Forty Second Annual Columbus State

University
Invitational Mathematics Tournament
Sponsored by
The Columbus State University
Department of Mathematics
March 5, 2016
*********************************
The Columbus State University Mathematics faculty welcomes you to this year’s tour-
nament and to our campus. We wish you success on this test and in your future studies.

Introduction
This is a 90-minute, 50-problem, multiple-choice exam. There are five possible responses
to each question. You should select the one best answer for each problem. In some instances
this may be the closest approximation rather than an exact answer. You may mark on the
test booklet and on the paper provided to you. If you need more paper or an extra pencil, let
one of the monitors know. When you are sure of an answer circle the choice you have made
on the test booklet. Carefully transfer your answers to the score sheet. Completely darken
the blank corresponding to the letter of your response to each question. Mark your answer
boldly with No.2 pencil. If you must change an answer, completely erase the previous choice
and then record the new answer. Incomplete erasures and multiple marks for any question
will be scored as an incorrect response. The examination will be scored on the basis of +12
for each correct answer, −3 for each incorrect selection, and 0 for each omitted item. Each
student will be given an initial score of +200.
Pre-selected problems will be used as tie-breakers for individual awards. These problems,
designated with an asterisk (∗), in order of consideration are: 4, 10, 14, 16, 17, 21, 24, 28,
31, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47 and 50.
Throughout the exam, AB will denote the line segment from point A to point B and
AB will denote the length of AB; ∠A denotes the ∠BAC or ∠CAB in the triangle △ABC.
Pre-drawn geometric figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Review and check your score sheet carefully. Your student identification number
and your school number must be encoded correctly on your score sheet.
When you complete your test, bring your pencil, scratch paper and answer sheet to the
test monitor. Leave the room after you have handed in your answer sheet. Please leave
quietly so as not to disturb the other contestants. Do not congregate outside the doors by
the testing area. You may keep your copy of the test. Your sponsor will have a copy of
solutions to the test problems.
Do not open your test until instructed to do so!

1
1. If the straight lines 2y + 3x − 4 = 0 and 3y − ax + 4 = 0 are perpendicular to each
other, what is the value of a?

A) 5 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2 E) 1

2. In the cuboid represented below, we know AB = BD = 1 and BC = 2. What is the

total surface area of the cuboid?

A) 6 B) 2 C) 8 D) 9 E) 10
√
3. Let i be the complex number −1. Find the value of i2016 .

A) i B) − i C) 1 D) − 1 E) 0

x+1
4. ∗ Find the minimum value of the function f (x) = for real numbers x, where
x
1 6 x 6 2016.
3 2017 2016
A) 1 B) C) D) 2 E)
2 2016 2015
5. The average age of three girls is 7 years. If a boy joins the group, then the average age
of these four children is 6 years. What is the boy’s age?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

6. For what value of k does the system of equations


y = x2 + 5
y = 2x + k
have a unique solution?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

2
 7. Find the radius of the circle x2 − 2x + y 2 − 4y − 4 = 0.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

8. Find the vertex of the parabola y = x2 − 2x + 3.

A) (1, 2) B) (1, −2) C) (−1, 2) D) (0, 3) E) (2, 3)

9. What is the product of all solutions of the equation x4 − 2x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 3 = 0?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

10. ∗ If the geometric mean of two positive real numbers

p a and b (with a < b) is equal to
15 and their arithmetic average is 39, what is b/a?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

11. If x is an integer, what is the minimum value of (2x − 3)2 + 2?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

12. There are 10 people in a room, 40% percent of whom are men. If no man enters
or leaves the room, how many women must enter the room so that 20% of the total
number of people in the room are men?

A) 10 B) 9 C) 3 D) 7 E) 6

13. If (1 − 2x)2016 = a0 +a1 x+a2 x2 +· · ·+a2016 x2016 , find the value of a0 +a1 +a2 +· · ·+a2016 .

A) 5 B) 4 C) 3 D) 1 E) 2

14. ∗ Assume that the sets 1, a+b, a and 0, ab , b have the same elements for real numbers
 

a and b. Find the value of b − a.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 0

15. If (x − 3x2 )3 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + · · · + a5 x5 + a6 x6 , find the value of a0 + a1 − a2 .

A) 3 B) 4 C) 0 D) 1 E) 2

2 −2x
16. ∗ How many real solutions does the equation (x2 − 3)x = 1 have?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

3
17. ∗ Each 3-digit positive integer is written on a card. All cards are placed in a box and
one is extracted from the box. Find the probability that the sum of the digits on the
card is 5.
1 1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D) E)
900 300 150 90 60

18. Let x and y be real numbers such that x2 + 10x + 4y 2 − 20y + 50 = 0. Find the value
of −2(x + y).

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

19. If the real numbers x and y satisfy the system


3x + y = k + 1
x + 3y = 3
for the real number k with 2 < k < 4, which one of the following is true about x − y?
A) 0 < x − y < 1/2 B) 0 < x − y < 1 C) − 3 < x − y < −1

D) − 1 < x − y < 1 E) 3 < x − y < 5

√
4 log b · logb a
20. Simplify the expression for a > 1 and b > 1.
log a
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

21. ∗ If f (x) is an odd function defined on (−∞, ∞) such that f (x) = f (1 − x), what is the
value of f (2016)?

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

22. Find the number of distinct pairs (x, y) of positive integers which are solutions of the
1 1 1
equation + = .
x y 7
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

23. Find all the values of a for which B = {x|x2 − ax − 4 6 0} contains the interval [2, 4].
A) [−1, 2) B) [−1, 2] C) [3, ∞) D) [0, 3] E) [2, ∞)

5 − 4x + x2
24. Consider the function f (x) =
∗
for −∞ < x < 2. Find the minimum value
2−x
of f (x).

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

4
25. If x and y satisfy the following system of equations, find the value of xy.

log x − log y = −2
log x + 2 log y = 1

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

26. Find the value of a in x3 − 3x + a = 0 if the sum of two of its solutions is 2.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

x
27. If x and b are real numbers such that logx2 b + logb2 x = 1, find the value of .
b
A) 5 B) 4 C) 1 D) 2 E) 3

28. ∗ If 31−2x = π, find the value of 91+x .

27 3 9 12 2
A) B) C) D) E)
π π π π π

√ √
q q

2016
29. Let x = 3+ 5− 3− 5. Find the value of x3 + 2x2 − 2x − 5 .

A) 5 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2 E) 1
      
1 1 1 1 1
30. Find the value of the product 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ ··· 1+ .
1 2 3 4 2016

A) 2013 B) 2014 C) 2015 D) 2016 E) 2017

1 1 1
31. ∗ How many triples (x, y, z) are solutions of the equation x2 +y 2 +z 2 + + 2 + 2 = 6.
x2 y z

A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 8 E) 6

32. Determine the number of real solutions of x2 − 3x − a2 + 2 = 0 for a real number a.

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

33. Find the interval on which the function f (x) = log 1 (x2 − 2x − 3) is increasing.
2



A) (−∞, +∞) B) (−∞, −1) C) (−1, 3) D) (3, +∞) E) 3, +∞

5
34. Find the value of x + y such that x and y are real numbers which satisfy the following
system of equations. 
(x − 1)3 + 2016(x − 1) = −1
(y − 1)3 + 2016(y − 1) = 1

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

35. Suppose log(a + b) = log a + log b, for some real numbers a and b with a > 1 and b > 1.
Find the value of log(a − 1) + log(b − 1).

A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D) 3 E) 5

36. ∗ Suppose {a1 , a2 , a3 , · · · } is a geometric sequence of real numbers. The sum of the
S40
first n terms is denoted by Sn . If S10 = 10 and S30 = 70, calculate the value of .
50
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 4
√ √
q q
37. Simplify the expression x + 1 − 2 x + x + 1 + 2 x for 0 6 x 6 1.
√
A) x2 B) 2 x C) x D) 2 E) 1

38. If tan(θ) < 0 and sin(θ) = − 13 , find cos(θ).

√ √ √ √
√ 3 3 2 2 2 2
A) 3 B) C) − D) E) −
3 3 3 3
39. The function f (x) = ax + b satisfies f (f (f (1))) = 29 and f (f (f (0))) = 21. Find the
value of a + b.
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 4 E) 5

40. ∗ In triangle △ABC, if ∠A = 60◦ , AB = 2, and AC = 3, find the length of the third
side BC.

6
 √ √ √ √
A) 3 B) 2 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7

5π 3π
√ √
41. ∗ If 4
6θ6 2
, find the value of 1 − sin 2θ − 1 + sin 2θ.

A) 2 sin θ B) − 2 sin θ C) 2 cos θ D) − 2 cos θ E) 0

42. ∗ Find the minimum value of x2 + y 2 such that x and y satisfy the equation (x + 1)2 +
(y − 1)2 = 8.

A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D) 3 E) 4

43. ∗ Find the range of f (x) = 8(sin4 x + cos4 x − sin x cos x) for all real numbers x.

A) (0, 9) B) [0, 9) C) (0, 9] D) [0, 9] E) [−8, 8]

√
3
3x + 8 − 2
44. Find lim .
x→0 x

5 7 1 1 1
A) B) C) D) E)
12 12 12 2 4

45. ∗ The integers x and y satisfy the following system

 x
5 − log2 (y + 3) = 3y
5y − log2 (x + 3) = 3x

Find the value of x + y.

A) − 2 B) − 1 C) 0 D) 2 E) 3

46. ∗ Let f (x) be a real-valued function defined on (−∞, ∞) such that f (f (x)) = 2x − 1.
Find the value of f (0) + f (1).

A) 1 B) 2 C) 0 D) − 2 E) − 1

47. ∗ Find the number

√ of ordered pairs of real numbers (a, b) such that (a + bi)2016 = a − bi,
where i = −1.

A) 2014 B) 2015 C) 2016 D) 2017 E) 2018

√ √
48. In the triangle △ABC, AB = 2 13, AC = 73, E and D are the midpoints of AB
and AC, respectively. BD is perpendicular to CE. Find the length of BC.

7
 A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7

1 1
49. If 0 6 θ 6 π and x + = 2 cos θ, find the value of x3 + 3 .
x x
A) 2 cos θ B) 2 cos 3θ C) 3 cos 3θ D) 8 cos3 θ E) 3 cos3 θ

50. ∗ Find the number of triples (x, y, z) of rational numbers which are solutions of the
following system. 
 x+y+z = 0
xyz + z = 0
xy + yz + zx + y = 0


A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5