seniors if there must be 4 seniors in the committee?
A. 3,600 B. 5,400 C. 7,200 D. 5,880
4. From a standard deck of 52 cards, in how many ways may we select 4 cards such
that exactly 2 are face cards?
A. 48,550 B. 51,480 C. 40,444 D. 36,450
5. A bag contains 6 red, 4 blue and 5 green balls. In how many ways may we select
3 balls such that they are of different colors?
A. 144 B. 105 C. 120 D. 220
What’s In
Combination With Conditions
The good thing about combinations questions is that there is only one formula
𝑛!
that you need to be able to solve them: the combination formula C (n, r) =
(𝑛−𝑟 )!𝑟!
,
where n represents the total number of items and r represents the number of items
being chosen at a time. Things can get a bit more complicated, however, when
conditions are added to the question. An example of such a condition uses the words
“at least” or “at most”.

What’s New
Solve the following problems:
Example 1: A box of 12 articles contains 5 defective ones. In how many ways can
one select 4 articles such that:
a) exactly 2 defective articles are included?
Solution: n = 12 and 5 are defectives
2 defectives from 5 and 2 non-effectives from 7 must be selected
C (5, 2) x C (7, 2) = 10 x 21 = 210 ways
b) all non-defective articles are included?
Solution: C (7, 5) = 21 ways
c) at least 1 defective article are included?
Solution: at least 1 means greater than or equal to 1;
1D & 3 ND or 2D & 2ND or 3D & 1ND or 4D & 0 ND
C (5, 1) x C (7, 3) + C (5, 2) x C (7, 2) + C (5, 3) x C (7, 1) + C (5, 4)
= 5 x 35 + 10 x 21 + 10 x 7 + 5 = 175 + 210 + 70 + 5 = 460 ways

31
 d) at most 2 defective articles are included?
Solution: at most 2 means 0,1, 2
2D & 2 ND or 1D & 3ND or 0D & 4ND
C (5, 2) x C (7, 2) + C (5, 1) x C (7, 3) + C (5, 0) x C (7, 4)
= 10 x 21 + 5 x 35 + 1 x 35 = 210 + 175 + 35 = 420 ways
Example 2: A team of 5 watchers is to be chosen from 6 sophomores, 5 juniors, and
4 seniors. How many teams can be formed if the team is to include:
a) exactly 3 seniors?
Solution:
C (4, 3) x C (11, 2) = 4 x 55 = 220 ways
b) 2 sophomores, 2 juniors and 1 senior?
Solution:
C (6, 2) x C (5, 2) x C (4, 1) = 15 x 10 x 4 = 600 ways
c) at least 2 seniors?
Solution:
C (4, 2) x C (11, 3) + C (4, 3) x C (11, 2) + C (4, 4) x C (11, 1)
= 6 x 165 + 4 x 55 + 1 x 11 = 990 + 220 + 11 = 1,221 ways
d) at most 3 sophomores?
Solution:
C (6, 3) x C (9, 2) + C (6, 2) x C (9, 3) + C (6, 1) x C (9, 4) + C (6, 0) x C (9, 5)
= 20 x 36 + 15 x 84 + 6 x 126 + 1 x 126
= 720 + 1260 + 756 + 126 = 2,862 ways

What Is It

Activity 1: Solve the following problems

1. A store manager wishes to employ 7 checkers from 6 men and 9 lady applicants.
Find the number of ways of employing the 7 if:
a) four are to be men?
b) exactly 5 are women?
c) there are at least 4 men?
d) there are at most 3 women?
2. In how many ways can a committee of 5 be selected from a group of 7 men and 5
women if it includes the following:
a) exactly 3 are men?
b) there must be 2 women?
c) at least 4 men?
d) at most 2 women?
3. Anthony is going on a vacation trip and wants to take 5 books with him. He can
choose from 6 fictions and 8 novels. In how many ways can he choose the 5 if:
a) there is no restriction?
b) there must be 3 fictions?
c) at least 2 are novels?
d) at most 3 are fictions?
4. A bag contains 6 red marbles, 4 blue and 5 green marbles. In how many ways can
we select 5 marbles such that:
a) there is no restriction/
b) exactly 2 are blue?

32
 c) at least 3 are green?
d) at most 2 are red?
5. In how many ways can a delegation of 6 students be chosen from 5 seniors, 6
sophomores, 7 juniors and 8 seniors such that it must include the following:
a) 2 seniors, 2 juniors, 1 sophomore and 1 freshman?
b) there must be 4 seniors?
c) at most 2 freshmen?
d) at least 4 juniors?
Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. In how many ways can a patrol of 2 officers and 4 enlisted men be chosen from 6
officers and 8 enlisted men?
A.1050 B. 1200 C. 1560 D. 2160
2. In how many ways can a set of 3 Science books and 2 Math books be chosen from
7 Science books and 8 Math books?
A. 586 B. 624 C. 980 D. 724
3. In how many ways can an economics teacher select 5 students from 6 juniors and
9 seniors if it must consist of 3 seniors and 2 juniors?
A. 1080 B. 1260 C. 3240 D. 5240
4. How many polygons can possibly be formed from 5 distinct points on a plane, no
three of which are collinear?
A. 16 B. 24 C. 64 D. 54
5. From a deck of 52 cards, in how many ways may we select 4 cards such that
exactly 2 are hearts?
A.42,446 B.24,960 C. 64,896 D.57,798

Differentiating Word Problems on

Lesson 4
Permutation & Combination
Week 5- Day 1 – 2:
What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which situation involves combination?
A. a classroom sitting arrangement
B. eight outfits chosen from 15 outfits to be modeled
C. five badminton players chosen from a group of nine
D. electing a president, vice president and secretary from ten candidates
2. Which of the following situations or activities involve permutation?
A. selecting three posters to hang out of six different posters
B. opening a combination lock
C. choosing five questions to answer out of ten questions in a test
D. forming a six-member committee from ten eligible board members
3. How many choices of five pocketbooks to read can be made from a set of nine
pocketbooks?
A. 210 ways B. 45 ways C. 126 ways D. 420 ways

33
4. A teacher wants to assign 8 different tasks to her 8 students. In how many possible
ways can she do it?
A. 10 ways B. 120 ways C. 210 ways D.40,320 ways
5. In how many different ways can 6 cars be parked if there are 10 available parking
spaces?
A. 151,200 ways B. 72 ways C. 144 ways D. 1260 ways

What’s In
Permutation is an arrangement of things in a definite order or the ordered
arrangement of distinguishable objects without allowing repetition among
objects.
In general, if n is a positive integer, then n factorial denoted by n! is the
product of all integers less than or equal to n.
n! = n(n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3) … 3∙2∙1
As a special case, 0! = 1
The number of permutations of n things taken n at a time is given by:
P(n, n) = nPn = n!
The number of permutations of n things taken r at a time is given by:
𝒏!
P(n, r) = nPr = (𝒏−𝒓)!
Combination is a selection made from a group of things without regard
to their order/arrangement. The number of combinations of n things taken r
at a time is given by:
𝒏!
C(n, r) = nCr = (𝒏−𝒓)!𝒓!

What’s New

Let’s discuss some illustrative examples.

Example 1: Determine whether each situation involves permutation or
Combination:
a) Forming 3- letter codes from the vowels of the English alphabet.
Answer: Permutation since different arrangement of the letters define a
different code.
b) choosing the 5-member committee from 10 eligible candidates.
Answer: Combination since you don’t need the arrangement in
choosing these members.
c) Entering the 4-digit PIN code of your ATM card.
Answer: Permutation since the different arrangement of digits of this
PIN code will not allow you to transact with the bank.
d) Forming triangles from 12 distinct points in a plane, where no three
of which are collinear.
Answer: Combination since arrangement of these three points in
forming triangles as vertices is not necessary.
e) Electing a president, vice president, and a secretary from 10 qualified
candidates.
Answer: Permutation since arrangement is necessary.

Example 2: Tell whether a given problem situation involves Permutation or

Combination, then solve:
1. Christelle would like to invite 10 friends to go on a trip but has room for
only 7 of them. In how many ways can they be chosen?

34
 Sol. Combination
C(10, 7) = 120 ways
2. There are seven finalists for the Math Quiz Bee of LPENHS, and medals will
be given to the top 3 finalists. How many ways are there for them to be
awarded as gold, silver and bronze medalist?
Sol. Permutation
P(7, 3) = 210 ways
3. There are 12 distinct points on a plane, where no three of which are
collinear.
a) How many lines are formed by these points?
Sol. Combination
C(12, 2) = 66 lines
b) How many rays are formed by these points?
Sol. Permutation
P(12, 2) = 132 rays
4. A basketball team has 12 players. In how many ways can a coach form a
playing team of 5 players?
Sol. Combination
C(12, 5) = 792 ways
5. How many 4-digit numbers of different digits can be formed from 1 to 9?
Sol. Permutation
P(9, 4) = 3,024 four-digit numbers

What Is It

Activity1: Determine whether each situation involves Permutation or Combination:

1. opening a combination lock
2. assembling a jigsaw puzzle
3. selecting members of the 6-member committee in a beauty pageant
4. forming quadrilaterals from 8 distinct points in which no three are collinear
5. four people posing for picture taking
6. choosing 6 questions to answer out of 10 questions in a test
7. top 5 winners in a car race sponsored by San Miguel Corp.
8. drawing a set of 6 numbers in a lottery containing the numbers 1 to 48
9. the number of handshakes made by 20 guests in a party
10. assigning seats to guests at a dinner party
11. selecting 5 posters to hang out of 12 different posters
12. forming a 6-digit license plate from the digits 1 to 9.
Activity 2: Tell whether a given problem situation involves Permutation or
Combination, then solve:
1. In a contest with 12 entries, in how many ways can a jury award first, second,
and third prizes?
2. How many different signals, each consisting of three flags hung one above the
other, can be made from eleven different flags?
3. A student has ten posters to pin up on the walls of his room, but there is space
for only seven. In how many ways can he choose the posters to be pinned up?
4. If a student is to answer any six questions on a test containing fifteen questions,
in how many different ways can the student choose the questions?
5. After a baseball coach has selected his team of nine members, in how many ways
can the coach prepare a batting order?
6. A football conference consists of eight teams. If each team plays every other team,
how many conference games are played?

35
 7. A museum has fourteen paintings to hang and eight vacant locations, each of
which will hold one painting. In how many ways can these eight locations be filled
up by the paintings?
8. There are 14 different pens in a carton. How many different sets of 11 pens can
be chosen?
9. How many different 6-digit license plates can be made from 1 to 9 if no digits may
be repeated?
10. Given 11 points on a plane, where no three of which are collinear. How many
hexagons can be formed?

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following situations involve permutation?
A. opening a combination lock.
B. forming polygons from the given 8 points on a plane, no three are collinear.
C. choosing 5 of your classmates to attend the seminar workshop
D. the handshakes done by the guests in a wedding party.
2. Which of the following situations involve combination?
A. assigning seats to guests at a party
B. assembling the jigsaw puzzle
C. selecting the paintings to hang out of the 10 different paintings.
D. entering the PIN of your ATM
3. Given 9 points on a plane, where no three of which are collinear, how many rays
can be drawn? A. 72 B. 64 C. 96 D. 100
4. Three cards are selected at random from a standard deck of cards. In how many
ways may we select 3 cards such that all are aces?
A. 10 B. 4 C. 6 D. 10
5. An urn contains 10 bulbs of which 3 are defective. In how many ways can we
select 4 bulbs such that all are non-defective?
A. 35 B. 56 C. 60 D. 72

Week 5- Day 3 – 4:
What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. If a bookshelf has space for five books and there are ten different books available,
how many different arrangements can be made of the five books on the shelf?
A. 1520 B. 30240 C. 1440 D. 50400
2. How many different 5-member committees each can be chosen from a group of
12 persons?
A. 540 B. 640 C. 792 D. 1080
3. How many different hands of five cards each can be dealt from a standard deck
of 52 cards?
A. 1,440,000 B. 3,024,000 C. 324,000 D. 2,598,960

36
4. If four persons enter a bus in which there are ten vacant seats, how many ways
are there for the four persons to be seated?
A. 5,040 B. 1,520 C. 2,880 D. 2,520

5. Six people volunteer to help put out a fire. In how many different ways can they
lined up in a row to hold the hose?
A. 540 B. 624 C. 840 D. 720

What’s In
Many problems are concerned with the number of ways a set of objects can be
arranged, combined, or chosen, or the number of ways a succession of events can
occur. The study of such problems is called combinatorics.
Permutations of a set of arrangements of the elements of the set. Often, we
are concerned only with the number of ways we can select elements from a set. These
are combinations. The number of permutations of a set of n objects taken r at a time,
𝑛!
denoted by: P (n, r) = nPr = (𝑛−𝑟)!
The number of combinations of a set of n objects taken r at a time is given by:
𝑛!
C (n, r) = nCr = (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!

What’s New
Let’s discuss some examples on applications of the concepts of permutations
and combinations of n objects taken r at a time.
Example 1. A well-known chain of pizza parlors has eleven different kinds of toppings
they can put on their pizzas. How many different kinds of pizzas could they make
using five of the toppings?
Solution: This problem involves combination with n = 11, r = 5, then C (11, 5) = 462
kinds of pizzas
Example 2: Suppose that prestige license plates are made using exactly 4 of the 26
letters in the alphabet. How many different prestige plates could be made if all 4
letters are different?
Solution: This problem involves permutation with n = 26, r = 4, then P (26,4) =
358,800 prestige plates
Example 3: Eight songs are to be rendered in a program. In how many different orders
could they be rendered?
Solution: This problem involves permutation with n = 8, r = 8, then P(8, 8) = 40,320
orders
Example 4: In how many ways may a buyer choose twelve dresses from sixteen
different styles?
Solution: This problem involves combination with n = 16, r = 12, then C(16,12) =
1,820 ways

What Is It

Activity 1: Solve the following problems:

1. In how many ways can a 5-player starting unit be selected from a 12-member
basketball squad?
2. How many codes can be made from the letters a, b, c, …, j if codes consist of three
different letters?

37
3. If six persons enter a bus in which there are thirteen vacant seats, how many ways
are there for the thirteen seats to be occupied by these persons?
4. In how many ways may the five finalists be chosen from twenty contestants?
5. A store manager wishes to employ 7 checkers from six men and nine lady
applicants. Find the number of ways of employing the seven.
6.In how many ways can eight motorcycles be parked in a row?
7. A fruit stand sells nine different varieties of apples. How many different ways can
the names of the apples be arranged on a sign?
8. If there are fourteen teams in a basketball league and each team must play every
other team in the eliminations, how many elimination games will there be?
9. In how many ways can ten students arrange themselves for picture taking?
10. In how many different ways can the seven bicycles be parked if there are twelve
available parking spaces?
11. How many different rays can be formed from eleven distinct points on a plane,
no three of which are collinear?
12. Mrs. Tan plotted eight distinct points on the board, no three of which are collinear
and asked her students to draw all the possible line segments. Find the total number
of line segments that they can possibly draw?

Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. How many ways can a person select 7 television commercials from 11 television
commercials?
A. 330 B.420 C. 540 D. 650
2. A buyer decides to stock 8 different posters. How many ways can he select these
8 if there are 14 from which to choose?
A. 3,600 B.3,003 C. 1,008 D. 4,200
3. In how many ways can a class elect the president, vice president and secretary
from a class of 20 students?
A. 1,200 B. 4,400 C.6,840 D. 5,480
4. If four persons enter a bus in which there are ten vacant seats, how many ways
are there for the ten seats to be filled up?
A. 6000 B. 8,400 C. 3,200 D. 5,040
5. In how many ways can a committee of 6 be selected from 12 qualified candidates?
A. 655 B. 875 C. 924 D. 735
References:
Bluman, Allan G. (2014). Elementary Statistics: A Step By Step Approach, Ninth Edition, New
York: Mc Graw Hill Education.
Callanta, Melvin M, et. Al. (2015), Mathematics Learner’s Module, First Edition, Deped
Complex Pasig City: DEPED Instructional Materials Council Secretariat: Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Foerster, Paul A. (1980), Algebra and Trigonometry: Functions and Its Applications, Menlo
Park, California, USA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Leithold, Loius, College Algebra and Trigonometry, Pacific Palisades, California: Addison
Wesley.
Marasigan, Jose A. (2004), Advanced Algebra with Trigonometry and Statistics, Makati City:
The Bookmark, Inc.

Smith, Stanley A. (2003), Algebra 2 With Trigonometry, First Lok Yang Road, Singapore:
Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

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