Mure Ado Sng Paros Roda Bes be, Building Models of Molecule: Introduction ‘When atoms link together to form molecules, the atoms are held together by connections called chemical bonds. These bonds represent the electrons that “glue” the atoms together. ‘Various models can be used to represent molecules of different compounds. In the picture below is @ structural diagram of a molecule of water, H.O. A structural diagram is a drawing on paper. Each atom is represented by its chemical symbol and a straight line drawn between the symbols represents each bond, Chemicat L___| a Ke] How do we predict the structural formula of a compound? We do this by creating three- dimensional (3D) models of the molecules known as “ball-and-stick” models. Coloured plastic spheres can be used as models for various types of atoms. Plastic connectors represent bonds that hold atoms together. In chemistry, colour codes are used to represent different types of atoms making up the different elements: ‘Atom ‘Colour i [Carbon we ‘Oxygen. Nitrogen: < Chlorine cr ‘Bromine Br Sodium Na ‘The ball-and-stick model of water looks something like the diagram below: oN Colour in the spheres using the colour code chart above, ‘tom | Bonding Each atom is capable of forming a certain number of bonds. | —q——Caacity _ Bonding capacity is the number of bonds that an atom can u 4 form. The bonding capacities for afew selected elements are - indicated in the table below, ro 2 =aContinuing with water as our example: 1a} How many atoms are there in one molecule of water? 'b) How many bonds can oxygen form? How many bonds can hydrogen form? Notice how the bonding capacity of the elements, determines the structural diagram, the ball-and-stick model, and the chemical formula of a compoundil!! In this activity, you will build models of some common molecules, and see how bonds can link atoms together. Purpose ‘To build and visualize atoms and molecules Materials Molecular Model Kits made up atoms and connectors, Pencil crayons Procedure 1. Using the molecular model sets, construct the ball-and-stick model of each molecule, 2. Sketch the ball-and-stick model and draw the structural diagram of each molecule. Use the space provided in your handout to make your drawings. 3. Answer the analysis questions.‘Observations Compound Name | Chemical | Balland-Stick Model 2 | Formula | (use proper colour code) | 1 Hydrogen gas 7H ~4 a CH sCOOH,CO, ;CHu Coy HaO,,Calt.Cly and 1. Which ofthe molecules represent molegulesjof compounds? Teprestits moiectes at GumpaudS femre they are all combumitions of omeinebals compound S, hich o the moledues represent sholculce a lements rather than molecules of compounds? Why? What is another name for thexe types of alecules? 20s, game z Qrevent meleccies oF lamgits becoric Nar they jem He commun elemadts fegetteer Protler nase 1S PAIEF compeuelf, Se ae Descrif sing ou pwn words Prlyetouic ious, Holeates are telated Ae ators Decacse Hey ave typically @ Gubentirr of Clementsy Thay gattar a Ba oon 'vElls and. brie Hao 4e cieate 4 latger compourd of 9 nop «Elements acl rolecgley cue bad off of afemse + iw ly lth ie het 88 Caran ever SS 8) How many bonds does «chlorine atom form? 3) How many bonds does a carbon atom form? 6} Based on your answers for part at, predict he HRucTara diagram of CCl. ieee Qf c er . el Gl ws ‘9) Which atom can bond to more elements than any element? The atoms gimp 7 Con bead fo more elamedts than any otter, Bn cee alegre epee octet ne ‘anety of compounds it can make? Yes, because if all depends on He Cartel afr on hou ony buds Name the three different types of bonds you discovered in this lab, Give an example of & iF Cas molecule that is formed through each othe diferent type of bon ee Reuds that vere diseorvdel were ‘mole cole’ bonds Gea molecules of elements (NH), and micleculs of compauncls (H,cooH), 4a) Draw the structural diagram for C:H, (also known as acetylene) ) What is acetylene gas used for?, a b Tt 1s Yseck for ¥—CHc—4 cutting liavel mate cals. 2