DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONENTAL

ENGINEERING

ENVS 304

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

AUTHORS:
SINAKEKELO MBINGO 20000138
OLEBOGENG RATLHOGO 20000158
KATLEGO B. SESUTHO 20000489
BASETSANA SABONE 20000501
KENNEDY BAAKILE 20000613
AOBAKWE ADAM 20000487
KITSO MAROKU 20000171
CHEVULA ZAMBE 20000621
Table of Contents
PROJECT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................4
PROJECT OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................4
PROJECT LOCATION..........................................................................................................5
PROJECT DESIGN...............................................................................................................7
PROJECT JUSTIFICATION.................................................................................................8
Location......................................................................................................................................9
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT..................................................................................................9
Climate...................................................................................................................................9
Air quality............................................................................................................................10
Surface and underground hydrology and quality.................................................................11
Soils......................................................................................................................................11
ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES................................................................................................12
Fauna....................................................................................................................................12
Flora.....................................................................................................................................13
Forests..................................................................................................................................13
Socio – Economic VECs..........................................................................................................14
Monthly Income...................................................................................................................14
Population............................................................................................................................15
Employment Rate.................................................................................................................16
Cultural heritage...................................................................................................................16
ANTICIPATED IMPACTS......................................................................................................17
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS............................................................18
EVALUATION OF IMPACTS.................................................................................................28
IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE......................................................28
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT.............................39
Scheduling Alternative.........................................................................................................39
Location alternative..............................................................................................................40
Route alternatives.................................................................................................................41
MITIGATION MEASURES....................................................................................................42
MONITORING PLAN.............................................................................................................45
Monitoring Plan Objectives.................................................................................................45
REPORT AND CONSULTATION.......................................................................................50
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................51
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
The project description will provide a detailed overview of the proposed project, i.e., Mall of
Maun. This section is essential in helping to understand the nature and the scope of the
project. This includes its objectives, location, size, design, as well as project justification.
This section is crucial to identifying potential environmental impacts of the project and to
proposing mitigation measures. Overall, the project description is a critical component of the
EIA report that provides a comprehensive understanding of the proposed project and its
potential impacts on the environment. The project is proposed to commence May 1, 2022 and
be completed September 2023.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES
1. To Capture tourist spending: Maun is a world-renowned tourist attraction destination
as it is the gateway to the Okavango Delta, so opening a mall of this caliber can help
capture tourists spending of which the money can be used elsewhere.
2. To Enhance the village's image/ infrastructure: A new mall can be seen as a symbol of
progress and development, which can enhance the town's image and attract more
visitors. This can help position the town as a modern and vibrant destination for
tourists and businesses alike.
3. To diversify the local economy: A new mall can bring in new businesses and
industries to the town, which can help diversify the local economy. This can reduce
the town's reliance on a single industry, such as tourism, and make it more resilient to
economic downturns.
PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed Mall of Maun project is set to be built in the third largest town, Maun which is
situated within the geographical coordinates of 19.9902° S, 23.4205° E in the North-Western
district of Botswana, Ngamiland district. It is a dynamic blend of contemporary structures
and traditional huts. There are shopping centers, banks, dining establishments, a few hotels,
and a few lively pubs. Maun is the tourism capital of Botswana and the administrative center
of Ngamiland. It is also the headquarters of numerous safari and air-charter operations.

Figure 1: Map of Botswana highlighting Maun. Source: http://www.madbookings.com/botswana/information/maun-

botswana.html

The proposed solar power plant will be located on a 2-hectare site alongside the Tawana I
road in Borolong Ward the site is located within a close proximity to the Maun Lodge,
Tsodilo Community Jr Secondary School, Maun Environmental Educational Centre, Maun
General Hospital, and Botswana Meat Commission also, the proposed mall development will
be located on a site adjacent to a major river that runs through the town. The site is to be
situated in the flood plain of the Thamalakane River which connects to the Okavango Delta,
i.e., approximately 500m away from its banks, which is a very sensitive environmental area.
The site is currently undeveloped and is located approximately 2 kilometers from the nearest
residential area. There is an already operating mall is the Trans Cash and Carry mall that is
nearly 200m away from the site. Part of the land has been cleared up and is used by the local
football teams as their football pitch. Currently there are no known areas of cultural
significance that could be affected by the building of the mall.
Figure 2 and 3: Mall of Maun Project macro locality maps (red highlight). Source: Google Maps
PROJECT DESIGN
The Gross Leasable Area of the project is 19 145 m2 and the retail space is 3438 m2 with the
parking space occupying about 2/3 of the area (AFRICA, 2022). The building is expected to
host 63 maximum tenants. It is a single-story building with the parking lot facing away from
the floodplain for various reasons including, Flood protection: A floodplain is an area of land
that is prone to flooding during heavy rainfall or when a river overflows its banks. To protect
the vehicles parked in the lot, it's best to place the parking lot in a location that is away from
the floodplain. This helps to prevent the vehicles from being damaged or swept away in the
event of a flood and also for improved accessibility. Since the project is proposed to be built
on a floodplain, potential flood risks should be taken into account these include such as
placing critical infrastructure at higher elevations and ensuring adequate drainage. The design
plans for the proposed mall are as follows;

Figure 3: The lease plans for the project

PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
Demand for Retail Space: There is a demand for retail space in the area, which in turn has
created a need for the construction of a mall. This was due to a growing population of Maun
from 55 748 in 2011 to 94 643 in the 2022 population census, increasing income levels of
residents due to income from socio economic activities taking place in the town like tourism,
or a lack of existing retail space in the area.
Creation of employment for locals: The construction phase of the project can provide
temporary employment opportunities for a wide range of skilled and unskilled workers, such
as carpenters, electricians, plumbers, and laborers. These jobs can help to stimulate the local
economy by providing income for workers and generating demand for local goods and
services. Once the mall is completed and operational, it can also provide long-term
employment opportunities for a wide range of workers, such as retail sales associates,
security personnel, maintenance staff, and administrative personnel. The mall can also
provide opportunities for small businesses to operate within the mall, such as kiosks or pop-
up shops, which can create additional job opportunities. The ‘Mall of Maun’ project has been
projected to create an excess of 4500 employment: 2000 positions at construction phase and
2,500 once the mall becomes operational.
Increased Tax Revenues: The operation of a successful mall can generate significant tax
revenues for the local government, which can be used to fund public services and
infrastructure projects.
Access to Goods and Services: The construction of a mall can provide local residents with
access to a wide range of goods and services, which can improve their overall quality of life.
For example, the anchors for this mall are proposed to be Edgar’s shop, Checkers as well as
Roco Mama’s. These are shops that were initially not available in the area and may improve
the standard of living of Maun residents.
Location
The proposed new mall is located along the Thamalakane River in Maun. Tame malls, a
citizen-owned real estate development and management firm, is building the mall on a plot
along Tawana 1 road and the Thamalakane River. It is being hailed as a mall that will
stimulate tourism in Maun and improve infrastructure development in the area. The
department of environmental affairs (DEA) has confirmed that the mall is being built on a
sensitive environment site. The project is built on a floodplain which is within the Ramsar
Site but outside the UNESCO World Heritage Property core zone. The selected area was used
as a football ground and domesticated animals could freely graze on the grass around before
the area was fenced. A field study was carried out on the selected location and surrounding
areas, and interactions were made with some of the stakeholders. These include the
businesses such as the Maun Lodge, the Borolong ward community. The Chiefs Guest House
working personnel and the Trans-cash and carry manager. They were interviewed to find out
their general perspective on the construction of the mall. In addition, the value environmental
components were identified, and photographic images were captured. Addition, the value
environmental components were identified, and photographic images were captured.

Figure 4: Location of the Maun Mall Site

The following are the valued environmental components which were identified to be relevant
to the mall of Maun project.

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Climate
The rainfall is high in intensity between November and February with an average of 82mm
and minimum rainfall of 0 mm in July and August. The average annual rainfall is 625mm.
There are high temperatures all year round. The mean maximum temperature is about 36
degrees Celsius, and the minimum average temperature is 10.7 degrees Celsius. These high
temperatures and rainfall allow for crop development all year round, enabling farmers to have
two cropping seasons. The following figures show the rainfall and temperature distribution in
Maun.
Air quality
The air quality in the proposed project area is generally clean. There are no nearby industrial
factories that produce dangerous fumes and gasses that may pollute the environment. As the
project commences, there will be air pollution from the dust particles caused by increased
vehicle movement on dusty, dry roads and the bare ground at the site of construction.
The pollen in the area is high in spring and summer since there is a high population of
flowering tree, just as Figure 5 shows the air quality in spring time with the Air Quality Index
of 46 Ultrafine Particulate Matter, 33 Coarse Particulate Matter and 63 Ozone molecule.
Figure 5: Air Quality chart for 16 Oct

Figure 6: Air Quality chart for 16 April

Surface and underground hydrology and quality

The Thamalakane River is the immediate water resource around the proposed project area.
The water in this river has a fair quality and therefore, it will not require intensive water
purification processes. However, the water will require some purification to be used for
domestic purposes. The aquatic life in the river also proves that the water quality is good
since they depend on the water.
Thamalakane River is a 1 700km long river. The existing Water Supply System comprises a
combination of surface water and groundwater systems. The river is a seasonal river, and it
did not have a lot of water flow when the student team visited the selected mall site.

Figure 7: Local Water Tank collecting water from the Tamalakane River, taken by S. Mbingo

Soils
The dominant soil type in the area is grey sandy-loamy soil. This soil type is not useful for
agronomy because it has a very high-water permeability, and because it is light in weight
which makes it prone to erosion.
Resource depletion
The annual flooding into floodplains allows for the development of feeding and breeding
habitats for many species of invertebrates, fish, and amphibians whose eggs and young can
thrive in the shallower water and find cover from predation amongst the emergent vegetation.
Construction of the mall of Maun in this floodplain will eat and for the breeding animals as a
result they will relocate therefore the area will be left without fish for the fishers and other
invertebrates and amphibians for the tourists. The trees and underground together serve as
other habitats for the animals such as birds and rodents. The carrying out of ground
preparation activities such as clearing of land involve cutting down of these trees that are of
importance to these animals.
ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Fauna
The animal life found around this area and surrounding the Thamalakane River is as follows:
fish, tadpoles, snails, crocodiles, and hippopotamus of which all depend on the water from
this river.
There are birds that live on trees as well as underground animals such as burrowing owls,
underground rats, and underground rats. Other animals include domesticated cows, donkeys,
and goats. There are no animals or resources of wildlife and tourism importance.

Figure 8: Snail moving around the environment, taken by K. Sesutho

Figure 9: Image of an ant hill, taken by K. Sesutho

Flora
The plant life to be found around the Thamalakane River are the water lilies (Nymphaeaceae)
and green algae in the river and water reeds (Phragmites australis) by the river.

Figure 10; Image of palm tree found near the river, taken by K. Sesutho

Figure 11: Image of water lilies found in the Tamalakane River, taken by S. Mbingo

Forests
There are also trees around the proposed project area such as the mopane trees
(Colophospermum mopane) shrubs, acacia thorns, acacia seeds, acacia tortilis and the
umbrella tortilis, palm trees which all can be found on the dry land where the mall will be.
These trees are used for shade, timber, fruits, fuel and for ornamental purposes.
Figure 12: Image of the trees that make up the forest and habitant of the fauna, taken by S. Mbingo

Socio – Economic VECs

Monthly Income
For a person currently working in Maun can earns as low as 2 440.00 BWP and as high as
43 000.00 BWP. Most residents in the community of Maun make an average of 9 640.00
BWP. These monthly average salaries include the different sectors such as, Housing,
Transportation, Health care, and Education sector (Salaryexplore-Consultants, 2023).

Figure 13: Chart showing the monthly incomes residents get per population percentage
Population
The population of local residents in Maun is estimated to be 55 784 people, and this number
includes range of ages from under the age of 6 to over 80 years (BDEEX, 2022).

Figure 14: Chart showing the population distribution of Maun

Employment Rate
The employment rate in Maun seems to be high since out of 55 784 people which is the
population of Maun, an estimate of 27 334 people are employed which 49% of the
population. Then there’s 15 062 elders who are pensioners which is 27% of the population
and 11 715 officially unemployed people and the make up 21% of the populations (BDEEX,
2022)

Figure 15: Chart showing the employment rate of the Maun community

Cultural heritage
Maun has a variety of traditional artisans. Along the roads and in small markets you can find
wood carvings, wall hangings, and metalwork, but what Botswana is known for is weaving.
These intricately woven baskets are strikingly beautiful and range in size from as small as a
dinner plate to as large as a piece of luggage (Stein, 2019).
Figure 16: Mopane worms is a Traditional dishes in known in Maun.

ANTICIPATED IMPACTS
1. The will be positive impacts on the surrounding businesses and vendors since there
will be a new platform for them to showcase their goods and services. Below is a
nearby guest house that ran out of business and has a potential of being renovated and
be brought back to life.

Figure 17: The Wild Guest house that ran out of business

2. There will be deforestation just as the figure below shows, and high consumption of
water, which is drawn from the Tamalakane River.
Figure 18: Cutting down of trees as an act of clear the site

3. The will employment rate might increase during the construction and operation stage
of the mall. Thus standard of living for the community of Maun will be improved.
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS
As the Maun Mall project commences, it is necessary that the legal and administrative
frameworks are taken into consideration so that the community of Maun and the environment
are protected from all activities that are to take place. This section of the report addresses all
the relevant policies, regulations, codes and acts that are used to guide the project in order to
ensure sustainable use of natural resources so that in the end the environment is left in good
shape and the natural resources are still available to use by the people of Maun and future
generations to come.
The following are the acts, policies and codes that were found to be relevant to the project:
 Environmental Assessment Act (Act No. 10 of 2011)
 Waste management act
 Water act
 Botswana National Water Policy
 National Health Policy
 Employment Act
 National Policy on HIV/AIDS
 Tribal Land Act
 Building Control Act
 Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Board (PPADB) code requirements
 Town and Country Planning Act
 Development Plan and Development Control Code
 Atmospheric Pollution (Prevention) Act

The information about all of this is represented table 1 below. The table contains the different
policies, codes and acts, when they were established, what they stand for and how they relate
to the project in general.
Table 1 showing the relevant policies, regulations and acts, their year of development, what they address, how they are relevent to the project and the authority they are under

Policy, Act or Year of What it addresses Relevance to the project Authority it is under
Regulation development
Environmental 2011 “An Act to assess the potential effects of The act shows that it is necessary that an EIA Department of
Assessment planned developmental activities; to report be made because the project is done in Environmental Affairs
Act determine and to provide mitigation measures an area that it considers a sensitive area. This (DEA) Botswana
(Act No. 10 of for effects of such activities as may have a is done to find out if the activities of the
2011) significant adverse impact on the project will not have any adverse impacts on Ministry of
environment; to put in place a monitoring the area and how they can be mitigated. If Environment, Natural
process and evaluation of the environmental necessary, the EIA report will show if the Resources
impacts of implemented activities; and to location should be changed. Conservation and
provide for matters incidental to the Tourism
foregoing.”

Waste 1998 “An Act to provide for the establishment of This is to ensure that all the waste Department of Waste
management the Department of Sanitation and Waste accumulated in the project is accounted for in Management and
act Management; to make provision for the terms of how it is going to be disposed of and Pollution Control
Chapter 65:06 planning, facilitation and implementation of in what way. This is all to make sure that the (DWMPC)
advanced systems for regulating the environment, community and animals do not Botswana
management of controlled waste in order to suffer from pollution done by the project Ministry of
prevent harm to human, animal and plant life; activities. Environment, Natural
to minimise pollution of the environment, to Resources
conserve natural resources; to cause the Conservation and
provisions of the Basel Convention to apply Tourism
in regulating the trans-boundary movement of
hazardous wastes and their disposal; and for
matters incidental to and connected to the
foregoing.”
Water act 1968 “An Act to define the ownership of any rights Because the project is near the Thamalakane Department of Water
to the use of water; to provide for the grant of river and water is to be drawn from there to and Sanitation
Chapter 34:01 water rights and servitudes; and to make be used, a Water Rights Application is Ministry of Land
provision incidental thereto.” required to be able to be given permission to Management, Water
draw water from the river. and Sanitation
Services

Botswana 2012 “The Objective of the National Water Policy Encourages the sustainable use of water from Ministry Minerals,
National Water is to provide a national framework that will the Thamalakane river to ensure that it is still Energy and Water
Policy facilitate access to water of suitable quality accessible to all after the project ends. Resources
and standards for the citizenry and provide the
foundations for sustainable development of
water resources in support of economic
growth, diversification and poverty
eradication.”
National health 2011 “This National Health Policy bears the slogan As the Maun Mall commences, this policy Ministry of Health
policy ‘Towards a Healthier Botswana’, implying aims at making sure that the health of the
that the provision of health services is not just community is prioritised looking at the
merely curing the sick but also promoting adverse impacts that the project might cause
healthy lifestyles in order to prevent which may affect human health.
diseases/ill-conditions for all people living in
Botswana.”
Employment Act 10, 2010 “An Act to repeal and replace the Since a lot employment opportunities arise Ministry of
Act Employment Act in order to amend the law starting from the construction process of the Employment, Labour
Chapter 47:01 relating to employment, to make project, the aim of the act is to make sure that Productivity and
comprehensive provision therefor and to contractors do not exploit employers in terms Skills Development
provide for matters incidental thereto and of wages and labour and also ensure equal
connected therewith.” opportunities to all regardless of HIV/AIDS
status, gender, etc.
National 2012 “The objective of the National Policy on HIV As the project commences, there is a lot of Ministry of Health
Policy on and AIDS is to: 2.1.1 Prevent the spread of socialization that is going to happen and as such the
HIV/AIDS HIV infection and reduce the socioeconomic need to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and other
impact of this disease. 2.1.2Create a policy sexually transmitted diseases is necessary.
environment for the provision of adequate and
equitable care and support to those infected and
affected with HIV and AIDS. 2.1.3To reduce
HIV and AIDS related stigma and
discrimination towards persons infected with or
affected by HIV and AIDS and draw attention
to the compelling public health rationale for
overcoming stigmatization and discrimination
against them in society. 2.1.4Promote
coordination in order to enhance
implementation of the National Response to
HIV and AIDS. 2.1.5Provide platform to
support legislative and legal reform that
recognizes the impact HIV and AIDS has on
individual and community rights.”
Tribal land act 1968 “An Act to provide for the establishment of For Maun Mall to be built, tribal land which is the Department of
tribal Land Boards: to vest tribal land in such land of the people of Maun, was allocated by the Lands
Chapter 32:02 boards; to define the powers and duties of such Tribal land board of Maun for such a development.
boards and to provide for matters incidental Because it is land acquired for commercial Ministry of Land
thereto.” purposes, the act shows that an application for Management,
common land law rights is required. Also according Water and
to the act, a Memorandum of Agreement of Lease is Sanitation Services
to be signed which is a legally binding contract
between the Land Board (lessor) and the plot holder
(lessee). The lessee is expected to comply with the
lease requirements amongst which is payment of
annual lease rentals.
Building 1962 “An Act to authorize the making of building As a lot of buildings are going to be built in Department of
Control act regulations and to provide for matters the Maun Mall project, this act ensures that all Infrastructure
incidental thereto.” the regulations relating to the construction of Development
Chapter 65:02 these buildings, the materials used, the
ventilation and lighting and the height of the Ministry of
buildings are followed accordingly. Infrastructure and
Housing Development
(MIH)

Public 2023 It states the minimum requirements for For a big project like this, professional and Department of Project
Procurement contractor registration looking at Code 01 - skilled contractors are needed as well as and Infrastructure
and Asset Building Construction Works and quality building materials. This makes sure Planning
Disposal Maintenance, Sub code 01 - Building that the quality and strength of building are
Board Construction and Sub code 03 - Pre-fabricated not compromised so that it lasts longer and Ministry of
(PPADB) code buildings. does not put anyone at risk. Infrastructure and
requirements Housing Development
(MIH)
Revision No.
03

Town and 1980 “An Act to make provision for the orderly and Maun Mall is a project aimed at developing Department of Town
Country progressive development of land in both Maun and bringing more services to the and Country Planning
Planning act Urban and rural areas and to preserve and people of Maun. As a developmental and Ministry of Land
improve the amenities thereof; for the grant of commercial project, a Planning and Building Management, Water
Chapter 32:09 permission to develop land and for other Permission is required. and Sanitation
powers of control over the use of land; and for Services
purposes ancillary to or connected with the
matters aforesaid.”
Development 2013 “All land development projects must go Maun Mall is a commercial project that Ministry of Local
Plan and through the planning permission process and conforms to the Development Plan and Government Planning
Development receive approval from Ministry of Local Development Control Code as established by
Control Code Government Planning authorities before they local Planning Authorities. As such, an
can begin. The application will be reviewed application for planning and building
by the local authority and may involve permission is required so that whatever
consultation with other authorities or development made is known beforehand and
ministries depending on the nature of the approved.
proposal. After such review the application
will be taken to the Physical Planning
committee for a decision.
Appeals of decisions by the Planning
Authorities may be filed with the Land
Tribunal.”

Atmospheric 1971 “An Act to provide for the prevention of the This act aims at making sure that air pollution Department of Waste
Pollution pollution of the atmosphere by the carrying on is avoided in the Maun Mall project. That is Management and
(Prevention) of industrial processes and for matters to say, all activities done in the project are not Pollution Control
Act incidental thereto.” to cause any harm to the atmosphere and if it
Chapter 65:03 is unavoidable, the aim is to find ways to Ministry of
minimize the impact. Environment, Natural
Resources
Conservation and
Tourism
PUBLIC / STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
Public participation is the involvement of people and organizations who may be interested in or
who may be negatively or favorably impacted by a proposed intervention that is the subject of a
decision-making process. All parties with a stake in the project's success are allowed to actively
engage in management and planning decisions. Experience has demonstrated that involving
people in the planning and design stages of a proposed project can be advantageous for everyone
involved. Organizers of a project may include ideas for people’s interests and concerns in the
design of their project, thereby preventing future project delays, escalating costs, and avoiding or
lessening consequences.

OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

o To reduce conflict through the early identification of contentious issues.
o To take account of the information and views of the public in the EIA and decision-
making.
o To obtain local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision-making.

LEVELS AND FORMS OF PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

1) Informing. This is a one-way flow of information from the proponent to the public
2) Consulting public. It is a two-way flow of information between the proponent and the
public
3) Participating. Proponent and public discussion
4) Negotiating. Face-to-face discussions between the proponent and important stakeholders
to forge a consensus and find a solution that is agreeable to both parties

EXAMPLES OF KEY STAKEHOLDER GROUPS

o Advisory: Research institutes, universities, and colleges.
o Implementation: Relevant ministries/departments at national, regional, and district levels,
training organizations, private companies, and NGOs.
o Funding: Development assistance agencies, banks, entrepreneurs, taxpayers; and
o Conservation: Environment departments, museums, wildlife departments, botanical
gardens.
o Political: Members of Parliament (MPs), local councilors.
o Cultural: Community and religious leaders, community service groups, community
organizations /NGOs, and traditional leaders.
o Business: Business leaders, trade unions, resource owners and those with tenure rights,
common property resource users
STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION
o Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA)
o Maun residents
o Project managers
o Environmentalists
o Local businesses
o Tame Malls Chief Operations Officer
o Government of Botswana
o Maun Chie

HOW STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT WAS CARRIED OUT

On the 13th of March this year we went to a random mall in Maun and interviewed (orally) 10
individuals about the Mall of Maun which is currently being built. We selected individuals from
different fields such as shop managers, taximen, students, self-employed individuals hairdressers,
etcetera for our interview. Below are the questions which we designed to ask them,
1) Are you aware of the Maun project?
2) How do you think it has or will affect your life?
3) On a scale of 1-10, what do you feel about the main project?
4) How do you feel the mall is going to affect your business?
5) The best alternative to building a mall
6) What was the use of the area before the construction of the Mall?

About 60% of the people we interviewed were aware of the project from the start while others
got to know it by seeing construction in progress. Most of them seemed excited about the project
as they stated that it will bring new job opportunities to residents etc. Business people expect a
few are happy that they will be able to extend their shops to the new mall such as
Nandos,choppies, furnmart , etc and some of them will win tenders to supply materials such as
stationary, etcetera to the new mall. Others were not happy as they stated that competition in
business will rise and some will even lose their customers to the new mall. However, we
encountered a language barrier as some of the people did not understand English (our questions
were drafted in English so we had to translate into Setswana when asking them) and the tone of
people there differs from ours so it was not easy to understand one another. Below states the
issues, concerns, and suggestions that were raised during the interview
COMMUNITIES CONCERN
o Environmental damage: People worry that construction activities may harm tswii flora
and the habitats of worms, snakes, fish, and other creatures. Some residents were worried
that they would no longer be able to fish from that location to support their families by
selling it or eating it at home due to the development of the new mall.
o Some people claimed that small business owners, including farmers and car washes, took
advantage of the river as their source of water. Due to the construction of a mall there, it
won't happen again.
o Some believe that with the introduction of the new mall competition in the market and
client demand will increase, and their businesses will begin to experience losses.
Someone once said that since Maun already has a lot of malls, there was no need to build
anymore.
o Noise and air pollution. People living around the area worry about the noise the machines
generate as well as the smoke and dust that is being released from that side due to the
ongoing development.
o Someone highlighted the concern that robbers might increase as a result of the shrubs
beside the river, hide there, and target customers from the mall.

COMMUNITIES EXPECTATION
o As more shops and services are constructed, people living there hope that the new mall
will generate possibilities for employment. Owners of supply companies occasionally
dream about winning contracts from the new mall.
o The residents of Maun, which is a popular tourist destination, think that the new mall will
make the area more beautiful, which will increase tourist attraction.

SUGGESTIONS
o Since Maun has few roads, which causes traffic to be backed up and delayed, one of the
interviewers who works as a cab driver suggested that a road should have been
constructed instead of the mall.
o The others suggested building a lodge instead of a mall because they believed it was
necessary given that Maun is a tourist destination and that a lodge along the river would
be the ideal location.
EVALUATION OF IMPACTS
IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE
This section identifies, analyses, and classifies these impacts that could arise from the activities
of the project, either during the Pre-construction phase, Construction phase and Operation phase.
The impacts apply as well on the socioeconomic environment (health, security, and economic
activities) and on the biophysical environment (fauna, flora, water, air, and soil).

These impacts can be positive or negative where positive impacts will actively promote
opportunities and negative impacts will cause disadvantages. The impacts can be direct or
indirect where direct impacts arise as a direct result of an activity that takes place at the same
time and in the same place as the action while indirect impacts occur at a later date and can be
separated from the location of the action. The impacts can also be long-term or short-term where
long-term impacts are felt for a longer period of time and can take years and immediate impacts
the effects are felt for a short period of time. These impacts can also be reversible or irreversible
where reversible impacts are those that the effects can be turned around and the system is
brought back to its original state whereas with irreversible impacts the system cannot be returned
to its original state after the impacts are felt. This chapter also describes the impacts as
cumulative or noncumulative where cumulative impacts are those that cause changes to the
environment by the combined impact of past, present, and future human activities and natural
processes and noncumulative impacts cause changes to the environment right away. The impacts
described in this chapter can also be regional or local where regional impacts will have effects on
a certain region and local impacts only affect the area of interest. The impacts can be recurring or
nonrecurring where recurring impacts occur repeatedly, and nonrecurring impacts are most
unlikely to happen again. These impacts are described in this chapter.

IMPACTS CLASSIFICATION

The impacts are classified, and their range varies in magnitude and importance. The magnitude
of these impacts is classified according to the following criteria:
 Effects on the health of plants and animal species
 Effects on endangered plants and animal species
 Reduction of the diversity of plants and animal species
 Loss of habitats for animals
 Transformation of natural landscapes
 Impacts on the human health
 Effects on the present use of available natural resources
The criteria of classification of the impacts as being important are according to:
 Size and geographical extent
 Magnitude
 Duration and Frequency
 Irreversibility

IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

Impacts are identified based on the project phases which include.

  Preconstruction phase- During the preconstruction phase, a strategic plan for the project
is created, project designs are created, permits are secured, and labor and resources are
gathered, the land is prepared for construction. The groundbreaking activities are carried
out during this phase, the land clearing and soil exploration activities are done in this
phase.
 Construction phase- This phase involves the physical processes of building the actual
structures. In this case the Mall of Maun structures
 Operation phase- The operation phase is when the mall is up and running, the shops are
open for business.

POSSIBLE IMPACTS DURING THE PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Table 2: Impact Classification during the pre-construction phase.

IMPACT CAUSES CLASSIFICATION

Employment opportunities. The local community will be Positive, long term and direct
able to work with the impacts
contractor during land
preparation where they will
be paid salaries and wages.
This will improve their
standard of living due to an
increase in income.

Great construction experience Preconstruction give the team Positive

and increased value benefits a clear strategy and plan to
to the project follow throughout the project,
it also allows the
Construction Manager to get
an in-depth understanding of
the project which ultimately
leads to better alignment with
the client's vision.

Boost the pride of the Maun During this phase the locals Positive, long term and direct
locals about their developing are informed about the impacts.
area coming project which they
will be happy about as it is
intended to bring some
developments in Maun. As
people feel more and more
pride in their community,
they invest in it with their
time and money as a result
more and more developments
will come into Maun.
Soil Erosion This involves loss of fertile Negative, short term and
topsoil due to the movement direct impacts
of heavy construction
vehicles into and out of the
construction site and the soil
being washed away by other
agents such as wind as the
soil will be left uncovered
during land clearing. This
will result in loss of fertile
soil that could be used for
agricultural purposes
Soil Compaction This will result because of Negative, short term and
heavy construction vehicles indirect impacts
moving in and out of the
construction site. The soil
structure is destroyed, and the
soil becomes useless to other
uses such as agriculture
Loss of habitat for some During the land clearing Negative, long term and
fauna species and biodiversity process, there will be cutting direct impacts.
reduction down of trees. Some of the
trees are a source habitat for
some animal species such
birds. The cutting down of
trees will result in some
animals relocating from the
area due to lack of place to
find habitat.

POSSIBLE IMPACTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Table 3: Impact Classification during construction phase.

IMPACT CAUSES CLASSIFICATION

Employment opportunities The project owner will hire a Positive, long term and direct
construction company for the impacts
construction of the mall. The
local community will gain
from this opportunity as they
will work with the
construction company to
build the mall. This improves
the standard of living of the
local community.
Development of small The construction of the mall Positive, short term and direct
businesses will result in the development impact
of local small businesses such
as food caterers near the
construction site to supply the
construction workers.

Improvement of Infrastructure development is Positive, long term indirect

infrastructure the construction of basic impacts
foundational services in order
to stimulate economic growth
and quality of quality of life.
During the construction of the
mall facilities such as access
roads will be built together
with the mall hence
improving the infrastructure
of Maun
Increased noise levels Construction activities such Negative, short term and
as soil excavation result in direct impacts.
increase in noise levels. There
are residential plots and
businesses (e.g., Maun
Lodge) close to the
construction site, the noise
will disturb the business
activities of the nearby
businesses including the
people at their homes
Contamination of surface and There will be pollution of Negative, long term impacts
underground water sources water bodies, the
Thamalakane river, due to oil
leaks and improper waste
disposal. The quality of the
water will be lowered. The
water is used for domestic use
and is a source of habitat for
fish and other aquatic life
which when the river is
contaminated, they will suffer
Degradation of air quality During the construction phase Negative, long term and
there will be the introduction direct impacts.
of harmful substances such as
dust and gas emission (e.g.,
carbon monoxide) into the
atmosphere. This will result
 in the contamination of the air
quality which is harmful to
human health.
Risk of the increase in the When people getting a better Negative, long term indirect
spread of Sexually income this can cause them to impacts.
Transmitted Diseases (STD's) resort to unsafe behaviors
such as buying prostitutes.
This will cause an increase in
the rate of STDs
Risk of accidents The process of construction Negative
involves some risks that the
workers are exposed to. They
work with dangerous
machinery and work at high
heights, as a result they are
exposed to more risks of
accidents. This is a risk to
human health.

POSSIBLE IMPACTS DURING THE OPERATION PHASE

Table 4: Impact classification during operation phase.

IMPACT CAUSE CLASSIFICATION

Promotion of tourism The mall is located near the Positive
Thamalakane river, more
tourists will be attracted to
the area due to easy access to
services that the mall will
provide. More tourists result
in more business ventures
such as accommodation
businesses. Tourists bring a
source of foreign currency to
the government.
Increase access to services When the mall is in the Positive, long term and direct
and facilities operation stage, there will be impacts
more businesses offering
different services. Businesses
such as banks and shopping
stores will be there. More
businesses mean easy access
to services by the local
community and tourists.
Improvement of general
welfare for the local
community as a result of
increased income- The local
community will be able to
work at the newly established
mall. As they earn their
monthly salaries, they will be
able to provide for their basic
needs and wants.

Increased economic activities The construction of the mall Positive

will result in more businesses
such as shopping stores being
established in the mall and
street vendors around it.
Businesses such as
accommodation businesses
(e.g., Maun lodge) will have
more customers as the mall
will bring more tourists in the
area
Payment of taxes to the local As more businesses will be Positive, long term and
and central government established in the mall, they indirect impacts.
will be paying income tax to
the government. Some
employees who will be in the
income tax paying bracket
will be paying tax to the
government. Other people
will be paying value added
tax on the goods and services
they will be getting. The tax
is a source of income for the
government.
Improved aesthetic value of New always looks good. The Positive, long term and
Maun newly constructed mall will indirect impacts.
 improve the looks of the area
including the Thamalakane
river. This will improve
tourism as it is intended.

Increase business competition Competition encourages Positive, long term and direct
businesses to improve the impacts.
quality of goods and services
they sell to attract more
customers and expand market
share. More businesses also
mean the customers will have
a variety of options to choose
from. The Maun locals and
tourists will get better deals at
high quality
Traffic congestion When the mall is up and Negative, long term and
running, movement of people direct impacts.
around the area will increase
as they would want to go to
the mall. The area already has
more traffic volume, and the
road is a one-way street.
Traffic congestion will result
in more travel time, hence
affecting business activities
and the daily lifestyle of the
locals
Increased waste production When businesses are running, Negative impacts
there will be waste generated
such as rotten food staff from
supermarkets and other
unused staff from other
stores. There will also be
people littering around the
mall. More waste generated
when not disposed properly
will result in the pollution of
the river and the land. This is
a hazard to marine life, even
to human health.

Increase in crime As more people will be Negative. Long term impacts

attracted to the newly built
mall, amongst these people
 there will be thieves. They
will be targeting facilities
such as Automated Teller
Machines (ATMs), shops and
stealing from individual
shoppers. Crime is a threat to
human safety.

IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE
To estimate the magnitudes of project impacts of the human environment and the biophysical
environment the matrices method was used. A matrix is grid-like table that is used to identify the
interaction between project activities and environmental components. The matrices used are the
Unweighted Matrix, Weighted Matrix and the Leopold Matrix.
UNWEIGHTED MATRIX
The Unweighted matrix only shows the magnitude of the impacts on the environment whereas
the Weighted matrix shows the impact significance on the environment as a function of impact
characteristics (magnitude) and impact importance (value), that is:
Impact significance = impact characteristics (magnitude)* impact importance (value)
Table 4: Unweighted Matrix.

ENVIRONMENTA
L PARAMETER PROJECT ACTIONS
EQUIPMEN
WASTE T CONSTRUCTIO
DISPOSA SITE TRANSPOR N OF IMPACT
L CLEARING T STRUCTURES SCORE
Water Quality -3 -3
Air Quality -2 -2 -2 -3 -9
Soil -1 -4 -1 -5 -11
Flora -2 -5 -7
Fauna -3 -3
KEY
(+): Positive Impact 3 = Moderate Impact
(-): Negative Impact 4 = Major Impact( long term)
1 = Negligible Impact 5 = Severe Impact(permanent)
2 = Minor Impact
WEIGHTED MATRIX
Weights are assigned to indicate the importance of the affected environmental components and
therefore the relative significance of the impacts.
VALUE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS AND THE ASSIGNED WEIGHTS
• Water Quality- A weight of 0.2 is assigned as the water from the river is used for
domestic use such as drinking spot for livestock and it is a source of habitat for the fish
and other aquatic life.
• Soils- A weight of 0.05 is assigned because the fertile topsoil is a supporting structure to
the vegetation in the area.
• Air quality- A weight of 0.2 is assigned as the air quality is important to human health,
animal and food to the local community.
• Fauna- A weight of 0.1 is assigned as the wildlife attract tourist e.g., birds and they
balance the ecosystem.
• Flora - A weight of 0.3 is assigned because the vegetation is a source of habitat to some
animal species. Some plants such as water lilies are a source of food and income to the
local community.
Table 5: Weighted Matrix

ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETER PROJECT ACTIONS
CONSTRUCTIO
WASTE SITE EQUIPMENT N OF IMPACT
DISPOSAL CLEARING TRANSPORT STRUCTURES SCORE
Water Quality -3(0.2) -0.6
Air Quality -2(0.2) -2(0.2) -2(0.2) -3(0.2) -1.8
Soil -1(0.05) -4(0.05) -1(0.05) -5(0.05) -0.55
Flora -2(0.3) -5(0.3) -2.1
Fauna -3(0.1) -0.3

LEOPOLD MATRIX
The Leopold matrix is a two-dimensional matrix cross-referencing: the activities linked to the
project that are supposed to have an impact on man and the environment and the existing
environmental and social conditions that could possibly be affected by the project.
Table 6: Leopold Matrix.

ENVIRONMENTA
L PARAMETER PROJECT ACTIONS
EQUIPMEN
T CONSTRUCTIO
WASTE SITE TRANSPOR N OF
DISPOSAL CLEARING T STRUCTURES
-4 -4
Water Quality

Air Quality
-4 88 -6 4 -7 5 -3 2
Soil -2 -8
4 6 5
-4 -10 -6 -10
Flora -1 -9 -1
2 6 2 -3 4
2 -5 4 -4 14
Fauna

KEY
Magnitude
Importance
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Scheduling Alternative
This refers to timing of the project’s activities in a way that they do not interfere with the
environments way of life while not setback the projects schedule. The best time to build the mall
is during the day because it will cost less to pay for the fuel to power the lights, it will be safer
because there will be enough light for workers to see what they are doing, and it won't disturb the
nearby residents because most of them will be at work or school. Even when the daytime is
great, workers' productivity may suffer due to the high heat.
Table 7: shows scheduling alternatives.

Time Minimize Minimize Site safety Practicality Total

noise impacts Economic
cost

daytime 4 3 3 4 14

Nighttime 2 2 1 2 7

Legend
1 = site does not meet the criterion
2 = intermediate decision
3 = site meets criterion in part
4 = intermediate decision
5 = site meets criterion in full
Location alternative
Location alternatives refers to the various possible sites where a planned project or
development might be built. To discover and evaluate the environmental implications of the
planned project or development in many prospective places, examining location alternatives
is a crucial step. This can assist in choosing the alternative that is the most sustainable and
environmentally friendly while minimizing any adverse effects on nearby residents, natural
resources, and the ecosystem. For the Mall of Maun there are alternative sites that can be
considered because of the current location of the site being on a floodplain which is a very
sensitive area.
The current location has proven to be the best when compared to Thito and Boseja. Though
the current location is at harm for pollution and overflooding, Thito and Boseja do not offer
easy access as they are far from where people and tourists live. The mall of maun is meant to
attract people and since the mall of maun is near a road with a lot of traffic it will be able to
achieve its goal unlike if it were hidden in the Thito and Boseja area. The cost of redesigning
and relocation to these areas would cause a financial burden and delay the project that is
needed by the community. However, Thito and Boseja do not directly pollute the river and
the limited access to these areas will result in less air pollution due to the lack of traffic.
Table 8: shows location alternatives.

Possible Minimize Minimize Improves tourism Ease of access Total score

sites economic impacts on
cost water quality

Boseja 2 4 2 1 7
Thito 2 4 2 1 9

Current 3 1 4 4 12
location

legend
5 = site meets criterion in full
4 = intermediate decision
3 = site meets criterion in part
2 = intermediate decision
1 = site does not criterion
Route alternatives
Route alternatives refer to many prospective routes that the project’s transportation could take
which are assessed in an environmental impact assessment to ascertain their potential
environmental, social, and economic implications.
The road that will be used to access the Mall of Maun Site is the Tawana I road. Already the
road has a lot of traffic on it as people cars use to get to work, to access home, tourists use it
to get to the popular Maun Lodge etc. Having trucks going back and forth on the road to
access the site could lead to traffic congestion, accidents, and destruction of the road due to
the heavy loads on the road. Hence to combat this, a temporary gravel road could be
constructed as a means for the trucks to access the site without being disruptive to the traffic.
This however would require a lot of time and money to be constructed which would set back
the project.

Figure 16 :(showing different routes that can be used, red existing alternative route, blue
creating gravel alternative route, black main route) (Google Maps)
Table 9: shows route alternatives.

Route Increase Minimize Minimize Score

Road Safety Air Economic
Pollution Cost

Main Road 2 3 3 8

Create alternative road for trucks 5 4 2 11

Legend
5 = site meets criterion in full
4 = intermediate decision
3 = site meets criterion in part
2 = intermediate decision
1 = site does not criterion

MITIGATION MEASURES
Table 10: shows route alternatives.

IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES

1. Increased  Ensure that the machines used at the site are in good conditions
noise levels to reduce noise generation.
 Covering the metal equipment like corrugated iron with rubber
to reduce noise vibration.
 Adding noise barriers to block the direct path of sound waves
from the source of the noise, protecting the community from
the noise exposure.
 Providing safety equipment for workers to protect their hearing.
 Using sound absorbing materials (foam padding) to cover noisy
machinery like generators.

2. Contamination  Always keep the road and footpath to the site clean. This will
of surface water. prevent silt and other pollutants from running off into any
bodies of water.
  Keep materials such as sand or cement secure. Materials must
be located where there isn’t a risk of them being washed into
waterways or drains.
 The construction workers must be taught how to properly
dispose of waste so that it does not end up in the water.
 Using bioremediation to neutralize or remove the pollutants
from the water source.

3. Degradation of  Where possible use hand tools and make use of manual labour
air quality  To prevent too much dust coming from the site, water can be
sprinkled on the area where the construction is taking place.
 Waste should never be burnt as this causes smoke which
releases poisonous gases like carbon dioxide and sulphur into
the air.
 The number of construction equipment operating shall be
minimized through efficient management practices.

4. Risk of the  Making contraception readily available for those who work on
increase in the the site e.g., providing a box of condoms.
spread of STDs  Ensure that there is proper hygiene in the construction site.
 Provide free first aid kits to be prevent handling of injuries and
open wounds with bare hands.

5. Risk of  Ensure that the people working in the site are provided with
accidents protective clothing and they have it on at all times.
 People who are working in the site should have proper training
on how to use the equipment provided for construction.
 The machinery and tools used in the site should be maintained
to ensure that there a less accidents.
 Meetings on safety should be held often so that the workers
never forget the rules they must follow.

6. Soil erosion  Minimize the amount of soil that is disturbed during

construction by avoiding unnecessary grading and excavating.
 After the project completes, typical landscaping must be done
to minimize any potential of soil movement.
 Use of barriers such as riprap, turbidity barriers, soil nails, earth
walls, and concrete blocks. To prevent erosion on a
construction site, drainage is also crucial.
 As soon as construction is finished, replant vegetation to help
stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.
 Open areas should be paved as soon as the project is finished so
that the land is not bare.

7. Loss of habitat  Avoid construction of a project in areas where there is high

for some fauna biodiversity.
species and  Educate the public about the importance of biodiversity and the
biodiversity potential impacts of construction on wildlife and ecosystems.
reduction
  Create alternative habitats to compensate for any loss of habitat
resulting from construction activities e.g planting native
vegetation, creating nesting sites, or constructing artificial
habitats.

8. Soil  Avoid working on the site after heavy rains as wet soil can be
compaction easily compacted.
 Using temporary construction mats which include wood, plastic
or composite material to ensure that the weight of heavy
equipment is evenly distributed to reduce soil compaction.
 Spread thick layers of mulch over any locations that might
occasionally receive traffic while construction is ongoing. In
locations with high traffic, placing sheets of plywood on top of
the mulch will assist spread the weight.
 Practice the use of light weight during construction to reduce
compaction on the soil.
 Harvest and store topsoil carefully for reuse in situations where
compaction cannot be avoided.

9. Traffic  To avoid traffic interruptions, schedule work during off-peak

congestion traffic hours wherever possible which includes working late or
on weekends when traffic is lighter.
 Use various communication channels to inform the public about
the construction project and its potential impacts on traffic
flow.
 Encourage motorists to travel on parallel transit lines or to use
car and van pools.
 Ensure that emergency services are aware of the construction
project and have access to the site in case of an emergency

10. Waste  Consider ways to reduce waste generation by using

production prefabricated materials and minimizing packaging.
 Ensure that waste is properly disposed of, either by landfilling,
or waste compaction and follow all applicable regulations.
 Workers should be educated in suitable waste management
techniques, and the relevant materials and equipment should be
made available.
 Ensure that the correct amount of material needed is ordered.
 Donate materials that are in good condition, such as cabinets,
windows, and doors, to local charities or organizations that can
put them to good use.

MONITORING PLAN
Monitoring Plan Objectives
1. To evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures implemented to minimize
environmental impacts.
2. To track the progress of the identified impacts over time.
3. To determine if additional actions are needed. Monitoring the identified impacts can
help to further reduce or eliminate the impact of the Maun mall project.
4. To communicate the results of the impact monitoring to stakeholders.

MONITORING PLAN FOCUSES ON IMPACTS DURING:

1. the pre-construction phase.
2. the construction phase.
3. the operation phase.
RAMETERS TO BE INDICATORS METHODOLOGY FREQUENCY
NITORED MONITORING
ployment opportunities. Number of Jobs Created; This Reviewing Payroll Data: it can Weekly during pre-
indicator measures the total number of be analysed to determine the construction and
jobs created by the project. number of jobs created by the construction phases.
project the types of jobs and
salaries.
at construction experience Quality of construction; measures the Employee Surveys: can be Monthly during pre-
increased value benefits to quality of construction work carried conducted among customers to construction and
project. out for the project which includes gather feedback on their construction phases.
evaluations of construction materials, experiences during the
adherence to project plans and construction.
specifications.
st the pride of Maun locals The percentage of Maun locals who Conduct surveys or interviews: Monthly during pre-
ut their developing area. express satisfaction and pride in their Surveys or interviews can be construction and
developing area in community surveys. conducted with Maun locals. construction phases.
erosion. Soil Loss: Soil loss is a direct measure Field Measurements: Field Pre-construction, du
of the amount of soil that has been measurements involve taking construction, and po
eroded from a particular site. It can be physical measurements of soil construction phases.
quantified by measuring changes in erosion using equipment such
soil depth over time. as erosion pins.
s of habitat and Species diversity: The reduction of Vegetation and wildlife Pre-construction, du
iversity reduction. biodiversity can be indicated by surveys. construction, and po
changes in the number and variety of construction phases.
species in an area.
compaction. Soil penetration resistance: Soil Soil testing: Soil samples can Pre-construction, du
penetration resistance is a measure of be collected from the project construction, and po
the force required to push an site and analysed in a construction phases.
instrument into the soil. laboratory to determine the
soil's density and other
physical properties.
Table 7Monitoring Plan during the pre-construction phase.
 METERS TO BE INDICATORS METHODOLOGY FREQUENCY O
ITORED MONITORING
yment opportunities. Number of Jobs Created; This indicator Reviewing Payroll Data: it can be Monthly during
measures the total number of jobs created analysed to determine the number construction phase
by the project. of jobs created by the project the
types of jobs and salaries.
opment of small Number of New Small Businesses: Business Surveys can be Monthly during
sses Tracking the number of new small conducted among small construction phase
businesses established in the area around businesses in the area to gather
the Maun mall. data on their growth and
development.
vement of Increase in property values: Improved Site visits: Regular site visits can Monthly during
ructure. infrastructure can lead to an increase in be conducted to observe the construction phase
property values, as the area becomes progress of infrastructure
more desirable to live and work in. improvements of the Maun mall
project.
sed noise levels. Sound pressure levels (SPL): This Noise level measurements using Monthly monitorin
measures the level of noise in decibels sound level meters during construction
(dB). phase.
mination of surface pH: pH is a measure of the acidity or Water quality testing of surface Weekly monitoring
derground water alkalinity of water. and groundwater, sediment during construction
analysis. phase.
dation of air quality Particulate Matter (PM): PM is a mixture Air quality monitoring stations, Weekly monitoring
of tiny particles that can cause respiratory sampling, and testing. during construction
problems and other health effects. phase.
f the increase in the Number of reported STD cases. Community surveys can be used Pre-construction a
of STD’s to assess knowledge and practices during construction
related to sexual health in the
local population before and after
the development project
f accidents The frequency of accidents can be used to Road safety audits can be used to Pre-construction, d
indicate the overall risk of accidents assess the safety of the road construction, and p
associated with the project network in the project area. construction phase
Table 8 Monitoring Plan during construction phase.

METERS TO BE INDICATORS METHODOLOGY FREQUENCY

ITORED MONITORING
tion of tourism. Number of tourists: Tracking Visitor Surveys: Conducting visitor surveys Monthly during
the number of tourists can provide insights into the number of operation phase.
visiting the area can provide tourists visiting the area, their demographic
a clear indication of whether information, the length of their stay, and their
the promotion of tourism is feedback on the tourism facilities and
effective. services.
sed access to services Service Usage: Monitoring Customer Surveys: Surveys can be conducted Annually during
cilities. the usage of services and among customers to gather data on their operation phase.
facilities can help track experiences with accessing services and
changes in demand and facilities. This may include feedback on the
utilization. An increase in availability, quality, and affordability of
usage may indicate increased services.
access
vement of the general Household income: Household surveys: Conducting household Annually during
e for the local Monitoring the income levels surveys can provide insights into the changes operation phase.
unity as a result of of households in the local in the standard of living, quality of life, and
sed income. community can provide general welfare of locals as a result of
insights into whether the increased income.
project is resulting in
increased income for locals.
sed economic Employment: The number of Economic Impact Assessments can be Annually during
es. jobs created or supported by conducted to evaluate the impact of the operation phase.
the project can be used as an project on the local economy. This may
indicator. include analysis of employment data, tax
revenues.
nt of taxes to the local Tax revenue: Monitoring the Review of financial records: Reviewing Annually during
ntral government. tax revenue generated by the financial records such as tax receipts, operation phase.
project can provide insights invoices, and bank statements can provide
into the project's impact on insights into whether the project is meeting its
the local and central tax obligations to the local and central
government's finances. government.
Table 9 Monitoring plan during operation phase.
RAMETERS TO BE INDICATORS METHODOLOGY FREQUENCY
NITORED MONITORING
oved aesthetic value of Public perception: Public opinion surveys: Conducting surveys Annually during
n. Perception surveys can be among the local community and visitors to operation phase.
conducted to gauge the the area can provide feedback on whether the
public's perception of the aesthetic improvements are meeting their
aesthetic value of the Maun expectations and improving their overall
mall area. experience around the Maun mall area.
eased business Market trends: latest market Key Performance Indicator (KPI) tracking: Annually during
rtunities. trends, including changes in Establish specific KPIs that will help you operation phase.
consumer behavior and measure the success of your efforts to
technology advancements. increase business opportunities.
ulation growth. Population density: This Census data: Census data is a valuable Annually during
refers to the number of source of information on population growth. operation phase.
people per unit area, such as
per square kilometer.
fic congestion. Level of service (LOS): Traffic counts can be used to measure the Pre-construction, du
LOS is a measure of the number of vehicles passing through a construction, and
quality of service provided particular area over a given period. This can construction phases
by the transportation system provide information on traffic volumes and
and is typically based on patterns.
factors such as travel time,
speed, and delay.
eased waste production. Waste Management Plan Tracking Waste Disposal; The project Monthly monito
Compliance: an evaluation developer can be required to track and report during construction
of the project's waste on the amount of waste generated and the operation phases.
management plan to ensure disposal methods used.
that it is being implemented
properly.
ease in crime. Number of reported crimes. Crime statistics from local law enforcement Monthly monito
agencies can be used to track changes in the during operation ph
number and type of crimes in a specific area
Table 10 Monitoring plan during operation phase.
REPORT AND CONSULTATION
The monitoring results will be compiled and analyzed periodically throughout the
construction and operational phases of the Maun Mall project. Reports will be prepared and
submitted to the relevant regulatory agencies, project developers and other stakeholders. The
reports will contain the following information:

1. Monitoring objectives: A summary of the monitoring objectives and the parameters

that were monitored.

2. Monitoring methodology: A description of the monitoring methodology, including the

sampling and analysis techniques, equipment used, and quality control procedures.

3. Monitoring results: A summary of the monitoring results, including any exceedances

of environmental standards or regulations.

4. Data interpretation: An interpretation of the monitoring results, including an analysis

of the potential environmental impacts of the project and recommendations for
mitigating any adverse impacts.

5. Future monitoring plans: A description of the monitoring activities planned for the
next reporting period.

6. Consultation and engagement: A summary of the consultation and engagement

activities undertaken during the reporting period, including any concerns raised by
stakeholders and how they were addressed.

Consultation with stakeholders will be an ongoing process throughout the monitoring period.
Regular meetings will be held with regulatory agencies, project developers, and other
stakeholders to review the monitoring results, address any concerns, and discuss any
necessary actions to mitigate environmental impacts. The consultation process will also
include opportunities for public input, such as public meetings and the provision of
information on the project website. All feedback received from stakeholders will be recorded
and considered in the development of future monitoring plans and mitigation measures.

REFERENCES
AFRICA, R., 2022. Retail Africa. [Online]
Available at: https://retailafrica.co.za/assets/ra_mallofmaun_brochure.pdf
[Accessed 14 April 2023].
BDEEX, 2022. Botswana Maun Stats. [Online]
Available at: https://bdeex.com/naselenie/botswana/maun/
Salaryexplore-Consultants, 2023. Average Salary in Maun 2023. [Online]
Available at: http://www.salaryexplorer.com/salary-survey.php?loc=254&loctype=3
Stein, A., 2019. See Maun, Botswana, like a Nat Geo Explorer. [Online]
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/explorers-guide-4