TLHALOSO YA SEMELO SA MOANEGWA

OINGWALONG TSA SEPEOI

ENNIAH MATEMANE LEKGANYANE

E neelwa bjalo ka karolo go ya ka dinyakwa tsa dikrii ya

LEFAPHENG LA THUTABOMOTHO

MOHLAHLI: PROF M. J. MOJALEFA

© University of Pretoria
1.1 Matseno 1-2

1.2 Maikemisetso 3

1.3 Mokgwanyakisiso 3-5

1.4 Taetsonyakisiso 5-8

1.4.1 Diteng 8-9

1.4.2 Thulaganyo 9 -10

1.5 Tlhaloso ya dikgopolo 11-13

1.5.1 Moanegwa 13 -17

1.5.2 Tlhaloso ya semelo sa moanegwa 17 -19

1.6 Tshepediso ya ditaba 19 - 20

2.1 Matseno 21

2.2 Diteng Ie Thulaganyo 21 -23

2.2.1 Baanegwa ba diteng 23

2.2.1.1 Mongangisi ("quarrelsome person") 24

2.2.1.2 Mongangiswa ("kind-hearted person") 24

2.2.2 Baanegwa ba thulaganyo 25

2.2.2.1 Molwantshwa 25 -26

2.2.2.2 MolwantShi 27 -28

2.2.2.3 Mohlohleletsi 28 - 29

2.2.3 Baanegwa ba moko wa ditaba 30

2.2.3.1 Moanegwahlaedi 30 - 32

2.2.3.2 Moanegwaphethegi 32 - 34

2.3 Kakaretso 34- 35

3.1 Mekgwa ya go hlalosa semelo 36

3.1.1 Matseno 36

3.1.2 Mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go nepisa 36

3.1.3 Mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go siroga 37

3.1.4 Seo mongwadi a se bolelago ka moanegwa 38 - 50

3.1.5 Seo baanegwa ba bangwe ba se bolelago

ka moanegwa 50 - 53

3.1.6 Ge moanegwa a itlhalosa 53 - 59

3.1.7 Kakaretso 60

4.1 Matseno 61 -63

4.2 Moanegwahlaedi 63 -66

4.3 Moanegwaphethegi 67 -69

5.1 Moanegwahlaedi 70

5.1.1 Matseno 70

5.1.2 Noto-ya-Masogana 71

5.1.2.1 Baanegwa 71 - 74

5.1.2.2 Dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya 75 -79

5.1.2.3 Ditiragalo 80 - 96

5.2 Kakaretso 96

6.1 Nnete Fela 97

6.1.1 Matseno 97 -107

6.1.2 Dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya 107 - 108

6.1.3 Ditiragalo 108 - 115

6.2 Kakaretso 115-116

7.1 Moanegwaphethegi 117

7.1.1 Matseno 117 - 120

7.1.2 Masetlapelo 120 -123

7.1.3 Dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya 123 -125

7.1.4 Ditiragalo 125 - 136

7.1.5 Dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya 136 -137

7.1.6 Ditiragalo 137 - 148

7.2 Kakaretso 148

8.1 Tladi wa Dikgati 149

8.1.1 Matseno 149

8.1.2 Semelo sa Tladi 150 - 152

8.1.3 Dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya 152 - 153

8.1.4 Ditiragalo 153 - 158

8.1.5 Kwelobohloko ya phatose 158 - 160

8.1.6 Kakaretso 160 - 161

9.1 Thumo 162

9.1.1 Matseno 162

9.1.2 Kgaolo ya pele 162 - 165

9.1.3 Kgaolo ya bobedi 165 - 166

9.1.4 Kgaolo ya boraro 166

9.1.5 Kgaolo ya bone 167

9.1.6 Kgaolo ya bohlano 167 -168

9.1.7 Kgaolo ya boselela 168

9.1.8 Kgaolo ya bosupa 169

9.1.9 Kgaolo ya seswai 169 - 170

9.1.10 Papetso 170 - 172

9.1.11 Kakaretso 172

Dipuku tsa motheo 173

Dipuku tsa teon tse di tsopotswego 174 - 185

Ka ngwaga wa 1927 go gatisitswe Aspects of the Novel ke Forster. Le

lengwe la mahlakore a padi lea Ie hlaloswago ke baanegwa ("people"). Ge

a bolela ka ga bona letlakaleng la 68 0 re go na Ie baanegwahlaedi ("flat

characters") Ie baanegwaphethegi ("round characters"). Moanegwahlaedi

ke wa lehlakore Ie tee gob a wa sekwero.

o re semelo sa moanegwahlaedi se ka hlaloswa ka go somisa lefokwana

Ie tee. 0 emela kgopolo ye e itsego; ge e Ie bosaedi, 0 tlo saetsa nako ye

nngwe Ie ye nngwe ge a hlaloswa. Ke ka lebaka lea moanegwa yoo a

lemogwago ka pela ge go bolelwa ka ga gagwe. Gape mmadi ga a mo

lebale ka pela ge go kile gwa hlaloswa semelo sa gagwe.

Mohola wo mogolo wa baanegwa ba mohuta wo ke gore ba hlaloswa

gatee fela, ga ba fetoge, ba tsosa atmosfere ye e itsego, gantsi ya

sekwero. Ge kanegelo e ka ba ye e raraganego, Forster (1927:68) 0 re

go swanetse go ba baanegwa ba mehuta yeo ye mebedi. Ge aruma

polelo yeo ya gagwe, 0 re kanegelo ya masetlapelo ga se ya lebana Ie

moanegwahlaedi, ka gobane:

"People who are fit to perform tragically for

any length of time ... can move us to any

 feelings except humour and

appropriateness." (Ietlakala 70).

Forster 0 re moanegwaphethegi ke wa mahlakore a mabedi Ie go feta fao.

Ke ka lebaka lea a rego:

"The test of a round character is whether it is

capable of surprising in a convincing way"

(Ietlakala 75).

Ge a sa makatse, ke moanegwahlaedi; ge a sa kgodise ke

moanegwahlaedi yo a dirago e ke ke moanegwaphethegi. Baanegwa baa

ke ba ba kgodisago, ka gobane ba swantsha tharano ya bophelo bja

bokgonthe.

Seo Forster a se tsweleditsego ke mehuta ye mebedi ya baanegwa.

Polelo yeo e ile ya ba Ie khuetso ye kgolo, Ie banyakisisi ba mehla yeno ba

sa kgethologanya baanegwaphethegi Ie baanegwahlaedi. Ka go realo

Forster ke mongwadi yo bohlokwa ka ge e Ie yena wa mathomo wa go

hlalosa mehuta ye ye mebedi ya baanegwa.

Maikemisetso a nyakisiso ye ke go hlalosa mehuta yeo ya baanegwa, e

lego moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi, ka gobane ditlhaloso tsa

borateori ba bangwe ga di nepise ditaba tseo ka tshwanelo. Mareo ao a

mabedi a somisitswe la mathomo ke Forster (1927), fela tlhathollo ya ona

e sa na Ie mathata, kudu ge a hlalosa moanegwaphethegi. Ke ka lebaka

lee go tsomegago tlhaloso ye e tletsego ya mareo ao. Gape ge ditaba

tseo di ilo nyakisiswa go tlo hlokomelwa Ie mekgwa ya go hlalosa semelo.

Dikgopolo tseo tsa moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi ga di laolwe ke

mokgwa wa go hlalosa semelo sa moanegwa.

Lengwalonyakisiso Ie Ie lebane Ie mekgwa ye mebedi ya go nyakisisa e

lego mokgwa:

Wa go hlalosa.

Wa go hlatholla.

Nyakisiso ye e ya go hlalosa Ie go hlatholla mekgwa Ie mehuta ya go utolla

semelo sa moanegwa. Go ya ka mo dikgopolo tse di kwagalago ka gona 0

ka re di bolela selo se tee. Ke ka tsela yeo go nyakegago phapantsho

gore di se tlo gakantsha mmadi.

Horward (1962: 179) Ie Kgatla (2000: 17) ba bolela gore go hlalosa ke go

fa polelo ye e tseneletsego ya selo, gwa utollwa diphapantsho tsa sona

gore sebopego sa sona se sale se ikanegile molaleng.

Ke ka lebaka leo Serudu (1987: 25) a rego go hlalosa ke go tsweletsa ka

mantsu sebopego, seemo goba kamano ya selo se tee Ie tse dingwe.

Gabotse ge go bolelwa ka go hlatholla ke ge go gatelelwa mesomo ya

diphapantsho tsa sengwalo. Ke ka fao Serudu mo letlakaleng la

masomepeditlhano a hlalosago kgopolo yeo ka go e amanya Ie kwesiso ka

gore 0 re go hlatholla ke go hlalosa sengwalo go laetsa gore se a

kwesisega.

"It means understanding; understanding

language of a text, and understanding its

meaning and theme(s)."

Go ka thwe go hlatholla ke go tsinkela ka sedi gore go be Ie kwesiso ya

sengwalo. Go realo go ra gore ditaba di re go hlaloswa gwa sitlelwa ka

mabaka (Mojalefa, 1995: 30).

Go ruma dikgopolo tse, Phala (1999: 6) 0 bolela gore go hlatholla ke go

gatelela mesomo ya diphapantsho tsa seo se hlaloswago

Nyakisiso ye e ya go nepisa mokgwa wa narotholotsi; wona 0 bolela ka

sebopego sa sengwalo. Basekaseki ba pele ga "Russian Formalism" ge

ba sekaseka sengwalo ba be ba nepisa nyakisiso ya bona Ie bophelo bja

mongwadi. Go realo go ra gore tshekatsheko ya bona e lebane Ie

sengwalo Ie mongwadi. Seo se ra gore dilo tse pedi tseo, e lego sengwalo

Ie mongwadi ba be ba sa di farologantshe. Ke ka fao Jefferson (1986: 26)

a rego:

The "homespun" view of literature had

tended to see literature either as an

expression of an author's personality and

world-vision, or as a mimetic (that is to say,

realistic) representation of the world in which

he lived ...

o tswela pele go tiisa seo a se bolelago letlakaleng la masomepeditshela

ka go re:
 "To see a literary work as an expression of

the personality of the author leads inevitably

to biography and psychology."

Banyakisisi ba "Russian Formalism" Ie balatedi ba bona ba ile ba thulana

Ie mokgwa woo wa nyakisiso wa basekaseki ba peleng. Go ya ka balatedi

ba "Russian Formalism" go swanetse go tsinkelwa seo se lego ka gare ga

sengwalo ka ge e Ie sona se lego bohlokwa. Seo se bolela gore ge go

sekasekwa sengwalo ga gwa swanelwa go lebelelwa bophelo bja

mongwadi.

"Biography has traditionally played a large

role in literary studies, but ever since the

American New Critic raised the issue of

"international fallacy", it has been thought

that biography may actually constitutes an

obstacle to the study of literary texts. The

importance given to the author by literary

studies tends, roughly speaking, to be in

inverse proportion to the importance given to

specifically literary qualities."

 "The formalist insisted that how a work is

constructed - that is, what literary techniques

and conventions it employed - was of far

greater significance than what is said, and

accordingly should be the central if not

exclusive concern of literary studies."

Taba ye e gatelela gore mongwadi ga a bohlokwa ge go sekasekwa

sengwalo. Ke ka faD Mojalefa (1995: 82) a rumago ka go tsweletsa gore

banyakisisi ba ba thomile go nepisa popego ya sengwalo ge ba se fetleka,

ka go fapantsha diteng Ie thulaganyo. Le ge ba fapantsha dikgopolo tseo

tse pedi, ba fo gatelela kamano gare ga tsona.

Mokgwa wo wa nyakisiso ya sengwalo ke wa go fetleka popego ya

sengwalo ge e na Ie matlalo a mararo, go ya ka faD Strachan (1988: 3) a a

hlophilego ka gona. Empa nyakisiso ye ya bona e fapana Ie yeo ya

Strachan ya gore sengwalo se na Ie matlalo a mararo e lego diteng,

thulaganyo Ie mongwalelo, ka gobane Strachan 0 bolela gore letlalo lea la

boraro la sengwalo Ie lebane Ie tebelelo. Ke yona phapano ye kgolo yeo

ba fapanago ka yona, ka gobane go ya ka Mojalefa (1995: 83) letlalo la

boraro Ie lebane Ie thuto ya mongwalelo.

Groenewald (1992: 1) 0 hlalosa gore sengwalo se swana Ie legaba la eie

leo Ie nago Ie matlalo a mararo, e lego diteng, thulaganyo Ie mongwalelo.

Letlalo la diteng ke ditaba ge di lemogwa ka botsona, pele ga ge

mongwadi a bolela goba a ngwala ka ga tsona, pele ga ge a di hlalosa.

Marggraff (1994: 61) 0 t1aleletsa taba yeo ka gore:

"The fact that the story level is the basic level

of a narrative, does not mean that it is reality

- it is an abstraction of the reality (the author

has dissociated from reality)"

"The extent and degree of abstraction

depends on the author's decision. This

means for example, that when an author

decides to abstract a great deal, he/she will

write a short story or a novelette and if

abstraction is not extreme, the author will be

writing a novel (which contains far more

 information than a short story or a

novelette)" .

Marggraff 0 gatelela taba ya go akaretsa. Ke ka lebaka lea Groenewald

(1993: 4) a rego letlalo la diteng ke ditaba ge di lemogwa ka botsona. Ke

gore, diteng tseo ga di thongwe ke mongwadi.

Mahon (1988: 31), Kennedy (1989: 40) Ie Chatman (1967: 19 - 20) ba

tlaleletsa kgopolo ye ka gore diteng ke ditaba tseo e lego kgale di Ie gona

pele sengwalo se hlangwa. Ke ka faD Groenewald (1993: 8) a akaretsago

kgopolo yeo ya diteng ka gore ke kgopana e tee ya ditaba yeo e

amantshwago ke sererwa.

Banyakisisi ba go swana Ie Abrams (1985: 137), Perrine (1983: 41), Serudu

(1989: 48), Brooks (1975: 25) Heese Ie Lawton (1988: 105) Ie Serudu Ie

Kgobe (1985: 71) ba gata ka mosito 0 tee ka gore ba re thulaganyo ke tsela

yeo ditiragalo di beakanywago ka gona. Le ge go Ie bjalo tabakgolo ke seo

se hlolago ditiragalo tseo. Bangwadi ba ka moka ba kgopolong e tee, e

lego ya go anega ditiragalo tseo, Ie ka mokgwa woo ditiragalo tseo di

anegwago, ebile di hlolegago ka gona. Serudu (1989: 48) Ie Brooks (1975:

25) ba tlaleletsa taba yeo ya ditiragalo ge di tswelela ka mokgwa wa freimi

goba moth eo woo go wona mongwadi a hlamago taba ya gagwe godimo ga

wona.

Ge go ka lekodisiswa ka t1hokomelo go t1a lemogwa gore tlhaloso ya

borateori ba e fapana Ie ya Groenewald (1991: 22) ka ge yena a hlatholla

thulaganyo gore ke peakanyo ya ditiragalo tse mongwadi a ikgethetsego

tsona go di somisa ge a ngwala sengwalo sa gagwe. Taba yeo e bolela

gore thulaganyo ya sengwalo e bonala ge mongwadi a thoma go dirisa

ditaba.

Go realo go ra gore ge mongwadi a rulaganya ditaba tSeo di itSego, 0 na Ie

maikemisetso a go tswetsa moko wa ditaba pele. Kgopolo ye e tiisetswa ke

Mojalefa (1995: 8) ka gore 0 bolela gore moko wa ditaba ke lenaneo la

dikokwana lea Ie laolago thulaganyo ya sengwalo. Moko wa ditaba 0

lebane Ie tebanyo; ke tebanyo ya mongwadi. 0 na Ie se a se lebantshago

ge a tlo ngwala puku. Ke ka fao Groenewald (1993: 5) a rego go na Ie

ditsejana tsa go fapafapana tsa go rulaganya ditaba, gomme tsona

ditsejana tseo di bitswa dithekiniki. Kgopolo yeo ya dithekiniki e yo

hlaloswa ge go hlathollwa thulaganyo.

Ge go ka lekodisiswa ka tshwanelo go tlo lemogwa gore dikgopolo tse tsa

Forster di fapana Ie tsa bangwadi ba pele ga gagwe, ba go swana Ie Tietje

(1916: 111), Shaw (1914:10 -11), Cecil (1924: 68), Ie Smeaton (1925: 482

- 483). Bangwadi ba ba be ba sa hlalose mehuta ya baanegwa, eupsa ba

be ba kgethologanya baanegwa. Bona ba bolela gore semelo sa

moanegwa se ka arogantshwa go ya ka bohlale, botse, bjalobjalo. Go na

Ie baanegwa ba go loka Ie ba go se loke, ba go tuma Ie ba go se tume; ba

maemo Ie ba go hloka maemo, gape go na Ie baanegwa ba magareng.

Seo basekaseki ba ba se gatelelago ke gore baanegwa ba fapafapana go

ya ka boemo bja bona.

Bangwadi ba ka morago ga Forster, ba go swana Ie Hochman (1930: 139),

Knapp (1990: 25), Q'Connel (1996: 2); Baker (1995: 74), Bal (1980: 112)

Ntombela (1994: 5), Lamarque (1994: 78) Ie Fister (1988: 95), bona ga ba

na bothata Ie seo Forster a se ngwadilego. Ba amogela tseo a di

boletsego. Teori ye ya Forster e bile Ie khuetso ye kgolo kudu Ie go

bangwadi ba mehleng yeno.

Peters (1986: 55) 0 hlalosa gore moanegwahlaedi ke wa mahlakore a

mabedi Ie go feta. Mahlakore ao ka moka a swanetse go ba a bophelo bja

mmakgonthe.
Ge a tlaleletsa ditaba tseo 0 bolela gore ge moanegwahlaedi a hlaloswa

go swanetse go lebelelwa dipharologantsho tse nne, e lego tseo di

lebanego Ie tlhaloso ya setshaba ("national"), ka mosomo ("occupation"),

ka leago ("social") Ie ka seriti ("personality"). Taba yeo e bolela gore

moanegwa a ka hlaloswa go lebeletswe maitshwaro a gagwe setshabeng

seo a phelago go sona. Malebana Ie lehlakore la mosomo 0 hlatholla gore

moanegwa ge a Ie mosomong a ka se itshware go swana Ie ge a Ie gae,

ka tsela yeo maitshwaro ao a gagwe a mosomong a ka utoUa semelo sa

gagwe. Pharologantsho ya leago yona e tsweletsa bomotho bja motho, ke

gore motho yoo a hlaloswago ke wa mohuta mango Seriti sa gagwe Ie

sona se bohlokwa kudu ka ge se lemosa mmadi ka seo moanegwa a lego

sona. Dikarolwana tse ka moka di na Ie selo se tee seo di swanago ka

sona, e lego semelo se tee sa go swana, seo se bonwago go bathe ba

bantsi.

Ge go ka hlokomediswa go tlo lemogwa gore dikokwane tse Peters a di

boletsego ke tsa go hlalosa semelo sa moanegwa ka botlalo, e ka ba

moanegwahlaedi goba moanegwaphethegi.

Go ka rungwa ka gore ge go badisiswa ditlhaloso tse Forster a di

tsweletsago ge a bolela ka ga mehuta ya baanegwa, go tla lemogwa gore

dikgopolo tse, moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi, di lebane Ie moko

wa ditaba, e sego mosomo wo baanegwa ba 0 kgethetswego, bjalo ka

molwantshwa, molwantshi, moanegwathusi, bjalobjalo. Pele ga ge go ka

hlaloswa mosomo woo baanegwa ba kgethetswego wona Ie moko wa

ditaba, go tlo hlaloswa seo moanegwa a lego sona Ie semelo sa gagwe

Sorateori ba hlalosa gore moanegwa ke motho. Chatman (1967: 108) Ie

Makgamatha (1992:184) Ie bona ge ba hlalosa kgopolo ye ya moanegwa,

ba re ka mo pukung go tla hwetswa mongwadi a hlalositse baanegwa,

bona baanegwa bao ke batho. 0 bolela gore ge e Ie gore baanegwa Ie

batho ke selo se tee, gona kanegelo e swanetse e tsweletse kamano yeo.

Ke ka faD Chatman Iona letlakaleng lea a rego ge go diriswa melao ya

kgopolo ya motho ("psychology or personality") mo go moanegwa, e be ka

go rata, e sego ka lebaka la gore go hlokwa mekgwa ye mengwe yeo e ka

diriswago. 0 hlalosa gore moanegwa ke motho yoo a tlago ka morago ga

tiro. Seo se ra gore go ditiragatso tse dingwe, moanegwa ga a nyakege

kudu, se bohlokwa ke tiro yeo e dirwago ke moanegwa. Kgatelelo ye

kgolo e go ditiro e sego motho yo a di dirago.

Kgopolo ye ya Chatman e tlaleletswa ke Lefkovitz (1987: 5), Heese Ie ba

bangwe (1988: 121) Ie Webster (1990: 84) ka ge ba hlalosa gore

baanegwa ba papadi ke batho bao ba nago Ie ditokelo tsa bona. Sa bolela

gore baanegwa ba nnete ka mo gare ga padi e ka ba dilo tse bohlokwa

tseo tiragatso e theilwego go tsona. Sa re go bohlokwa go tseba

baanegwa ba tiragatso. Ge go tsebja baanegwa bao, go tlo lemogwa

bohlokwa bja ditiro tsa bona Ie tswalano ya bona Ie baanegwa ba bangwe.

Heese Ie ba bangwe gona letlakaleng la 121 ba hlalosa gore moanegwa

bjalo ka motho wa madi Ie nama, Ie yena 0 na Ie ditokelo tsa gagwe.

Gape moanegwa e ka se be motho fela, e ka ba selo. Selo seo se

bohlokwa kudu ka ge padi e theilwe godimo ga sona.

Go tiisa se Heese Ie ba bangwe ba se bolelago Abrams (1988: 20) 0 re

baanegwa ke bathe bao ba tsweletswago ka gare ga tiragatso goba

sengwalo. 0 re:

"Characters are person presented in a

dramatic or narrative work, who are

interpreted by the reader as being endowed

with moral, dispositional and emotional

qualities that are expressed in what they say

- the dialogue - and by what they do-action."

Moanegwa a ka dula a sa fetoge, goba a fetoga go tioga mathomong a

sengwalo go fihla mafelelong. Phetogo ya moanegwa, gantsi e tliswa ke

kgolo ye e itsego, goba mathata a itsego ao a mo hlagelago ge padi e

dutse e tSwela pele. Abrams mo letlakaleng la 23 0 re:

"Whether a character remains stable or

changes, the reader of a traditional, realistic

work expects "consistency''''.

Seo Abrams a se bolelago ke gore moanegwa ga a swanela go tlogela

ditiro tseo a bego a di dira sebakeng, a thoma ka tseo mmadi a sa di

tsebego. Gape se sengwe ke gore baanegwa ke batho ba ba phelago mo

lefaseng lea go phelago mang Ie mango Mmadi ge a bala kanegelo goba

tiragatso 0 lebeletse gore a bone baanegwa ba dira tseo di dirwago ke

motho wa madi Ie nama. Ditiro tsa gagwe di kgodise.

Ge a tswetSa seo se bolelwago ke Abrams pele Boulton (1975: 71) 0 re

baanegwa e ka ba bagale goba bagalegadi. 0 re baanegwa ba bohlokwa

ka gore ba ka kgona go gopolwa ke mmadi, eupsa mmadi gantsi ga a

kgone go gopola thulaganyo. 0 bolela gore mmadi ge a bala kanegelo 0

rata go bona baanegwa ba dira dilo tseo di dirwago ke batho ba lefase lea

ba phelago go lona.

Forster (1927: 63) ge a tsweletsa kgopolo ye ya moanegwa 0 re ka gare

ga kanegelo go na Ie baraloki ("actors"). Gantsi baraloki bao ke batho.

Diphoofolo Ie tsona e ka ba baraloki, fela ga gwa ba Ie katlego mo

tshomisong ya diphoofolo bjalo ka baraloki. Lebaka Ie legolo ke gore ga

go tsebje kudu ka ga kgopolo ya diphoofolo. Ge a tswela pele gona

letlakaleng la 63 0 re mongwadi wa kanegelo 0 hlopha mantsu ao a ka mo

thusago go hlalosa moanegwa. Go na Ie kamano ye e itsego gare ga

baanegwa Ie bophelo bja nnete ("actual life"). Gape go na Ie kama no ye e

itsego gare ga moanegwa Ie mongwadi.

Phelan (1930: 29) yena 0 fapana Ie bangwadi ba bangwe, ka gore 0 arola

baanegwa ba gagwe ka dikarolo tse tharo. 0 re:

"Characters consist of three components -

the mimetic (character as a person), the

thematic (character as idea), and the

synthetic (character as artificial construct)".

Seo Phelan a se bolelago ke gore moanegwa ke motho yo a nago Ie

dikgopolo tse di itsego, gape moanegwa 0 fela a ikagela dikgopolo tsa

maitirelo. Seo se ra gore moanegwa ka ge e Ie motho wa lefase Ie go

phelwago go lona, 0 na Ie dilo tseo a di gopolago, a di dumago, ka tsela

yeo 0 di aga ka mo mogopolong wa gagwe.

Bangwadi ba naratholotSi ba amogela ditaba tse di bolelwago ke borateori

ba fela ba oketsa ka gore ge go hlaloswa moanegwa go swanetse go

lebelelwe dielemente tse tharo, e lego ditiragalo, felo Ie nako. Baanegwa

ba swana Ie batho, mo gongwe ke batho, ka gore tse mongwadi a di

bolelago di swana Ie tse di dirwago ke batho ba madi Ie nama. Ge di sa

swane Ie tseo di tlwaetsego go dirwa ke batho ba lefase lea go phelwago

go lona, gona go ka se kwesiswe seo moanegwa a lego sona. Ditiro tseo

moanegwa a di dirago di swanetse go direlwa lefelong leo go phelago

batho ba nnete, gape Ie dinako tsa gona e be tseo di kgodisago, tseo di

tlwaelegilego.
Borateori bao ba setsego ba ngwadile ka tlhaloso ya semelo sa

moanegwa, ba re ke mokgwa woo mongwadi a tsweletsago seo

moanegwa a lego sona, go swana Ie Shaw (1976: 51) ge are:

"The creation of an imaginary person in

drama, narrative, poetry, the novel and the

short story is called characterization."

Shaw 0 bolela gore ka tlhaloso ya semelo sa moanegwa go tsweletswa

bomotho bja moanegwa. Go t1aleletsa kgopolo ye ya Shaw, Brooks (1989:

74), Cohen (1973: 177) Ie Morgan (1980:141) ba re tlhaloso ya semelo sa

moanegwa ke mokgwa wa bokgabo wa go tsweletsa baanegwa ka

mantsu, wa ba hlaola bjalo ka bathe ba madi Ie nama. Ka tsela yeo

mmadi 0 kgona go tseba baanegwa bao, a ba kwesisa Ie go ba sekaseka.

Seo se bolelwago ke borateori ba ke gore mmadi ge a tseba semelo sa

moanegwa 0 tla kwesisa bathe ba lefase lee a phelago go lona.

Ge a tswetsa taba yeo pele Chatman (1967: 107) Ie Mcarth (1961: 66) ba

re tlhaloso ya semelo sa moanegwa ke go hlaola ka go ngwala sebopego

sa motho, ditiro Ie mekgwa ya go nagana ga gagwe mo bophelong, ka

gobane ke tsona di dirago gore mmadi a tsebe gore moanegwa yoo ke

motho wa mohuta mango

 "Characterization is a narrative device used

by the author to give a human identity to the

otherwise non human figure in the story."

Tlhaloso ye e nepisa pharodipataka ka gore ke setlabelo seo mongwadi a

ka se dirisago go tsweletsa semelo sa moanegwa, ke gore go thusa go

hlatholla seo moanegwa a lego sona.

Seo se hlaloswago ke Ntombela ke gore baanegwa ba swana Ie batho, ka

tsela yeo dimelo tsa bona di swanetse go tsweletsa bomotho bja bona. 0

bolela gore boitsebiso bja moanegwa bo tSwelela mo go diphedi tseo e

lego batho. Go fapana Ie Ntombela, Serudu (1995: 7) 0 re boitsebiso bjo

bo dira gore baanegwa ba itshware bjalo ka batho. Ge a tiisa seo Serudu

ore:

""Character delineation" will be taken to

mean the manner in which an author shows

the qualities, actions, saying and reactions of

the people in his novel and how these cause

characters to behave as individual human

being."
Se Serudu a se gatelelago ke mokgwa woo mongwadi a tsweletsago

tswalano magareng ga baanegwa ba sengwalo Ie mohola wa go tsweletsa

baanegwa bao.

Seo se bolelwago ke bangwadi ba ke gore ka semelo sa moanegwa,

mmadi 0 kgona go bona motho wa lefase lea a phelago go lona,

moanegwa yoo a emelago motho wa madi Ie nama.

Kgaolong ya pele go gateletswe bohlokwa bja Forster bjalo ka mongwadi

wa mathomo wa go tsweletsa mehuta ye mebedi ya baanegwa, e lego (a)

moanegwahlaedi Ie (b) moanegwaphethegi. Go boletswe gape Ie mokgwa

woo 0 tlogo latelwa mo lengwalonyakisisong Ie.

Kgaolong ya bobedi go yo lekolwa mehuta ya baanegwa, e lego ba diteng,

ba thulaganyo Ie ba moko wa ditaba.

Kgaolong ya boraro go tla hlokomelwa mekgwa ya go hlalosa semelo sa

moanegwa, e lego (a) mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go siroga Ie (b) mokgwa

wa go hlalosa ka go nepisa.
Kgaolong ya bohlano go tlo tsinkelwa moanegwahlaedi gomme puku yeo e

tlogo nepiswa ke Noto-ya-Masogana (1954).

Kgaolo ya boselela ke tekolo ya moanegwahlaedi eupsa mo go tlo

nepiswa puku ya Nnete Fela (1989).

Kgaolong ya bosupa go tlo hlokomedisiswa moanegwaphethegi. Mo go

yona go tlo nepiswa puku yeo e lebanego Ie masetlapelo, e lego Lukas

Motsheletshele (1963), gwa tlaleletswa ka Letsogo la Molao (1984).

Kgaolo ya seswai go tlo hlaloswa moanegwaphethegi eupsa go nepiswa

puku ya phatose, e lego T1adiwa Dikgati (1971 ).

Kgaolo ya senyane ke thumo, gomme e tlo arolwa ka dikarolo tse pedi, e

lego: (a) kakaretso ya dikgaolo ka moka Ie (b) papetso magareng ga

moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi.
Mampho (1999: 5) 0 hlalosa gore diteng ke letlalo la mathomo la

sengwalo. Peck Ie Coyle (1986: 132) ba Ie hlalosa ka go re:

/bl/453><
10 I~- 4 ~ }1.3 ~
botsona, pele ga ge mongwadi a bolelalngwala ka ga tsona, pele ga ge di

hlaloswa. Groenewald 0 gatelela gore ga se mongwadi yo a hlamago

ditaba tsa diteng, eupsa 0 hwetsa di Ie gona gomme a ngwala ka tsona. 0

tswetsa kgopolo yeo pele ka go re:

'" ke tse di sego tsa rulaganywa ke

mongwadi. Di a latelana gomme tatelano

yeo e laolwa ke melao ye motho a e

tlwaetsego. Ke tatelano yeo e kwalago

(1992: 2).

Kgopolo ye ya Groenewald e tlatswa ke Mohlala (1994: 25) Ie Strachan

(1988: 5) ka gore ba bolela gore di a latelana. Ke ka faD Strachan lona

letlakaleng lea a rego:

"Hiervan is die geskiedenis die laag wat die

leser uit die verhaal kan rekonstrueer deur

onder meer die gebeurtenisse in

chronologiese volgorde te plaas."

Segolothata ke gore diteng ke histori ya ditabataba Ie ka mokgwa wo di

latelanago ka gona. Ke ka faD Groenewald (1991: 12) a tswelago pele ka

go re nyakisiso ya diteng e nolofatswa ke go hlokomelwa ga mohola wa

sererwa. Ka go realo sererwa ke kgopolo yeo e lebanego Ie diteng.

Diteng di theilwe godimo ga dielemente tse di itsego, gomme ye nngwe ya

tsona ke moanegwa. Ke ka fao Mampho (1999: 53) a rego moanegwa wa

diteng 0 lemogwa ka boyena, 0 a ikemela. Baanegwa bao ba diteng ba

laolwa ke sererwa.

Ge go lekodisiswa gabotse go tla lemogwa gore baanegwa ba thulaganyo

ke mokgwa wa mongwadi wa go somisa dielemente tsa diteng. Ke ka fao

mongwadi a somisago moanegwa yoo. Mosomo wa moanegwa wa

thulaganyo ke go tswetSa moko wa ditaba pele, ke gore mongwadi 0 mo

somisetsa tebanyono ya gagwe. Ke ka lebaka leo Lebaka (1999: 82) a

rego baanegwa ba thulaganyo ba fiwa mesomo ya go fapana, eupsa

mesomo yeo e laolwa ke moko wa ditaba.

Baanegwa ba diteng ba lebane Ie sererwa. Lebaka (1999: 10) 0 hlalosa

gore sererwa ke taba yeo e rerwago sengwalong, ke gore ke modu wa

ditaba tsa sengwalo. Taba yeo e tiisetswa ke Serudu (1989: 43) ge a re ke

seo mongwadi a ngwalago ka sona. Ke ka lebaka leo Groenewald (1991:

12) Ie Mojalefa (1994: 2) ba bolelago gore sererwa se kgokaganya diteng

gore e be kgopana e tee. Ke ka fao baanegwa bao ba bitswago

mongangisi Ie mongangiswa.
Mojalefa (1995: 6) ge a hlatholla kgopolo ye 0 re mongangisi ke

moanegwa yo mogolo yoo a ganetsanago Ie ditiro tsa mongangiswa.

Moanegwa yo 0 na Ie manganga, ga a rate go fenywa Ie ge nnete yona a

e bona. Bongangele bjo bja gagwe bo dira gore maikemisetso a mabotse

a mongangiswa a phuhlame. Se sengwe ka mongangisi yo ke gore ga a

ratege.

Kgopolo ye ya mongangiswa e hlaloswa gape ke Morton (1957: 168) Ie

Mojalefa (1995: 6) ka gore ke moanegwa yo mogolo wa go loka.

Moanegwa yo 0 rata go tswetsa pele dikganyogo tsa go loka, eupsa

mongangisi 0 mo paledisa go phetha seo. Go realo go ra gore 0 mo sitisa

go fihlelela maikemisetso a gagwe a go loka.

Go ka akaretswa ka gore baanegwa ba diteng ba bagolo ke ba babedi, e

lego mongangisi Ie mongangiswa. Mongangisi 0 lebane Ie go se ratege,

ka ge a dira ditaba tseo di tswelego tseleng, tseo di sa amogelegego.

Mongangiswa yena ke moanegwa yo a dirago ditaba tse di rategago, ke

ka fao a rategago. Bogolo bja ditiragalo tsa sengwalo di theilwe godimo

ga baanegwa bao.
Lebaka (1999: 89) 0 re mongwadi ge a thoma go rulaganya ditaba tseo

tsa diteng, ge e Ie baanegwa 0 somisitse yo mongwe bjalo ka

molwantshwa, yo mongwe bjalo ka molwantshi Ie yo mongwe bjalo ka

mohlohleletsi.

Abrams (1988: 139), Barton Ie ba bangwe (1983:26) Ie Prince (1987: 78)

ba hlalosa gore molwantshwa ke yo mongwe wa baanegwathwadi ba

thulaganyo. Ge a tiisetsa taba yeo Prince lona letlakaleng la 139 0 re ke:

"The main character, the character

constituting the chief focus of interest."

o gatelela gore ke moanegwathwadi yo bogolo bja ditiragalo bo lebanego Ie

yena. Ke ka fao Beckson Ie Ganz (1995: 217), Moss (1970: 115) Ie Serudu

(1989: 32) ba rego ke mogale ("hero") wa kanegelo goba tiragatso. Ke

yena yoo a rwelego mathata. Ditiragalo ka moka di lebisitswe go yena.

Dinakong tse dingwe 0 sitwa go fihlelela dinepo tsa gagwe ka baka la

mafokodi.
Nelson (1974: 121) Ie Phala (1999: 70) ba re moanegwa yo mediro ya

gagwe ga ya swanela go tetoga, goba yena molwantshwa a tetoga. Taba

ye ya go se tetoge ga molwantshwa goba mesomo ya gagwe e tsweletswa

ke Winks (1980: 33) ge are:

... they must be consistent trom tirst to last,

the development ot a character should not

bring about drastic changes. He should

remain the person we have always known

trom the beginning to the end.

Moanegwa yo ga a swanela go tetogatetoga mo sengwalong ka gobane 0

bohlokwa ge a bapetswa Ie baanegwa ba bangwe. Ditiro tsa gagwe ke

tsona di dirago gore mmadi a be Ie kgahlego ya go bala go isa pele, go

realo go ra gore 0 lebane Ie maatlakgogedi a mmadi.

Ge ba ruma dikgopolo tsa borateori ba Mojaleta (1995:14) Ie Nicoll (1931:

103) ba re molwantshwa ke moanegwa yoo a ka Iwantshetswago ditiro tsa

go loka goba tsa go se loke tseo a di dirago. Vena a ka Iwantshwa ke

moanegwa goba baanegwa ba bangwe.

Kruger (1991: 127), Barton (1975: 79) Ie Lazarus Ie Smith (1983: 17) ba

hlalosa gore molwantshi ke mohlodi wa mathata, bohloko Ie

matshwenyego. Ba re ke moanegwa yoo a Iwantshago molwantshwa.

Borateori ba ba gatelela gore moanegwa yo ga a loka. Polelo ya bona e

tlaleletswa ke Baldick (1990: 10 -11) ge a re ke molotsana ("villian") yoo a

thulanago Ie mogale goba mogaleadi ("hero/ine") mo kanegelong. Le ge

tlhaloso ye ya boLazarus Ie Baldick e amogelwa, eupsa ga se ka mehla

moo molwantshi a fetogago motho wa go se loke goba molotsana. Ka

dinako tse dingwe ke motho wa go loka. Vena 0 Iwantsha mesomo ya

molwantshwa ye mebotse goba yeo e sa lokago (Boshego, 1983: 84).

Gabotse go ka thwe molwantshi ke moanegwa yo mogolo wa thulaganyo, 0

na Ie mosomo woo a 0 dirago, e lege wa bolwantshi.

Go ka rungwa ditaba tse tsa molwantshi Ie molwantshwa ka gore ge go

hlokomedisiswa ka tshwanelo go tla lemogwa gore molwantshwa wa padi

ya masetlapelo ke wa go se loke eupsa mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie yena. Seo

se ra gore ga go amogelwe dikgopolo tsa borateori bao ba bolelago gore

molwantshwa ke motho wa go loka. Go tiisa se go ka tsewa Moebangedi

Motsheletshele mo go Lukas Motsheletshele (1963). Motsheletshele ke

moanegwa yoo a sego a loka, eupsa mmadi ga ~ mo nyatse, 0 ikgweranya

Ie yena. Go no swana Ie molwantshwa, molwantshi Ie ge go thwe ga se a

loka fela ge e Ie padi ya masetlapelo ke moanegwa yoo a lokilego, eupsa

mmadi ga a ikgweranye Ie yena, eupsa ga se gore 0 a nyatswa. Tabakgolo

ke gore mongwadi 0 nepisa molwantshwa.

Pearson (1976:20) Ie Maila (1997:77) ba re mohlohleletsi ke moanegwa yo

a fehlago pitsa ya mpherefere magareng ga molwantshwa Ie molwantshi.

Ke ka faD Pretorius Ie Swart (1983: 24) ba rego mohlohleletsi gantsi ke:

II the character who stands between the

two extremes ... He/She acts as a kind or

catalyst between the positive and the

negative poles".

Ke moanegwa yo a lebanego Ie thulano ya molwantshwa Ie molwantShi.

Ga a rate go bona kwano gare ga baanegwa bao ba babedi.

Go oketsa ditaba tseo Serudu Ie ba bangwe (1995: 118 - 119) ba bolela

gore ke moanegwa yoo a felago a fetola maemo a gagwe. Ge a bona

seemo sa ditaba se Ie ka lehlakoreng lea a Ie ratago, 0 thekga wa ka

godimo, molwantshwa goba molwantshi. Segolothata ke go bona gore

mahlatse a gagwe a tswa kae, ga go kgathelege gore ke molwantshwa

goba molwantshi, yen a 0 kgetha moo e lego gae ga Mahlako. Ke ka lebaka

lee Shole (1988: 230) a rego:

liKe moanelwa wa boraro e bong

motsenagare. Motsenagare 0 gabedi: fa a

Ie mpeetlane kgotsa a Ie lomao 10 10

ntlhapedi, re mmitsa molotlhanyi gonne 0

gotetsa kgotlhang".

Seo se gatelelwago ke gore ke moanegwa wa magale a mabedi, 0 tsea

ditaba a di isa ka fa, a tsea tse dingwe a di isa fale gore baanegwa bao ba

Iwe.

Go ruma ditaba tSeo tsa bohlohleletSi, Conradie (1981: 23 - 24) Ie Brewster

(1979: 90) ba re 0 lebane Ie dikarolo tsa go fapana, e lego lebaka la

thulano, morero wa kganetso, bjalobjalo. Ka gona go ka thwe ke moferehli

yoo a lebelelago gore phefo e fokela kae, go molwantShwa goba go

molwantshi, pele a ka tsea karolo.

Go ka akaretswa ka gore molwantshi, molwantshwa Ie mohlohleletsi ke

baanegwa ba bagolo ba thulaganyo. Bona ba ka lemogwa ka gore ba na Ie

mediro yeo e fapanego, e lego ya bolwantshi, bolwantshwa Ie bohlohletsi.

Forster (1927: 93) 0 re go na Ie mehuta ye mengwe ye mebedi ya

baanegwa, e lego moanegwahlaedi ("flat character") Ie moanegwaphethegi

("round character"). Mehuta yona yeo e lebane Ie moko wa ditaba. Go Ho

tsinkelwa ka moo baanegwa bao ba hlaloswago ka gona.

Ge a hlalosa kgopolo yeo Forster (1927: 93) 0 re moanegwahlaedi ke

motho wa lehlakore Ie tee ("one dimensional character") goba a ka

tsweletswa e Ie motho wa metlae ("humour"). Ge a tswela pele lona

letlakaleng lea 0 re:

"In their purest form they are constructed

round a single idea or quality: when we get

the beginning of the curve towards the

round."

Semelo sa moanegwahlaedi se ka utollwa ka go somisa lefokwana Ie tee, ke

gore 0 emela kgopolo ye e itsego, ge a lebane Ie bosaedi 0 tla saetsa nako

ye nngwe Ie ye nngwe ge a hlathollwa. Ke ka lebaka lea moanegwa yoo a

lemogwago ka pela ge go bolelwa ka ga gagwe. Taba ye nngwe ye

bohlokwa ka ga gagwe ke gore 0 sepela ka gare ga mabaka ao a itsego, ga

a mo fetose. Go ka tlaleletswa ka gore moanegwa wa mohuta wo ge a tilwe

mosomo 0 a 0 phetha Ie ge a sa atlege mo bophelong. Le ge go Ie bjalo 0

tsweletswa ka bokgwari mo kanegelong ya metlae.

Moanegwa yo 0 na Ie mohola wo 0 itsego, e lege gore 0 tswelela gatee tela,

ebile ga a tetoge. Seo se dira gore a se lebalwe ka pela. Gantsi 0 tsosa

atmosfere ye e itsego, ya tshegiso.

Basekaseki ba ka morago ga Forster ba go swana Ie Souvage (1965: 38),

Bromley (1977: 24), Carter (1998: 24), Heese Ie ba bangwe (1988: 138),

Abrams (1988: 23), Cohen (1978: 38) Ie Wellek Ie ba bangwe (1942: 226) ba

hueditswe kudu ke tlhaloso yeo ya Forster.

Bona ba hlalosa gore moanegwahlaedi ga a na dika tseo a ka tsebjago ka

tsona. Ka tsela yeo moanegwa wa mohuta wo ga a fetoge. Le ge kanegelo

e ka gola yena ga a go Ie Ie yona. Go ka thwe moanegwa wa gona 0 theilwe

godimo ga kgopolo e tee. Gape ga a hlaloswe ka botlalo, ke ka lebaka lea

go ka somiswago sekafoko goba lefokwana Ie tee go mo tsweletsa. Ge ba

tswela pele ba bolela gore moanegwa yo 0 hlaolwa ke mongwadi ka ditiro tsa

gagwe. Semelo sa gagwe se a feteletswa ka maikemisetso a go tSweletsa

tshegiso. Ke ka tsela yeo gantsi mohuta wo wa baanegwa 0 bonagalago mo

dikanegelong tsa metlae.

Go tlaleletSa kgopolo ya borateori bao, O'Connel (1996: 2) Ie Petru so (1991:

186) ba re moanegwahlaedi ga a bontshe kgolo ge kanegelo e dutse e

tswela pele. Kgopolo ya borateori ba e tlaleletswa ke Irmscher (1981: 282)

ge a hlalosa gore moanegwahlaedi 0 emela sehlopha se se itsego. 0 bolela

gore tswelelo ya moanegwa yo ke ya go tlwaelega. Gape polelo ya gagwe e

a kwesisega. Ditiro tsa moanegwa yo di a makatsa. Gantsi moanegwa wa

mohuta wo 0 tsweletsa dinnete tsa bophelo. Gape 0 bontsha ka fao bathe

ba swanetsego go phela ka gona.

Go ka akaretswa ka gore moanegwahlaedi ke moanegwa yo a nago Ie

lehlakore Ie tee. Lehlakore lea ke lona Ie tsweletsago gore ke motho wa

mohuta mango Gape moanegwa yo 0 lebane Ie tshegiso, goba yona metlae.

Ge a utolla moanegwaphethegi, Forster (1927: 106) 0 mo hlalosa e Ie

moanegwa wa mahlakore a mabedi ("two dimensional character") goba go

feta fao. 0 tswela pele go tsweletsa gore moanegwa yoo 0 swanetse go

makatsa.

Polelo yeo e gatelela gore ge moanegwa yoo a sa maketse go ka thwe ke

moanegwahlaedi. Ka lehlakoreng Ie lengwe ge a hlagiswa e Ie moanegwa

yo a sa kgodisego gona a ka bitswa moanegwahlaedi yoo a dirago e ke ke

moanegwaphethegi.
Go tswela pele go tlo lemogwa gore moanegwaphethegi 0 emela motho wa

semelo seo se raraganego. Le ge go Ie bjalo ke yo a kgodisago ka gobane

o swantsha tharano ya bophelo bja motho. 0 na Ie katlego ye kgolo mo

bophelong. Ke motho yo a lebanago Ie tiragatso ya masetlapelo. Se

bohlokwa ke gore yena 0 fetoga Ie mabaka. Ge aruma polelo yeo ya

gagwe, 0 re kanegelo ya masetlapelo e lebane Ie moanegwaphethegi ka

gobane:

"Round characters are people who are fit to

perform tragically for any feelings except

humour and appropriateness (matlakala 100

- 101)."

Balatedi ba Forster bao go setsego go boletswe ka bona ge go hlaloswa

moanegwahlaedi, gona matlakaleng ao, ba t1aleletsa kgopolo ye ya Forster

ka gore moanegwaphethegi 0 na Ie tharano ye e itsego, yeo e

hlohleletSwago ke mabaka ao a phelago go ona. Ka tsela yeo go bothata

go hlalosa moanegwa yoo ge a bapetswa Ie motho wa madi Ie nama.

Gantsi ditiro tsa moanegwa yoo di a makatsa, eupsa Ie ge go Ie bjalo ke tsa

go kgodisa. Lebaka Ie legolo lea Ie dirago gore moanegwa yo a kgodise ke

gore 0 swantsha tharano ya bophelo bja nnete. Ge dintlha tse bjalo di ka

se be gona go moanegwa yoo, seo se ra gore ke moanegwahlaedi yoo a

itirago moanegwaphethegi. Ke ka tsela yeo Heese Ie ba bangwe mo

letlakaleng la 138 ba tlaleletsago ka gore moanegwaphethegi ke lelatodi la

"monna" yo a nago Ie ditlwaelo tse di itsego. Ke motho yo a ratago go

tseba gore yena (moanegwa) ke motho wa mohuta mango 0 utolla dinnete

tseo di mo dikologilego tsa bophelo. Ka mantsu a mangwe 0 gola Ie

kanegelo ge e gola.

Go ka akaretswa ka gore moanegwaphethegi ke moanegwa yo a nago Ie

mahlakore a mabedi. Moanegwa yo 0 swanetse go kgodisa ka gore 0

swantsha tharano ya bophelo bja mmakgonthe. Se sengwe ke gore ge a

sa kgodise gona 0 iphetosa moanegwahlaedi yoo a itirago

moanegwaphethegi.

Go ka rungwa ka gore t1haloso ya Forster ya mehuta ye mebedi ya

baanegwa, e lego moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi e bile Ie khuetso

ye kgolo kudu go banyakisisi ba ka morago ga gagwe. Ka go realo Forster

ke mongwadi wa katlego ka ge e Ie yena wa mathomo wa go tsweletsa

mehuta yeo ye mebedi ya baanegwa, gomme ya amogelwa ka diatla tse

pedi mo go balatedi ba gagwe.

Le ge tlhaloso ye ya Forster e amogetswe ke balatedi ba gagwe, eupsa e

na Ie mathata, ka go bane ga e kwesisege. Ge a hlatholla mehuta ye ga a

nepise dikgopolo tseo gabotse. Go ya ka polelo ya gagwe 0 ka re phapano

gare ga moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi ga e tswelele gabotse. Ge

go lekodisiswa go tla lemogwa gore ge a bolela ka moanegwahlaedi ga go

na bothata kudu. Bothata bjo bogolo bo tsweletswa ke ge a senkasenka

moanegwaphethegi ka gore 0 re 0 na Ie mahlakore a mabedi. Ge go ka

tsewa mohlala wa Lesibana mo go Noto-ya-Masogana (1954), go tla bonwa

gore go ya ka tlhaloso ya Forster, Lesibana ke moanegwaphethegi.

Borateori ba bolela ka ga mekgwa ye mebedi ya go hlalosa semelo. Ge go

tsinkelwa mekgwa yeo ya go hlatholla semelo sa moanegwa go fapantshwa

mokgwa wa go nepisa Ie mokgwa wa go siroga. Dikgopolo tseo di ya go

sekasekwa.

Rimmon-Kenan (1983: 49) Ie Fry (1983: 110) ba bolela gore mokgwa wo 0

hlatholla semelo sa moanegwa ka go dirisa lehlaodi. Gabotse go hlalosa ka

go nepisa ke go hlalosa ditaba phaa, gore taba yeo e bonagale gabotse, e be

ka tsela yeo e tsweletswago ka gona. Ge mongwadi a ka reela moanegwa

leina, leina lea e ka ba fela sesupo, go ka thwe Ie supa moanegwa bjalo ka

Lukas mo go Lukas Mofshelefshele (1963). Lukas ke sesupo, leina lea Ie

supa moanegwa, e lego Lukas. Seo se ra gore mongwadi 0 nepisa

moanegwa yoo. Ka dinako tse dingwe leina lea e ka ba tlhaloso ya semelo

bjalo ka Leilane mo go Megokgo ya Bjoko (1969), Leilane ga se sesupo; ke

seswantsho ka gore Ie swantsha semelo sa moanegwa. Gabotse Ie

swantsha swele Ie hlogo ya bothata ya moanegwa yoo.

Ntombela (1994: 131) 0 bolela gore mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go siroga 0

arotswe ka dikarolwana tse pedi, e lego ditiro Ie tikologo. Le ge Ntombela a

hlalosa ditiro ka go siroga eupsa go tla lemogwa gore mokgwa woo ke wa go

nepisa. Ke ka fao mo lengwalonyakisisong Ie go tlogo somiswa lereo lea ka

tsela ye nngwe. Go ka thwe go hlalosa ka go siroga ke go somisa tlhaloso

bjalo ka ge ditaba tse pedi tsa go fapana di kwantshwa.

Bjale ge, go utolla semelo sa moanegwa go arotSwe ka dikarolo tse tharo, e

lego:

Seo mongwadi a se bolelago ka moanegwa

Seo baanegwa ba bangwe ba se bolelago ka moanegwa

Moanegwa ge a itlhalosa

Se bohlokwa ke gore, seo mongwadi a se bolelago ka moanegwa se lebane

Ie mekgwa yeo ka bobedi, e lego go siroga Ie go nepisa. Ka lehlakoreng Ie

lengwe, seo baanegwa ba se bolelago ka moanegwa Ie ge moanegwa a

itlhalosa, tsona di lebane Ie mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go nepisa fela. Taba

yeo e yo bolelwa ka botlalo.

Bromley (1977: 141), Heese Ie babangwe (1988: 38) Ie Phelan (1989:83) ba

tsweletsa gore mongwadi ge a bopa moanegwa 0 nyaka go tsweletsa se

sengwe go babadi. 0 rata go lemosa babadi seo ba bego ba sa se tsebe ka

moanegwa yoo. Seo a se bolelago ka moanegwa se dira gore bathe ba

thome go hlokomela moanegwa yoo. Burgoyne (1973:60), Madden (1980: 7)

Ie Price (1983: 38) ba tiisetsa kgopolo yeo ka go tsweletsa gore seo

mongwadi a se bolelago se tsewa ka tsela yeo gomme sa utolla semelo sa

moanegwa. Ba kgonthisa gore mantsu a bohlokwa a mongwadi a na Ie

mosito wo mogolo kudu mo go hlagiseng semelo. Ge motho a kwesisa

semelo sa moanegwa 0 tla kgona go phedisana gabotse Ie baanegwa bao a

phelago Ie bona, ka gore moanegwa 0 emela motho wa lefase lea go

phelwago go lona.

Karolo ye e arotswe ka dikarolwana tse mmalwa go swana Ie (a) ponagalo,

(b) tikologo, (c) go swantsha ka go t1aleletsa, (d) go reela leina, (e) polelo, (1)

sebopego sa mmele, (g) polelo ya mmele, (h) tshwantshiso, (i) mongwalelo,

U) thekniki ya molaodisi Ie (k) theto.

Irmscher (1981: 288) 0 hlalosa mokgwa wo moanegwa a bonagalago ka

gona ka go re:
 "In some stories and plays, appearance may

be taken as a due to the nature of a

character if the author leads the readers to

attach significance to it."

Go ya Ie ka mo Irmscher a hlalosago ka gona ponagalo yeo 0 e hlalosa ka

mokgwa wa go siroga ka gore 0 dirisa ditumelo. 0 hlatholla gore ma

dingwalong go dumelwa gore baloi, dikgopana Ie babolai ke badiredi ba

sathane, mola bag ale ba Ie botse gape ba lokile. 0 tiisa ka gore tumelo yea

e sa Ie gona Ie mehleng yeno. Motho wa sekobo 0 amantshwa Ie tsa go se

loke, mola yo mobotse go dumelwa gore 0 dira tsa go loka. Seo se ra gore

ponagalo e ka utolla semelo se se itSego sa moanegwa ka tsela ya

ditumelo. Ke gore 0 hlalosa ka go siroga.

Go tiisa kgopolo yeo ya Irmscher, Serudu (1995: 10) Ie Schwarz (1989: 85)

ba bolela gore thekniki ya legoro la ponagalo e laetsa baanegwa ba

hlaloswa ke mongwadi goba mmoleledi ("spokesman") yoo a diriswago ke

mongwadi. Taba ye e bolela gore thekniki ya legoro Ie e lebane Ie pego

yeo e nepisago kanegelo ("direct narrative statement"), ke gore semelo sa

moanegwa se hlaloswa go lebeletswe sebopego sa gagwe.

Tikologo e ka hlathollwa ka tsela ya go nepisa Ie ya go siroga. Ge ba

hlalosa tikologo ka tsela ya go siroga, Docherty (1983: 247) Kunene (1993:

155) Ie Sebate (1994: 33) ba re tikologo yeo moanegwa a phelago go yona

e ka huetSa semelo sa gagwe. Ge a kgonthisa taba yeo Kunene 0 re

tikologo e bopa batho ba nnete ba go sepelelana Ie mabaka ao ba phelago

go ona. Moanegwa a ka fetoswa ke tikologo yeo a dulago go yona. Ge a

be a lokile, a ya tikologong ya batho ba go se loke, 0 tla fetoga Ie yena a

dira tsa go se loke.

Ke ka fao Sebate Iona letlakaleng lea a tlaleletsago ka gore tikologo ya

leago e thusa mmadi go tseba moanegwa yoo a balago ka ga gagwe. a

tswela pele go hlalosa gore ka tikologo mmadi 0 kgona go kwesisa

mekgwa, maitshwaro Ie bohlale bja baanegwa. Tseo ka moka di lemogwa

ka ditiro tsa baanegwa, go akaretswa Ie mehuta ya mafelo ao ba phelago

go ona. Ke ka fao go ka bolelwago ka tikologo ya sebjalebjale Ie ya

segologolo. Semelo sa moanegwa wa sebjalebjale se fapana Ie sa wa

segologolo, ka gore wa sebjalebjale 0 tla dira tsa sebjalebjale mola wa

segologolo a itshwara sekgale.

o ruma ka gore tikologo e tsweletsa maemo a moanegwa, Ie tSeo a di

dirago, go ka thwe e itira lepatlelo la kgokagano lea baanegwa ba

tsweletSago ditiro tsa bona go lona. Ka go realo tikologo e thusa go hlahla

tsebo ya mmadi Ie tlhaloso ya semelo sa moanegwa.

Dikgopolo tsa borateori ba di tlaleletswa ke Ntombela (1994: 131) ge a

bolela gore ge go hlathollwa phaposi yeo boreatseba ba alafelago ka gona

go tsweletswa sebopego sa moanegwa yoo a kgokaganego Ie mediro ye

mebe. Ke phaposi ya leswiswi yeo e utollago ditiro tsa boloi, monkgo wo

mobe wa dihlare Ie matlalo a mehutahuta a go tshosa. Tse ka moka di

tsweletsa manyami Ie mathata tseo di hlagiswago go bathe ka go somisa

metswako yeo. Tikologo yeo e utolla semelo sa moanegwa yoo. Tikologo

e ka hlaloswa ka go nepiswa, ka gobane ke elemente ye e gapeletsago ya

diteng, ke gore go swanetse go ba Ie tikologo moo baanegwa ba tlogo

kgona go phela gona. Gona moo tikologo ga e emele moanegwa, e

hlaloswa e Ie yona fela.

Rimmon-Kenan (1983: 49) ge a hlatholla kgopolo ye 0 e tsweletsa ka tsela

ya mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go siroga. Vena 0 no re:

"I treat analogy as a reinforcement of

characterization rather than as a seperate

type of character indicator because its

 characterizing capacity depends on the prior

on which it is based."

Go swantsha ka go tlaleletsa go ka utolla semelo sa moanegwa, ka gore

tshwantsho yeo e bolela seo moanegwa a oketswago ka sona. Ka tsela yeo

mmadi 0 kgona go tseba moanegwa yoo.

"Characterization through naming is a well

known literary device, functioning in probably

all literary genres."

o somisa go reela leina bjalo ka thekniki ya go hlalosa semelo sa

moanegwa. Gape 0 arola leina ka dikarolo tse pedi e lego (a) leinaina Ie (b)

leinahlaodi.

Ge a hlalosa leinaina 0 somisa mokgwa wa go nepisa. Neethling 0 gatelela

gore leinaina la moanegwa gantsi ga Ie tsweletse semelo mo dingwalong.

Mongwadi a ka Ie somisa goba a Ie tlogela; kgetho ke ya gagwe. Le ge go

Ie bjalo leinaina ga la swanela go tshediswa mahlo mo sengwalong ka

gobane ka dinako tse dingwe Ie ka ba Ie mohola wo 0 itsego, go swana Ie go

fa thekgo mo go tsweletseng seswantsho se se itsego sa moanegwa.

Neethling ge a tswela pele 0 hlalosa leinahlaodi ka tsela ya go siroga. 0

hlatholla gore Ie bohlokwa kudu ge go tsweletswa semelo sa moanegwa:

"One of the most obvious categories and the

one which characterization through naming is

well manifested, is the category "Alverez-

Altman" calls didactic family or attributive

name (Ietlakala 319)."

Neethling 0 tiisetsa gore maina a legoro Ie a a itlhalosa, ke gore a bolela

seo moanegwa a lego sona. Gantsi a sepelelana Ie mabaka ao moanegwa

a ikhwetsago a Ie go ona. 0 bolela gore ge moanegwa a Ie lethabong

gantsi lethabo leo Ie tlo hlaloswa ka tsela ya go dirisa leinahlaodi. Go no

swana Ie ge a Ie mathateng, mathata ao a tlo tsweletswa ka mokgwa wona

woo. Neethling 0 gatelela gore maina a mangwe a hlagisa seriti sa

moanegwa mola a mangwe a utolla sebopego sa mmele.

Go t1aleletsa kgopolo ye Baker (1997: 15) Ie Shipley (1970: 129) ba re leina

Ie bohlokwa ka gore Ie fa mmadi seswantsho sa motho yoo go bolelwago

ka ga gagwe. Le ge go Ie bjalo ga se maina ka moka ao a ka tsweletsago

semelo. Ke ke faD Baker lona letlakaleng lea a bolelago gore go na Ie

maina a setso Ie a histori. Maina ao a lebanego Ie setso a tswa Ie polelo

mo e tswago gona, eupsa ga go na ditiragalo tse di itsego tseo di diregilego

gore a be gona, ke karolo ya set so sa polelo yeo. Ka go realo maina ao ga

a amane Ie tlhaloso ya semelo sa moanegwa. 0 tiisetsa gore maina ao a

nago Ie histori Ie ona a tswa Ie polelo eupsa ka gare ga ona go na Ie

ditiragalo tse di diragetsego tseo di nago Ie histori. Maina ao a bohlokwa

mo go tsweletseng semelo sa moanegwa.

o tswela pele go hlagisa gore mongwadi ge a reela baanegwa ba gagwe

maina, 0 swanetse go hlokomela ge e ba baanegwa bao maina a bona a

lebane Ie tlhaloso ya semelo, ka baka la gore ge ba ka reelwa go sa

hlokomelwe taba yeo, t1haloso ya gona e ka gakantsha mmadi. Go tla

lemogwa gore ka dinako tse dingwe moanegwa a ka reelwa leina lea

mafelelong Ie ka tlago la ama ditiro tsa gagwe.

Ge aruma polelo yeo ya gagwe Baker 0 re gantsi leina Ie utollela mmadi

seswantsho sa mong wa lona. Ge leina Ie bolela ka go loka, moanegwa

yoo a lokilego 0 tlo fiwa leina leo. 0 tsopola mohlala go tswa setsong sa

Sekriste. 0 bolela gore maina a Sekriste a amana kudu Ie t1haloso ya

semelo sa moanegwa. GantSi Bakriste ke bathe ba go dira dilo tsa go loka,

ke ka tao maina a bona a utollela mmadi semelo sa bona.

Mabapi Ie sebopego sa mmele Neethling (1990:320) 0 bolela gore

mongwadi 0 swanetse go hlalosa moanegwa gore semelo sa gagwe se

tswele nyanyeng. 0 bolela gore ge mongwadi a re moanegwa 0 na Ie

moriri wo moso Ie mahlo a matala ga gwa lekana. Go nyakega mekgwa ye

mengwe ya go hlatholla gore mmadi a kgotsotale. Neethling 0 tiisetsa gore

mo tlhalosong ye go na Ie dibopego tse dingwe tseo di tlogetswego, go

swana Ie botelele, nko, go nywanywa, bjalobjalo. Dibopego tse di bohlokwa

kudu, ka gona di swanetse go hlaloswa ka botlalo gore mmadi a tie a kgone

go lemoga semelo sa moanegwa yoo. Mokgwa wo 0 somisitswego mo ke

wa go siroga.

Kgopolo ye e tsweletswa ka go somisa mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go siroga.

Ge a tsinkela polelo ya mmele Neethling lona letlakaleng la 320 0 tsweletsa

gore tlhaloso ye kaone e bolela se sengwe ka moanegwa bjalo ka motho,

go teta gore 0 lebelelega bjang. 0 re mokgwa woo monna a sepelago goba

a emago, Ie ka moo mosadi a somisago mahlo goba a ipeakanyago mo

setulong 0 bolela se sengwe ka moanegwa, kudu ge mmadi e Ie la

mathomo a gahlana Ie yena:

"Body language gives action to what might

otherwise be static scene, adds a picture,

deepens insight into your character (Ietlakala

30)."

Ge ba tlaleletsa kgopolo yeo ya Neethling, Enright (1962:286), Hodgins

(1995:105) Ie Mahon (1984: 14) ba tsweletsa gore polelo ka mmele e ka

hlaloswa ka mokgwa wa go somisa dikarolwana tsa polelo bjalo ka madiri ka

go bane a na Ie mosomo wo 0 itsego woo 0 sepelelanago Ie tlhathollo ye e

rilego mo polelong. Ba fa mohlala wa lediri la "sepela". Lediri lea ka bolona

ga Ie tsweletse semelo. Eupsa go na Ie mekgwa ye e rilego ya go sepela yeo

ka yona go ka utollwago semelo go swana Ie ge motho a sepela ka go

matsha, go iphosa, bjalobjalo.

Ba bolela gore ge moanegwa a sepela ka go matsha, gantSi go itaetsa gore 0

itokisetsa ntwa, ka gobane bathe ba go matsha ke bahlabani bao ba

itokisetsago go Iwa. Ka go realo semelo sa moanegwa yoo se a lemogwa.

Ba tswela pele go hlalosa gore motho a ka sepela ka go iphosa. Go iphosa

moo go ka bonagala ka mekgwa ya go fapana. Mekgwa ye mengwe ke ya go

tsweletsa semelo mola ye mengwe e se na mohola kudu mo go hlatholleng

semelo. Ka go realo mekgwa yeo ga yo salwa morago mo, ka ge e se

bohlokwa mo go utolleng semelo sa moanegwa.

Ba kgonthisa gore ge motho a sepela ka mokgwa wa go se tlwaelege e ka ba

a befetswe goba a tsweletsa bokgoa Ie ge e Ie go ikgantsha. Mabakeng a

mangwe moanegwa 0 sepela ka go iphosa ka ge a ikgantsha ka seo a lego

sona. Moanegwa yoo a ka hlagiswa bjalo ka motho wa makoko.

Malebana Ie tshwantshiso Hodgins (1995:113), Fokemma (1991: 19) Ie Fowler

(1982:39) ba fa mohlala wa motho yo a itirago e ke 0 lokile eupsa go se bjalo.

Ba mo swantsha Ie tau yeo e aperego letlalo la nku. Gantsi motho wa mohuta

wo ditiro tsa gagwe ga di sepelelane Ie tseo a di bolelago. A ka bolela tsa go

loka eupsa a dira tsa go se loke. Gabotse go ka thwe ke sehwirihwiri seo se

itirago motho yo botho. Go ka thwe tlhaloso ye e lebane Ie mokgwa wa go

siroga.

Spaanderman (1982: 8) Ie Cohen (1973: 39) ba tsweletSa gore setaele sa

mongwadi sa go utolla semelo sa moanegwa se bohlokwa kudu. Ba re

mokgwa woo mongwadi a hlalosago moanegwa Ie segalo seo a mo

hlathollago, di thusa gore go lemogwe gore ke motho wa mohuta mango Ba fa

mohlala wa ge moanegwa a dirile molato. Mongwadi a ka somisa setaele se

se itsego seo se ka tsweletsago motho yoo a iponago molato Ie pele ga ge a

ahlolwa. Tsela yeo a mo hlalosago ka yona e laetsa gabotse gore ke yena a

dirilego taba yeo.

Gape a ka somisa segalo go gatelela molato woo 0 dirilwego ke moanegwa

yoo. Ka go realo semelo sa moanegwa yoo se lemogwa ka pela. Go tla

lemogwa gore 0 dirisitse mokgwa wa go nepisa.

Fredrich (1995: 96), Chatman (1967: 97) Wagenknecht (1947: 50) Ie Daniel

(1989: 134) ba re ka go theeletsa polelo ya molaodisi ge a bolela ka

moanegwa go ka lemogwa semelo sa gagwe. Sa bolela gore molaodisi a ka

somisa dikapolelo Ie mehuta ye mengwe ya polelo go tsweletsa semelo sa

moanegwa. Sa fa mohlala wa ge mongwadi a re moanegwa ke moloi, go

bolela lentsu lea go tsweletsa semelo sa moanegwa ka botlalo. Moloi ke

motho yo a dirago ditaba tse mpe tsa leswiswi. Ditiro!Sa gagwe di a siisa. Ka

gona ge mongwadi a swantsha moanegwa Ie moloi seo se laetSa gore

moanegwa yoo 0 dira dilo tsa go siisa tsa go se amogelege. Ge go ka

lekodisiswa gabotse go tlo lemogwa gore go dirisitswe mokgwa wa go hlalosa

ka go siroga.

Go tlaleletsa kgopolo ya boChatman, Ntombela (1994: 131) 0 hlalosa gore

mohuta woo 0 tlwaelegilego kudu wa ge molaodisi a hlatholla semelo ke wa

go nepisa. Molaodisi 0 dira pego yeo e nepisago. 0 kgonthisa gore semelo

sa moanegwa se ka laetswa ka tsela ya go somisa lehlaodi, leinakgopolo

goba mohuta wo mongwe wa leina. 0 fa mohlala wa leinakgopolo wa gore

"bosoro bja gagwe ga bo na magomo." Ge go lekodisiswa mohlala wo go tlo

lemogwa gore bosoro bja moanegwa yoo bo feteleditswe. Motho wa bosoro

bjo bobjalo 0 tla tshabja ke batho. Go laetsa gore se sengwe Ie se sengwe se

a kgonega ka bosoro bja mohuta woo. Ge molaodisi a thoma a dira pego ye

bjalo ka moanegwa, seo se laetsa semelo sa motho wa go se loke wa go

boifisa.

Wilton (1994: 101), Winks (1980: 84), Ogude (1997: 76) Ie Stone (1976: 19)

ba tlaleletsa ka gore mongwadi 0 somisa taodiso ya motho wa boraro go

tsweletsa semelo sa moanegwa. Sa fa mohlala wa ge moanegwa a tsea leeto

Ie Ie itsego-. -Seose ragore moanegwa-o-hlatoSwa8 Ryaka go-tseea setse sa

gagwe. Setso ke bohwa bja setshaba. Setshaba seo se sa bolokego setso sa

sona ke seo se timetsego. Ka gona go bohlokwa gore moanegwa a tsebe mo

a tswago. Ge motho a tseba setso 0 tla kgona go phedisana Ie bathe ba ditSo

tse dingwe, gape se dira gore motho a be Ie maitshwaro a mabotse.

Ntombela (1992: 130) Ie Irmscher (1981: 289) ba bontsha bohlokwa bja theto

ge e lebane Ie tlhaloso ya semelo sa moanegwa. Sa re direto bjalo ka

dikanegelo, di ngwadilwe ke batho. Ke gore mmadi 0 ba Ie kgahlego go

baanegwa ba theto go swana Ie ba dingwalo ka moka. Ba hlatholla gore

molaodisi 0 laodisetsa mmadi ka moanegwa yo a itsego. Ke moanegwa yoo

go kwewago lentsu la gagwe tela a sa bonwe. Ge moanegwa yoo a itheta

mmadi 0 kgona go utolla semelo sa gagwe, ka gore theto yeo e tsweletsa seo

moanegwa yoo a lego sona. Mongwadi 0 somisa karolo yeo go nagana, go

na Ie go bolela ka lentsu la gagwe. Ka go dira bjalo go tla kwesiswa

moanegwa yoo go bolelwago ka ga gagwe. Mokgwa woo 0 somisitswego ke

wa go siroga.

Go ka akaretswa ka gore seo mongwadi a se bolelago ka moanegwa se

bohlokwa kudu mo go utolleng semelo sa gagwe. Dikarolwana tseo di

boletswego di thusa mmadi gore a kgone go lemoga semelo sa moanegwa

yoo a balago ka ga gagwe.

Fredrich (1995: 61), O'Connel (1996: 3), Myers (1997: 97), Morgan (1943: 23)

Ie Raselekoana (1991: 67) ba bolela gore dipolelo tsa baanegwa di swanetse

go tsinkelwa ka sedi pele di ka amogelwa go ba tsa nnete. Go na Ie dinako

tseo baanegwa ba bolelago maaka ka moanegwa ka boomo, goba ba ka ba

ba dira bjalo ba sa lemoge gore ba dira phoso. Gantsi baanegwa ba ka bolela

maaka lebaka e Ie go nyenyetatsa moanegwa yoo. Ge baanegwa ba ka

bolela seo e sego nnete ka ga moanegwa ba tla timetsa babadi, ka gore bona

ba tla tsea gore semelo sa gagwe se ka tsela yeo. Borateori ba ba gatelela

gore tseo di boletswego ka moanegwa di swanetse go tsinkelwa ka sedi pele

ga ge di tla tsewa ka tsela yea di lega ka gona.

Go tla lemogwa gore karalo ye e arotswe ka dikaralwana tse mmalwa go

swana Ie (a) poledisano, (b) mokgwa woo baanegwa ba bohlale ba bonago

moanegwa Ie (c) mokgwa woo baanegwa baa ba sego bohlale ba bonago

moanegwa ka gona. Bjalo ka ge go hlalositswe, karalo ye e lebane Ie

mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go nepisa tela.

Baker (1997: 15) a ahlaahla bohlokwa bja poledisano kutollong ya semelo sa

moanegwa. Go theeletsa baanegwa ba babedi goba go teta ba boledisana ka

moanegwa, go botsa goba go bontsha mmadi dilo tse dintsi ka ga gagwe.

Poled isana yea ka pela e laetsa semelo sa moanegwa yoo. Ga go nyakege

gore motho yo mongwe a hlalose go ya pele. 0 gatelela gore lentsu Ie lengwe

Ie Ie lengwe Ie na Ie mohola ka gore Ie utolla se sengwe ka moanegwa.

Hodgins (1995: 109) a tiisetsa kgopolo yea ka go tsweletsa mehola ya

poledisano. Le ge go Ie bjalo mehola yea ga a e hlalose, a e bolela tela, yona

e lebane Ie (a) go tsweletsa semelo sa moanegwa, (b) go tsweletsa setswalle

magareng ga baanegwa Ie (c) go dumelela baanegwa go botsana dinnete ge

go na Ie tseo di sa ba kgotsotatsego, bjalobjalo. 0 gatelela gore poledisano

yea e hlagisago mehola yea, e utolla semelo sa moanegwa.

Go ya ka Slattery (1989: 75) baanegwa ba bohlale ba tsenelela ka dinyakisiso

ge ba nyaka go tseba moanegwa. 0 bolela gore gantsi ba utolla Ie tseo di

iphihlilego, tseo motho a ka se di lemogego. Seo se ra gore dinyakisiso tse

bjalo di ka fetola seo go bego go tsewa gore moanegwa 0 ka gona. 0

hlatholla gore moanegwa a ka tsweletswa e Ie motho wa go loka, eupsa

baanegwa ba bohlale ba se mmone ka tsela yeo. Bona ba ka bona lehlakore

la go se loke ka baka la gore ba tsinketse ka sedi seo moanegwa a lego sona.

Slattery Iona letlakaleng leo 0 tiisetse gore go na Ie baanegwa ba male me a

boreledi, bao motho a ka se lemogego gore ke dihwirihwiri. Go baanegwa ba

bohlale seo ga se bothata ka gore ba kgona go nyakisisa, ba utolla ka pela

gore moanegwa yoo ke motho wa mohuta mango Ka gona baanegwa bao ba

kgona go tsweletsa semelo sa moanegwa yoo pepeneneng moo se tlago

bogwa ke mang Ie mango

.:. Mokgwa woo baanegwa bao ba sego bohlale ba bonago

moanegwa ka gona

Harvey (1965: 70) Ie Slattery (1989: 75) ba re baanegwa ba mohuta wo ga ba

bone dilo ka tsela yeo ba bohlale ba di bonago ka gona. Ka nako ye nngwe

ba tsweletsa dilo tseo e sego nnete. Ka tsela yeo go swanetse go hlokomelwe

kudu gore go se tlo latela semelo seo se fosagetsego. Ba hlagisa gore

baanegwa bao ba sego bohlale ga ba na ponelopele. Ba bona tsa mo

kgauswi tela, ga ba tsenelele gare ga moanegwa go nyakisisa gore ke motho

wa mohuta mango Ka dinako tse dingwe, tseo ba di bonago ga di tsweletswe

ka bokgwari seo moanegwa a lego sona. Go realo go ra gore semelo sa

moanegwa ga se tsweletswe gabotse.

Go ka rungwa ka gore seo baanegwa ba se bolelago ka moanegwa se

arotswe ka dikarolo tse tharo, e lego poledisano, mokgwa woo baanegwa ba

bohlale ba bonago moanegwa Ie tsela yeo baanegwa bao ba sego bohlale ba

bonago moanegwa ka gona. Dikarolwana tseo di thusa go utolla semelo sa

moanegwa.

Go swana Ie seo baanegwa ba se bolelago ka moanegwa, karolo ye Ie yona e

lebane Ie mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go nepisa tela. Ge go lekodisiswa

gabotse go tla lemogwa gore karolo ye e arotswe ka dikarolwana tse mmalwa

bjalo ka (a) ditiro tsa moanegwa Ie (b) polelo ya moanegwa. Dikarolwana tSeo

di tlo hlathollwa ka botlalo.

Ge a senkasenka kgopolo ye Irmscher (1981: 287) 0 re mmadi 0 swanetse go

itswalanya Ie ditiro tsa moanegwa, ka gore ke mokgwa wa mongwadi wa go

bontsha seo moanegwa a lego sona. Ge aruma taba yeo 0 re ka ditiro mmadi
a kgona go tseba moanegwa yoo a balago ka ga gagwe ntle Ie go botswa ke

motho yo mongwe.

Ge ba tswetsa kgopolo yea pele Hatton (1973:38), Madden (1980: 7), Price

(1983: 38) Ie Heese Ie ba bangwe (1988: 38), ba bolela gore semelo sa

moanegwa se ka tsweletswa ke ge a nyaka go itseba. Moanegwa a ipotsisa

dipotsiso tseo di nyakago dikarabo tseo di tlago mo thusa gore a itsebe gore

ke yena mang? Taba ye ga e mo fe khutso. 0 nyaka go tseba ge e Ie gore a

na Ie mohola setshabeng sea a phelago go sana.

Sa tswela pele go hlalosa gore moanegwa a nyakisisa ge e Ie gore bohlale bja

gagwe bo ka ba bo thusa setshaba. Setshaba sea se amogela sea a se

dirago, goba se bona a se na mohola. Tse ka moka di dira gore go lemogwe

semelo sa gagwe. Ke motho yo a fisegelago go tseba gore ke mang gare ga

setshaba sea a phelago Ie sana. 0 fisegela go phela ka tsela yea a tlago

amogelwa ke batho.

Ke ka fao Hochman (1985: 113) Ie Heese Ie ba bangwe (1988: 38) ba

kgonthisago gore ntlha ye bohlokwa mo pading ke leeto la moanegwa la go

nyaka go itseba. Sa bolela gore moanegwa a tsea nako a nyakolla,

segolothata e Ie gore a itsebe gore ke motho wa mohuta mango Taba ye ke

tlhobaboroko mo go moanegwa; a nyaka go utolla sea a lego sana; a tsebe

dilo tseo batho ba bangwe ba di tsebago ka ga gagwe. Ke ka tsela yea a

tseago leeto la go nyaka go itseba.

Cohen (1973: 39 - 40) 0 hlalosa gore karolwana ye nngwe ye bohlokwa ke ya

ge moanegwa a gana ditaelo goba a thulana Ie baanegwa ba bangwe. Go na

Ie mabaka a mantsi ao a ka dirago gore moanegwa a gane ditaelo. Cohen 0

kgonthisa gore ka dinako tse dingwe moanegwa a ka fiwa ditaelo tseo a sa

kwanego Ie tsona. Seo se ra gore a ka se dumele ditaelo tseo. 0 re ditaelo e

ka ba tsa nnete goba tsa go gatelela bathe ba bangwe. Ge moanegwa a gana

ditaelo tseo a di fiwago, seo se ka hlola thulano Ie bathe bao ba mo fago

tsona. Thulano yeo ke yona e dirago gore semelo sa moanegwa se lemogwe.

Cohen 0 gatelela gore ka dinako tse dingwe moanegwa 0 gana ditaelo e Ie

fela go leka go sitisa morero wa motho yo a mo fago ditaelo tseo. Ka gona

semelo sa moanegwa se ka tsweletswa e Ie motho wa go gana ditaelo ka

tshwanelo goba a dira mereba ya go sitisa se sengwe.

Go tlaleletsa kgopolo ya borateori bao, Rimmon-Kenan (1983: 49) 0 arola

ditiro ka dikarolwana tse pedi. 0 bolela gore semelo sa moanegwa se ka

tsweletswa ke ditiro tsa nako ye e itsego ("one time actions/non routine") Ie

ditiro tseo di tlwaelegilego ("habitual actions"). Ditiro tsa nako ye e itsego di

hlagisa ponagalo ye mpsha ya moanegwa, ke gore: "One time actions tend to

evoke the dynamic aspect of the character, often playing a part in a training

point in the narrative". Ponagalo yeo ye mpsha ke yona e utollago seo

moanegwa a lego sona, ka gore go tswelela selo sa go se tlwaelege mo go

yona.
Malebana Ie ditiro tse di tlwaelegilego 0 re di tsweletsa ponagalo ya go se

fetoge ya moanegwa, gantsi ya go segisa goba ya kgegeo. Moanegwa ga a

fetoge ditirong tseo a di dirago. Ge a be a dira tse mpe 0 tla tswela pele go

dira bobe. 0 gatelela gore ka ditiro mmadi 0 kgona go lemoga gore

moanegwa ke motho wa mohuta mango Ditiro tsa gagwe di sepelelana Ie seo

a se dirago goba seo a swanetsego go se dira fela a sa se dire. Go realo go

ra gore ditiro di kgatha tema ye bohlokwa mo go utolleng semelo sa

moanegwa.

Kgopolo ya borateori ba e tlaleletswa ke Ntombela (1994: 131) ge a re go na

Ie ditiro tsa nakwana ("one time action") tseo moanegwa a itsweletsago ka

tsona. Ditiro tseo 0 di arola ka dikarolwana tse tharo, e lego (a) tsa tshwaetso

("act of commission"), (b) tsa go akanya ("contemplated act") Ie (c) tsa tlogelo

("act of omission"). Ditiro tseo di ilo hlathollwa gore di kwesisege.

o tsweletsa gore ditiro tsa tshwaetso di lebane Ie tiro yeo e dirwago ke

moanegwa. 0 hlalosa gore ka dinako tse dingwe moanegwa a ka bea

molaba, a beela motho yo mongwe, eupsa wa swara ngwana goba bana ba

gagwe. Ditiro tseo di laetsa semelo sa moanegwa yoo ka botlalo gore ke

motho yoo a sa lokago.

Mabapi Ie ditiro tsa go akanya 0 re ke tseo mongwadi a di dirago a sa

lemogwe gore a ka di dira, go swana Ie ge motho a nyaka go ipolaya. Batho

ga ba gopole gore motho a ka dira taba ye bjalo go fihlela ge ba hwetsa a

ipolaile, gob a a leka go ipolaya. Go realo go ra gore ditiro tseo di utolla

semelo sa moanegwa yoo, ke motho yoo a nago Ie sephiri.

Ge a hlalosa ditiro tsa tlogelo 0 bolela gore ke tseo moanegwa a swanetsego

go di phetha eupsa a di tshedisa mahlo. Ge ngwana ka mo lapeng a bolailwe

ke bolwetsi bja go se kwesisege go na Ie gore motswadi a emaemele taba

yeo, ga a dire bjalo. Seo se ra gore motswadi yoo 0 itebatsa maikarabelo a

gagwe. Tseo a swanetsego go di dira 0 di tshedisa mahlo.

Le ge Ntombela a hlatholotse gore mokgwa wo 0 somisitswego mo ke wa go

siroga, fela ge go ka hlokomelwa gabotse go tlo lemogwa gore 0 somisitse

mokgwa wa go nepisa.

Go tlaleletsa kgopolo ya borateori bao Hodgins letlakaleng la 105, 0 somisa

dithekniki tse di itsego go tsweletsa khuduego ya moanegwa. Le ge go Ie

bjalo dithekniki tseo ga a di hlalose, 0 di bolela fela gomme a fa mehlala. 0

hlagisa moanegwa a befetswe, a lahla mongatse, a busa a 0 topa, a 0

pitlagantsha mokgahlo ga diatla tsa gagwe. Khuduego ya mohuta wo e utolla

semelo sa moanegwa.

Mabapi Ie polelo ya moanegwa Irmscher (1981: 288), Myles (2001: 10) Ie

Phelan (1989: 139) ba bolela gore mmadi a ka kgona go lemoga semelo sa

moanegwa yoo a balago ka ga gagwe ka go kwa polelo. Ge mongwadi a

ngwala ka polelo ya moanegwa 0 swanetse go itokela ka gare ga moanegwa

yoo, gore segalo Ie mantsu di nyalelane Ie tsa moanegwa yoo a ngwalago ka

ga gagwe.

Go oketsa ditaba tseo di bolelwago ke bolrmscher, Rimmon-Kenan (1983: 49)

ge a senkasenka polelo 0 hlatholla gore e ka ba ka mokgwa wa poledisano

goba ka setu. 0 bolela gore mokgwa wa go hlalosa semelo ka polelo 0

tlwaelegile kudu. Polelo ya moanegwa e ikgetha go ya moanegi, gape e

bolela seo moanegwa a lego sona, ka gona mmadi 0 kgona go lemoga

semelo sa moanegwa ntle Ie mathata. 0 tiisetsa gore mokgwa woo

moanegwa a tsweletsago polelo ya gagwe 0 bohlokwa kudu, ka gore 0 ka

supa se sengwe ka ga gagwe, go swana Ie setso goba mosomo wa gagwe

bophelong.

Go kgonthisa taba yeo Ntombela (1994: 131) 0 hlalosa gore polelo e ka

tsweletsa thulano ya ka gare ya moanegwa. Moanegwa 0 ipotsisa gore tseo a

Go hlalositswe mekgwa ye mebedi ya go hlatholla semelo sa moanegwa, e

lege (a) mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go nepisa Ie (a) mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka

go siroga. Mekgwa yeo e arotswe ka dikarolwana tse tharo, e lego (a) seo

mongwadi a se bolelago ka moanegwa, (b) seo baanegwa ba se bolelago ka

moanegwa Ie (c) ge moanegwa a itlhalosa. Dikarolo tse di arotswe ka

dikarolwana tseo di thusago go tsweletsa semelo sa moanegwa bjalo ka ditiro,

tikologo, bjalobjalo.
Ge go ka lekodisiswa ka tlhokomelo polelo ya borateori bao go tlo

lemogwa gore ba kwana ka ga mehuta yeo ye mebedi ya baanegwa. e

lego moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi. Le ge dikgopolo tseo tse

pedi di amogelega, ditlhaloso tsa tsona ga di tsenelele, ga di kgodise.

Mathata a a lebanego Ie ditlhaloso tseo a tswelela gabotse ge Forster aka

badisiswa ka sedi, moo a bolelago ka baanegwa ba Dickens ge are:

"The case of Dickens is significant. Dickens'

people are nearly all flat (Pip and David

Copperfield attempt roundness, but so

differently that they seem more like bubbles

than solid). Nearly everyone can be

summed up in a sentence, and yet there is

this wondeful feeling of human depth".

(Ietlakala 98).

Ka tlhaloso yeo ya Forster, e lego, "everyone can be summed up in a

sentence," go nepiswa moanegwahlaedi. Tlhaloso ye e ka amogelwa,

gape e lebane Ie polelo yeo ya Forster ge a bitsa baanegwa ba mohuta

woo "humour", "type" Ie "caricature". A napa a tlaleletsa ka gore gagolo ba

somisa go sola goba go segisa, ga se baanegwa ba dingwalo tsa

masetlapelo (Ietlakala 93).

Gabotse semelo sa baanegwa ba Matsepe se ka hlaloswa ka go somisa

letoko Ie tee tela. Ge go bolelwa ka ga Leilane (Megokgo ya Bjoko, 1969),

semelo sa gagwe se hlaloswa ka botlalo ka letoko Ie:

Mola Sohlang go ka thwe ke go soh la, ke ka lebaka leo mo letlakaleng la

seswai a itiwago go thwe:

Se segolo ke gore ga se gatee tela ge Matsepe a akaretsa semelo sa

moanegwa yo a itsego ka tsela yeo. Ge e se Leilane wa go ila lethabo ke

Leilane wa go se ile ntwa (1969: 11).

Go mehlala yeo ka moka, tshegiso e gona, yeo Matsepe a e somisitsego

go gegea.
Mathata a magolo ao a tsweletswago ke Forster, ke ge a re

baanegwahlaedi bao ba Dickens ba thoma go fetoga baanegwaphethegi

("attempt roundness"). Tsopolo yeo Ie yona e bontsha gore Ie yena 0

gakanegile ka gobane 0 ka re ga a sa tseba go hlalosa dikgopolo tseo ka

nepiso ye e swanetsego. Ke ka lebaka leo maikemisetso a magolo ka

nako ye e Ie go nyaka tlhaloso ye e tseneletsego. Le ge go Ie bjalo ga se

gore maitapiso a Forster a a nyatswa, ka gobane ge a bolela ka

baanegwa bao ba Dickens, 0 re, "Yet there is this wonderful feeling of

"human depth" (Ietlakala 98). Lefokwana Ie mo gongwe Ie opile kgomo

lenaka Ie ge a se a Ie hlalosa.

"Human depth" e lebane Ie lerato, tlhompho, thoriso, tumiso, bjalobjalo. Ke

gore ge moanegwa a thabela se sengwe mmadi Ie yena 0 a se thabela.

Go no swana Ie ge a nyamiswa ke se sengwe, Ie mmadi 0 nyamiswa ke

sona seo.

Bjale go ilo lekolwa mehlala ye e rilego go tswa dipukung tsa Sepedi.

Mohlala wo mobotse wa moanegwahlaedi ke Lesibana mo go Noto-ya-

Masogana (1954). Lebaka Ie legolo leo Ie dirago gore Lesibana e be

moanegwahlaedi ke gore tseo a di dirago di na Ie tshegiso, gape ga a na

"human depth". Nako ye nngwe Ie ye nngwe ge Lesibana a welwa ke kotsi

go a segwa. Ke ka fao mmadi a nyakago gore a boele tseleng ka gore 0

itswalanya Ie Mamahlo, yoo a sa nyakego go bona a nyamiswa. Ke ka

baka lea go nyakwago gore Lesibana a se dire tsa go se loke.

Mongwadi ge a hlalosa ditaba tSa kua sebining, di a segisa, gape ke

ditaba tseo di ilego tsa busa Lesibana. Lesibana 0 ile go tihla ga

Madlamini a bewa phaposing ya ka morago mo a ilego a dula ka gare ga

ditulo tsa manongonongo. Goba a tetsa go ja a tlisetswa semetlana sa

bjala bja Sekgowa tatoleng. Ka morago ga galase ya mathomo

mosemane a kgopela gore a apole paki ka ge go be go tisa. Yona a e

kaletsa ka morago ga lebati moo mongatse wa gagwe 0 bego 0 Ie gona.

Madlamini 0 ile go boloka dibjana a laela gore Lesibana a lete.

Lesibana a botsisa gore ke bokae. Madlamini a re 0 nyaka ponto godimo

9a tseo a di lIego. Lesibana a tsea gore Madlamini 0 dira metlae, kgane

ke gona ge a tshetse noga ka mabu. Madlamini a ema ka maoto gomme a

ntsha thipa ye kgolo ya bogale, a e swara gabotse gore lesogana Ie

lahlegelwe ke bophelo.

Madlamini Ie Lesibana ba be ba emeletSane bjalo ka mekoko ye mebedi e

gwabelana. Lesibana a tsentsha seatla ka potleng a ntsha bonnyane bjoo

a bego a bo swere, a bo ta mosadi yoo. 0 ile go bala tshelete yeo, mosadi

a kgotsa a re, "Tshin! Kwedin, intoni Ie"? (Ietlakala 45). A realo a batamela

lesogana, a emisitse thipa yela. Ka go bona lehu Ie batametse, Lesibana

a tela a katakata ka sa morago. 0 be a wetse diatleng tsa lenaba. Ka

nako ye mosadi a rego 0 hlaba Lesibana, gwa kwala motho a kokota

lebating la phaposing ya ka pele. Mosadi a tioga a ya go bona gore ke

mang yo a kokotago. Lesibana 0 ganne go bona mosadi a re "feke" a be

a setse a Ie lefastereng a kutumpela ka mafuri. A ragoga ka lebelo a leba

kgorwaneng yeo e tswelago ka ntle. Ge a fihla tseleng ye kgolo mosadi a

mmona a hlaba mokgosi a re lehodu Ie mo tshabela ka tshelete. Batho ba

ile ba gana go kwa mokgosi woo, Ie go bona Lesibana a kitima. Bangwe

ba mo fosa ka ditena, tseo di ilego tsa mo teta mokokotlo, tsa ba tsa nyaka

go mo lahla fase. Bangwe ba leka go mo swara fela ba palelwa ka gore

Lesibana 0 be a sa tshabe pula a tshaba lehu. Setena se sengwe sa mo

teta hlogo gomme madi a itahla. A wa fase gomme a se ke a wela sa run.

Ka pela a be a setse a tsogile, a bone tsela ya go boela mo a dulago.

(matlakala 42 - 45).

Tabakgolo ke gore Lesibana ge a dira tsa go se loke 0 swanetse go solwa

goba gona go otlwa. Mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie Lesibana ka gore ke

moanegwathwadi. Ke ka lebaka lea a nepiswago. Gape Lesibana ke

molwantshwa ke ka tsela yeo a swanetsego go dira tsa go loka, ka gore

molwantshwa 0 lebane Ie go loka. Ge Lesibana a dira tsa go se loke

gomme a otlwa, kotlo yeo· e a thabelwa, ka gore bjale 0 fetogetse go

lokeng. Nako Ie nako ge a fapoga tseleng ya go loka, go nyakega gore a

otlwe gore a boe a loke gape.

Moanegwa yo mongwe yoo a swanetsego go hlokomelwa ke Lesala.

Lesala ke molwantshi ka gona 0 lebane Ie go se loke. Taba ye e bonala

gabotse ge a be a betsa boLesibana ka matlapa. Gona moo ga go

ikgweranywe Ie yena ka gore 0 dira tsa go se loke. Go nyakega gore a

otlwe gore a boele go lokeng.

Go ka tsewa gape Ariel- mo go Nnete Fela (1989). Ariel ke

moanegwathwadi gape ke molwantshwa, ke ka lebaka leo a emelago go

loka. Sindikheithi ke molwantshi, e emela go se loke. Eupsa mo go

ikgweranywa Ie go loka. Ariel go ka thwe ke "type" ka ge a ka hlaloswa ka

letoko Ie tee. Ga a na bosodi; 0 emela go loka goba wona molao.

Ge go ka lebelelwa Bubbles go tla lemogwa gore ga se moanegwathwadi

tela semelo sa gagwe se a tetoga. Ke moanegwa wa mahlakore a

mabedi. Le ge a na Ie mahlakore a mabedi ga se moanegwaphethegi ka

go bane Ie ge go se na tshegiso ga go na botho.

Ge Bubbles a dira tsa go se loke, mmadi 0 nyaka gore a loke, a nyalwe ke

Ariel. Taba ya gore a nyalwe ke Ariel e ka se phethege ge a sa tetoge ya

ba motho wa go loka. Ge a tetogile ke ge a amogetswe. Seo se ra gore

go ikgweranywa Ie yena.
Taba ye bohlokwa yeo Forster a e bolelago mabapi Ie moanegwaphethegi

ke gore 0 lebane Ie "roundness", gape 0 na Ie "human depth". Kgopolo ye

bohloka mo ke ya "human depth".

Mo go ilo hlokomelwa dipuku tse pedi, e lego Lukas Motsheletshele (1963)

Ie Tladi wa Dikgati (1971). Lukas Motsheletshele e na Ie "roundness" Ie

"human depth". Eupsa ge e Ie Tladi wa Dikgati yona ga e na "roundness"

eupsa e na Ie "human depth" fela. Ke ka lebaka lea go thwego "human

depth" ke ye bohlokwa.

Lukas Motsheletshele 0 na Ie "roundness" ka gore ke moruti fela 0 na Ie

bofokodi bjo bogolo. Gape Lukas a ka hlaloswa ka lefoko Ie tee; ke

motho wa bofora. Se sengwe se bohlokwa ke gore Lukas Motsheletshele

(1963) ke padi ya masetlapelo. Le ge Lukas e se wa go loka eupsa 0

kwelwa bohloko ge a hlagelwa ke mathata ka gore ke motho.

Ka lehlakoreng Ie lengwe Tladi ga a na "roundness" eupsa 0 na Ie "human

depth". 0 ka re ke moanegwahlaedi. Ke motho wa go loka. Semelo sa

gagwe se ka hlaloswa ka lefoko Ie tee.

Le ge go Ie bjalo Tladi ga se "type", "caricature", "humour", ka gobane

tshegiso e a hlokega mo go yena. Ge go ka lekodisiswa gabotse go tlo

bonwa gore 0 na Ie "human depth" ke ka lebaka leo a kwelwago bohloko.

Tladi ke motho wa go loka go tioga mathomong a padi go tihla matelolong.

Mo mathomong Tladi 0 dira tsa go loka, 0 bontsha bogale ka morago ga

go hlomola naga mootlwa ka go bolaya nkwe yeo e bego e itirela

boithatelo ka diruiwa. 0 sa tswela pele go dira go loka ge mphato wa

thaka tsa gagwe 0 etswa. Ke tshwanelo gore Tladi a ye Ie bagwera ba

gagwe morotong, eupsa ka baka la gore mogolo wa gagwe 0 paletswe ke

go ya komeng Ie thaka tsa gagwe, Tladi 0 thibelwa go wela, go thwe a ka

se wele Ie mogolo wa gagwe gotee.

Tladi 0 tshabela mphatong wa gaMasemola; 0 hlaselwa ke bolwetsi ge a

Ie fao, gomme 0 lewa ke moroto. Tladi 0 hwa e Ie motho wa go loka.

Motho a ka ipotsisa gore ke ka lebaka la eng ge motho wa go loka bjalo ka

Tladi a welwa ke mathata. Mongwadi 0 tsweletSa bohloko bjoo ge a

hlagisa manyami a batswadi Ie ba lapa, ka tsela yeo "human depth" e a

tswelela.

Ka tlhaloso yeo e filwego mo godimo go ka akaretswa diphapantSho tsa

baanegwa ba mehuta yeo ye mebedi, e lego moanegwahlaedi Ie

moanegwaphethegi ka tsela ye: Baanegwa ba babedi bao ba laolwa ke

dikgopolo tse pedi tsa go fapana.

Gabotse moanegwahlaedi 0 lebane Ie kgopolo ya go loka. Seo se ra gore

ga go bolelwe ka motho eupsa go bolelwa ka kgopolo. Baanegwa bao ka

moka ba emela go loka. Ge ba etswa tseleng mmadi 0 a ba sola. Ditaba

di laolwa ke tsa go loka, ke ka fao ge moanegwa a sa dire tsa go loka a

otlwago.

Ka lehlakoreng Ie lengwe moanegwaphethegi 0 laolwa ke kgopolo ya

botho. Baanegwa bao ba kwelwa bohloko ka gore ke batho. Gape ba na

Ie bofokodi bjoo motho mang Ie mang a nago Ie bjona.

Ka ge bjale go tsebja tlhaloso ye e feletsego ya moanegwahlaedi Ie

moanegwaphethegi, go tlo lekolwa gore baanegwa bao ba somisitswe

bjang mo dipukung tsa Sepedi. Dipuku tseo di yago go nepiswa ke Noto-

ya-Masogana (1954), Nnete Fe/a (1989), Tladi wa Dikgati (1971) Ie Lukas

Motshe/etshele (1963). Eupsa go tla tsewa mehlala go tswa go dikanegelo

tsa Sepedi Ie dipadi tse dingwe go t1aleletsa.

Ka mo go hlalositswego ka gona moanegwahlaedi ga a na botho, go ka

thwe semelo sa gagwe se laolwa ke go loka Ie ge e Ie go se loke ge e Ie

molwantshi. Ke ka tsela yeo go tlogo nepiswa molwantshwa Ie molwantshi

ge go bolelwa ka moanegwahlaedi. Tshekatsheko e tlo sepediswa ka

tsela ye:

Sa mathomo, semelo sa baanegwahlaedi bao se tlo bolelwa

Sa bobedi go tlo hlaloswa dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya Ie

molwantshwa

Sa boraro go tlo hlathollwa ditiragalo tsa go loka Ie tsa go se

loke.

Dipadinyana tse di tlogo sekasekwa malebana Ie kgopolo ya

moanegwahlaedi, ke Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) Ie Nnete Fela (1989).

Baanegwa ba babedi ba ba tlogo nepiswa ke Lesala Ie Lesibana, e lego

molwantshi Ie molwantshwa. Moanegwa yo bohlokwa mo ke Lesibana ka

gobane ke yena moanegwathwadi yo mmadi a ikgweranyago Ie yena.

Ge go lekodisiswa ka tlhokomelo go tlo lemogwa gore Lesibana 0 na Ie

mahlakore a mabedi, e lego la go loka Ie la go se loke.

Ditaba tsa go loka ga Lesibana di lebantshwa Ie tatagwe. Gabotse ke

Lesibana wa seriti, mafolofolo, Ie t1hompho. Seo se tsweletswa ke tlhaloso

ya mongwadi ge tatagwe a bolela Ie yena ka tsa go ya komeng. Lesibana

ga a mo fetole:

Ka gobane e Ie tlhompho gare ga batho ba

baso go se fetolane Ie motho yo mogolo

(Ietlakala 4).
Gape Lesibana ke motho wa go hlomphega setshabeng ka ge e Ie

mokgomana wa mosate. Ka tsela yeo ditaba tsa go loka di bonala

gabotse mo go yena.

Gape polelo ya Lesibana ge a laelana Ie Mamahlo kua seteiseneng ge a

eya Makgoweng e tsweletsa go loka ga gagwe, moo Lesibana a

tshepisago Mamahlo gore 0 tla boa a tla a mmeka. Gape 0 re ge e Ie gore

go na Ie motho yo a ka hlanogago e tla ba Mamahlo, e sego yena. Ditaba

tseo di kwala e Ie tse botse, tsa go kgahlisa tsa motho wa go loka.

Ge go hlaloswa Lesibana a soma, ge a fihla Makgoweng, go bontshwa

potego goba gona go tshepega, ka gore 0 soma ka maatla gore a tie a

kgone go phethagatsa tshepiso ya gagwe go Mamahlo, ya gore 0 tla boa a

tla a mmeka:

Mosemane a tsentsha garafu, a ngwatha

mafsika a mantsi .... (Ietlakala 29).

o tswela pele a re mosomo woo 0 0 tlwaetse ke thaloko (Ietlakala 29). Se

se laetsa gore Lesibana e sa Ie yola wa go loka, go swana Ie ge a tsebilwe

ge a tioga gae. Go tiisa kgopolo yeo Lesibana 0 re:

 Mamahlo ke somela mosadi wa ka, Mamahlo

gomme mohla ke fetsa fa ke ya go mo

gorosa (Ietlakala 29).

Mongwadi 0 tsweleditse Lesibana a boeletsa tshepiso ya gagwe yela a go e

dira go Mamahlo. Ke gore 0 sa tiisa gore Lesibana e sa Ie yola wa pele, 0

sa tiisetsa tshepiso yela ya gagwe.

Taba ya thaetlele ya puku ye Noto-ya-Masogana Ie yona e laetsa semelo

sa Lesibana gabotse: Ke motho wa maemo.

Lehlakore leo Ie sa lokago la Lesibana Ie tsweletswa ke ge bjale Lesibana a

thoma go tlwaela bophelo bja Makgoweng, a lebala ditshepiso tseo a di

dirilego go Mamahlo. Ge Lesibana a dira tsa go se loke go dungwa ge a

ka otlwa gore a boele e be motho wa go loka. Ge Lesibana a welwa ke

mathata ga go na yo a mo kwelago bohloko. Seo se ra gore bjale go a

tsebega gore 0 tla boa a ba motho wa go loka. Ge a phamoga tseleng ya

go loka, kotlo e swanetse go ba gona, ya go mmusetsa tseleng ya nnete.

Fela go loka ga gagwe go phala go se loke ga gagwe. Ke ka lebaka leo mo

mafelelong a dirago go loka, a nyala Mamahlo.

Go no swana Ie Lesibana, Lesala Ie yena 0 na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, e

lego la go loka Ie la go se loke. Lehlakore la go loka Ie bonala ge a eya

Makgoweng go yo somela magadi a go nyala Mamahlo, 0 tshepisa

Mamahlo gore a ka se mo dire tsa go swana Ie tseo Lesibana a mo dirilego.

Ke nnete Lesala 0 phethagatsa tshepiso ya gagwe 0 a boa. Ka gona go

bonala go loka mo go yena.

Bjale ge Lesala e Ie molwantshi, go tswelela lehlakore leo Ie sa lokago, ge a

thoma go fosa boLesibana ka maswika. Go lemogwa gore ga se motho wa

go loka. Ge Lesala a welwa ke mathata ga a kwelwe bohloko ka gore 0

fetogile, ga e sa Ie motho wa go loka. Go nyakega gore a otlwe gore a

kgone go boela tseleng, abuse e be motho wa go loka.

Go ka rungwa ka gore Lesibana Ie Lesala ke baanegwa ba babedi ba go

loka. Phapano ke gore Lesibana ke molwantshwa yoo mmadi a

ikgweranyago Ie yena. Ke ka lebaka leo go nyakegago gore Lesibana a

nyale Mamahlo. Pharela ke gore Lesala ga a eso a dira tsa go se loke bjale

a ka thibelwa bjang go nyala Mamahlo mola Ie yena e Ie motho wa go loka;

seo se godisa maatlakgogedi. Lesibana ge a dira tsa go se loke 0 a otlwa a

busa a loka gape, a amogelwa. Ge Lesala a thoma a fosa boLesibana ka

matlapa go thwe a otlwe, kotlo ya gagwe ke gore Lesibana a nyale

Mamahlo.
Pele go ka hlathollwa dithekniki tseo tsa go ikgweranya Ie kgopolo ye

thekniki e tlo hlaloswa.

Groenewald (1993: 17) 0 re thekniki ke mokgwa wo mongwadi a

tsweletsago moko wa ditaba pele ka gona. 0 tswela pele ka gore thekniki e

na Ie mediro ye mebedi e lego:

Go gatelela, go godisa, go tiisa kgopolo ye e itsego.

Go lebantsha kgopolo yeo Ie moko wa ditaba.

Ke ka lebaka lea Mampho (1999: 89) a rego thekniki ke kgopolo yeo e

lebanego Ie kamano. Kamano yeo e na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, e lego Ie Ie

tsepamego ("vertical") Ie Ie Ie rapamego ("horizontal"). Kamano yeo ke

yona e lemosago thekniki yeo.

Taba ye bohlokwa ke gore Lesibana ke molwantshwa ebile ke

moanegwathwadi yo mmadi a ikgweranyago Ie yena. Kgwerano yeo e

tiiswa ke dithekniki tseo mongwadi a di somisago. Dithekniki tseo di tlo

bolelwa:
Thekniki ya mathomo ke thaetlele, kgopolo yeo e tlo hlathollwa .

•:. Thaetlele

"Title is the distinguishing name attached to

any written production, a book, a section of a

book, a chapter, a SHORT STORY, a

POEM, etc.".

Holman 0 gatelela gore thaetlele ke leina lea puku e tsebegago ka lona.

Seo se bolela gore leina lea Ie bohlokwa ka gore motho a ka kgona go

lemoga mohuta wa puku yeo ka lona. Ke ka faD Mojalefa (1995: 97) a

rego thaetlele ke leina la puku goba la kgoboketso ya direto gob a

dikanegelokopana, ke gore ga e supe mohuta 0 tee wa sengwalo.

Ka thaetlele ya padinyana yeo e lego Noto-ya-Masogana (1963), "Lesibana"

o a retwa. Seo se bontsha gabotse gore ke senatla. Thekniki ya bobedi ke

nepiso. Kgopolo yeo e tlo hlaloswa.

Groenewald (1993: 23) ge a hlalosa nepiso 0 re ke ge mongwadi a nepisa

taba ka go e hlalosa. Ge a tswela pele Iona letlakaleng lea 0 re mongwadi

o kgona go nepisa taba ka go somisa moanegwa yo mongwe wa kanegelo

ya gagwe. Go ka thwe 0 nepisa ka go fetola tebelelo. Go tiisa kgonthe ya

se, Strachan (1988: 42) ore:

"Wanneer gebeurtenisse aangebied word,

geskied dit altyd vanuit 'n bepaalde visie of

gesigspunt. Die relasie tussen die visie en

dit wat gesien word, word aangedui met die

term fokalisering.

Taba yeo e bolela gore ke mokgwa woo ka wona mongwadi a tsweletsago

tebelelo ya gagwe mabapi Ie seo a se bonago. Go realo go ra gore nepiso

ke tebelelo ya mongwadi.

Ge dikgoro tsa puku ye di bulega, go bonala basemane ba oretse mollo.

Kgorong ya banna go tswelela Malose Kekane yoo a bego a sa boleIe bjalo

ka ba bangwe. 0 be a nagana gore nako ya go ya komeng ga morwa wa

gagwe e fihlile (Ietlakala 3). Ke ka fao a boditsego Podile, morwarragwe

gore a felegetse Maroga, e lego Lesibana komeng (Ietlakala 4). Go tioga

moo go bolelwa ka ga gagwe fela. Bjale mmadi 0 tseba gore padinyana ye

e na Ie molwantshwa, e lego Lesibana.

Thekniki ya boraro e na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, e lego theknikinyana ya

seipone Ie ya tekolapejana. Kgopolo yeo ya tekolapejana e tlo hlathollwa.

Serudu (1989: 48) 0 hlalosa kgopolo ya tekolapejana ka go re ke thekniki

yeo mongwadi a e dirisago ge a rata go tsweletsa seo se tlogo direga

mafelelong goba seo se utollago ditiragalo tseo di sa tlogo direga ka

moragonyana mo pUkung ya gagwe. Ge a tlaleletsa kgopolo yeo ya

Serudu, Cohen (1973: 185). 0 re:

"Foreshadowing is a technique whereby an

author uses details which suggest the

ultimate outcome of a plot or which

meaningfully precide the appearance of other

details in a literary work".

Seo se gatelelwago ke borateori ba ke gore mafelelong ditiragalo tseo di

bolelwago di tlo diragala.

Ditheknikinyana tseo di somisitswe ge go hlaloswa taelano ya Lesibana Ie

Mamahlo kua seteiseneng, ge ba be ba felegeditswe ke Mosadinyana. Ge

ba Ie moo Lesibana 0 tshepisa Mamahlo gore a ka se mo tlogele, 0 re ge e

Ie gore go na Ie motho yoo a tlago hlanoga e tla ba yena Mamahlo e sego

yena. Mosadinyana yena 0 ile a laela Lesibana gore a fihle a nyake Dikwata

gomme ge a mmone a mmotsise gore 0 gopolang ka yena.

(a) Tlhanogelo ya Lesibana, seo ke tekolapejana. Go laetsa gore

Lesibana e tlo ba Dikwata.

(b) Go kwela Mamahlo bohloko bjalo ka Mosadinyana, ke seipone

(moriti) seo se bontshago gore Mamahlo e tlo ba Mosadinyana.

Kwelobohloko yeo e godiswa ke ge Mamahlo a kgotlelela ka go se lebale

Lesibana, Ie ge a mo hlanogetse, seo se bonagala ge a botsa Lesala gore 0

be a na Ie lesogana lea Ie setsego Ie mo kgopetse lerato. Le ge a sa botse

Lesala eupsa 0 sa rata Lesibana. Ka go dira bjalo Mamahlo 0 be a gopola

gore Lesibana a ka tla a tswelela Lesala a sa ile Borwa, ka tao gwa se be

Ie molato ge a bekwa ke lesogana leo a Ie ratilego bonnyaneng bja gagwe

(Ietlakala 57). Ka tsela yeo mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie Lesibana, 0 rata gore a

tlogele tsa go se loke, a boele gae go nyala Mamahlo. Taba yeo e tiisa

maatlakgogedi. Seo mmadi a se tsebago ke gore Lesibana 0 tlo tlogela tsa

go se loke, tela ga a tsebe gore taba yeo e tlo direga ka tsela mang? Seo

Ie sona e sa Ie maatlakgogedi. Tsela yeo e tlo hlaloswa ka ditiragalo tse:

Bohlokwa bja ditiragalo ke bja go godisa maatlakgogedi ka gobane go se

loke ga Lesibana go golela pele. Tiragalo ye nngwe Ie ye nngwe ya go se

loke e latelwa ke kotlo yeo e tlogo tlisa tiragalo ya go loka. Go se loke go a

gola mola ka lehlakoreng Ie lengwe kotlo Ie yona e golela pele.

Go se loke ga Lesibana 0 ka re go tsweletswa ka tsela ya go somisa

thekniki ya tekolapejana. Ge Mamahlo Ie Lesibana ba laelana mongwadi 0

somisitse thekniki ya tekolapejana ka tsela ya moriti goba sona seipone.

Ge Mosadinyana a botsa Lesibana gore ge a fihla Makgoweng a nyake

Dikwata gomme a mmotsise gore 0 gopolang ka yena, Mamahlo 0 be a

tshogile. 0 be a gopola gore Lesibana 0 tla re go fihla Makgoweng a mo

dira tseo Dikwata a di dirilego Mosadinyana. Ge e Ie Lesibana yena 0 ile a

tshepisa Mamahlo gore 0 tla boa a tla a mmeka. 0 boletse gore ge e Ie

gore go tla ba Ie motho yo a hlanogago, motho yoo e tla ba Mamahlo, e

sego yena. Ka tsela yeo mongwadi 0 somisitse thekniki ya tekolopejana go

gatelela seo se tlogo diragalela Mamahlo. Go a tsebega gore Lesibana 0

tla ela sa ruri a swana Ie Dikwata yoo a siilego Mosadinyana nyanyeng.

Mongwadi 0 nepisa Lesibana Ie Mamahlo ge ba Ie seteiseng, go laelana

gona moo ke tiragalo ye bohlokwa ka gore go a tsebega gore seo Mamahlo

a se bolelago se t1a diragala. Mongwadi 0 oketsa tiragalo yeo ka go

tsentsha baanegwa ba bangwe, e lego Mosadinyana Ie Dikwata. Ka go

realo 0 tsweletsa moriti. Lesibana ke moriti wa Dikwata, mola Mamahlo e Ie

moriti wa Mosadinyana. Gabotse Mamahlo ke motho yo mobotse wa go

loka wa tlhompho. Ke ka baka leo a kwelwago bohloko ka ge go se na

bosodi mo go yena.

Mosadinyana Ie yena ke motho wa go hloka bosodi. 0 kwelwa bohloko ge

a bolela ka ga Dikwata kua seteiseneng. Go dungwa ge Dikwata a ka boa

a tla a mo nyala ka gore ke motho wa go loka.

Taba yeo ya tekolapejana e sa bonagala gape ge Lesibana a Ie kgolegong

a lora. 0 lorile toro yeo e ilego ya mo sokolla. 0 be a lora ka Mamahlo. Ka

toro yeo mongwadi 0 lemosa babadi gore Lesibana Ie Mamahlo ba tlo

nyalana. K:.ayona mmadi 0 lemoswa seo se tlogo direga kua pele. Taba ye

e tshwenyago ke gore Lesala ga a eso a dira phoso. Taba yeo e godisa

maatlakgogedi ka gore go sa ikgweranywa Ie yena. Ga go tsebege gore

ditaba !Seo di tlo kgonega ge di phuthologa.

Gauteng, Lesibana 0 itlwaeditse tikologo yeo; 0 thoma go phela bjalo ka

bathe bao. Gona moo 0 dira tsa go se loke. Seo se bonagala ge ba ile

ntlong ya balwetsi gomme Lesibana a bona makgarebe a mabotse, mme a

ba duma, e lego tiragalo ya mathomo ya go se loke. Seo se tiiswa ke ge a

re go Lemeko:

... kgarebe tse a se ka botsana, nna ke rata

yola wa nokana 0 ka re mantlhakanoke ...Ge

nka ratwa ke yena aowa Ie gae nka go

lebala (Ietlakala 39).

Se se dira gore Lesibana a fetoge e be motho wa go se loke, ka go duma

basadi ba Makgoweng mola a tshepisitse Mamahlo kua gae gore 0 tla boa

a tla a mmeka. Fela mo 0 bolela gore ge a ka dumelwa ke yoo Ie gae a ka

go lebala. Seo se ra gore 0 setse a thomile go palelwa ke ditshepiso tsa

gagwe.

Lemeko 0 ile a sola Lesibana ge ba Ie tseleng ba boela kompong. 0

mmoditse gore a se hlwe a buseletsa taba ya mohuta woo ka gore tsatsi Ie

lengwe ba tla mo kwa a tsena mathateng. 0 ile a mmotsa gore ge a tletse

mabu bjalo 0 gopola gore a ka ipea kgauswi Ie dikgarebe tsa baoki. 0 mo

lemositSe gore 0 tshepisitse Mamahlo. Lesibana 0 ile a itshola, ka gona 0 a

lebalelwa ka ge a itshotse.
Ge Lesibana a dira tsa go se loke 0 a otlwa gore a boele e be motho wa go

loka. Seo se ra gore go lebelelwa ditiragalo tsa go loka fela. Ga go na taba

Ie tsa go se loke tseo a di dirago.

Go ka thwe Lemeko ke letswalo la Lesibana. Ge Lesibana a nyaka go tswa

tseleng, 0 gopola Lemeko, 0 bethwa ke letswalo, ka go tseba gore a ka se

dumele ge a dira tse mpe mola a tshepisitse Mamahlo kua gae.

Tiragalo ye e lebane Ie molato, kotlo, go itshola Ie go amogelwa. Gabotse 0

ka re tiragalo ya mathomo e be e se ye e tshwenyago kudu, seo se ra gore

go se loke bjale go a gola. Go itlwaetsa bophelo bja Makgoweng ga

Lesibana go lebanywa Ie go gola ga go se loke.

Lesibana ga e sa Ie lesogana la go makatswa ke tsa Gauteng bjalo ka ge a

fihlile fao la mathomo. 0 fetoga motho yo mofsa yo a tlwaetsego Gauteng.

Phetogo yeo e laetswa ke tse a di rekago, a di aparago, ge a sena go

amogela mogolo wa gagwe wa mathomo gomme a leba lebenkeleng la

Matshipisana Ie Lemeko. Tsebe 0 hlalosa tseo a di rekago ka botlalo, Ie ge

e Ie se se se nago mohola wo mogolo bjale ka peipi. Le ge diaparo tseo di

sa lebana Ie tsa senti sa ka teng ga motho, mongwadi 0 di somisa go laetsa

phetogo ya semelo goba senti goba maikutlo a Lesibana. Lesibana bjale 0

fetogile, ke wa Makgoweng ka ge a rekile diaparo tsa batho ba moo

gammogo Ie dipeipi tseo a bego a se natso ge a Ie gae Ie ge a sa fihla

Makgoweng. Tsebe 0 hlalosa phetogo ye go ba tiragalo ya go se loke ya

bobedi. E swanetse go feta ya mathomo ka bohlokwa. Phetogo yeo ya

Lesibana, e tiiswa ke tiragalo ya go se loke ya bobedi. Ka tsela yeo

ditiragalo tsa go se loke di a gola.

Tiragalo ye nngwe e tsweletswa ke batho bao Lesibana a gahlanago nabo,

e lego Mpe, Thema Ie Tholo, go tshabela Lemeko, e lego letswalo la gagwe

Ie go yo nwa bjala kua ntotomeng ya moepo. Kotlo ye e lebanego Ie molato

woo ke go thetswa, go wa, Ie go se fetse go itheta maina (Ietlakala 35).

Fela kotlo ye kgolo ke "papalase" ya letsatsi la go latela ge ba theogela

mosomong. Kwano ye nngwe ke gore Tholo ke yo mongwe yo a gotsego Ie

Lesibana; ba a tsebana. Ge go yo lebelelwa tseo di lebanego Ie Fidase,

tseo e lego tsa go se loke, tse dikgolo, go na Ie Manthipe yo a tsebanago Ie

Lesibana, bjalo ka Tholo. 0 ka re Manthipe Ie Tholo ba tiisa kwano gare ga

go se loke go gonnyane Ie go gogolo.

Ditaba tsa Lesibana Ie Lemeko ke tse nnyane ge di lebantshwa Ie tse di

tlago ka Sontaga se se latelago. Tsebe 0 di somisitse bjalo ka moriti wa tse

kgolo tse di t1ago. Batho ba go se loke moo go gogolo e sa Ie Mpe Ie Tholo,

Ie go tshabela Lemeko go sa Ie gona. Phapano ke gore Sontaga seo ba ile

ba nwa bjala kua Fidase ga Manthipe, e sego ntotomeng ya moepo. Moo

go lemogwa gabotse ka mo mongwadi a somisago tikologo go laetsa

bogolo bja go se loke. Go ya ka tlhaloso yeo Fidase ga se mo go lego

khutso. Kgopolo yeo Tsebe 0 e gatelela ka go gegea ge a re Fidase ke

motse wo Makgowa a 0 bitsago Vrededorp (Ietlakala 35). Ke gore "tom po

ya khutso". Ka go akaretsa 0 hlalosa gore Fidase ke gona mo batho ba

bantsi ba lahlagetswego ke maphelo a bona ka dithipa tsa dikebekwa Ie

ditagwa. Ke gona mo ba bantsi ba lahlagetswego ke setho gona, gomme

ba phela bjalo ka dikolobe ka marageng (Ietlakala 36).

Ka tsela yeo mongwadi 0 gatelela bokgopo bjo boLesibana ba bo tletsego

fao. Ke ka lebaka lea boManthipe ba swanetsego go tswalela mabati, ba

tshaba maphodisa a a tsamago a swara batho ba go nwa bjala. Go nwa

bjala go emela bokgopo bjo bogologolo. Ke moka ge ba tsena ga Manthipe

mabati a a tswalelwa, morwedi wa gagwe a ema ka ntle go lebelela ge

maphodisa a etla.

Bjale Tsebe 0 hlalosa seo e lego bokgopo bjo bogolo, bjala. Ka go bitsa

maina ao a mehutahuta a bjala, 0 gatelela bosoro Ie bogale bja bjona. Ke

boHops, Barbeton, bjalobjalo. Go tioga moo go hlaloswa bogale bja dino

tseo, Ie ka moo boLesibana ba tsenago bothateng ka gona. Tlhaloso yeo e

sepela ka dikgato, ka go bane Tsebe 0 godisa maatlakgogedi ka mo a

latelantshago dikgato ka gona.

Kgato ya mathomo ke matseno a ditaba. Ke ge go bulwa bjala bja

mathomo, fela se bohlokwa ke polelo ya Manthipe ge a ba gapeletsa go

nwa. 0 re tabakgolo ke boJakopo Ie boLang Jan, maphodisa a Makgowa

ao a swarago bao ba nwago bjala. Bjala bjoo ba ka no bo khutsetsa bo

setse bo Ie ka maleng, ka gobane maphodisa ao ga a na mogau Ie

pelotlhomogi. Ke ka mokgwa wo mongwadi a tsweletsago bogolo bja go se

loke ga Lesibana. Ke gore fao a yago go ya go nwewa.

Kgaolo ya bobedi ke ge ba rarologa maleme, bosaedi bjo bo laetswa ke ge

Lesibana a thoma go bolela ka Mamahlo. Mo Tsebe a somisago thekniki

ya phapantsho. Lereo lee Ie tlo hlaloswa.

"Contrast is the juxtaposition of opposites

details, concepts, or people".

Gabotse go ka thwe phapantsho ke thekniki yeo e somiswago go gatelela

go bontsha dilo tse pedi tsa go fapana. Ke ka fao Serudu (1989: 39) a

hlalosago lereo lee ka tsela ye:

Phapantsho ke mokgwa wa go bapetsa

diswantsho goba dikgopolo tse pedi tse di sa

swanego ka nepo ya go hlalosa taba goba

ditiragalo ka tsela ya maatlakgogedi.

Ge go ka hlokomelwa ka tshwanelo go tlo lemogwa gore Serudu 0

gatelela gore phapantsho e bapetsa dikgopolo tse pedi tsa go se swane.

Mongwadi 0 fapantsha Mamahlo yo a se nago bosodi Ie ga Manthipe kua

go lego bosaedi. Leina lea la Mamahlo Ie gopotsa mmadi nakong ya ge

Lesibana a tshepisa Mamahlo go se mo lebale. Tabakgolo ke gore 0 thoma

go mo gopola ge a tagilwe. Mongwadi 0 nyaka go lemosa mmadi maatla a

bjala go fetosa motho sebata. Fela pele ga ge a ka tsweletsa maatla ao a

bjala, a a kgonago go fetosa motho sebata, 0 somisa kgato ye nngwe, e

lego ya boraro.

Bjale Tsebe 0 tiisa bosoro Ie maatla a bjala go fetisa. Bjo ba setsego ba bo

nwele ga se selo, ke ka tao ba rekago tse thata, go thwe di tla ba

phakisetsa go ya dihlogong, seo se tlogo ba tsentsha kotsing. Mongwadi 0

rata go bontsha bosoro bjoo bo tlogo tliswa ke bjala bjoo. Mongwadi 0

diegisa nako ka tsela yeo ka gobane ke tiragalo ye bohlokwa. 0 a e

gatelela, tela ka tlhaloso ye e segisago. Gape tshegiso yeo e laetsa tse di

tlago. Le ge bosoro bja tse ba di nwago bo godile, Tsebe 0 sa tswela pele

ka go bo gatelela go fetisisa. Go ka thwe 0 somisa boipoeletso. Kgopolo

ye e ya go hlathollwa.

Mojalefa (1994: 174) 0 hlalosa boipoeletso gore ke mokgwa wo mongwadi

a 0 somisago go tsweletsa ditiragalo tse di swanago; a ka di boeletsa mo

matelong a a fapanago. 0 hlalosa gore ditiragalo tse go bolelwago ka

tsona di ka tsweletswa ke batho ba go fapana ka dinako tsa go fapana ka

nepo ya go gatelela. Ge e Ie Rimmon-Kenan (1983: 56) yena 0 hlatholla

kgopolo yeo ka go re:

"Frequency involves repetition, and repetition

is a mental contrast attained by elimination of

the specific qualities of speech occurence

and a preservation of only those qualities

which it shares with similar occurences".

Sa thomile go nwa bjala. Go tioga moo ba reka semetlana sa bja Sekgowa.

Ka morago ba re ga bo lekane ba reka semetlana se segolo. Ka tsela yeo

Tsebe 0 hlalosa go golela pele ga go se loke ga Lesibana. Ge ba rekile

semetlana seo se sennyane Thema 0 thoma go ba tshelela, bjo bongwe 0

bo tshollela fase a re ke bja badimo. Tlhompho yeo, e laetsa maatla a

bjala. Se bohlokwa ke ge Tholo a kgotsa go baba ga bjala bjoo. Seo se

laetsa gore bjale ba nwa bjala bjo bogale. Ditlamorago tsa go nwa bjala

bjoo di tla swana Ie go baba ga bjona. Tabakgolo ke gore mongwadi 0 ile a

re semetlana seo ke se sennyane. 0 yo godisa maatlakgogedi ka ge ba sa

ya go reka se segolo.

Taba ye kgolo fa, e lebane Ie sebata, ka gobane e tsweletsa thekniki ya

boipoeletso. Se (sebata) se swantshwa bjalo ka ge se tlo usa batho. Ge

ba nwele galase ya bobedi ya bjala bjoo bo rilego go fela, ba reka

semetlana se sengwe seo se ilego sa thoma go ntsha mokgwa. Galase ya

mathomo ya semetlana seo ke yona e thomilego go lepeletsa boLesibana

melomo, mahlo Ie ona a sara kana gomme ditsebe Ie !Sona tsa thoma go lIa

melodi ye mentsi. Se se bontsha gore bjale Lesibana 0 tshetse mellwane,

9a a sa tseba gore ke yena mang? Le gona mo Tsebe 0 somisitse thekniki

ya go diegisa nako. Go tla tsinkelwa ka sedi kgopolo yeo.

Lekganyane (1997: 99) 0 bolela gore go diegisa nako go lemogwa ge go

bapetswa nako ya diteng Ie ya thulaganyo. Mongwadi gantsi 0 diegisa

nako go tiisa maatlakgogedi, go gatelela taba ye bohlokwa. Taba yeo e

tiisetswa ke Mojalefa (1993: 103) ka gore 0 re go diegisa nako ke ge mmadi

a itemogela gore mongwadi 0 hlalosa tiragalo goba taba ka tlhokomelo ye e

se nago tekanyetso.

Ditaba 0 di hlalositse ka botlalo. Mmadi 0 tseba mo di yago gona. 0 thoma

go fela pelo, eupsa tlhaloso yeo e a mo kgahla, e a mo segisa.

Kgato ya mafelelo ke sehloa sa tlhaloso ya moletlwana woo. Ge ba

tshedisa Lesibana galase yeo ba bego ba swanetse go mo fa yona, ba be

ba bona seemo sa gagwe se Ie sora gore a ka tswela pele go nwa. Galase

yeo e ile ya neelwa Tholo ka kgopolo ya gore Lesibana ga a bone selo. Ka

go dira bjalo ba be ba sa lemoge kotsi ye soro yeo e tlago. Tholo 0 ile a sa

re 0 e bea molomong, Lesibana a be a setse a e bone ka seeta. Se se

laetsa gore bjale go fihlilwe sehloeng sa mathata. Tholo 0 ile a thoma go

dutla madi gomme Lesibana a nyaka go Iwa Ie bona ka moka. Mongwadi 0

tsweleditse boitshwaro bja Lesibana bjo bobe pepeneneng. Gape se se

laetsa phetogo ya Lesibana, ga e sa Ie yola wa maloba ge a fihla

Makgoweng a etswa gae. 0 fetogile, 0 itirile tau ya Makgoweng yeo e

gagolago, 0 thoma go gobatsa batho. Taba yeo ke molato wo mogolo.

Ge ba boela kompong Thema 0 ile a kgala Lesibana ka bogale. Mongwadi

mo 0 rata go tsweletsa se sengwe. Mathomong Lesibana 0 kgadilwe ke

motho wa go loka yo bonolo, e lego Lemeko. Lehono 0 kgalwa ke motho

wa go se loke, wa go mo nyatsa. Thema ge a kgala Lesibana 0 be a mo

gobosa Ie go mo tlontlolla go Mamahlo.

Ka morago ga ge Thema a sena go kgala Lesibana, 0 ile a itshola. Mo

tiragalong ye mongwadi 0 somisa kgegeo ka gore Lesibana 0 tshepisitse

Mamahlo kua gae, bjale so 0 dira tseo Mamahlo a ka se di amogelego.

Lesibana 0 dirile tsa go se loke, 0 otlilwe, gape 0 itshotse gomme 0 a

amogelwa.

Gabotse mo go ka thwe go se loke go a gola gape Ie kotlo ya gona e a

gola. Go itlwaetsa bophelo bja Gauteng go lekana Ie go dira tsa go se loke

ga Lesibana. Se se lemogwa ge Lesibana a apara diaparo tse botse

gomme a re boTholo ga ba natso. Gape 0 sepela a nnosi. Seo se ra gore

melato yeo a tlogo e dira e tla lebana yena a nnosi. Mo mongwadi 0

tsweleditse thekniki ya phapantsho, ga e sa Ie Lesibana yola a tsebjago, 0

fetogile, bjale ke motho wa Makgoweng. Fela mongwadi 0 a mo gegea.

Ge a mo gegea, mongwadi 0 somisa thekniki ya phapantsho. Thekniki yeo

e tlo hlaloswa gabotse ke leeto la gagwe go ya Fidase. Lona Ie tla arolwa

ka dikgato go godisa maatlakgogedi.

Ge a fihla Fidase Lesibana 0 ile a thoma go nyaka ga Manthipe. 0 go

nyakile go fihlela a felelwa ke tshepo ka gore dintlo ka moka di be di swana.

Mo mongwadi 0 fapantsha Lesibana Ie boTholo bao ba tsebago felo fao.

Tlala e ile ya thoma go ipha maatla go noto ya masogana. A bona gore go

kaone a hwetse sa go swara mala. Diaparo tsa botshephi ga di thuse selo

ge a swerwe ke tlala.

Ge a lebelela, Lesibana a bona basadi ba go rekisa dingathana Ie

dihlogwana tsa dinku. A gopola go ka reka, gomme mogopolo wa re 0 tla

itshenya bothakga bja gagwe ka go dira bjalo. A bona gore ga se

tshwanelo gore lesogana la go swana Ie yena Ie ka bonwa Ie elwa Ie

hlogwana ya nku gare ga tsela. Se se ra gore Lesibana 0 itlwaeditse

bophelo bja Gauteng. Mongwadi 0 fapantsha Lesibana wa pele ge a etla

Gauteng Ie Lesibana wa Gauteng. Lesibana 0 fetogile, 0 thoma go nyatsa

dijo tsa bathe ba bangwe. 0 bona di sa mo swanela.

Lesibana 0 ite go tioga faD bathong ba go rekisa dingathana a gahlana Ie

Madlamini yo a mo tshepisitsego go mo rekisetsa dijo ka theko ya fase.

Tikologo ya kua ga Madlamini e fapana Ie ya ga Manthipe. E bontsha e Ie

tikologo ya go hloka mathata ka gore e na Ie ditulo tsa manongonongo Ie

bjala bja Sekgowa. Kua ga Manthipe go be go na Ie maphodisa, ba be ba

sa nwe ka go lokologa, fela mo ba nwa ka go lokologa ka gore ge

maphodisa a fihla Madlamini 0 ba fa semetlana sa bona.

Atmosfere ya kua ga Madlamini ke ya boiketlo. Se se lemogwa ge

Lesibana a ile go fiwa dijo, Madlamini a bea semetlana tafoleng, ka morago

ga galase ya mathomo Lesibana a kgopela go apola paki gomme a e

kgwagetsa ka morago ga lebati mo a bego a beile "khuse" ya gagwe. 0 be

a setse a rotse dieta a di beite ka fase ga tafola. Se se bontsha gore go

iketlilwe, ke gae ga mahlaku. Gape mo Tsebe 0 gatelela Ie mokgwa wa

Lesibana wa boitshwaro. Atmosfere ye e fapana Ie ya kua ga Manthipe ka

gore kua ga Manthipe ba be ba enwa morwedi wa gagwe a Ie lebating a

lebeletse maphodisa ge a etla.

Atmosfere ye e ile ya fetoga ge Lesibana a fetsa go ja, Lesibana 0 i1ego

ipshina Madlamini a tlosa digalase tafoleng. 0 ile 0 boloka dibjana a boa a

re a mo lefe ponto. Lesibana 0 ile a tsea gore ke metlae. Gona moo

mongwadi 0 sa tsweletsa boitshwaro bja Lesibana bja go ikgantsha.

Madlamini 0 boditse Lesibana gore ga a raloke, 0 nyaka ponto ya gagwe, e

sego bjalo 0 tla mo hlagisetsa kotsi. Boikgantsho ga se bja mo thusa selo.

Tsebe 0 a mo gegea. Go laetsa thulano ye kgolo.

Lesibana 0 ganne go bona Madlamini a re "feke" ka ge motho a be a kokota

a be a setse a Ie lefastereng. A Ie kalela a wela ka mafuri, a thoma go

tshaba. Taba ye e na Ie tshegiso ka gore bjale mahlale a Lesibana a fedile.

Mongwadi 0 tsweleditse phapano ge Lesibana a etla Fidase Ie ge a boela

morago. 0 tlile Fidase a tsatsanka a ikgantsha. Fela 0 boela morago ka

tsela ya go segisa. Ga a sa lebelela Ie morago ge a tioga. 0 tsene ka

lebati fela 0 tswa ka lefastere. Lesibana yola a bego a ikgantsha a re

boTholo ga ba na diaparo tse dibotse, lehono diaparo tseo di mo hlafetse

ebile 0 di tlogetse morago ge a tshaba.

Madlamini 0 He go bona Lesibana a tshaba a hlaba mokgosi a re lehodu Ie

mo tshabela ka tshelete ya gagwe. Lesibana 0 ile a foswa ka maswika Ie

ka ditena tsa mo lahla fase. 0 ile a kgona go tsoga a tshaba. Ge a fihla

kompong 0 bonwe ke Tholo yoo a ilego a kgokologa ka disego ge a bona a

rurugile sefahlego. 0 ile a tshoga ge a bona a dutla madi hlogong. Thema

o ile ge a fihla go yena a re "e tla be e se powana, lesogana la Mamahlo.

Lehono gona 0 tswa go gahlana Ie thaka tsa gago" (Ietlakala 45).

Thema 0 be a gopotsa Lesibana tsa morago tseo a di dirilego. Taba ya

"Iesogana la Mamahlo" e bohlokwa kudu ka gore lesogana lela Ie

tshepisitsego Mamahlo lehono sele Ie dira tseo Mamahlo a ka se di ratego.

Lesibana 0 ile a itshola. Se se tiiswa ke ge a ikana gore a ka se sa ya

Fidase. Gape ge go iwa Fidase 0 be a sala Ie Lemeko yoo e lego letswalo

la gagwe (Ietlakala 45). Se se bontsha gore Lesibana 0 a itshola ka go

realo 0 a amogelwa.

Taba ya mafelelo ya go se loke ga Lesibana yeo e tIoga mo isa fase ke ge

a gahlana Ie Dikwata yoo a ipitsago Jimmie. Lesibana a thoma go duma

Dikwata. 0 ile go bona tshelete yea Jimmie a e dirago, a fetosa mogopolo

wa go ya gae.

Taba ya gore Lesibana a se boele gae e dira gore a dire molato wo mogolo,

e lego go tlogela Mamahlo Ie go dula Ie Nora. Sea se godisa

maatlakgogedi ka gore go tla ratwa go tseba gore ka gore Lesibana a dula

Ie Nora go tla direga eng ka Mamahlo yo a mo letilego kua gae. Lesibana a

tshepisa Nora go mmeka. Taba ye bohlokwa ke gore bjale ga go tsebege

gore Lesibana a tlo beka Mamahlo goba Nora. Fela mo go itswalanywa Ie

Mamahlo.

Mathata a Lesibana a thoma ge a eya go nyaka Nora a sa mo hwetse.

Nora a tshabile ka phahlo Ie tshelete ya gagwe. 0 ile a leba mo a

laetswego gore Nora 0 ile gona. 0 fihlile e setse e Ie bosego, gomme a ya

go kokota diphaposing tsa basomi. 0 ile a sa kokota mongmotse a

tswelela. Ge a botsiswa gore 0 bewa ke eng fao, a re 0 nyaka lekgarebe

lea Ie tlilego tao mosegare. Lekgowa la re ke lehodu, ga go motho yo a

tIiIego tao. Lesibana 0 ile a biletswa maphodisa a swarwa.

Go swarwa moo ke selo se bohlokwa kudu ka gore Lesibana 0 tla otlwa ka

kotlo ya go mo swanela, yeo e tlago sokolla monagano wa gagwe. 0 ile a

ahlolelwa dikgwedi tse tharo kgolegong ntle Ie teto. Ge a Ie kgolegong 0 ile

a gopola gore 0 swerwe ka baka la gore a itebaditse tshepiso ya gagwe go

Mamahlo, 0 ile a itshola. Ka gona Lesibana 0 a lebalelwa, 0 a amogelwa.

Mathomong Lesala ke motho wa go loka ka gore 0 ile a tshepisa Mamahlo

gore yena a ka se mo dire tsa bosula go swana Ie Lesibana. 0 mmoditse

gore 0 tla ya go soma gomme ge a boa 0 tla tla a mmeka. Lesala 0 ile a

phethagatsa tshepiso ya gagwe. Ka gona 0 tswelela e Ie motho wa go laka.

o ile go boa ba lokisa tsa lenyalo. Ditaba di ile tsa tetoga ge Lesibana a

boa.

Mathata a tsoga ge Lesibana a tshabisa Mamahlo. Sona seo ke se se ilega

sa betedisa Lesala. Ge Lesibana a tso tsea Mamahlo moo a bego a ma

tshabiseditse gona, Lesala Ie bagwera ba gagwe ba ile ba ba emela ka

nokeng. Ge boLesibana ba fihla Lesala 0 ile a ba Iwantsha a rata go ntsha

Lesibana kotsi. Ka tsela yeo Lesala yola e bego e Ie motho wa go loka

bjale 0 fetogile, ke motho wa go se loke. 0 bonagala bjale e Ie motho yo

mosoro.

Mmadi ga a ikgweranye Ie Lesala ka gobane ga se molwantshwa wa go

nepiswa. Dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya ga di a lebana Ie yena. Go ka se

dumelwe ge Lesala a ka kweswa bohloko a se a dira tsa go se loke.

Gabotse mo go Lesibana Ie Lesala ga go na botho. Mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie

tsa go loka. Ge Lesibana a dira tsa go se loke, 0 swanetse go otlwa. Mo

go lemogwa bosilo bja Lesala ge a fosa maswika a nyaka go betha

boLesibana ka ona. Seo se bontsha gore bjale Lesala ga e sa Ie motho wa

go loka ka gona 0 swanetswe ke kotlo.

Ge go ka hlokomedisiswa gabotse go tlo lemogwa gore baanegwa ba

Nnete Fela (1989) Ie ba Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) ba a tapana. Ge go

lebelelwa Lesibana go bonwa motho wa go loka mathomong, a tetoga a

ba motho wa go se loke, matelelong a tetoga gape ya ba motho wa go

loka. Go no swana Ie Lesala mo mathomong 0 lokile eupsa a tla a tetoga

ya ba motho yo a sa lokago. Eupsa go hlakanwa Ie Ariel mo go Nnete

Fela (1989) e Ie motho wa go loka go tioga mathomong a padi go tihla

matelelong. Mola ka lehlakoreng Ie lengwe sindikheiti e se ya loka go

tioga mathomong go fihla matelelong. Phapano yona yeo e lebane Ie

mohuta wa sengwalo. Gabotse Nnete Fela (1989) go ka thwe ke

paditseka mola Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) e Ie padi ya lerato.

Magapa (1997: 3) ge a hlatholla paditseka 0 re e bolela ka ga nyakisiso ye

e utollago taba ye e sa kwesisegego, e lege sephiri. Go tlaleletsa kgopolo

ye Stewart (1980: 12) 0 hlalosa gore paditseka ke kanegelo yeo go yona

monyakisisi goba letseka Ie swaraganego Ie go utolla bosenyi.

Gabotse paditseka e swanetse go ba Ie molwantshwa yoo a atlegago

dinyakisisong tsa gagwe. Ke ka tsela yeo Murch (1968: 84) a rego:

"A detective story is a tale which the primary

interest lies in the methodical discovery, the

rational means, of the exact circumstances ot

a mysterious event or series of events."

Go ruma kgopolo ya seo paditseka e lego sona, go ka thwe kgopolo yeo e

akaretswa gabotse ke Dresden (1957: 116) ge are:

"En niet handhaaft hy "de wet", hy is als het

ware de wet zeit, een inca mati van het

goede."

"Voorlopig kan men volstaan met

constateren dat die detective op een

bepaalde wyze recht uitoefent, dat de lezer

in hem die verdediger ziet niet alleen van wet

en orde, maar daarmede ook van recht. De

detective is die held, die in dienst staat van

 wat goed is, ja van het Goede Zelf, en dus

noodzakelijkerwijze de misdaad en in het

algemeen het kwade bestrijdt" (matlakala

116 - 117).

Go ka rungwa ka gore molwantshwa, e lego letseka, ke wa go loka.

Dresden 0 re ke yena wa go loka. Molwantshi, e lego sindikheiti, ke

baanegwa ba go se loke. Ke gore seo Dresden a se hlalosago gore ke

'kwade', ke go se loke.

Tlhathollo ye e ya go nepisa baanegwa ba babedi, e lego molwantshi Ie

molwantshwa. Yona e tlo sepediswa ka tsela ye:

- Taba ya pele ke tlhaloso ya semelo sa baanegwa bao

- Taba ya bobedi ke ge go hlathollwa dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya,

mmadi Ie molwantshwa

- Taba ya boraro ke ge go tsinkelwa ditiragalo tsa baanegwa bao ba

lebanego Ie go se loke

Go tlo lemogwa gore Ariel 0 na Ie lehlakore Ie tee la go loka ka mo Dresden

a boletsego ka gona. Go tioga mathomong a padi go fihla mafelelong, Ariel

ke motho wa go loka. Go loka ga gagwe go tsweletswa ke mongwadi mo

letlakaleng la pele, ge Ariel a lebeletse basomedi ba dikantorong tsa

komisinare ka Tshwane ge ba hlokomologile molokoloko wo 0 golago ka

morago ga khaontara. Sa bolela ka tsa mokato wa dipere, mongwadi 0

thoma go hlalosa semelo sa Ariel ka go re:

Tse bjalo ka tse Ariel ga a ke a kgona go di

kgotlelela Ie gannyane. Gomme lebakeng

lee 0 ile a edimola, a lebelela sesupanako

letsogong la gagwe, a letsa lentlha.

Taba ye e laetsa semelo sa Ariel gabotse gore ke motho wa go loka yoo a

ratago bathe ba somela setshaba ka botshepegi.

Se sengwe se bohlokwa seo se swanetsego go lemogwa ke ge moanegwa

a bolela. Gona mo dikantorong Ariel 0 sa tswelela e Ie motho wa go loka.

Seo se tiisetswa ke polelo ya gagwe nakong ya ge mosomedi wa kantorong

a bolela Ie lekgarebe tsoko. Mosomedi yo 0 be a feditse go thusa

lekgarebe lee ka tsa mangwalo a lona gomme a no Ie ditela go tioga faD ka

go Ie botsa tseo tse botse tsa tse e sego tsa selo. Gatee mosomedi yoo Ie

lekgarebe ba ile ba garoswa ke go kibiwa ga khaontara. Ge ba gadima ba

gahlana Ie sefahlego se se thatafilego sa Ariel. Polelo ya Ariel e a latela:

Hee mokgomana, 0 t1antshwarela kudu go

kgaoletsa kgang yeo ya lena ye bose. Fela

 o tla elelwa gore ye ke nako ya modiro e

sego ya magang a bjalo ka ao (Ietlakala 3).

Ge a realo Ariel 0 be a Ie gare a kiba godimo ga khaontara, a bolela ka

lentsu Ie legolo, a tsepeletse ka mahlong a mosomedi yoo. Seo se laetsa

ka botlalo gore Ariel ga a kgahlwe ke dilo tsa go se tsebalege, nako ya

mosomo ke ya mosomo, dipapadi di tla ka morago ga mosomo.

Semelo sa Ariel se sa utollwa gape ke ka moo baanegwa ba bangwe ba

mmolelago ka gona. Ka morago ga ge sindikheiti e romile Bubbles go yo

lokolla sengwalo seo sa Karabo go Ariel, Bubbles 0 ile a lemoga dilo tse

pedi. Gore 0 be a phositse kudu ge a ile a nagana gore go tlilo ba bonolo

kudu go lokolla sengwalo sela sa kotsi diatleng tsa Ariel Meso. Le gore 0

be a iphorile ge a be a nagana gore go tseba Ariel ka nama e tla ba tiragalo

ye e thabisago go yena, gobane ye e mo nyamisitse go teta peleng. Polelo

ya Bubbles ka ga Ariel, ge a paletswe go lokolla sengwalo e bile ye:

Eupsa 0 tioga a thatata kudu ka sona

Tate; ke lekile kudu tela ga a tsenege

(Ietlakala 71).

Ge a tswela pele a bolela Ie Kwena, mabapi Ie ge Kwena a bolela gore ga a

bone ge Ariel a ka ba palela, Bubbles 0 re:

 Ariel Meso 0 tioga a Ie ka mo ke boditsego

tate, 0 bothata (Ietlakala 72).

Se se utolla semelo sa Ariel ka botlalo go bontSha gore ke motho wa go

loka, ga a nyake mathaithai. 0 be a setse a lemogile gore Bubbles 0 tlile ka

boradia.

Gabotse Ariel go ka thwe ke motho wa mediro ye mebotse. Ke motho wa

go thusa setshaba. Se se tsweletswa gabotse mohlang a boa dikantorong

tsa komisinare a lapile; 0 be a kganyoga ka pelong gore go se be Ie yo a ka

tlago a kgopela thuso ka mediro ya terama.

Ariel 0 be a sa tso dula fase Ie teye ye ya go mo amogela gae a seso a e

hwetsa ge go tla direga ka mokgwa wo 0 fapanago Ie ka mo a

kganyogilego. 0 ile a hwetsa baeng. Bafsa ba babedi, motho Ie kgaetsedi

ya gagwe, ba tlile mabapi Ie boraloki. Ariel ga a ka a re ka gore 0 lapile a

se ba thuse. Mofsa wa ngwanenyana ke yena a nyakago go ba moraloki.

Ariel 0 dirisitse ngwanenyane yoo diteko go bona gore a ka kgona na. Se

se nyamisago ke gore go ile gwa ipontsha gore ga go tlhamo ya boraloki

mo go yena. Ge a dutse a mo rutantsha, Ariel 0 ile a lemoga gore

kgaetsedi ya ngwanenyana yo ke yena a nago Ie mpho ya boraloki.

Ngwanenyana yena a re go thabela seo ka kgaetsedi ya gagwe a be a boa

a bolawa ke pelo ge yena a sitwa gomme a kgopela Ariel sebaka se

sengwe gape. Ariel 0 be a se sa bona mohola wa go mo fa sebaka se

sengwe gape. Go bohlokwa gore bjalo ka ge e Ie motsweletsi a be Ie

bonnete bja go botsa motho thereso ka ga boemo bja boraloki bja gagwe

ge e ba modiro wa gagwe 0 tioga 0 Ie ka fase ga boemo bjo bo tsomegago.

Taba ye e bontsha gabotse gore Ariel ke motho wa go loka, wa go se felele

bathe pelo. 0 a ikgafa ge a dira modiro wa gagwe.

Go fapana Ie Ariel sindikheiti e lebane Ie go se loke, ke bobe, bokgopo

(Dresden 1957: 117). Ga go na seka sa go loka mo go yona. Go tioga

mathomong a padi go fihla mafelelong; e dira tsa go siisa namana tsa

mmele. Seo se ra gore mo sindikheiti ke yona e nyakisiswago.

Go se loke ga sindikheiti go hlaloswa gabotse ke mongwadi ka morago ga

gore Karabo a romele sengwalo go Ariel Meso. Ge a hlalosa sephiri seo 0

re:

Sona e be e Ie sa bonokwane bjo ba bangwe

ba bo bitsago gore ke go fofisa khaete.

BoNoko e be e Ie sindikheiti ye e Iego

bomakgone a bjona. Maloko a sindikheiti a

be a bula diakhaonte tse mmalwa makaleng

a dipanka ka fase ga maina a a

fapafapanego. Gomme a fana ditsheke tsa

tshelete ye ba se nago nayo ka pankeng fela

 ka bofora ba kgona go e ntsha (Ietlakala

58).

5e se bontsha gabotse semelo sa sindikheiti gore ke batho ba go se loke,

ba go hloka lesoko. Taba ye e tiiswa gape ke mongwadi ge a hlalosa gore

ka morago ga gore Bubbles a tshabe, sindikheiti e i1eya rata go mmolaya.

5e se bontsha bosoro bjo bo lego gona mo go sindikheiti.

Taba ye nngwe yeo e dirago gore sindikheiti e bonagale gabotse gore ga se

ya loka ke polelo ya Mokaba ge a efa Bubbles maano a gore a goketse

Ariel go gahlana Ie yena gore ba tie ba kgone go mmolaya. Mokaba 0 re:

Ga go na bothata Ie gatee. Mmotse gore 0

nyaka go kopana naye mabapi Ie boemo

bja gagwe go basindikheiti (Ietlakala 119).

5e se laetsa ka botlalo gore sindikheiti e kotsi, e ka dira se sengwe Ie se

sengwe go goketsa nonyane ya bona gore ba kgone go e tanya.

Taba ye nngwe yeo e tiisago go se loke ga sindikheiti ke seo baanegwa ba

bangwe ba se bolelago ka ga yona. Go kgonthisa taba ye go tla lekolwa

polelo ya Noko ge a be a rapeletsa Bubbles gore a ineele go sindikheiti.

Vena 0 re:
 Bubbles babalela bophelo bja gago. 0 tseba

botse gore ge 0 ka etsa Karabo sindikheiti e

tlilo go go ntsha kotsi '" (Ietlakala 185).

Go realo go bontsha sehlogo Ie kotsi yeo sindikheiti e ka e hlagisetsago

motho. Ga e na mogau ge e setse e nyaka go fihlelela morero wa yona.

Mediro ya sindikheiti go ka thwe e tsweletsa go se loke ga yona. Ya boa

ya dira se sengwe Ie se sengwe go fihlelela dikganyogo tsa yona. Se se

tsweletswa ka botlalo ke ge ba timeletsa Kwena ba nagana gore 0

bolailwe. Gape ka morago ga gore ba tsebe gore Ariel 0 tseba kudu ka ga

sengwalo sa Karabo ba loga leano la go mo tlosa tsatsing. Bubbles Ie

yena 0 lenaneong la ba go bolawa ka morago ga gore a hlanogele

sindikheiti. Se se laetsa gabotse mediro ye mebe ya go se loke yeo

sindikheiti e e dirago.

Go ka tlaleletswa ka go bontsha bosoro bja basomedi ba sindikheiti.

Semelo sa bona, mongwadi 0 se hlalosa gabotse; go bontsha gore ke

bathe ba go hloka lesoko. Se se bonagala ge ba Ie phakeng ba disitse

mesepelo ya Ariel. Ge Kwena a tswelela ba a mo photoma:

Ge a re ke a Iwa go itokolla yo mongwe a mo

itia ka marago a sethunya ka sekgosing

(Ietlakala 193).
Se se laetsa bokgopo Ie bosora bja bathe bao. Ge ba nyaka se sengwe

ga ba na kwelobohloko.

Bosora bja basomedi ba sindikheiti bo tsweletswa gape ke polelo ya bona

ge ba Ie kua Majaneng ba ilo hlasela Bubbles Ie Ariel. Seo se tiiswa ke ge

ba re:

Go tswela pele semelo sa basomedi ba ba sindikheiti se utollwa ke tseo

ba di dirago. Ge ba yo hlasela boBubbles kua Majaneng ba ile ba tsena

ka ntlong ba salane morago, dithunya di Ie ka diatleng, difahlegong ba

apere go ithiba, go buletswe mahlo fela. Ditiro tse di bontsha gore ke

bathe ba go dira tsa go siisa namana tsa mmele. Ba bolaya motho bjalo

ka ge ba bolaya tshosi.

Tseo baanegwa ba bangwe ba di bolelago ka basomedi ba sindikheiti ba

bontsha bokgopo Ie bobe bja bona. Se se lemogwa ge Noko a leleditse

Bubbles mogala a mo loma tsebe gore sindikheiti e romile bathe go tlo ba

hlasela. Ge a botsisa Bubbles gore 0 na Ie mang, gomme Bubbles a re 0

na Ie Ariel; 0 re:
 Sa tla mmolaya Ie yena ge ba mo hweditse

moo (Ietlakala 261).

Taba yeo e tiisa bonokwane bja bathe bao. Ga ba tswafe go bapolela

letlalo la motho kgakala.

Ge go ka lekodisiswa ka tlhokomelo go tlo lemogwa gore mo temaneng ya

mathomo mongwadi 0 bolela ka Ariel. Seo se bontsha gore Ariel ke motho

yo bohlokwa, ke molwantshwa gape ke moanegwathwadi yoo mmadi a

ikgweranyago Ie yena. Kgwerano ye e tiiswa ke thekniki yeo mongwadi a e

dirisitsego, e lego nepiso. Go tlo hlokomelwa ka mo thekniki ye e

somisitswego ka gona.

Kgopolo ye, nepiso, go tla elelwa gore e tsweletswa gabotse mo letlakaleng

la pele ge mongwadi are:

Se sengwe ka ga Ariel Meso se be se Ie

kgauswi Ie go kgaoga ge a dutse a erne faD

pele ga khaontara kantorong tsa komisinare

ka Tshwane.
Go tioga moo mongwadi 0 mo hlalositse a tenwa ke bathe ba ba

itlwaedisego gore pele ba ka laetsa tlhompho go motho yo mongwe e be ge

motho yoo a ba laeditse pele gore Ie yena 0 kgona go se hlomphe (Ietlakala

1). Go tioga moo go bolelwa ka ga Ariel tela. Seo se bontsha mmadi gore

ke moanegwa yo bohlokwa, yo mongwe wa baanegwathwadi. Go ka thwe

Ariel 0 emela go loka goba botho Ie ge e Ie yona toka. Mmadi a ka se

ikgweranye Ie go se loke goba bobe. Ke ka lebaka lea a ikgweranyago Ie

Ariel.

Bohlokwa bja ditiragalo tse ke bja go godisa bokgoni bja Ariel Ie go godisa

maatlakgogedi. Go gola ga bokgoni bjoo Ie maatlakgogedi ao go bonala ka

mo Bubbles a hlanogelago sindikheiti ka gona a thomago go somisana Ie

Ariel.

Tiragalo ya mathomo ye e tSweletsago tlhanogo yeo ke ge Bubbles a thusa

Ariel ge sindikheiti e nyaka go mmolaya. Seo se laetsa gore go tla direga

se sengwe, matelelong ba tlo nyalana. Gona moo go na Ie bothata ka gore

Ariel 0 ratana Ie Julia mola Bubbles a ratana Ie Kwena. Maatlakgogedi a

gola ka gore bjale mmadi 0 a tseba gore Ariel Ie Bubbles ba tlo nyalana.

Taba ye nngwe ke gore Bubbles Ie ge e Ie moanegwathusi tela ke yo

bohlokwa.
Ditiragalo ga se tsa rulaganywa bjalo ka tsa Noto-ya-Masogana (1954), e

lego thekniki ya boipoeletso. Ditiragalo tsa Nnete Fela (1989) di

rulagantswe gore thulano gare ga go loka Ie go se loke e golele pele. Seo

se tiisa maatlakgogedi.

Gabotse ge go hlaloswa ditaragalo go tlo nepiswa tseo di lebanego Ie Ariel

Ie sindikheiti.

Tirigalo ya mathomo ke ya ge Karabo a isa sengwalo seo a se ngwadilego

go Ariel. Bjale go a lemogwa gore mathata a thomile. Lebaka Ie legolo ke

gore sengwalo seo se ka ga dinokwane tseo di nago Ie maano a go ntsha

ditshelete dipankeng ka bafora. Gabotse Karabo go ka thwe ke mothusi

yoo a thusago gore ditaba di kgone go tswela pele.

Tiragalo ya bobedi ke ya ge Noko a swara sengwalo seo, a bala dikagare

tsa sona. Gona moo 0 ile a lemoga gore bjale ba ka gare ga mathata. Go

tswa ga yona ke ge ba ka botsisa Karabo ka sengwalo seo. Karabo 0 ile a

ba botsa gore mogasi Ariel 0 tseba ka ga sona. Sindikheiti e ile ya kwana

gore, gore ba tswe ka gare ga maraga ao ke ge Bubbles a ka ya go lata

sengwalo seo go Ariel. Bubbles 0 ile a re ga a bone go Ie bothata go ka

dira gore Ariel a mo fe sona.

Tiragalo ya boraro ke ya ge bjale Bubbles a leba kgasong go yo lata

sengwalo go Ariel. Go ile gwa se be bonolo go ya Ie ka moo Bubbles a

bego a gopotse ka gona. Ariel 0 boditse Bubbles gore a ka se kgone go mo

fa sengwalo seo ka ge a seso a thome go se bala. A re Ie ge nkabe a

feditse, 0 be a ka se mo fe ka gore ge go na Ie phoso 0 tlo nyaka go

boledisana Ie Karabo e sego yena (Bubbles). Taba ya go tsentsha Ariel

maseme ke ya ge Bubbles a re ga go sa Ie bohlokwa gore a bale sengwalo

seo ka gore Karabo 0 re ga se mo kgahle, se na Ie diphoso tse dintsi. Ariel

o ile a ngangabala a re diphoso tseo di tla bonwa ke yena ge di Ie gona.

Bubbles 0 lemogile gore maano a gagwe a ka se some, gomme a boela

gae a nyamile, a di fihlesetsa sindikheiti, yeo e ilego ya se kgolwe gore Ariel

a ka palela Bubbles.

Mathata a gola mo tiragalong ya bona ge bjale Ariel a thoma go bala

sengwalo seo. Go tla ga Bubbles go be go mo hueditse gore a bale

sengwalo seo ka pela go feta ka moo go bego go swanetse, ka gobane a

rata go tseba gore molato 0 go kae ka sona ge Karabo a bile a re ga a sa

rata ge se tswetswa pele. Ge a feditse ka sona 0 ile a lemoga gabotse se

se tshwenyago go sona.

Tiragalo ya bohlano ke ya ge bjale Bubbles a paletswe gape go hwetsa

sengwalo seo go Ariel, a loga leano. Bjale go bonagala gabotse gore 0

phegeletse go se hwetsa. Bubbles 0 laetse Noko gore a hwetse

masogana a mabedi a mahlahla. 0 ile a leletsa Ariel mogala, a mmotsa

gore Karabo 0 re a gahlane Ie yena "Hellas" ka seripa go tswa iring ya

bone, gomme a se lebale go tla Ie sengwalo seo. Ariel 0 ile a makala go

bona go tsena Bubbles e sego Karabo ka moo ba bego ba kwane ka gona.

Ba ile ge ba etswa ka "Hellas" ba lebile difatanageng tsa bona, Bubbles a

thelela a wa gabohloko. Ariel 0 ile a bea sengwalo sefatanageng sa gagwe

a hlaganela go yena. Ge a sa lebeletse go thusa Bubbles lesogana tsoko

la topa sengwalo la tioga. Ariel 0 bone tiragalo yeo ka moselana wa leihlo e

setse e felelela. Lehodu Ie ile la mo timelela.

Ariel 0 boditse Bubbles gore ba tloge mmogo ka sefatanaga sa gagwe. Ge

ba Ie tseleng Ariel 0 ile a gapeletsa Bubbles go bolela nnete mabapi Ie go

utswiwa ga sengwalo seo. Mongwadi mo 0 godisa maatlakgogedi ka gore

bjale Bubbles 0 thoma go hlanogela sindikheiti; 0 botsa Ariel nnete, Ie ge a

sa mmotse ditaba ka moka.

Tiragalo ya boselela e lebane Ie ge bjale sindikheiti e lemoga gore Ariel 0

badile sengwalo seo gomme ba loga leano la go mmolaya. Eupsa ge e Ie

Bubbles yena 0 ile a swara legodimo ka diatla a re ga a e tsene yeo ya go

bolaya Ariel. Seo se bontsha gabotse gore Bubbles 0 na Ie lerato go Ariel.

Go tiisa lerato lea Bubbles 0 dumela go thusa sindikheiti go gogela Ariel go

bona. Eupsa ge ba leka go bolaya Ariel, 0 a mo thusa, 0 thuntsha yo

mongwe wa basomedi ba sindikheiti. Taba yeo e godisa maatlakgogedi,

mmadi 0 nyaka ge Bubbles a nyalwa ke Ariel. Morago ga tiragalo yeo Ariel

o lemogile gore Ie yena 0 bothateng bja go swana Ie bja Bubbles.

Tiragalo ya bosupa e lebane Ie ge bjale Bubbles a iphihla lefelong tsoko; a

leletsa tatagwe Ie sindikheiti mogala go ba tsebisa gore ge ba ka leka ba

tshwenyana Ie Ariel 0 ya maphodiseng. Se se bontsha lerato la Bubbles go

Ariel. Ka morago ga poledisano yeo ya Bubbles Ie sindikheiti, Ariel 0 i1ea

sepela ka go lokologa, sindikheiti e mo duma eupsa go se seo e ka mo

dirago sona.

Tiragalo ya seswai ke ya ge bjale sindikheiti e tsea sephetho sa go

hlokomologa tshosetso ya Bubbles, e thoma go ja Ariel leonyana. Ka go Ie

lengwe Kwena Ie yena 0 nyaka go bolaya Ariel ka boyena, ga a sa latela

ditaelo tsa sindikheiti. Tsatsi Ie Kwena a rerilego go bolaya Ariel, basomedi

ba sindikheiti ba i1eba mmona ba mo photoma ba mo isa go tatagwe.

Tiragalo ya senyane, e lego yona ye bohlokwa yeo e bontshago bokgoni bja

Ariel, ke ya ge Ariel a swanetse go ya Majaneng go yo fetsa mafelelo a

beke Ie Bubbles gona. Bubbles 0 be a romile motho yo a swanetsego go

gahlana Ie Ariel gore ba fetose dikoloi go timatimetsa mohlala ge e ba go na

Ie motho yoo a jago Ariel leonyane. Ariel 0 rile go tsena ka sefatanageng a

gopola OK ya mmileng wa Van der Walt. Banna ba babedi ba be ba mo

setse morago ka sefatanaga. Ba ile go mmona a tsena ka lebenkeleng la

OK ba mo leta gore a boe ba dutse ka sefatanageng seo sa bona. Ba ile

ba tla ba se kgolwe mahlo a bona ge ba bona lesogana lee Ie tlogago e se

Ariel Ie etla sefatanageng sa Ariel. Ba thoma ba re ke lehodu Ie a se utswa.

Ba gakantshwa ke taba ya gore 0 tsweletse a swere dinotlolo (Ietlakala

202). Taba yeo e godisago bokgoni bja Ariel ke gore, 0 kgonne go timelela

sindikheiti.

Tiragalo ya lesome ke ya ge Kwena a sa hwe matwa a loga leano Ie lengwe

la go bolaya Ariel. Lona letsatsi leo basomedi ba sindikheiti ba ile ba

bolaya Kwena. Lehu leo la Kwena ke Iona Ie dirilego gore Ariel a thome go

belaela gore Bubbles 0 mo fihlela se sengwe. Ariel 0 be a nyakile matseka

a go nyakisisa gore e ka ba go na Ie motho yo a seditsego mesepelo ya

gagwe. 0 ile go kwa gore nnete go na Ie batho ba mohuta woo, Ie gore ba

bonwe ba eya legaeng la rakolofo Mokaba, a tseba gore bjale makgwa a

gona.

Ariel 0 ile a leletsa Pula mogala, a mmotsa gore nke a bolele Ie Bubbles, ka

gore 0 gana go boa Pelindaba. Pula 0 ile a utolla sephiri a sa lemoge. 0

boletse gore ga a bone go tla ba bothata go Bubbles go boa gae bjale ka

gore Kwena 0 hlokofetse. Taba yeo e ile ya dira gore Ariel a lemoge gore

Bubbles 0 mo utela se sengwe.

Tiragalo ya lesometee e Iebane Ie ge bjale Ariel a rerile go ya Majaneng.

Bjale ditaba di fihlile moo di ka se sa boelago moraga. Eupsa a rile pele a

ka tioga a elelwa gore 0 swanetse go tsea magato a tshireletso go thintha

mang Ie mang yo a ka lekago go mo sala morago leetong leo. 0 ile a

swara mogala a leletsa Saki. A mo kgopela go dira ka tsela yeo lesogana

lela la go romelwa ke Bubbles Ie dirilego ka gona ka Labohlano. Ba kwane

go hwetsana mmileng wa Schoeman pele ga meago ya Louis Pasteur.

Tseleng ya go ya Tshwane Ariel a lemoga sefatanaga se se mo setsego

morago. Se be se tlogile naye Pelindaba. 0 ile go tsena ka Tshwane a

thoma ka go dikologa a se lebe thwii lefelong la morero wa gagwe Ie Saki.

Go bolela thereso mamohla 0 ile a timelela boChamp a seso a hlagise taba

yela ya go fetosa difatanaga (Ietlakala 218). Go realo go bolela gore go

tsweletswa bokgoni bja Ariel.

Tiragalo ya mafelelo ke ya lesomepedi ge bjale Ariel a fihla Majaneng a

gapeletsa Bubbles go tswa ka nnete goba go lebana Ie kgolego. Bubbles 0

ile a bolela nnete gomme ba ya maphodiseng. Noko 0 He a lemosa

Bubbles gore sindikheiti e tlo ba hlasela, gomme maphodisa a ba lalela, a

ba suelela. Karabo 0 ile a lokollwa moo a bego a fihlilwe gona, gomme

Ariel a nyala Bubbles.

Go tla lemogwa gore Ariel ke motho wa go loka go tioga mathomong a

paditseka ye go fihla mafelelong a yona. Go realo go ra gore ke moanegwa

wa lehlakore Ie tee, e lego la go loka. Se sengwe se bohlokwa ke gore ga

go na botho mo go yena. Mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie yena ka ge e Ie motho

yoo a se nago bosodi.

Go tioga mathomong go fihla mafelelong a paditseka ye, sindikheiti e

lebane Ie ditiro tsa go se loke. Go bonwa mo mathomong e ikgokantse Ie

ditiro tsa go ntsha ditshelete dipankeng ka bofora.

Mediro ya bona ye mebe e tswelela gape ge ba nyaka go bolaya Karabo ka

ge a file Ariel sengwalo seo se bego se bolela ka bona. Ka morago ga go

lemoga gore Ariel 0 badile sengwalo seo ba nyaka go mo tlosa tsatsing.

Ge Bubbles a sena go ba hlanogela ba bona bokaone e Ie go mo tseela

bophelo. Bokgopo bjo bongwe ke ge ba bolaya Kwena. Gape taba ya

ngwana wa Pula ge a ile go reka lebenkeleng e tsweletsa ka mokgwa wo

sindikheiti e lego kotsi ka gona. Ba ile ba mo goketsa gore a ba botse mo

Bubbles a iphihlilego gona, gore ba kgone go mmolaya. Ditaba di fihla

sehlweng ge Mabusha a thuntsha Noko ka mora go ga go mo hwetsa a

sebela Bubbles mogaleng gore sindikheiti e tlile go mo hlasela.

Ge go ka hlokomelwa ka tshwanelo go tlo lemogwa gore baanegwa ba

Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) Ie ba Nnete Fela (1989) ba a fapana. Ba Noto-

ya-Masogana (1954) ba na Ie mahlakore a mabedi: la go loka Ie la go se

loke. Mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie lehlakore la go loka fela, Lesibana mo

mathomong ke motho wa go loka, a tetoga ya ba motho wa go se loke, a

busa a ba motho wa go loka. Ka tsela yeo ga go na taba Ie tsa go se loke

tseo Lesibana a di dirago. Go lebeletswe tela tsa go loka. Go ya ka

tlhaloso ya Forster baanegwa bao ba phethegile, eupsa ga ba na botho.

Ge go lebeletswe baanegwa ba Nnete Fela go lemogwa gore ba na Ie

lehlakore Ie tee: e ka ba la go loka goba la go se loke. Ariel ke motho wa

go loka mola sindikheiti e se ya loka. Se sengwe ka baanegwa ba ke gore

ga ba na botho. Gabotse ge go nyakwa go tsebja gore moanegwahlaedi ke

motho yo mobjang, go swanetse go lemogwe gore ke moanegwa yo a se

nago Ie botho. Go phethega ga go na Ie mohola wo mogolo.

Moanegwaphethegi ke motho wa botho Ie ge e se sethakga goba motho wa

go loka. Ge a nyamiswa 0 kwelwa bohloko, ge go na Ie lethabo, go

thabelwa tse di mo wetsego, bjalo ka ge borateori ba re 0 swanetse go ba

wa semelo sa mahlakore a mabedi.

Ge go yo sekasekwa moanegaphethegi go ito nepiswa dingwalo tsa

masetlapelo Ie phatose. Pele dikgopolo tseo di tlo hlaloswa gore go

lemogwe seo moanegwa wa masetlapelo Ie wa phatose ba lego sona.

"Tragedy is a play that ends with the death of

the main character."

Ba akaretsa tlhathollo ye ya bona ka go re mafelelong moanegwathwadi, e

lego yena molwantshwa, 0 a hlokofala. Kgopolo ye e tlaleletswa ke

Altenbern Ie Lewis (1966: 70) ka tsela ye:

"Tragedy represents character whose wills

are set on course necessary to their own

moral natures and who are overpowered by

forces against them."

Seo se bolela gore dikganyogo tsa baanegwa di ka godimo ga dikgopolo

tsa bona, eupsa ba palelwa ke go di fihlelela. Ge ba tswela pele Iona

letlakaleng lea ba bolela gore tiragatsomasetlapelo ya mmakgonthe e

swanetse go ekisa ditiro tseo di tsosolosago kwelobohloko Ie poifo. Ke ka

faD Pretorius Ie Swart (1982: 24) ba tlaleletsago taba yeo ka go bolela dika

tsa tiragatsomasetlapelo. Bona ba no re:

"In tragedy there is usually a tragic hero, who

is some way or another, rises above the

ordinary person, but who has one tragic flow

which after a heroic battle, either external or

internal, leads, to his downfall.

Tabakgolo ke gore moanegwathwadi, yena molwantshwa, ke motho wa

maemo a godimo, gape 0 na Ie bofokodi bjo bo itsego bjo bo mo dirago

gore a ye fase. Serudu (1989: 50) 0 ruma kgopolo ye ka gore

moanegwathwadi 0 welwa ke masetlapelo a a boifisago. Gantsi

masetlapelo ao a hlolwa ke bofokodi bja gagwe I e ka ba motho wa

sengangele goba wa go se rate go eletswa.

Gabotse go ka thwe masetlapelo a lebane Ie ge babadi ba kwela

moanegwa yoo a sego a loka bohloko.

Groenewald (1993: 60 - 61) 0 hlalosa gore phatose e hlatholla bophelo bja

motho yoo a se nago Ie bofokodi. Gabotse 0 ka re e nepisa bophelo, go

tlabega Ie go gakanega. Moanegwa wa phatose ke motho wa ka mehla

gape ga a na maemo. Moanegwa yo mmadi 0 itswalanya Ie yena ka gore

ga a na bofokodi. Go ka thwe phatose e Iebane Ie ge go kwelwa

moanegwa yo a se nago Ie bosodi bohloko. Go a makatsa gore ke ka

lebaka la eng motho wa go loka a welwa ke masula.

Dipuku tseo di lebanego Ie masetlapelo ke Lukas Motsheletshele (1963) Ie

Letsogo la Molao (1984), ge e Ie phatose yon a ke Tladi wa Dikgati (1971).

Tshekatsheko e tlo sepediswa ka tsela ye:

Sa mathomo go tlo hlaloswa semelo sa baanegwa bao

- Sa bobedi go tlo senkasenkwa dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya

 - Sa boraro go tlo tsinkelwa ditiragalo tse di tSweletsago go phethega

ga moanegwaphethegi.

Gagolo baanegwa ba masetlapelo ke ba go loka Ie ba go se loke. Yo

mongwe wa go se loke 0 a nepiswa, 0 ikgweranya Ie mmadi goba 0 kwelwa

bohloko. Rammala 0 nepisa Moebangedi Motsheletshele bjalo ka

molwantshwa yo e lego moanegwa wa masetlapelo.

Ge go ka hlokomedisiswa gabotse go tlo lemogwa gore semelo sa

Moebangedi Motsheletshele se na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, ke la go loka Ie

la go se loke. Ke motho wa go loka ka gore ke moruti 0 rapelela phuthego.

Seo se tiiswa ke ge mongwadi a mo hlalosa:

Motsheletshele e be e Ie moebangedi yo

maatla wa lentsu la Modimo. Batho ba

bantsi ba bone seetsa sa Ebangedi Ie

tswelopele ya tsa tsebo ya mangwalo ka

baka la mediro Ie dikeletso tsa gagwe

(Ietlakala 11).
Go realo go bontshwa semelo sa Motsheletshele gabotse gore ke moruti, 0

ikgafetse go thusa setshaba sa Modimo.

Tabakgolo ye nngwe yeo e bontshago go loka ga Motsheletshele e

tsweletswa ke seo baanegwa ba bangwe ba se bolelago ka yena. Semelo

seo se utollwa ke Mologadi ge a bolela ka taletso yeo e fihlilego Ie Morena

Kgolotha ya gore kua Ledibung Motsheletshele 0 na Ie monyanya wa go

kolobetsa ngwana:

Ge re fihla Ledibung, dikereke di be di

tswele gomme motse ka moka 0 tletse

ka lapeng la Motsheletshele. Difela e be

e se difela gomme dijunifomo e se

dijunifomo (Ietlakala 7).

Taba ye e tiisetsa go loka ga Moebangedi Motsheletshele. Ge a dirile se

sengwe batho ba a mo phalalela, ba a mo thekga ka ge e Ie motho yo a

lokilego.

Semelo sa Motsheletshele se tiisetswa gape ke tseo a di dirago. Seo se

bonagala ge a romela bana ba gagwe metseng ye mengwe go tswetsa

dithuto tsa bona pele. Ke ka lebaka lea a bego a nyaka badisana ba babedi

Ie mofepi, bao a bego a itokiseditse go ba lefa ka kgwedi. Se se laetsa

gore ke motho wa go loka wa go rata tswelopele.

Lehlakore la Moebangedi Motsheletshele la go se loke ke la ge a rata

Lukas go teta bana ba bangwe ka mo gae. Seo se thoma go tsweletsa

botokodi bja gagwe gore ke motswadi yo mobjang wa go kgethologanya

bana bao e lego ba gagwe ka moka.

Bokgopo bjo bongwe bjoo Moebangedi a bo dirago ke bja go rekisa lebake

Ie go rekisetsa bathe dihlare tsa botora. 0 be a na Ie dintlwana tsa ka kua

maturi tsa ka gare ga sethokgwa sa ka godimo ga thabana. Mengwakwana

yona yeo ya thabeng, tsa ka gare ga yona ke dikoma ga di bolelwe

(Ietlakala 10). Seo se laetsa gabotse mathaithai Ie mathadinthako ao a

utilwego ke mengwakwana yeo.

Tabagolo ke ge bjale Moebangedi Motsheletshele a raka Dorothea ka gae

ge a sena go boa a ithwele, se se laetsa bosaedi bjo bogolo bja gagwe. Ga

a kgathale gore go tlo direga eng ka Dorothea Ie ngwana yoo a mo rwelego.

o tsweletswa e Ie motho yo sehlogo wa go hloka lesoko Ie go madi a

gagwe. Taba ya go makatsa ke gore 0 rata morwa wa gagwe Lukas yoo e

lege motho wa go se loke.

Lukas, go tioga bjaneng bja gagwe, ke motho wa go dira tsa go se loke. Le

ge a dirile phoso ka mo gae Moebangedi Motsheletshele 0 be a sa dumele

gore a iswe letsogo, ka gore ke mmamoratwa (wa tatagwe). Ge a gana go

ya sekolong, bakeng sa gore a kgelwe lesasa a otlwe, go thwe Albi a ye Ie

yena sekolong a mo swarele tsa go ja. Ge a Ie Seminareng 0 senya

tshelete ya tatagwe tela seo Motsheletshele ga a bone e Ie phoso, 0 sa

tswela pele ka go mo rata. Le ka morago ga gore Lukas a rakwe

Seminareng, 0 ile a tswela pele ka go mo rata. Le ge Lukas a timeletse 0 a

mo emaemela Ie ge e Ie motho wa go se loke.

Gabotse go a makatsa gore Moebangedi a se rate Dorothea yoo a lokilego,

yoo a se nago bosaedi, a rate Lukas yoo e lego motho wa go se loke. Go

ka thwe go na Ie phapano gare ga Lukas Ie Dorothea. Dorothea ke motho

wa go loka mola Lukas e Ie motho wa go se loke. Eupsa Moebangedi

Motsheletshele 0 rata motho yoo a sego a loka. Ka go realo go se loke ga

Moebangedi Motsheletshele go lemogwa ka botlalo. Le ge a dira tse di

nyatsegago, mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie yena.

Mo go dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya, go ikgweranya mmadi Ie Moebangedi

Motsheletshele, gabotse go ka thwe 0 emela go se loke. Rammala 0

somisitse moanegwathusi, e lego Albi. Albi ke motho wa lehlakore Ie tee, e

lege la go loka. Ga a na bosodi, mmadi 0 a mo rata. Ka gona ge yena, e

lego motho wa go loka, a rata Motsheletshele, mmadi Ie yen a 0 thoma go

mo rata ka lebaka la Albi. Gabotse 0 ka re Albi 0 sireletsa Moebangedi. Le

ge a lemoga botokodi bja Moebangedi Motsheletshele eupsa 0 sa mo

sireletsa, 0 gana gore a nyatswe.

mathomong a padi go fihla mafelelong a yona, Albi ke motho yo a se nago

bosodi. 0 be a bona mafokodi a Moebangedi Motsheletshele gabotse, moo

eupsa Lukas yena 0 be a sa rate ge a kgongwa (Ietlakala 11). Se se laetsa

gabotse gore Albi 0 a lemoga gore Moebangedi Motsheletshele ga se a

loka, eupsa Ie ge go Ie bjalo ga a nyake ge a goboswa. Ke ka lebaka lea

.,
mo itia gona 0 be a go kgafela kgole (Ietlakala 12). Se se laetsa gabotse

gore Albi ga se gore ga a bone bofokodi bja Motsheletshele 0 upsa a sa

Moebangedi Motsheletshele a di dirago, Albi 0 a di bona, ebile 0 a amogela

gore ga se a loka, fela ga a rate ge a nyatswa. Ke ka tsela yeo go se nago

Ie yo a ka mo nyatsago.

Ka ntle Ie Albi, Ie mogatsa' Moebangedi Motsheletshele, mmadi 0 a mo

rata, ka ge e Ie motho wa go loka. Gape 0 bonala a sa rata monna wa

gagwe Ie ge a dira dilo tsa go se loke. Ka gona mmadi 0 palelwa ke go

nyatsa Motsheletshele ka baka la mosadi wa gagwe.

Go ka thwe bohlokwa bja ditiragalo tse ke go godisa maatlakgogedi. Ge go

hlaloswa ditiragalo go tlo nepiswa tseo di lebanego Ie Moebangedi

Motsheletshele. Ditiragalo tseo di bontsha go se loke ga Motsheletshele;

ka mo a ratago Lukas ka gona, Ie ka faD a mo fapantshago Ie Dorothea ka

gona.

Lukas ga se motho wa go loka, Dorothea ke motho wa go loka. Ditaba tseo

ka moka di lebane Ie mmagoLukas Ie Albi. 0 ka re bona ba emela mmadi.

Mmadi a ka se kgone gore ba bolela maaka ka gore ba be ba Ie gona ge

ditiragalo tse di direga. Ke ka faD go amogelwago tseo ba di bolelago.

Tiragalo ya mathomo ke ya ge Moebangedi Motsheletshele a Ie mosomong

a bile a godisa bana ba gagwe ka molamo wa tshipi, eupsa morwa wa

gagwe wa mafelelo, e lego Lukas yena a sa nyake ge a kgongwa. Ge

motho a be a ka bolela gore Lukas ke sebodu, 0 be a kgopela pefelo ya

rragwe gomme gantsi 0 be a tla e fiwa (Ietlakala 11). Tiragalo ye e tlisa

mathata ka gore go bonala gabotse gore bjale Moebangedi Motsheletshele

o senya ngwana wa gagwe.

Tiragalo ya bobedi ke ge Lukas a palela dikgapeletso tsa tatagwe tsa gore

a ye sekolong, ka gore a be a rata go ja. Sebakeng sa gore Moebangedi

Motsheletshele a alafe mokgwa wo wa Lukas ka kgati, go etsa Ie ka

mokgwa wo a bego a dira go ba bangwe ba bana ba gagwe, 0 be a loga

leano la go sirogela taba yeo. Go mo tia gona 0 be a go kgafela kgole

(matlakala 11 - 12).

Motsheletshele 0 namile a laela gore ka mehla ge Lukas a eya sekolong

Albi a ye Ie yena a mo rwalele mphago. Le barutisi ba ile ba kgopelwa go

fela ba dumelela Lukas go tswela ka ntle go ya go ja. Go dira bjalo

Motsheletshele 0 be a sa lemoge kotsi yeo a bego a e dira. Ka go dira bjalo

o be a dira gore Lukas a be Ie matepe Ie go feta. Matepe ao a be a setse a

lapisitse barutisi ba gagwe.

Tiragalo ya boraro ke ya ge bjale Motsheletshele a ruta Lukas tsa phaku.

Lukas e be e Ie mothusi wa tatagwe yo mogolo. Taba ye a bego a mo

ratela yona kUdu, e be e Ie go phuthela diphasela tsa lebake. Lukas ka

tlhago e be e Ie sethakga. Diphaselana tsa gagwe e be e no ba tsa

"fekethori" go fela - ''fekethori ya lebake" (Ietlakala 13). Motho ka nako ye

nngwe a ka re 0 a ithusa kganthe 0 a ipolaya. Motsheletshele ka go

tlwaetsa morwa wa gagwe mediro ye mebe ya go phuthela Ie go rekisa

lebake, 0 rutile ngwana wa gagwe thuto ye mpe, ya go tseba gore thekiso

ya sephiring e tlisa tshelete ka bontshi (Ietlakala 13). Lukas 0 ile a fela a

eya go ithekisetsa. Le ge Albi a be a lemogile seo, 0 ile a no ikhomolela ka

go tseba bogale bja Motsheletshele godimo ga se sengwe Ie se sengwe

seo se ka senyago Lukas leina. Motsheletshele yena ge a bona morwa wa

gagwe a sa mo kgopele tshelete ya go reka dijo, 0 no re ga a sa buswa ke

dijo.

Tiragalo ya bone ke ya ge Motsheletshele a rekela Lukas motshene wa go

tlanya. Ge a bona gore Lukas 0 kgona go ngwala ka motshene a nama a

mo humanela mosomo wa go ngwala maina a dihlare. 0 be a reka

dihlasana, kudu tsa go nkgisa Ie go babisa tseo a bego a di reka ka theko

ya fase. Ge a dirile bjalo 0 tlatsa mapotlelo gomme a a rekisa ka theko ya

godimo. Wo e be e Ie mokgwa wo mongwe wa Motsheletshele wa go

ikgobokeletsa maseleng ka bofora. Go ba ba tshepago kudu Moebangedi,

e be e Ie ngaka ye kgolo ya go thea metse. Mo go ba gae, Motsheletshele

o be a no thusa ka mehlasana ya Sekgowa ye a bego a e reka kua

toropong. Dihlare tse, ka polelo ya bareki, di be di etla di ngwadilwe gona

kua Makgoweng, moo ba bego ba di oretela gona. Eupsa ge e Ie boAlbi

bona ba be ba tseba gore di dirwa gona ka moo gae. Maradiana ona a a

Moebangedi Motsheletshele a go huma ka mahlajana, Lukas 0 a bone, a a

holotela. A nama a dula godimo ga motshene.

Tiragalo ya bohlano ke ya ge Motsheletshele a romela Lukas Seminareng

go tswetsa dithuto pele. Lukas 0 ile a rekelwa diaparo tsa maemo a godimo

tsa ngwana wa mohumi. Tatagwe 0 ile a ngwalela mookamedi wa Seminara

go mo tsebisa gore Lukas ke ngwana wa gagwe gomme 0 mo kgopela gore

a mo sware gabotse ka ge e Ie ngwana wa motho yo mogolo. Ge morwa

wa Motsheletshele a leba Seminareng ke ge a swere mapokisi a mabedi a

magolo a dikobo, Ie lepokisana la metago.

Tiragalo ya bosela ke ya ge Motsheletshele a amogela lengwalo la go tswa

go Lukas Seminareng. Lengwalo lea Ie be Ie laodisa tsa bophelo bja

gagwe kua Seminareng Ie go nyaka tshelete ya go reka se Ie sela.

Motsheletshele 0 ile a thabiswa ke seo kudu, a botsa Albi gore wa gagwe

ngwana 0 setse a supilwe ka monwana ka baka la bohlweki bja gagwe. A

bolela gore 0 ngwaletse mookamedi wa Seminare, a mmotsa gore bohlweki

ke neo ya Lukas. 0 ile a ya go bothabotha maseleng a go romela Lukas.

Tiragalo ya bosupa ke ya ge Dorothea a ngwalela mmagwe lengwalo la go

mo tsebisa gore 0 ithwele. MmaMotsheletshele 0 ile go bala tsa lengwalo

la Dorothea a di tetisetsa go mokgalabje. Phetolo ya Moebangdi

Motsheletshele e bile gore Dorothea 0 swanetSe go tseba gore ka go dira

bjalo 0 itlhapile yena. 0 ile a bolela gore 0 tla kgona bjang go tsena ka
setero sa gagwe a Ie ka tsela yeo. Go tioga bjale a ka se sa ba Ie kopano

Ie yena. 0 boditse MmaMotsheletshele gore a lemose Dorothea gore bjalo

ka ge a itebaditse ditayo tsa gagwe, a ka no ya mo a go botilego; a se ke a

gata ka lapeng la gagwe (Ietlakala 20). MmaMotsheletshele 0 lekile go

rapelela morwedi eupsa gwa pala. Motsheletshele 0 tsetaletse 0 kgaola

thari ka baka la go sireletsa leina.

Tiragalo ya seswai ke ge Dorothea a boa gae. Motsheletshele 0 ile ge a

botswa gore Dorothea 0 tlile a lesa Ie dijo tseo a bego a di ja. 0 ile a

tutulelwa ebile e re ke motho a tlo gata. Lentsu la gagwe la mathomo e bile

"Onika, ga nka ka go botsa!" (Ietlakala 23). 0 boletse gore ge a ka re a

ema a humana Dorothea, yena Ie mmagwe ba tla mo tseba gabotse. 0 be

a sa tshabe Ie Kgolotha yo a bego a mo etetse. 0 boditse

MmaMotsheletshele gore a bone gore mpsa yeo ya gagwe e a sepela pele

a e hlaba ka leihlo. Dorothea 0 ile a rakwa bjalo ka mpsa ka lapeng labo.

Kgolotha 0 i1ego bona ditaba di betile a botsa monna wa kariki yeo e bego

e tlisitse Dorothea gore a tete a mo lahla kua polaseng. 0 ile a botsa

MmaMotsheletshele gore a tlogele go thuba lapa la gagwe, a bee tsohle

matsogong a gagwe. 0 boletse gore 0 tla hlokomela Dorothea, gape 0 tla

tela a mo tsebisa gore ditaba di sepela bjang. Dorothea 0 ile a tela a

ngwalela mmagwe, eupsa a ngwala ka leina la Albina gore Motsheletshele

a se lemoge.
Tiragalo ya senyane ke ya ge MotsheletShele a amogela mangwalo a

mabedi. Le lengwe la go tswa go Lukas Seminareng mola Ie lengwe Ie

ngwadilwe ka mohlakanelwa ke bana ba gagwe, Domitori, Dorothea, Verita,

Aletta Ie Phoebe.

La Lukas Ie be Ie bolela ka moo a emago Ie tatagwe ka go raka Dorothea

ka gae. 0 bolela gore yena ga a kwane Ie seo Dorothea a se dirilego. 0

re Dorothea 0 gobositse lapa labo.

Ge e Ie lengwalo la go tswa go bana ba gagwe ba bangwe Iona Ie be Ie

botsa Motsheletshele gore thako ya Dorothea ka mo lapeng ke thako ya

bona ka moka.

Ge e Ie Motsheletshele yena 0 boletse a lebisitse ditabeng tsa mangwalo

ao a re Ie ge bana ba gagwe ba ka mo fularela, 0 tla sepela tseleng ya

Modimo. Gape lengwalo la Lukas lona Ie mmonshitse gore 0 sa na Ie

ngwana yo a mo ratago. 0 boletse gore 0 tla ba swina; 0 t1a mo isa

dithutong tsa go feta tsa bona (Ietlakala 29).

Tiragalo ya lesome ke ya ge Lukas a boa Seminareng ka maikhutso a

dikolo. Tatagwe 0 ile a ya go mo gahlanetsa; a botsa mosadi gore a sale a

hlaba kgogo gore ngwana a tie a humane se a ka sebago ka sona. 0

boletse gore pudi yona 0 tla tla a e hlaba ka nosi ge a boa go mo

gahlanetsa.
Albi 0 ile a anegela Lukas tsa Motsheletshele Ie Dorothea. Lukas 0 boletse

gore 0 tla bonana Ie tatagwe. 0 re 0 nyaka gore a mo rute go fihla

dithutong tsa godimo, e re mola tshelete ya gagwe e fedile a mo ntshetse

mokgwa. Seo se laetsa gore bjale Lukas 0 thomile go hlanogela tatagwe,

eupsa ga a nyake go mmotsa gore ga a sa ema Ie yena.

Tiragalo ya lesometee ke ya ge Lukas a thoma go somisa tshelete ya

tatagwe bosaedi. Tshelete yeo Lukas a bego a e somisa ge a tlile e ile ya

makatsa tatagwe. Ge a Ie Seminareng, Ie gona sa gagwe e be e Ie go no

bitsa tshelete ya go se fele. Ga go sa tsebja gore Seminare seo sona se

tura bjang. Motsheletshele 0 kgobokantshitse lehumo la gagwe ka

bohlajana, bjale Ie timelela ka ditsela tse dintsi. Lukas Ie yena 0 holofetse

go wisa tatagwe.

Tiragalo ya lesomepedi ke ya ge Motsheletshele bjale a senyegelwa ke

kgwebo ya go rekisa lebake Ie dihlare. Lapa la Motsheletshele Ie lona Ie He

la thoma go goga ka kgara. Lukas Ie yena 0 nyaka ditshelete tsa go se

fele. Le ge MmaMotsheletshele a re Lukas a boe gae, tatagwe ga a

dumele ka baka la lerato la gagwe go yena.

Go ile go Ie ka tsela yeo Lukas a rakwa kua Seminareng ka morago ga

ditshelete tse dintsi tseo a di sentsego. Taba ye ya gore Lukas a lobise

tatagwe ka tsela ye e namile ya nyamisa Motsheletshele. Batho ba namile

ba nyalSa lapa la gagwe ka go tseba dithoriso tseo a bego a rorisa Lukas

ka tsona.

Tiragalo ya lesometharo ke ya go timelela ga Lukas. Ka morago ga ge

Lukas a timeletse lebaka Ie letelele tatagwe 0 ile a kgopela Mathuhu gore a

mo felegetse go boreatseba. Tsatsing lona lea ba yago, Lukas ke ge a

setse a boile a Ie go Dorothea.

Tiragalo ya lesomenne ke ya ge Moebangedi Motsheletshele a bolSa Lukas

gore 0 swanetse go nyala gore a mo abele seo a nago Ie sona. Ditaba tsa

lenyalo la Lukas di ile tsa lokiswa tsa ba tsa begwa ka kerekeng. Sontaga

se se latelago go be go swanetse go dirwa pego ya mafelelo ya lenyalo la

Lukas Ie Una.

Tiragalo ya lesomehlano ke ya go t1a ga baeng ka ga Motsheletshele.

Baeng bao ba be ba tlisitse molato wa gore Lukas ga a fepe bana ba bararo

Ie mosadi. Tseo ka moka di ile tsa bipela Motsheletshele. 0 ile a ya

kerekeng go ba botsa gore ga go sa na lenyalo. Lukas 0 ile a itekeletsa

gomme a hlokafala. Moebangedi Motsheletshele Ie yena 0 ile a bolawa ke

pelo. Ditiragalo tse di laetsa gore tsa go se loke di na Ie moputso 0 soro,

wo 0 lebanego Ie ditiragalo tseo. Fela moputso woo wa go se loke 0

nyamisa mmadi.
Ka boripana go ka thwe mmadi 0 kwela MmaMotsheletshele bohloko ka

gore ke motho wa go loka, wa go hloka bosodi. Le ge monna wa gagwe a

dira tsa go se loke 0 sa mo rata. Ka gona go ikgweranywa Ie motho wa go

se loke ka baka la motho wa go loka. Mmadi ga a kgone go nyatsa

Motsheletshele ka gore MmaMotsheletshele, yoo e lego motho wa go loka

Ie yena a sa mo nyatse.

Go ka akaretswa ka gore padi ya masetlapelo e lebane Ie go loka Ie go se

loke. Mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie Moebangedi Motsheletshele, yoo e lego

motho wa go se loke ka baka la Albi Ie MmaMotsheletshele bao e lego

batho ba go loka. Ka ge bona ba sa rate ge Motsheletshele a ka nyatSwa,

go ba bothata Ie go mmadi gore a nyatse Motsheletshele mola batho ba go

loka ba sa rate ge a ka goboswa.

Masetlapeleo a ka tiiswa ka go lekodisisa padinyana ya Mphahlele, e lego

Letsogo la Molao (1984) mo go yona go hlaloswago mathata a batho ba

sebjalebjale ditoropong (Groenewald, 2000: 68).

Moanegwathwadi yo a nepiswago ke Faro, ngwana wa Moruti Makubu.

Faro 0 godisitswe gabotse, a rata mmagwe. Bothata bo tsoga ge

mmagoFaro a hlokotala ba sala Ie tatabo. Moruti Makubu ga a kgone go

rata Ie go hlokomela lapa. 0 hlokomologa bana bao mmabo a bego a ba

godisa ka lerato. Faro 0 a tetoga, semelo sa gagwe se bontsha mahlakore

a mabedi, e lego la go loka Ie la go se loke.

Lehlakore la Faro la go loka Ie tsweletswa ke seo mongwadi a se

hlalosago ka ga gagwe. Mongwadi 0 hlalosa gore Faro e be e Ie

mosemane wa sethakga:

Gape Faro botsoro bjona 0 be a tswetswe Ie

bjona. 0 be a hlapa, a hlatswa, a makatsa

tela ge a sepela Ie boThemba basemane ba

ditshila, ba boso bja go phadima, ba rego go

tswelela ngwana a idibala ka sello (Ietlakala

19).

Seo se laetsa semelo sa Faro gabotse gore ke motho wa go ithata, wa go

se rate ditshila.

Semelo sa Faro se tsweletswa ke seo yena a se bolelago. Ge a be a

hlalosetsa boThemba tsa bophelo bja gagwe, motho 0 kgona go bona gore

ke ngwana wa go loka yo bohlale, yoo a bego a rata sekolo, gape ge ba Ie

ka gae a na Ie mosomo woo a swanetsego go 0 dira tSatSi ka tsatsi, e lego

go bala Bibele ge ba rapela ka mo gae. Ge go tsewa maeto 0 be a setse a

tseba gore 0 ile go bala Pesaleme ya 23 yeo e rego "Morena ke Modisa wa

ka" (Ietlakala 29). Tse ka moka di bontsha gore Faro ke ngwana wa go loka

yoo a godisitswego ka lentsu la Modimo.

Semelo sa ga gagwe se utollwa gape ke seo baanegwa ba bangwe ba se

bolelago ka ga gagwe. Seo se tiiswa ke tatagwe Ie Selepe ka morago ga

ge boFaro ba sena go swarwa ba bolela gore ba be ba sa kgolwe gore Faro

ke mmolai ka semelo; 0 be a no gapsa ke mogofe Ie bagwera ba gagwe ba

Mazulwana (Ietlakala 29). Se se bontsha gabotse gore Faro ke motho wa

go loka.

Lehlakore la go se loke la Faro Ie tsweletswa ke ge a ikgweranya Ie

boThemba batho ba go se loke. Gona moo ba tsama ba amoga batho

ditshelete tseo ba di sometsego ka boima, ntle Ie kwelobohloko. Ba thuba

mabenkele a batho, gape ba rekisa Ie ditaamane. Bokgopo bjo bogolo ke

ge ba kata ba bile ba bolaya.

Gabotse, Faro mathomong e be e Ie ngwana wa go loka wa go tsena

sekolo. 0 tlogedisitswe sekolo ke morutisi yo a bego a mo hloile kudu. Se

se laetsa gore morutisi yoo 0 na Ie khuetso mo go se lokeng ga Faro. Ge

nkabe e se be yena mohlomongwe Faro nkabe a tsene sekolo a fetsa

dithuto tsa gagwe, a t10gela go dira dilo tsa go tswa tseleng. Morutisi yo 0

be a gegea Faro a mmotsa ge a belegetswe ka Bibeleng.

Gape go hlokofala ga mmagoFaro go na Ie khuetso ye kgolo kudu mo go

fetogeng ga gagwe. Faro Ie mmagwe ba be ba kwana, ba ratana 0 ka re

motho Ie kgaetsedi. Ke nnete ngwana wa mathomo ke thaka ya mmagwe.

Ke ka Faro moo mmagwe a ithutilego bosadi (Ietlakala 10). Seo se laetsa

gore ge nkabe mmagoFaro a se hlokofale, Faro 0 be a ka se wele diatleng

tsa boThemba. MmagoFaro e be e Ie motho wa go loka, ka gona Faro Ie

yena 0 be a tla dula e Ie motho wa go loka.

Mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie Faro. Ga se gore 0 ikgweranya Ie motho wa go

senya goba wa go se loke. Bjalo ka ge Rammala a somisitse Albi Ie

MmaMotsheletshele gore mmadi a ikgweranye Ie Moebangedi, 0 somisitse

Sarona Ie Moruti Makubu.

Ge go lekodisiswa ka tshwanelo go tlo lemogwa gore moruti ke motho wa

boleta yoo a sa tiisego letsogo ge a kgala ngwana. Ka tsela yeo mmadi 0

kwela Faro bohloko ge a welwa ke masula. Ka gona 0 ka re go kwelwa

Faro bohloko ka baka la Moruti. Ka go realo kgwerano ya Faro Ie mmadi e

tiiswa ke moruti.

Motho yo mongwe yoo mmadi a mo kwelago bohloko ke Sarona. Gabotse

Sarona 0 rata Faro. Seo se tiiswa ke se:

Pelwana ya Sarona e be e tamoga, e Ie gona

a bona botsana bja Faro. 0 ile a fetsa Ie

pelo ya gagwe gore 0 a mo rata, 0 tla leka go

mo sokolla a mo dira motho (Ietlakala 49).

Mo go kgonthiswa lerato la Sarona go Faro. Ke ka tsela yeo mmadi a

kwelago Sarona bohloko. Go ikgweranywa Ie Faro ka baka la Sarona yoo e

lego motho wa go loka. Mmadi 0 palelwa ke go nyatsa Faro ka gore ge a

nyatsa Faro 0 nyatSa Sarona.

Gabotse ditiragalo di godisa go se loke. Tiragalo ya mathomo ga e lekane

Ie ya bobedi, ya bobedi Ie yona ga e lekane Ie ya boraro, bjalobjalo. Go ka

thwe go se loke go golela pele Ie pele. Boipoeletso bo a tswelela, go

bontsha go se loke ga Faro.

Tiragalo ya mathomo ke ya ge boF aro ba ntshisa bathe lekgetho ka mo

setimeleng. Ge setimela se sala se fihla Park Station, ba tla ba ba bunne

mo go sa belaetsego (Ietlakala 2). Pele ba thoma ka mosomo woo ba be

ba sepela Ie setimela ka moka go lebelela ge banna ba Marasia bao ba

ilego ba fetsa sehlotswana se sengwe sa go nyaka go swana Ie sa bona ba

se gona.

Tiragalo ya bobedi ke ya ge ba logisana maano a lenaneo la bona la ge ba

sa emetse setimela. Themba 0 ile a sisinya gore ba dire lenaneo la beke.

Matsatsi a mabedi ba soma mo ditimeleng Ie diteiseneng, a mabedi mo

dipeseng, ka Labohlano mo mekgotheng, ka Mokibelo ba ya toropong

(Ietlakala 4). Fanyane ke wa go inola bahlolelwa mo gare ga masabasaba

gomme Themba ke wa go ba lokisetsa. Faro yena 0 ema mo gare go thusa

yo a ka bago kotsing.

Tiragalo ya boraro ke ya ge ba nyaka go gobatsa mokgotse wa malome wa

Fanyane, e lego Malala. Sa mo tsebile ka lentsu ge a thoma go bokolela.

Fanyane yena 0 be a hlakantse go makala Ie letshogo ka gore a tseba

bosoro bja Malala Ie gore 0 sepela ka tShipi ye nngwe ya ntlha ka mo Ie ka

mo, yeo a e aparago ge a tseba gore 0 Hego boa ka leswiswi (Ietlakala 4).

Seo se laetsa gore ge ba ka se hlokomele ba ka ikhwetsa ba Ie kotsing.

Tiragalo ya bone ke ya ge ba nyaka go hlakana Ie dipela di thota. Moisa yo

mongwe 0 ile a tswelela a itshepetsa bjalo ka sekgalabjana se ipsinne ka

madila, e Ie maano a go ba makatsa. 0 ile a dira phoso ka go ba bitsa

"bafana" ke ge ba tla mo dikologa. Moisa yoo 0 be a kgwahlile a tseba dilo

tsa gagwe. Sjale ka ge sethikwa se se na maatla, motho wa bathe

mafelelong ke ge a setse a ithapelela bophelo, a ba bitsa "gentlemen" a Ie

fase (Ietlakala 8).

Taba yeo e ile ya ba phafosa. Tsatsi Ie Ie latelago ba dira gore ba ithere,

ba boledisane ka go oketsa sehlopha sa bona goba go itlhama ka dithunya.

Taba ya go oketsa sehlopha e ile ya phaelwa thoko. Sa kwana ka ya

sethunya. Sa ile ba napa ba abelana mesomo. Fanyane e be e Ie wa go

otlela, Ie go ithuta mehuta ka moka ya dikoloi, gore ge ba bolaile yena a

tsebe gore 0 dira eng ka koloi ya kgauswi gore ba kgone go tshaba.

Mosomo wa Faro e be e Ie go bala dikuranta go bona mo go bolelwago ka

bosenyi Ie ka mathaithai a maphodisa a go swara basenyi. Gabotse e tla

ba yena sebadi, setsibi Ie sengwadi sa bona. Godimo ga fao e tla ba

moahlodi. Themba yena e be e Ie moetapele wa bona wa go swara

sethunya.

Tiragalo ya bohlano ke ya ge Faro a anegela bagwera ba gagwe tSa

bophelo bja gagwe go tioga mathomong go fihlela ge a tlogela sekolo ka

lebaka la morutisi yo a bego a mo hloile kudu. 0 hlalositse ka moo a

godisitswego ka bodumeding ka gona. Taba ye nngwe ya go mo kwesa

bohloko kudu ke go hlokofala ga mmagwe. Bagwera ba gagwe ba He ba

thoma go kwesisa gore Faro 0 tshabisitswe ke eng ka sekolong Ie ka gae.

Tiragalo ya boselela ke ya ge Faro a thoma go ya gae, a bo tShetse, a elwa

Ie moratho wa gagwe, Selepe. Mekokoto ya Faro e be e no kwala gore ke

ya botagwa. Selepe 0 be a re yena a ka se kgone go hlobja boroko ke Faro

ka go hlwa a getlagetla Ie masego a lalela batho ba Modimo ge ba etSwa

mesomong gomme a ba amoga ditshelete. Faro Ie yena 0 ile a tomela

Selepe ka gore 0 tshaba go soma 0 lebeletse tshelete ya mokgalabje. Faro

o be a setse a thomile go se sa hlompha tatagwe.

Tiragalo ya bosupa ke ya ge boFaro ba kitima ka sefatanaga. Mathomong

ke ge se bonwa se otlelwa ke Fanyane. Go se go ye kae ke ge Faro Ie

yena a hwetsa laesense ya go otlela sefatanaga. Koloi yeo ya bona e ile ya

tsebja ka la mohlokakhutso. E be e bonwa e seleganya motse wa

Phomolong, Orlando Ie Soweto ka bophara. Ka nako ye nngwe ba be ba

fela ba timelela, kganthe ke gona ge ba thomile go dira tselanabutswa go la

Lebowa. Ka ntle ga moo ba be ba dirile tswelopele Ie kgatelopele ye e

makatsago mo mosomong wa bona. Fanyane 0 tseba Gauteng ka botlalo.

Faro Ie yena 0 dirile dinyakisiso tsa mehutahutana, tsa go thelela

maphodisa.

Tiragalo ya seswai ke ya ge ba nyaka Asinamali go ba thusa gore ba tsebe

mesepelo ya maphodisa. Ba ile ba nyaka Ie dingaka tse pedi:

(a) Ya ditaola yeo e tlogo ba thusa go laola gore ba se tsene molabeng

(b) Ya Sekgowa yeo e tlogo ba thusa ge ba gobetse.

Gape ba ile ba nyaka Ie moemedi yoo a tlogo ba emela ge ba swerwe.

Ngaka ya bona ya ditaola ba e hweleditswe ke Sarona, moratiwa wa Faro,

yo a bego a tsena sekolo Phirikolobe.

Tiragalo ya senyane ke ya ge ba tlogela mosomo wa go utswetsa bathe

ditshelete ka ditimeleng Ie mebileng. Ba ile ba thoma go rekisa maswika,

ke gore digauta Ie ditaemane. Kua Lebowa ba be ba hwetsa patse gomme

ba e lahla go mokgotse wa bona kua Witbank, yena a e rwala ka koloi ya

mosomo ya go isa malahla Gauteng gatee ka beke, moo e bego e rekiswa

ka ponyo ya leihlo.
Tiragalo ya lesome ke ya ge Faro a roba Sarona leoto gomme a rakwa

sekolong. MmaTwala, e lego mogatsa malo me wa Sarona, 0 ile a amogela

lengwalo la go tswa Phirikolobe Ie ba tsebisa gore Sarona ke moimana, ka

gona a ka se dumelelwe go dula sekolong, 0 tla romelwa gae. MmaTwala 0

ile go bala lengwalo leo a kgotsa. Vena Ie mokgalabje ba be ba bala

mengwaga, ba re ka morago ga mengwaga ye meraro, Sarona 0 tla be a na

Ie lengwalo la matriki Ie la borutisigadi gomme a emetSwe ke go nyalwa ke

monna wa serutegi, wa go itlhompha. Ka go dira bjalo ba tla be ba phasitse

badimo. Batswadi ba gagwe ba be ba tla kgotsofala ka seo ba ga Twala ba

se diretsego ngwana wa bona. Bjale ditaba di sepetse ka mokgwa wo

mongwe. Sarona 0 robilwe leoto ke tsotsinyana ya kepisana (Ietlakala 27).

Tiragalo ya lesometee ke ge ba ga Twala ba roma Setsiba Ie Lepogo ga

Moruti Makubu go isa molato. Ge ba fihla moruti 0 be a sa felegeditse

mogwera wa gagwe Barnabas Mathipa. Setsiba Ie Lepogo ba amogetswe

ke Selepe. Ka morago ga diturnediso a sobelela ka moraleng. Faro 0 be a

enwa kofi gona ka moo. Faro 0 be a setse a na Ie maseme ka gore

lengwalo la Sarona 0 be a setse a Ie amogetse. Ka ntle Ie go botsisa

Selepe gore ke bomang bao ba tsenego, a napa a tsea komiki ya gagwe Ie

kepisi a ikgasa go bona. E be e Ie mathomo ba mmonela kgauswi Ie gona

a rotse kuane. 0 no fihla a bea komiki mo tafoleng gomme a ba lebelela ka

mahlong. Lepogo 0 ile a sa re ke a dumedisa, Faro a wisa sethunya mo

fase. 0 ile a se topa, a se fofora marole a ntse a se reta, mafelelong a

ntsha dikolo a di bala a ba a di fetsa.

Faro 0 ile a botSisa bakgalabje bao gore a ka ba thusa ka eng. Bakgalabje

ba Modimo ba be ba Ie kgakanegong ye kgolo. Faro 0 ile a sa letetse

karabo a kwa motho a bolela ka kua ntle, a tseba lentsu la tatagwe a napa

a tswa ka sa mafuri a bolaya naga. Morago ga ditumediso ba ile ba

boledisana ka seo se ba tlisitsego fao. Moruti 0 ile 0 tla nyaka banna ba

gabo, ba tla boa go bona gape.

Tiragalo ya lesomepedi ke ya ge Faro a anegela bagwera ba gagwe tsa

bakgalabje ba ga Twala Ie ka mokgwa wo a dirilego ka gona. Bagwera ba

gagwe ba ile ba mo sola ka ge a tshoseditse bakgalabje bao ka sethunya.

Ba ile ba mo hlohleletsa gore a tswele pele Ie Sarona. Bjona bosego bjoo 0

ile a hlakana Ie Sarona, ba bolela tsa lerato la bona. Faro 0 ile a lefa

molato wa mpa ya Sarona.

Tiragalo ya lesometharo ke ya ge basemane ba bolela ka bathe ba go tsea

maeto a matelele, go ya Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Pietersburg,

Mafikeng, bjalobjalo gore ba rwala tshelete ye ntsi. Gona faD Themba Ie

Fanyane ba hlwele ba dira dinyakisiso gore setimela se sekaone e ka ba

seo, sa go rwala bathe ba bantsi ba go swara matsebetsebe. Mafelelong

ba ile ba ikgethela sa go ya Durban, sona e be e Ie sa gabobona, ba se

tseba gabotse. Sona se ema Germiston go tioga moo se ema Bolokoroso

(Volksrust). Ka gore ga se mokgwa wa bona go wela selo godimo, ke

bathe ba hloko; ba ile ba dulela taba ye ya setimela sa Durban, ba itisa ka

yona. Fanyane 0 ile a ba botsa ka seo a se kwelego go malomeagwe,

Mkhize. Le yena ka nosi 0 be a lemogile gore Mazulu ke bathe bago soma

mengwagangwaga pele ba ka ya gae. Ka tsela yeo ba tioga ka tshelete ye

ntsi ge ba eya gae. Themba 0 Hea nyaka go tseba gore tshelete yeo ba e

bea kae ka gore ke ye ntsi. Fanyane 0 boletse gore ba e botelela mo

lethekeng.

Baisa bao ba ile ba bona bokaone e Ie go sala raditheke ka morago, ge a

tetsa letorokisi bona ba tsene. Ditaba di ile tsa bolelwa ka botlalo. Faro yo

a bego a homotse nako ye ka moka 0 ile a bonala a Ie kgahlanong Ie ditaba

tseo tsa ditimeleng. Go yena 0 be a bona e Ie go tsenya maoto ka

legapeng. Sa mathomo basadi ba be ba tla hlaba mokgosi ge ba bona

sebolao. Sa bobedi bathe ba go ya dintlwaneng ga ba ke ba tela mo

phatsheseng. Taba ya go soma ditimeleng ba ile ba e lahla (matlakala 51-

52)

Tiragalo ya lesomenne e lebane Ie ge basemane ba loga leano la go

hlasela "Top Star". Ba lekotse dilo ka moka ba ba ba lemoga gore koloi e

ka ba swarisa. Ba bona gore bokaone e ka ba go ya setimeleng. Fanyane

o be a setse a etetse letelo lea a inyakisa mosomo. Kua kgorong 0 be a

setse a boledisane Ie "bomatsekelane". Bona 0 be a ba lemogile gore ba

bolawa ke boroko. Motho yo a bego a sa mo tshepe e be e Ie mosemane

wa Morolong yoo a bego a swara dinotlelo Ie sethunya. Ka matsatsi a

mangwe 0 be a robala go moratiwa wa gagwe kua Mapetla. Themba 0 ile a

re go kaone ge ba ka ya Tshehla a Ie gona ka gore ke yena a bego a swara

dinotlelo; 0 tseba dikhutlwana ka moka tsa diofisi.

Tiragalo ya lesomehlano ke ya ge ba hlasela "Top Star Drive-In Cinema".

Sa hweditse badiredi ba "Top Star" ba sa tsene fase, ba busetsa dilo

madulong Ie go boela dintlong tsa bona tsa marobalo, moo ba ilego go etisa

pele ba isa marapo go beng. Sasemane ba ile go fihla moo ba dikologa

terata ba hlahloba Ie go lekola botelele bja yona. Sa be ba setse ba

ikgethetse koloi yeo ba ka tshabago ka yona.

Ge ba kwane ka tseo ba ile ba leba go "matsekelane" kua kgorwaneng. Sa

hweditse aile ka bja matlogadibesong. Themba 0 ile a mo sisinya

gabotsana a re a tsoge. Mokgalabje 0 ile a rapela gore ba se ke ba

mmolaya. Sa ile ba botsisa "matSekelane" ka banna bao ba dulago moo go

akaretswa Ie ka ga Tshehla Ie Napoleon. Vena 0 ba hlaloseditse tsohle.

Sa ile go kgotsofala Themba Ie Faro ba tioga ba leba dintlong tseo banna

bao ba bego ba Ie gona.

Faro 0 no tsena a itshepelela 0 ka re ke yo mongwe wa bona. 0 fihlile a

lebelela ge ba bapala dikarata a feta a tswalela mafastere. Themba 0 ile a

ba patlamisa ka sethunya gomme Faro a "setsha" paki ya Tshehla. Sa ile

ba tsea Tshehla, ba re a bule diofisi, ba swielela "Top Star". Ge ba tioga ba

ile ba kgoka basomedi bao.

Tiragalo ya lesometshela ke ya ge maphodisa a Ie mohlaleng wa bona. Sa

thoma go fetosa mesepelo. Gape Asinamali 0 ba eleditse gore ba emise ka

kgopolo ya go reka koloi yeo ba bego ba gopotse go e reka. Sa swanetse

go lebadisa ka gore maphodisa a boletse Ie dipanka Ie dikaratSe gore ge

motho a ka tla ka tshelete ye ntsi ba ba tsebise. Sa ile ba ya go bona

Sarona sepetlele. Sa sepetse ka pese gore ba se lemogwe. Gape ge ba

fihla sepetlele, ba fetosa maina. Sarona yena 0 be a setse a ntshitse mpa.

Tiragalo ya lesomesupa ke ya ge ba leba Witbank moo Sibongile a bego a

ba bileditse maswikana ao ba a rekisago. Ge ba Ie tseleng ba boa ba ile ba

kwana go se eme gore ba fihle Soweto ka pela, pele maphodisa a boela

mateneng. Ge ba lebile Soweto ba ile ba gahlana Ie maphodisa a thibile

tsela. Sa lekile go tshaba, maphodisa a thuntsha, Ie bona ba ipoeletsa. Sa

ile ba bolaya maphodisa a mabedi, gomme bona ba swarwa.

Gabotse mo 0 ka re ke go senya go gogolo. Sjale basemane ba tshetSe

mellwane, gomme moputso wa go se loke 0 tlo ba tlela. Sa swanetse go

fiwa kotlo yeo e ba swanetsego.

Tiragalo ya lesomeseswai ke ya ge moahlodi a ahlolela Faro Ie Themba

thapo, gomme Fanyane yena a ahlolelwa mengwaga ye lesome kgolegong.

Sa ile ba iswa thapong ba bolawa gabohloko.

Go ka rungwa ka gore mmadi 0 kwela moruti Ie Sarona bohloko ka gore ke

batho ba go loka. Ke bona ba dirago gore go be Ie kgwerano Ie Faro.

Go bontshitshwe bokgoni bja go tsweletsa masetlapelo. Masetlapelo a

hlaloswa ka tsela ya go siroga. Go somisitswe thekniki ya tekolanthago.

Kgopolo yeo e tlo hlaloswa.

Tekolanthago ke thekniki ya go gopola tsa morago. Ge a hlatholla lereo lea

Serudu (1989: 45) 0 re:

Tekolanthago ke tsenatseno ya moela wa

tatelano ya mehleng ya ditiragalo mo

kanegelong goba papading ka nepo ya go

ukama ditiragalo tSeo di setsego di

diregile eupsa di nago Ie kamano Ie tsa bjale.

Seo se bolela gore ditiragalo tseo di setsego di diragetse di na Ie kamano Ie

ditiragalo tsa bjale. Ke ka faD Abrams (1988: 41) a hlalosago tekolanthago

gore ke:
 "... interpollated narratives or scenes often

justified as a memory, a revery or a

confession by one of the characters which

represents events that happened before

the time at which the work opened".

Abrams 0 kgonthisa gore ditiragalo tseo di diragetsego pele moanegwa 0 a di

elelwa, mohlala ke ge Moruti Makubu a gopola ge a be a rapelela bagolegwa

bao ba ahloletswego lehu.

Moruti Makubu e be e Ie moruti wa bagolegwa gagolo bao ba bego ba

ahloletswe lehu. Ge a hlalosetsa mogwera wa gagwe Mathipa ka ditaba tseo,

go lemogwa gore taba yeo e hudua moya wa gagwe. 0 ile a ipotsa gore

mosomo woo ga a sa nyaka Ie go 0 bona. Moruti 0 be a kwela bagolegwa bao

bohloko; ba be ba mo roba pelo. 0 tsweletsa manyami a gagwe ka botlalo.

Le ge moruti a sa bolele phaa, mmadi 0 a tseba gore bohloko bjoo a bo

kwelego bo feta bjo a bo kwago gonabjale ge bjale Faro a ahloletswe lehu.

Ge a be a rapelela bagolegwa bao 0 Hea lIa kudu. Fela go tlo lemogwa gore

ke nku yeo e IIelago teng.

Makubu 0 felegetswa ke Mathipa ka letsatSi leo Faro Ie Themba ba

"Iekeletswago ka melala". Manyami a Makubu ga a bolelwe mo ka gobane a

setse a boletswe kua morago. 0 ka re ga a bolelwe ka gore mmadi 0 a tseba;

a setswe a boletswe ga go na mohola go a boeletsa.

Gabotse mo go na Ie phapano. Makubu ge e be e Ie moruti wa bagolegwa 0

ile a nyamiswa kudukudu ke tse a di lemogilego moo.

Makubu ge e Ie tatagoFaro manyami ga a bolelwe phaa. 0 ka re ga se a

nyamiswa kudu. Mmadi 0 tseba gabotse gore 0 kwa bohloko kudu ka lebaka

la polelo yeo e badilwego ka godimo ya gore 0 fetogile nku yeo e lIelago teng.

Gabotse padi ya masetlapelo e lebane Ie go loka Ie go se loke. Semelo sa

baanegwa bao se hlaloswa e Ie bao ba nago Ie mahlakore a mabedi go swana

Ie Faro Ie Moebangedi Motsheletshele. Baanegwa ba ba na Ie lehlakore la go

loka Ie la go se loke. Dithekniki tSe di tSwelelago ke tsa go ikgweranya. Mo

go Lukas Motsheletshele (1963) go ikgweranywa Ie Albi Ie

MmaMotsheletshele ka gore ke batho ba go loka, seo se dira gore mmadi a

ikgweranye Ie Moebangedi Motsheletshele. Go no swana Ie go Letsogo la

Molao (1984) go ikgweranywa Ie Faro ka baka la Moruti Makubu Ie Sarona

bao e lego batho ba go loka. Ditiragalo di godisa go se loke, ke gore nako Ie

nako ge ditiragalo di gola go se loke Ie gona go a gola. Ge taba yeo ya go se

loke e gola, masetlapelo a a oketsega. Ge go se loke go gola, go kwela

bohloko Ie gona go a gola.

Tladi ke moanegwa wa phatose. Go tioga mathomong a padi go fihla

mafelelong Tladi ke motho wa go loka. Seo se ra gore ga se moanegwa wa

go phethega go ya Ie ka mo boForster ba boletsego ka gona. Ke motho wa

lehlakore Ie tee, e lego la go hloka bosodi. Se segolo ke gore baanegwa ba

T1adi wa Dikgati (1971) ka moka ga bona ga ba na bosaedi. Mmadi 0 a ba

rata ka gore ba sepela tseleng ya go hlweka. Ga go na seo ba ka nyatswago

ka sona.

Tladi ke moanegwa yo a nepiswago. Pele go tlo bolelwa ka mo Phatudi a

hlalosago semelo sa gagwe ka gona ka morago:

Go tlo hlathollwa dithekniki tse Phatudi a di somisitsego go gweranya

mmadi Ie Tladi

- Go tlo tsinkelwa ka mo Phatudi a rulagantsego ditiragalo go tsweletsa

phatose
Go loka ga Tladi go bonala gabotse ge a sena go belegwa. Basadi ge ba

etswa nokeng ba bolela ka taba yeo. Seo baanegwa bao ba se bolelago se

bontsha gore Tladi 0 ratwa ke bathe ka moka. Go tiisa kgonthe ya se go tlo

lekolwa ge ba botsisa Mmasefako ka ga ngwana wabo:

Mmago 0 mahlatse! 0 swere mosemane

gape ....

Mohlomongwe yo 0 tlo phela gabotse

(Ietlakala 19).

Seo se laetsa kamogelo ya Tladi. Basadi bao ba thabetse go tla ga gagwe

lefaseng.

Se sengwe seo se utollago go loka ga Tladi ke ge mongwadi a mo hlalosa ge

a eya go dula Ie makgolo wa gagwe:

Tladi 0 be a setse a thantse kudu ge a eya

gona. 0 fihlile a tlwaela ka pela go ntsha Ie

go gorosa diruiwa, go di nyaka ge di

lahlegile, go tseba mebala, mehlala, melle Ie

mekgwa ya tsona yohle (Ietlakala 22).

Se se laetsa gore Tladi ke mosemane yo bohlale yoo a tlwaelago mesomo Ie

tse dingwe ka pela.

Semelo sa Tladi se utollwa gape Ie ke seo yena a se dirago. Tladi 0 rile go

fihla ga makgolo wa gagwe a ba Ie tsebo ye e makatsago ya diphoofolo. Seo

se tiiswa ke ge a botsa modisi yo mongwe gore a sware kwana a e

batametsa. Ge mosemane a botsisa lebaka Tladi a mmotsa gore mmayo e

bolailwe ke dibata tsa naga maabane. 0 bolela gore kwana ya nku yeo e

hwile lehono. 0 laetse mosemane gore a dire ka mokgwa wo a mmotsago.

Tladi 0 laela mosemane go lata letlalo la kwana yela e hwilego. 0 ile a

apesa kwana yela e hwetswego ke mmayo letlalo la yela ya go hwa. Nku e

ile ya dumela go nyantsha kwana yela e re kganthe ke ya yona (Ietlakala 22).

Se se bontsha gore Tladi ke mosemane yo bohlale.

Polelo ya Tladi Ie yona e tsweletsa semelo sa gagwe ka botlalo moo se tlago

bona Ie ke manong a naga. Go tiisa kgonthe ya se go tla hlokomelwa ge

sebata se be se itirela boithatelo ka diruiwa. Ge yo mongwe wa badisi a re

ba ye go tsoma sebata seo ba se tshosetse, Tladi 0 re:

Ga re e tshositSe e tla boa gape go bane mo

mpsa e topilego lerapo ga e kgobe. Pheko

ya phoofolo ye ke gore e bolawe, naga e

hlomolwe mootlwa (Ietlakala 27).

Se se bontsha bohlale Ie bogale bjoo Tladi a nago Ie bjona. 0 tla ka leano

lee Ie tlago khutsisa batho go dula ka matswalo.

Gabotse Tladi ke motho yo a se nago bosodi. Ke ka lebaka lee mmadi a mo

kwelago bohloko ge a welwa ke masula. 0 ipotsisa gore ke ka lebaka la eng

motho wa go loka go swana Ie Tladi a ka tsena ka gare ga mathata.

Mongwadi 0 tsweletsa thaetlele ya puku, e lege T1adi wa Dikgati (1971) go

nepisa Tladi. Seo se bontsha gabotse gore Tladi ke motho yo bohlokwa Ie

ge mmadi a seso a thoma go bala padinyana yeo. Gape mongwadi 0 sa

tswela pele go nepisa Tladi go ya ka mo a hlalosago ditaba ka gona go tioga

mo temaneng ya mathomo. Phatudi 0 bolela ka barwedi ba Dikgati,

Mmasefako Ie Mmapule, a busa a bolela ka morwa wa Dikgati yo mogolo. 0

re:

... Monanye, 0 be a Ie mengwaga ye mene,

ge Mohlehle, mosadi wa Dikgati, a belega

mosemane wa bobedi (Ietlakala 7).

Taba ye ke ye bohlokwa kudu. Gape 0 tsweletsa taba ya gore" masa a

khukhusitse" (Ietlakala 9). Seo se laetsa seswantsho sa go lebana Ie Tladi.

Mongwadi 0 a gatelela. Kua pele Phatudi 0 kgonthisa taba yona yeo ge are:
 Sjale Dikgati ke monna, 0 na Ie bathe -

dihlogo tse nne. Ruri 0 lotegile. Ke motho

(Ietlakala 19).

Gabotse mo ga ka thwe go nepiswa taba ye bohlokwa, e lego go goroga ga

Tladi lefaseng.

Mongwadi 0 somisa mokgwa wo mongwe wa go tsweletsa ditaba ge a

hlagisa baanegwa ba rata Tladi.

Gabotse ditiragalo tsa phatose ke tseo di lokilego fela, ga di na bosodi, ka

ge baanegwa ba gona Ie bona ba se na bosaedi.

Tiragalo ya mathomo ke ge go begwa gore ngwana 0 belegwe. Taba yeo e

bontsha gore go belegwe senatla ka gore go hlaloswa gore mosemane 0

fihlile lefaseng ka modumo wo mogolo kudu Ie ka tladi ye khwibidu. Seo

ke seswantsho sa gore 0 tla ba Ie mokgwa mo bophelong (Ietlakala 15). Ke

gore Tladi 0 tla ba mosemane yo bohlale, wa go dira dilo tsa go loka.

Tiragalo ya bobedi e lebane Ie ge basadi ba mo reta, go bontSha gore bjale

Tladi ke motho wa go ratwa ke batho. Sa botsa Mmasefako gore mmagwe

o na Ie mahlatse, mosadi yo mongwe 0 tlaleletSa ka gore 0 na Ie mahlatse a

tshwene (Ietlakala 19).

Tiragalo ya boraro ke ya ge go rerwa go isa Tladi ga makgolo wa gagwe.

Go kwanwa gore mmagwe ke yena yo a tlogo bolela Ie yena, ka gore

mohlomongwe a ka ba fa mathata. Mmagwe 0 bolela Ie yena ba kwana

gore 0 tla ya moo.

Tiragalo ya bone ke ya ge bjale Tladi a Ie ga makgolo wa gagwe; a t1waela

ka pela go ntsha Ie go gorosa dikgomo; go di nyaka ge di lahlegile; go

tseba mebala ya tsona; bjalobjalo.

Tiragalo ya bohlano e lebane Ie ge Tladi a apesa kwana yeo e hwetswego

ke mmayo letlalo la kwana yeo e hwilego gomme a e nyantsha go

mmagokwana yeo ya go hwa. Tiragalo ye e bontsha gabotse gore Tladi ke

mosemane yo bohlale wa maano.

Tiragalo ya boselela ke ya ge nkwe e itirela boithatelo ka diruiwa. Ge ba

dutse ba sohlasohla taba yeo Tladi 0 tla ka leano lea Ie ka thusago go

hlomola naga mootlwa, e lego go bolaya nkwe yeo. 0 be a Ie kgahlanong

Ie gore e tshosetSwe; a bolela gore e tlo boa gape.

Tiragalo ya bosupa ke ya ge Tladi a bolaya nkwe. Seo Tladi 0 se dirile

gabonolo. 0 ile a lemoga tsela ya sebata seo, gomme a ba a gakologelwa

gore go na Ie selaga ye kgolo. Bjale a re mo pelong ya gagwe: "Tiego e

tswala tahlego" (Ietlakala 27). 0 ile a lala a theile sebata seo ka selaga. Ka

moswane, e sa Ie bosego, mola bangwe ba sa robetse, Tladi a tsoga a

bitsa dimpsa tse pedi tse kgolo. 0 ile a tsea selepe Ie lerumo. 0 hweditSe

nkwe e tantswe ge a fihla. Nkwe e ile go lemoga Tladi ya tuka bogale. E ile

ya ema ka maoto a morago ya hufogela pele. Ya fofela Tladi mo hlogong a

nyaka a wetse fase. Tladi a e bona ka selepe, a e tShela fase. 0 ile a

phakisa go e hlaba ka lerumo mo pelong. Nkwe e ile ya rapalala fase

(Ietlakala 28). Tiragalo ye e bontsha bogale bja Tladi.

Tiragalo ya seswai e lebane Ie ge Tladi a rwala nkwe a leba kgorwaneng.

Basemane ba ile ba farafara Tladi ba leboga bogale bja gagwe. Tladi 0 ba

laodiseditse ka moka tseo a di dirilego. Banna kgorong, di ile ge di ba

fihlela, ba reta Tladi ka mesegofela ge a hlomotse naga mootlwa.

Tiragalo ya senyane ke ya ge koma e hlaga. BoRakoma Ie thaka tse

dingwe tsa Tladi tsa ya go bolla. Tladi yena Ie ge a be a gotse, a lekanetse

go feta ba bangwe ba ba yago go bolla, a thibelwa go ya thabeng ka ge

Monanye a be a eya Ie yena. Ka lebaka la go fokola Ie bogwahlana bja

gagwe Monanye 0 be a tabogilwe ke lebollo la mphato wo 0 mo lebanego.

Bjale 0 be a eya Ie mphato wo 0 lebanego Tladi.

Tiragalo ya lesome ke ya ge Tladi a ipega go rakgolo wa gagwe gore 0 rata

go tswa Ie ba bangwe. Mokgalabje 0 ile a tsea Tladi a mo isa go tatagwe

gore ba boledisane ka ditaba tseo. Dikgati ga a ka a kwana Ie kgopolo yeo,

a re ke bohlola gore motho a wele Ie mogolo wa gagwe. Tladi 0 kgopetse

gore ba mo ise gaMasemola. Mmagwe 0 ile a gana a re koma ya

ditshabeng ke dijabatho

Tiragalo ya lesometee e nepisa Tladi a tshabela morotong wa gaMasemola.

Tladi 0 ile a itahlela ka gare ga moroto ntle Ie go lemogwa. Tatagwe °

rometswe lentsu la gore a nyakele fao.

Go ka thwe ditiragalo tse di lebane Ie bonatla, go itshwara senna, go ba Ie

sebete Ie kgotlelelo tsa Tladi. Fela kua mafelelong ga di thuse selo ka

gobane 0 sitwa ke bophelo, Monanye Ie bao ba bangwe ba sa phela.

Gabotse phatose e tsweletswa ke ditiragalo tse dingwe tsa mafelelo, ka

gore Tladi 0 ya fase, 0 a hlokofala. Le ge e be e Ie senatla, dilo tseo ka

moka di be di sa mo thuse ka selo. Ditiragalo tseo, sedi:

Tiragalo ya lesomepedi ke ya ge Tladi a lewa ke moroto. Kgwedi ya boraro

e be e setse e wetse go setse fela dibeke tse tharo gore boTladi ba fologe

thabeng. Tladi 0 ile a hlaselwa ke bolwetsi bjoo bo ilego bja mo tsea.

Dikgati 0 ile a lIa gabohloko.

Tiragalo ya lesometharo e nepisa ge Dikgati a boela gae go yo tsea hlaba

ya Tladi, ka gobane a be a swanetse go aloswa, ka molao, Ie ge a be a

setse a tlogile. Mo tseleng 0 ile a nagana seo a tlogo se botsa

mmagoTladi. MmagoTladi 0 bone Dikgati a se mahlong a belaela gore go

na Ie seo se diragetsego. Eupsa Dikgati a mo fa karabo yeo e sego ya

nnete.

Tiragalo ya lesomenne ke ya ge bjale dialoga di fihla kgorong. Dikgati yo a

bego a swana Ie motho yo a sa kago a robala masegosego, Ie diatla tsa

gagwe 0 ka re tsa sepoko (Ietlakala 58), a phuma sedibelo sa makhura mo

go bego go swanetse go dula Tladi. Ka go realo, a supa go bohle gore lapa

la gagwe Ie phumilwe ke kota. Basadi ba motse ba ile ba tsosa sella,

banna ba re tuu! MmaTladi a re go kwa tsa mokgosi wa lapa la gagwe a

idibala.

Tladi ke senatla gape ke sethakga, fela a ya fase. Ke moanegwa wa

phatose. Taba yeo e lomogwa gabotse ge go tsinkelwa ka mo Phatudi a

rulagantsego ditaba ka gona, ka go somisa thekniki ya boipoeletso.

Ditaba tsa mathomo di lebane Ie bofokodi bja Monanye. Tladi 0 yo dula Ie

borakgolo wa gagwe. Ga a dumelelwe gae.

Ditaba tSa bobedi di laetsa ka mo Tladi a sa dumelelwego go bolla Ie

dithaka tsa gagwe go thwe a ka se wele Ie mogolo wa gagwe yoo a

paletswego go namela thaba Ie dithaka tsa gagwe.

Ditaba tsa boraro di felela mo Tladi a hlokofalago gona, ga a dumelelwe go

phela.

Thekniki yona yeo e tsweletsa gore nako Ie nako Tladi Ie ge e Ie motho yo

bohlale Ie go loka, 0 phaelwa ka thoko. Ga a dumelelwe gae, lebollong Ie

bophelong. Phatose e lemogega ge motho wa go loka a sa nyakege goba

a sa ratwe ke bophelo.

Kwelobohloko ya phatose e swanetse go hlaloswa ka go setsa ditaba

gabotse. Ge di hlathollwa ka sedi ye kgolo 0 ka re kwelobohloko yona yeo

ke ya bofora, ke kwelobohloko yeo e sa isego fase, ga se ya nnete.

Gabotse go ka thwe go tsweletsa kwelobohloko ya phatose go na Ie

mathata. Ge e Ie moanegwa wa masetlapelo, e lego wa go se loke, go na

Ie baanegwa ba bangwe ba ba mo ratago, bao mongwadi a ba somisago

gore mmadi a gapeletSege go rata moanegwa yoo. Fela ge e Ie wa

phatose ke moanegwa wa go ratega, mmadi 0 a mo rata; ga a gapeletswe

ke baanegwa ba bangwe ba go mo rata. Phatudi 0 somisitse thekiniki ya

phapantsho go rarolla mathata ao. Ka tsela yeo 0 tiisa kwelobohloko; 0

kgonthisa gore kwelobohloko yeo e be ye e tiilego.

Phapantsho yona yeo e somisitswe ka bokgoni bjo bogolo. Phatudi 0

fapantshitse gabedi: Phapantsho ya mathomo ke ge ba boditse Dikgati

gore a tie morotong, 0 hwetsa Tladi a hlokofetse. Ge a bone setopo 0

thoma go lIa kudu. Dingaka di a mo kgothatsa di re:

Se ise pelo kgole, Moroka. Ngwana yoo e

be e se wa gago. Badimo ba itshwaetse

yena, wa gaga 0 tla tla (Ietlakala 56).

Bjale Dikgati 0 ya gae go lokisa ditaba tseo tsa bathe ge ba aloga.

MmagoTladi 0 bona Dikgati a hloname 0 mmotsisa gore Tladi 0 sa phetse

botse naa? Karaboyeo Dikgati a mo filego e be se ya nnete:

Tladi 0 ile a fisafisa fela ga go na taba,

(Ietlakala57).

Ge mmagoTladi a tswela pele go botsisa gore bjale 0 bjang gona

letlakaleng lea 0 re:

Ka mo Phatudi a hlalositsego ditaba tseo, mmagoTladi 0 a tseba gore Tladi

o hlokofetse Ie ge a se na nnete. Ye ke phapano ya mathomo, ke ge go

hlaloswa Dikgati alia, mmagoTladi a homotse. Gabotse go ka thwe

mmagwe ke motho wa go tia, 0 itshwere. Letsatsi la mafelelo ge dialoga di

boela gae, Dikgati 0 itshwere, ka gore ga se alia. Phatudi 0 hlalosa gore 0

nyaka go swana Ie sepoko. Ge a pshatla sedibana seo, batho ka moka ba

tseba gore Tladi 0 hlokofetse. Ke ge barwedi ba Dikgati, Monanye Ie

mmabo ba thoma go lIa.

Kwelobohloko e gatelelwa ke phapano ye nngwe ya ditaba. Phapano ya

mathomo ke ya ge Dikgati a lIa ge a sena go bona setopo sa Tladi.

Phapano ya bobedi ke ge bjale dialoga di fihla Dikgati a homotse a sa lie.

Seo se ra gore 0 fetogile nku ya go lIela teng go ya Ie ka moo dingaka tseo

di i1egotsa mmotsa ka gona. Phetogo yeo e laetsa manyami a magolo.

Phapano ya mathomo ya mmagoTIadi ke ya gore la mathomo 0 homotse,

9a a lie. Ya bobedi ke ya ge a lIa ge Dikgati a sena go pshatla sedibelo sa

go bontsha gore Tladi 0 hlokofetse. Phetogo yeo e tsweletsa manyami.

Motho yo mathomong a bego a itshwere 0 fetoga motho wa manyami. Go

realo go bontsha go thubega ga manyami, kwelobohloko Ie mahlomola.

Ge go lebeletswe Tladi 0 ka re ke motho wa lehlakore Ie tee la go loka.

Eupsa Ie ge go Ie bjalo go loka Ie bonatla bja gagwe ga di thuse selo, ka

gore mafelelong 0 ya fase. Mmadi 0 ikgweranya Ie Tladi ka ge e Ie motho

wa go loka. Ge go lekodisiswa go tla lemogwa gore Tladi wa Dikgati (1971)

ke kanegelo ya phatose mola Lukas Motsheletshele (1963) Ie Letsogo la

Molao (1984) e Ie dikanegelo tsa masetlapelo. Baanegwa ba masetlapelo

ba na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, e lego la go loka Ie la go se loke go swana Ie

Moebangedi Motsheletshele Ie Faro. Ge e Ie wa phatose yen a 0 na Ie

lehlakore Ie tee la go loka, go swana Ie Tladi. Tladi ke motho wa go loka

eupsa 0 welwa ke mathata. Mmadi 0 mo kwela bohloko ka ge e Ie motho

wa go loka. Gape batswadi ba Tladi ba kwelwa bohloko ge ba robilwe

dipelo ke lehu la ngwana wa bona. Go ka rungwa ka gore

moanegwaphethegi ke moanegwa yo a nago Ie botho.

Maikemisetso a nyakisiso ye ke go hlalosa mehuta ya baanegwa, e lego

moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi, ka gobane ditlhaloso tsa borateori

ba bangwe ga di nepise ditaba tseo ka tshwanelo. Mareo ao a mabedi a

somisitswe la mathomo ke Forster (1927), tela tlhathollo ya ona e sa na Ie

mathata, kudu ge a hlalosa moanegwaphethegi. Ke ka lebaka lee go

tsomegago tlhaloso ye e tletsego ya mareo ao.

Kgaolo ye e arotswe ka dikarolwana tse tlhano. Karolwana ya mathomo e

nepisa Forster Ie sengwalo sa gagwe Aspects of the Novel (1927).

Karolwaneng ya bobedi go bontshitswe maikemisetso a lengwalonyakisiso

Ie. Go boletswe gape Ie ka mokgwanyakisiso. Kgatong ya matelelo go

tsinketswe tlhaloso ya dikgopolo tse di tlogo somiswa go phetha tebanyo ya

thuto ye.

Malebana Ie sengwalo sa Forster, go boletswe bohlokwa bja Forster, ka

sengwalong sa gagwe 0 thomile go bolela ka dielemente tsa padi. Ye

nngwe ya tsona ke baanegwa. Gape a re go na Ie mehuta ye mebedi, e

lego baanegwahlaedi Ie baanegwaphethegi. Ge a hlalosa moanegwahlaedi

ore ke wa lehlakore Ie tee goba wa sekwero. 0 re:

In their purest form they are constructed round

a single idea or quality: when this is more

than one factor in them, we get the beginning

of a curve towards the round.

o tswela pele a re semelo sa moanegwahlaedi se ka hlaloswa ka botlalo

ka go somisa lefokwana Ie tee. 0 emela kgopolo ye e itsego.

Go hlalositswe ge moanegwaphethegi e Ie wa mahlokore a mabedi Ie go

feta fao. Ke ka lebaka leo Forster (Ietlakala 75) a rego:

The test of a round character is whether it is

capable of suprising in a convincing way.

o ruma ka gore ge a sa maketse, ke moanegwahlaedi; ge a sa kgodise, ke

moanegwahlaedi yo a dirago e ke ke moanegwaphethegi.

Go boletswe ka moo dikgopolo tseo tsa Forster di bilego Ie khuetso ye

kgolo go banyakisisi ba ka morago ga gagwe. Eupsa di fapana Ie tsa

bangwadi ba pele ga gagwe, ba go swana Ie boTietjie (1916), boShaw

(1914), bjalobjalo, bao ba bego ba sa hlalose semelo sa moanegwa eupsa

ba kgethologanya baanegwa fela.

Maikemisetsong go boletswe ka moo Forster (1927) a sego a nepisa

dikgopolo gabotse ge a hlalosa moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi.

Go tswetswe pele ka go bolela ka ga mokgwa wa nyakisiso gomme go

gateletswe gore nyakisiso e theilwe godimo ga go hlalosa Ie go hlatholla

semelo sa moanegwa. Kgatla (2000) 0 boletse gore go hlalosa ke go fa

polelo ye e tseneletsego ya selo, gwa utollwa diphapantsho tsa sona gore

sebopego sa sona se sale se ikanegile molaleng. Serudu (1987) 0 ile a

tlatsa kgopolo yeo ka gore go hlalosa ke go tsweletsa ka mantsu sebopego,

seemo goba kamano ya selo se tee Ie tse dingwe.

Go boletswe ka mo go hlatholla go supago go gatelela mesomo ya

diphapantsho tsa sengwalo. Taba yeo e sa tiisetswa ke Serudu (1987: 25)

ka go amanya kgopolo yeo ya kwesiso ka gore 0 re ke go hlalosa sengwalo

go laetsa ge e Ie gore 0 a se kwesisa. Polelo yeo ya Serudu e tiiseditswe

ke Wales (1995: 256) ge are:

"It means understanding, understanding

language of a text, and understanding its

means and theme(s)".

Mabapi Ie taetsonyakisiso go tsinketswe gore nyakisiso e tla latela teori ya

naratholotsi. Ge go bolelwa ka sebopego sa sengwalo, se se swanango Ie

legaba la eie lea Ie nago Ie matlalo a mararo e lego la diteng, la thulaganyo

Ie la mongwalelo. Nyakisiso ye e lebane Ie letlalo la thulaganyo.

Tlhalosong ya dikgopolo go tsinketswe dikgopolo tse pedi, e lego moanegwa

Ie tlhaloso ya semelo sa moanegwa. Mabapi Ie tlhaloso ya semelo sa

moanegwa go senkasenkilwe ge e Ie mokgwa woo mongwadi a tsweletsago

seo moanegwa a lego sona.

Kgaolo ye e lebane Ie mehuta ya baanegwa. Go boletswe gore mo

sengwalong go na Ie baanegwa ba diteng, ba thulaganyo Ie ba moko wa

ditaba. Baanegwa ba ba bagolo ba diteng ke mongangisi Ie mongangiswa,

mola ba thulaganyo e Ie molwantshwa, molwantshi Ie mohlohleletsi.

Baanegwa bao ba lebanego Ie moko wa ditaba ba hlatholotswe ke Forster

(1927: 68) bjalo ka moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi. Vena 0 boletse

ge moanegwahlaedi a na Ie lehlakore Ie tee mola moanegwaphethegi a na

Ie mahlakore a mabedi. Gantsi moanegwahlaedi a ka tsweletswa e Ie motho

wa metlae. Semelo sa gagwe se ka utollwa ka go somisa lefokwana Ie tee,

ke gore 0 emela kgopolo ye e itsego, ge a lebane Ie bosaedi 0 tla saetsa

nako Ie nako ge a sekasekwa. Ke ka lebaka lea a lemogwago ka pela ge go

bolelwa ka ga gagwe. Mabapi Ie moanegwaphethegi 0 hlalositse gore 0

swanetse go makatsa, ge a sa makatse go ka thwe ke moanegwahlaedi. Ka

lehlakoreng Ie lengwe ge a tsweletswa e Ie moanegwa yo a sa kgodisego

gona a ka bitswa moanegwahlaedi yo a dirago e ke ke moanegwaphethegi.

o emela motho wa semelo se se raraganego. Le ge go Ie bjalo ke yo a

kgodisago ka gore 0 swantsha tharano ya bophelo bja motho.

Basekaseki ba ka morago ga Forster ba go swana Ie boSouvage (1965),

Wellek Ie ba bangwe (1942), bjalobjalo ba hueditswe kudu ke tlhaloso yeo ya

Forster.

Kgaolo ye e lebane Ie mekgwa ya go hlalosa semelo sa moanegwa. Go

boletswe ka mekgwa ye mebedi ya go hlalosa semelo, e \ego mokgwa wa

go hlalosa ka go siroga Ie mokgwa wa go hlalosa ka go nepisa. Rimmon-

Kenan (1983: 49) 0 bolela gore mokgwa wa go hlatholla ka go nepisa 0

dirisa lehlaodi. Go boletswe gore go hlalosa ka go siroga ke go somisa

tlhaloso bjalo ka ge ditaba tse pedi tsa go fapana di kwantshwa. Go

hlagisitswe gore go utolla semelo go arotswe ka dikarolo tse tharo, e lego

(a) seo mongwadi a se bolelago ka moanegwa, (b) seo baanegwa ba se

bolelago ka moanegwa Ie (c) ge moanegwa a itlhalosa. Dikarolo tseo di

arotswe ka dikarolwana go swana Ie ditiro, tikologo, theto, bjalobjalo.

Kgaolo ye e lebane Ie teori ya lengwalonyakisiso Ie. Go boletswe ka moo

borateori ba bolelago ka molomo wa lehlabula mabapi Ie mehuta ye mebedi

ya baanegwa, e lege moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi. Le ge

dikgopolo tseo di amogelwa, eupsa ditlhaloso tsa tsona ga di tsenelele, ga

di kgodise. Go lekotswe gape mehlala go tswa dipukung tsa Sepedi. Go

hlatholotswe gore moanegwaphethegi 0 laolwa ke kgopolo ya botho.

Kgaolo ye e Iebane Ie moanegwahlaedi, gape e nepisitse Noto-ya-

Masogana (1954). Go hlalositswe ka moo moanegwahlaedi a se nago

botho ka gona. Mo go Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) go nepisitswe baanegwa

ba babedi, Lesala Ie Lesibana, e lego molwantshwa Ie molwantshi. Eupsa

yo bohlokwa ke Lesibana ka ge e Ie moanegwathwadi. Ge go tsinkelwa

baanegwa bao go boletswe dimelo tsa bona, dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya Ie

ditiragalo. Lesibana 0 tsweleditswe e Ie moanegwa yoo a nago Ie

mahlakore a mabedi, e lego la go loka Ie la go se loke. Ge go hlaloswa

dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya go hlagisitswe taba ya thaetlele Ie nepiso. Go

boletswe bohlokwa bja ditiragalo, e lego go godisa maatlakgogedi, ka

gobane go se loke ga Lesibana go golela pele. Gape go boletswe semelo

sa Lesala gore Ie sona se lebane Ie mahlakore a mabedi, la go loka Ie la go

se loke. Ge go rungwa go tSweleditswe gore ge go hlaloswa semelo sa

Lesala Ie Lesibana ga go na botho.

Kgaolo ye e sa lebane Ie moanegwahlaedi eupsa puku ye e nepisitswego

mo ke Nnete Fe/a (1989). Go boletswe ka moo baanegwa ba Nnete Fe/a

(1989) Ie ba Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) ba fapanago ka gona. Sa Noto-ya-

Masogana (1954) ba na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, la go loka Ie la go se loke.

Sa Nnete Fela (1989) ke ba lehlakore Ie tee, la go loka goba la go se loke.

Go hlatholotswe seo paditseka e lego sona. Saanegwa bao ba

nepisitswego ke Ariel Ie sindikheiti, e lego molwantshi Ie molwantshwa.

Eupsa moanegwa yo bohlokwa ke Ariel ka ge e Ie yena moanegwathwadi.

Le gona mo go sa tsinketswe semelo sa baanegwa, dithekniki tsa go

ikgweranya Ie ditiragalo. Go boletswe gore Ariel 0 na Ie lehlakore Ie tee la

go loka, mola ka thokong ye nngwe sindikheiti Ie yona e na Ie lehlakore Ie

tee la go se loke. Mo go dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya go nepiswa Ariel ka

ge e Ie yena motho yo bohlokwa. Gape mmadi 0 itswalanya Ie yena ka ge

e Ie motho wa go loka. Malebana Ie ditiragalo go boletswe gore bohlokwa

bja tsona ke go godisa maatlakgogedi. Go hlalositswe ge ditiragalo di

rulagantswe gore thulano gare ga go loka Ie go se loke e golele pele.

Kgaolo ye e lebane Ie moanegwaphethegi. Mo go yona go nepisitswe padi

yeo e lebanego Ie masetlapelo e lego Lukas Motsheletshele (1963) gwa

tlaleletswa ka Letsogo la Molao (1984) go tiisa ditaba tseo. Go hlalositswe

dikgopolo tse pedi, e lego masetlapelo Ie phatose. Go bolwetswe gore

baanegwa ba masetlapelo ke ba go loka Ie ba go se loke. Go nepisitswe

moanegwa wa go se loke, e lego Moebangedi Motsheletshele. Go

hlalositswe semelo sa moanegwa, dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya Ie ditiragalo.

Go hlatholotswe gore Moebangedi Motsheletshele ke motho wa mahlakore

a mabedi, e lego la go loka Ie la go se loke. Go somisitswe

moanegwathusi, e lego Albi go gweranya mmadi Ie Moebangedi

Motsheletshele. Ditiragalo di hlagisitswe ge di thusa go godisa

maatlakgogedi. Mo go Letsogo la Molao (1984) go nepisitswe Faro ka ge e

Ie yena moanegwathwadi. Le yena 0 na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, la go loka

Ie la go se loke. Semelo sa gagwe, dithekiniki tsa go ikgweranya Ie

ditiragalo di tsinketswe.

Karolo ye e sa lebane Ie moanegwaphethegi eupsa go nepisitswe puku ya

phatose, e lego T1adi wa Dikgati (1971). Moanegwa yo a nepisitswego ke

Tladi. Vena 0 na Ie lehlakore Ie tee la go loka. Go hlatholotswe semelo sa

Tladi, dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya, ditiragalo Ie kwelobohloko ya phatose.

Tladi 0 tsweleditswe e Ie motho wa go loka go tioga mathomong a padi go

fihla mafelelong. Go dithekniki tsa go ikgweranya go hlagisitswe thaetlele

ya puku go nepisa Tladi, ka ge e Ie motho yo bohlokwa. Ditiragalo di

hlalositswe e Ie tseo di lokilego fela, tseo di se nago bosodi. Malebana Ie

kwelobohloko ya phatose go bontshitswe phapano ya Dikgati Ie

mmagoTladi.

Mo go i10 bapetswa moanegwahlaedi Ie moanegwaphethegi. Borateori ba

boletse gore baanegwa bao ba babedi ba na Ie mahlakore.

Moanegwahlaedi, go ya ka tlhaloso ya Forster, 0 na Ie lehlakore Ie tee mola

moanegwaphethegi a na Ie mahlakore a mabedi. Eupsa Ie ge go Ie bjalo,

Forster 0 He a bolela se sengwe se bohlokwa, a re go na Ie botho. Taba

yeo ke yona e tlisago phapano gare ga baanegwa ba babedi bao.

Ge go lebelelwa ka tlhokomelo go tlo lemogwa gore moanegwahlaedi bjalo

ka Lesibana 0 na Ie mahlakore a mabedi, e lego la go loka Ie la go se loke.

Ka tsela yeo ga a fapane Ie moanegwaphethegi bjalo ka Faro Ie

Moebangedi Motsheletshele ka gore Ie bona ba tsweletswa ba na Ie

mahlakore ona ao a mabedi, la go loka Ie la go se loke. Gape go na Ie

moanegwahlaedi wa lehlakore Ie tee, e ka ba la go loka goba la go se loke

bjalo ka Ariel Ie Sindikheiti. Go no ba bjalo go moanegwaphethegi, Ie yena

o na Ie lehlakore Ie tee la go loka goba lona leo la go se loke, bjalo ka Tladi

Ie Lukas yo monnyane. Tabakgolo ye bohlokwa ye Forster a e boletsego

ke botho. Botho ke kokwane ye kgolo ye e fapantshago mehuta ye mebedi

ya baanegwa bao. Ge go lebeletswe go tla lemogwa gore mo go Lesibana

Ie Ariel ga go na botho. Mola go Moebangedi Motsheletshele, Faro Ie Tladi

go na Ie botho.

Go ka rungwa ka gore phapano gare ga moanegwahlaedi Ie

moanegwaphethegi e laolwa ke moko wa ditaba e sego tlhaloso ya semelo.

Groenewald (1993: 6) 0 bolela ka mehuta ye mebedi ya dikanegelo, e lego

tsa go itisa Ie tsa kwesisano. Tsa go itisa di lebane Ie ditiragalo mola tsa

kwesisano di lebane Ie baanegwa.

Ge a tswela pele mo letlakaleng la bosupa Greonewald 0 bolela gore

thulano ya kanegelo ya go itisa e gare ga moanegwa wa go loka Ie wa go

se loke. Ge e Ie thulano ya gare ga baanegwa, yo mongwe 0 emela go

loka, yo mongwe 0 emela go se loke, thulano yeo ke ya ka ntle. Ke ka

lebaka leo baanegwa ba dingwalo tseo e Iego baanegwahlaedi. Gabotse

go thabelwa kotlo, ka gobane e tlo ba busetsa tseleng gore ba loke gape.

Ge Lesala a fetoga motho yo mosoro mmadi 0 a mo hloya. Ge go balwa

paditseka, go a tsebja gore mafelelong ditaba di tlo loka. Mo go Nnete FeJa

(1989) go a tsebja gore sindikheithi e tlo swara. Le ge go Ie bjalo ga e

kwelwe bohloko.
Thulano ya kanegelo ya kwesisano e gare ga go loka Ie go se loke. Mmadi

o itswalanya Ie molwantshwa, Ie ge moanegwa yoo e Ie motho wa go se

loke bjalo ka Moebangedi Motsheletshele yo bofokodi bja gagwe e lego go

rata Lukas go feta bana ba gagwe ba bangwe. Eupsa ge mafelelong a

hlagelwa ke mathata mmadi 0 mo kwela bohloko. Ge go ka lekodisiswa

gabotse go tlo lemogwa gore Tladi ke motho wa go loka eupsa 0 welwa ke

masula, mmadi 0 mo kwela bohloko ka ge e Ie motho wa go loka.

Ka boripana go ka thwe, ge moko wa ditaba 0 lebane Ie go itisa baanegwa

bao ka moka e tlo ba baanegwahlaedi. Ge go ka hlokomelwa gabotse go

tlo lemogwa gore baanegwa ba Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) Ie Nnete Fela

(1989), Lesibana, Lesala, Mamahlo, Ariel, Bubbles, bjalobjalo, ke batho.

Mo kanegelong ya go itisa khuduego ga e bolele selo ka manyami goba

lethabo. Ka lehlakoreng Ie lengwe ge moko wa ditaba 0 lebane Ie

kwesisano baanegwa bao ka moka e tlo ba baanegwaphethegi. Ge go

lebelelwa baanegwa ba Lukas Motsheletshele (1963), Letsogo la Molao

(1984) Ie T1adi wa Dikgati (1971) bjalo ka Lukas, Albi, Dorothea, Faro,

Selepe, Mathipe, bjalobjalo go tla bonwa gore ke bathe ba mmadi a ba

ratago goba a ba nyatsago. Mo go padi ya kwesisano khuduego ke ya

kwelobohloko goba lenyatso.

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This study attempts to define more clearly the concepts 'flat character' and

'round character' by examining instances of Sepedi literature. Definitions

provided by theorists are in most cases vague and may lead to

unsatisfactory interpretations. The best examples in this instance are the

definitions provided by Forster - they create problems particularly with

references to the concept 'round character'. Forster's definition creates the

impression that the difference can be based on the manner of

characterization. In this investigation, attention is thus paid to

Characterization,while it is pointed out that these concepts are not to be

confused with the concepts 'antagonist', 'protagonist' and 'tritagonist'. The

latter types of characters are classified as structural elements while the

former are thematically important.

The Sepedi literary works chosen for the purposes of this study represent

the four most important prose genres in Sepedi. Tsebe's' Noto-ya-

Masogana (1954) is the representative of the category 'love story';

Kekana's Nnete Fela (1989) is a detective story; Rammala's Lukas

Motsheletshele (1963) and Mphahlele's Letsogo la Molao (1984) are tragic

narratives, while Phatudi concentrates on and describes elements of pathos

in his T1adi wa Dikgati (1971).

The characters in Tsebe and Kekana's narratives are flat. Whereas

Tsebe's Lesibana is portrayed as a multidimensional character, Ariel in

Kekana's detective story is presented as one - dimensional. According to

the definitions of Forster, Lesibana could be classified as a round character

and Ariel as a flat character. The problem that surfaces in this instance also

becomes manifest in the investigation into Rammala, Mphahlele and

Phatudi's works. Rammala's Lukas Motsheletshele and Mphahlele's Faro

are multidimensional characters as opposed to Phatudi's Tladi who is one -

dimensional, yet all of them are round characters.

The distinction that can be drawn between the concepts 'flat character' and

'round character' has to do with humaneness. The reader's identification

with the flat charater is based on the reader's ability to distinguish between

good and eVil, while an understanding of and a feeling for fellow human

beings determine identification with the round character. The author brings

about this identification process by using a variety of literary devices.

In this thesis, a great deal of emphasis is placed on the theme of each of

the mentioned works and on how this theme determines the character

types. The concept of 'identification' is a central issue in this study and has

thus been explained in detail. The specific literary devices used by the

author to bring about this identification have thus also been carefully

investigated and discussed. It was discovered that characterization as such

does not determine whether characters are flat or round; instead, this is

determined thematically.

Round character

Flat character

Human depth

Characterization

Pathos

Focus

Tragedy

Explicit

Implicit

Humour
In hierdie ondersoek word getrag om die begrippe van vlakkarakter en

volkarakter aan die hand van voorbeelde in die Sepediletterkundeduideliker

te omlyn. Die uiteensettings van teoretici is meesal vaag en leen hulle tot

interpretasies wat nie bevredig nie. Die beste voorbeeld hiervan is die

Forsterdefinisie wat veral t.o.v. die begrip van volkarakter probleme skep

daar dit ge"interpreteerkan word as sou die onderskeid bepaal word deur

die wyse waarop die karaterisering plaasvind. Terselfdertyd word daarop

gewys dat hierdie begrippe nie met die van antagonis, protagonis, and

tritagonis verwar mag word nie. Lg. karaktertipes word as

struktuurelementeuitgewys terwyl eersgenoemdetematies van belang is.

Die literare werke in Sepedi wat in hierdie ondersoek gekies is,

verteenwoordig die vier belangrikste prosagenres in die letterkunde. Tsebe

se Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) verteenwoordig die kategorie van die

liefdesverhaal, Kekana se Nnete Fela (1989) is 'n speurverhaal, Rammala

se Lukas Motsheletshele (1963) en Mphahlele se Letsogo la Molao (1984)

is tragiese verhale, terwyl Phatudi in sy Tladi wa Dikgati (1971) "n stuk

patos uit die lewe neem en beskryf.

In die verhale van Tsebe en Kekana is die karakters vlakkarakters. Waar

Tsebe se Lesibana meerdimensioneel uitgebeeld word , word Ariel in

Kekana se speurverhaal eendimensioneel voorgestel. Volgens die

Forsterdefinisie sou Lesibana as en volkarakter en Ariel In vlakkarakter

beskryf kon word. Die probleem wat hom in hierdie geval voordoen, kom

egter ook in die ondersoek na Rammala, Mphahlele en Phatudi se werke

aan die lig. Rammala se Lukas MotSheletshele en Mphahlele se Faro is

meerdimensionele karakters teenoor Phatudi se Tladi wat eendimensioneel

is, en tog is hulle almal volkarakters.

Die verskil wat tussen die begrippe van vlakkarater en volkarakter gemaak

kan word, hang met menslikheid saam. Die leser se vereenselwiging met

die vlakkarakter berus op die leser se vermoe om tussen goed en sleg te

onderskei, terwyl sy vereenselwiging met die volkarakter deur

medemenslikheid en begrip bepaal word. Die outeur bring hierdie

vereenselwigingsproses deur die gebruik van In verskeidenheid kunsgrepe

aan.

In hierdie proefskrif val die klem swaar op die tema van elk van die werke

en hoedat dit die karaktertipe bepaal. Daar die begrip van vereenselwiging

in die ondersoek sentraal staan, is dit volledig toegelig, en is die

verskillende kunsgrepe wat die outeur aanwend om dit te verwesenlik in die

besonder nagegaan en beskryf. Daar is bevind dat karakterisering as

sodanig nie die tipering van die vlak-of volkarakter bepaal nie; dit word

trouens tematies begrond.

Volkarakter

Vlakkarakter

Medemenslikheid

Karakterisering

Patos

Fokus

Tragedie

Eksplisiet

Implisiet

Humor