10 Volcanic eruptions in the Phillipines

1.Taal volcano (January 12, 2020)

-Taal Volcano is a tiny volcano island in Batangas, CALABARZON (Region IV-A), about 50
kilometers south of the country's capital Manila. It is designated a Permanent Danger Zone,
making permanent habitation on the island unwise. However, there are 2.81 million people
within a 30-kilometer radius and 53,697 people (10,131 families) and CHF 129 million worth of
infrastructure within a 10-kilometer radius (AHA Centre).
With more than 30 recorded eruptions, Taal Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in
the Philippines. The Taal Volcano last erupted in early January 2020, affecting more than
736,000 people in CALABARZON (Region IV-A), Central Luzon (Region III), and the National
Capital Region (NCR), forcing more than 135,000 people to evacuate, causing damage to
infrastructure and livelihoods, and causing people to lose their homes.

2. Mt.pinatubo (June 15,1991)

-Mount Pinatubo is an active volcano found in the Zambales Mountains on the northern
island of Luzon and is part of the Luzon island arc chain at a complex intersection of micro-
plates between the Eurasian and Philippine plate.
A stratovolcano in the Philippines is called Pinatubo. It erupted on June 15, 1991, causing
the second-largest eruption of the 20th century. The eruption was classified as having a
plinian/ultra plinian eruption style and a VEI 6 eruption size due to the ash plume height
reaching more than 40 km (28 mi) in height and ejecting more than 10 km3 of magma.
Pumice and volcanic ash covered the landscape. Massive pyroclastic flows, sometimes known
as avalanches of searing hot ash, gas, and pumice fragments, rushed down Pinatubo's flanks,
filling once-deep valleys with new volcanic deposits up to 660 feet (200 meters) thick.
There is a possibility that a significant earthquake on July 16, 1990, with a center around 60
miles (100 km) northeast of Pinatubo, served as the catalyst for the massive eruption of that
volcano in June 1991.

3.Mayon Volcano (January ,2018)

- 300 kilometers southeast of Manila, in the province of Albay, the Mayon Volcano is still
under alert level 4 (dangerous eruption imminent). According to the Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology, the volcano is displaying significant levels of ongoing unrest, with
regular ash explosions and lava fountains happening many times per day. Several roads in Albay
became unusable on January 28 due to a daylong downpour that generated sediment-filled
streamflows in the conduits draining the volcano edifice.
According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development, more than 84,000
people had left nine Albay towns that are close to Mount Mayon as of January 30. They are
currently being temporarily housed in 76 evacuation centers or are being hosted by family and
friends. In the 8 km risk zone, more than 49,000 students from 49 schools are also impacted.
Damage to the rice, corn, and abaca crops totaled more than Php189 million (US$3.8 million),
which was sustained by over 10,000 farmers.
4.Mount Bulusan (june 8-14 2022)
- According to PHIVOLCS, the 9th of June saw an increase in seismic activity in Bulusan that
started at 0500 and was marked by a total of 45 volcanic earthquakes, including two low-
frequency ones. The majority of the occurrences were shallow and of low magnitude. A
phreatic eruption was discovered on June 12 at 03:37.
 Several portions of Sorsogon Province were covered in ash after Bulusan’s phreatic or steam-
driven eruption with steam-rich gray plumes rising about a kilometer and dispersed wet ash to
the west side. According to the Sorsogon Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Office, six municipalities were affected by Bulusan’s sudden eruption, this includes the
municipalities of Irosin, Juban, Bulusan, Barcelona, Casiguran, and Gubat with more than
230,000 residents. \
Bulusan Volcano's eruption has so far affected 2,683.40 hectares of agricultural land, resulting
in production loss and damages amounting to PHP20. 2 million, the Office of Civil Defense-Bicol
(OCD-5)
5. Mount Canlaon-Negros Islands (Aug. 10,1996)
- Three hikers died on August 10, 1996 at 14:31 by an ash ejection at Canlaon (also known as
Kanlaon), which also released a dirty-white steam and ash plume. The primary crater of the
volcano's top was 1,500 meters above the plume's height. Seismic recordings indicate that the
ash ejection lasted for around 24 minutes.
Negros' central island's highest point, the stratovolcano Canlaon, is located 510 kilometers east
of Manila. There have been 14 historical eruptions recorded since 1866; these eruptions were
mainly minor to moderate phreatic explosions. A little phreatic explosion on August 25, 1993,
was the final activity to be recorded. There were significant steam-and-ash emissions, followed
by smaller steam emissions; fall was observed as far west as 65 km. On September 3, 1993,
there was a second phreatic explosion, which resulted in a 1,000 m-high column of grayish
steam and ash. A rise in seismicity was seen in conjunction with both incidents (Bulletin, vol. 18,
no. 8).

6.Parker Volcano (November 27,1994)

- Parker volcano, also known locally as Falen, is a low, vegetated stratovolcano overlooking
Sarangani Bay near the southern tip of Mindanao Island.
After a M 7.5 earthquake (according to the US Geological Survey NEIC) occurred close to the
volcano on March 6 at 05:16, PHIVOLCS officials allayed fears that Parker would erupt. The
hollow wall of the volcano reportedly cracked due to seismic, allowing a section of it to collapse
into Lake Maughan on top of the volcano. Additionally, according to articles, 33 residents were
evacuated from the river banks below Lake Maughan because of concerns that more of the lake
might overflow and tons of water that were released from the lake washed away dwellings. To
determine the lake's water level, government organizations intend to undertake an aerial
assessment.

7.Mayon volcano (December 13,2006)

- The Mayon Volcano, also known as Mount Mayon, is an active volcano in the province of
Albay, on Luzon island in the Philippines.
As of December 13th, according to official government information releases, mudslides and
severe rains, notably in Mayon, claimed the lives of 720 people, injured 2,360 others, and were
unaccounted for by 762 more. Moreover, 214,400 homes were completely destroyed, while
328,218 others suffered minor damage. Strong rainfall which accompanied Typhoon Durian
produced lahars from the volcanic ash and boulders of the last eruption killing at least 1,266
people.
8. Mount Bulusan-Legazpi (May 25,2006)
-A phreatic ash explosion was recorded by the seismograph network at Bulusan between
2117 and 2130 on 25 May 2006. Light ashfall ranging from trace amounts to deposits 2 mm
thick was reported from the W and SW villages of Bacolod, Sankayon, Puting Sapa, Rangas,
Mapili, Caladgao, and Buraburan in the municipality of Juban, and Bolos in the municipality of
Irosin, province of Sorsogon. PHIVOLCS reported that the ash explosion was more-or-less
typical of activity at Bulusan during its current eruptive phase, and they expect more explosions
to occur. Bulusan was at Alert Level 1, with a Permanent Danger Zone of 4 kilometers around
the summit. The PHIVOLCS volcano alert signals range from Alert Level 1 (low-level unrest, no
eruption imminent) through Alert Level 5 (hazardous explosive eruption in progress).
9.Mount Mayon (September 23,1984)
- A powerful explosion that occurred at 4:33 on September 23 blasted huge, ash-filled steam
clouds that rose to a height of 10 km. Red-hot tephra covered the summit area to an elevation
of around 1,500 m as incandescent tephra ascended 2 km above the top and spread out in all
directions.
10.Mount Pinatubo (August 4,1992)
- In July 1992, VOLCANIC ACTIVITY WAS RECOMMENCED. Tropical rainstorms, ash from the
June 1991 eruptions, and lahars (mudslides) nearly 1.6 meters high have washed out bridges
and roads in the northern provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales since July 9, 1992. On
August 4, 1992, Mount Pinatubo violently erupted, spouting mud and hot pebbles onto Angeles
City (200 kilometers from Manila) and four towns in Pampanga and Tarlac.
Estimates put the number of affected families at 4,140, or roughly 19,617 people,
aggravating the difficult situation at the roughly 140 evacuation centers, where about 30,000
people are still waiting to be relocated after the 1991 eruptions. Further 2,000 village residents
who lived within 15 kilometers of the volcano left their homes in August after government
warnings and sought refuge in government evacuation centers.
 5 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN THE WORLD

1. Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption(December-January 15 2022)South pacific

- An eruption started on the undersea volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haapai in December 2021.
It is located in the Tongan archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean. On January 15, 2022,
approximately four weeks after the eruption's initial start, it reached its largest and most
intense peak. Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haapai is a volcanic island that is a part of the extremely
active Tonga-Kermadec Islands volcanic arc, a subduction zone that stretches from New Zealand
to Fiji, and is located 65 kilometers (40 miles) north of Tongatapu, the nation's largest island[8].
The eruption received a minimum VEI-5 rating on the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale.
2. Fagradalsfjall (Aug 4,2022) Iceland
-With the strongest tremors measuring above 5.0 on the Richer scale.No significant injuries or
property damage were reported.

3.Kavachi Volcano-Southwest pacific Ocean(April 6,2007

-An eruption of Kavachi volcano was triggered by a magnitude 8.1 earthquake on 2nd April
2007. Observations from Biche Village on the South coast of Gatokae Island reported an
eruption column. On 6th April 2007 there was upwelling over the vent and water
discolouration.

4. Mauna Loa in Hawaii-Pacific Ocean(November 27,202)

-The eruption began in Mokuʻāweoweo, the summit caldera of Mauna Loa, around 11:30 p.m.
HST on Sunday November 27, 2022. After several hours, new fissures opened some distance
away from the summit along the Northeast Rift Zone. Soonafter, the summit fissures stopped
erupting. By Friday, December 2, the eruption was limited to fissure 3 along the Northwest Rift
Zone. Fissure 3, the only active fissure, was producing between 50 and 100 cubic yards of lava
per second, flowing down slope and out of the park to the north towards Daniel K. Inoye State
Highway 200 (Saddle Road).

On December 13, 2022 the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory determined that "Mauna Loa is no
longer erupting." Adding, "Lava supply to the fissure 3 vent on the Northeast Rift Zone ceased
on December 10 and sulfur dioxide emissions have decreased to near pre-eruption background
levels."
5.Fuego Volcano (December 11,2022)Guelamala
-as seen from alotenango ,a municipality in the sacalapequez department 65 kilometers
southwest of Guelamala City
Resulting in a tall cloud of ash above the mountain ,as lava being flung over 1,600 feet above
the crater.