EDUC 101 Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching Cristine Mae T. Mompol Bsed Filipino 3A Theory of Developmental Stages

EDUC 101
Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching
Cristine Mae T. Mompol

BSED FILIPINO 3A
Theory of Developmental Stages
Sigmund Freud
Child development occurs in Freud’s psychosexual theory in a series of stages that focused on
different pleasure areas of the body. During each stage, the child encounters conflicts that play
significant role in the course of development. Consequently, to address each conflict, parents and
teachers must be there to monitor and assist the needs of their children or students. They should be
the one to support or guide the child’s difficulties to cross the challenges they have. They should
have enough knowledge on how to take good care of their children. Nonetheless, children who pass
thorough certain stages at certain points in their childhood and their personality is affected by how
they cope with each of these stages. It will influenced by how the child make decisions, and it offers
the development of child. Both parents and teachers can foster growth of the child in a positive way
and helps the children to become aware for what is wrong and right. Therefore, through their help,
in each stages, children meet their needs and a sense of accomplishment and maturity which makes
them ready for the future.
Erik Erikson
Erikson’s eight-stage theory of psychosocial development describes the growth and change
throughout life, focusing on social interaction and conflicts that arise during different stages
development. It focuses purely on how experience shapes who they are. His theory of human
development described the process from infancy through death. During each stage, people faced
with a developmental conflict that impacts later on functioning and further growth. These situation
concluded that parents and teachers must pay attention for the child’s development in each stage to
avoid fixation in the future. Parents and teachers play a powerful role in recognizing each stage.
Parents will be able to help their child to develop trust and a sense of confidence that the world is
safe and dependable and help their child to do things for themselves. On the other hand, teachers
will be able to help their child to process discovering and practicing their developing loco-motor
includes physical environment and language skills to gain a self-control without the loss of self-
esteem and fostering their independence. In connection, without them, it can affect the behavioral
child’s development, it may cause a trouble in their whole life psychologically. Thus, parents and
teachers are the primary mover in child’s development to achieve the holistic child s development.
Jean Piaget
Piaget proposed one of the most influential theories of cognitive development. It concerned with the
development of a person’s thought processes and looks at how these thought processes influence
how we understand and interact within the society. This theory challenged parents to help their
children realize the possible consequences. Positive parenting improves child’s cognitive, social and
problem-solving abilities as they grow older. The teachers challenged also to focus on the ways
children come to know as opposed to what they know. They are also the one who facilitate by
providing various experiences such as to discover learning which provides opportunity for the
children to explore, experiment and engage in activities that challenge and stimulate child’s
cognitive abilities. Parent and teacher’s guidance, the imparted knowledge and wisdom have a huge
impact on child’s intellectual abilities.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral
reasoning. It occurs in a series of six stages and that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and
maintaining justice. On this matter, parent and teachers also play a vital role on developing child’s
moral character through various ways. There different ways on how to help child’s moral
development. It includes creating a moral dilemmas, moral discussions, reinforce moral values,
support autonomy, promote a respectful environment, and promote moral reasoning and many
more. To sum it up, this theory is a gradual process, and children progress through stages at their
own pace. Both teachers and parents should be patient and supportive, providing guidance and
opportunities for moral growth as children becomes mature.
Lev Vygotsky
Vygotsky’s theory often known as Sociocultural Theory, contends that learning is fundamentally a
social process rather than a solitary quest for knowledge. It emphasizes the importance of social and
cultural influences on child development by actively engaging with children and supportive learning
environment, parents and teachers can effectively facilitate their growth and development. The
presence of someone who has better skills in the task includes the parents and teachers can offer a
support and guidance during the learning process of the child. In fact, they are commonly known as
MKO or More Knowledgeable Other to assist children during the learning process. Some effective
ways to help the child according to this theory includes scaffolding (adults provides appropriate
levels of support to accomplish task beyond their current abilities), Zone of Proximal Development
(which is the range of tasks a child cannot do alone but can do with help), social interaction, cultural
context and tools, peer interaction, modeling behavior and language development.
Bronfenbrenner
This theory defines complex layer of environment in which each layer have effect on a child’s
development. The interaction between factors in the child’s maturing biology, his/her immediate
family, community, environment, and social landscape fuels and steers his/her development.
Parents should maintain open, respectful communication with the child’s teachers and the teachers
can be aware of and sensitive to the ecosystems and microsystem that can affect child’s
development. Parents and teachers should build effective relationships from and surround the child
with a positive environment. To conclude, with immediate relationships and a positive environment,
it will allow the child to develop and succeed to his or her fullest potential possible.

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EDUC 101

Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching

Cristine Mae T. Mompol

Theory of Developmental Stages

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