Evaluation Nº1 Maintenance.

Static Equipment
2021
Student Identification

First and Last name: Jose Araneda Martinez

Date: Thursday 27 May 2021 Section: Jornada:

Teacher: Marcelo Quiroz Neira Duration in minutes: 90 (min.)

Maximum score: 100 points Score Obtained: Note:

General Instructions
Please complete all requested information in clear handwriting.
Read each question until you understand what is being asked.
Use only pencil paste. (black or blue). In case of mistake, you can use corrector.
The use of cell phones is not allowed during the race.

DEVELOPMENT SELECTION
Develop the correct answer to the following questions.
Scoring per correct answer: According to each question.

Date of deliverable Friday, May 28, 2021 16:00 hours, in pdf format.

Section Nº1 true/false, alternatives (1.5 pts.) Each question)

o For each question below, answer one and only one alternative with respect to
the one requested.
o If the question is a true/false question, argue your answer.

1. The nameplate must be paint-free, clean and legible.

a. True pto
b. False

the answer is (a) true since the nameplate contains very relevant data when inspecting
equipment in the field, such as date of manufacture, purchase order number and
operating pressure.

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2. If the vessel is insulated, part of the insulation must be removed in order to complete a
visual inspection.

a. True pto to perform corrosion inspection under CUI insulation.

b. False

3. What number of missing bolts is acceptable?

a. Half (bulging hot)

b. One in three

c. None pto

d. One

4. According to API 510, to what extent should the stud (bolt) holes be larger than the outside
diameter of the bolts?

a. 1/16"

b. 1/8" pto

c. 1/4"

d. None of the above

5. What is the cause of the leaks?

a. Loose fasteners

b. Need for gasket replacement

c. Damaged gasket surface

d. All of the above pto

6. How many threads should the studs (bolts) protrude from the nut?

a. One

b. Three pts as explained in class

c. Four

d. Two pto

7. The existence of concave areas may be the result of _____________________ that imposed
stresses to the vessel structure.

a. Excessive internal pressure

b. Internal vacuum pto

c. Lightning strike

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 d. None of the above

8. What should the proper grounding of the PCEs be connected to?

a. To any part of the same container

b. Grounding is not required.

c. To a proper connection of the grounding network. pto

9. The reduction of the maximum allowable working pressure or temperature rating of a

vessel or both below design conditions is:

A. an impermissible way of providing corrosion.

B. the preferred way to provide corrosion.

C. the only way to keep a vessel in service when it is corroded.

D. a permissible way to prevent corrosion. pto

10. Safety precautions are important in the inspection of pressure vessels due to the limited

access and confined spaces of pressure vessels. Of the organizations listed, which is the

primary one to review and follow?

A. ASME and API

B. OSHA pto occupational safety and health standard

C. NFPA

D. NBIC

11. __________ may occur if the equipment is subjected to temperatures higher than those

for which it was designed.

A. Creep pto

B. Fragility fracture

C. Stress corrosion

D. Erosion

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12. If a probable corrosion rate cannot be determined from review of data from the same or

similar service vessels or from estimated published data, ongoing determinations shall be

made after approximately __________________________________________________ hours of

service using NDE methods and a corrosion rate will be established.

A. 500

B. 1000 pto

C. 5000

D. 10000

13. The maximum allowable working pressure for the continued use of a pressure vessel shall

be based on calculations determined by using:

A. latest edition of the National Boiler Inspection Code or the building code to which the

vessel was built.

B. latest edition of the ASME Code or the building code for which the vessel was built. pto

C. latest edition of the API / ASME Code or the building code for which the vessel was built.

D. latest edition of the building code according to which the vessel was built.

14. Of the many inspection methods, _____________________ is considered the method of

inspection, the most important and most universally accepted.

A. radiographic examination

B. careful visual inspection pto

C. ultrasonic thickness measurement

D. hammer test

15. Which API standard provides the most information on the inspection of piping, valves and

fittings associated with pressure vessels?

A. API 576 Recommended Practice.

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B. API 575 Recommended Practice.

C. API 574 Recommended Practice. pto

d. API 573 Recommended Practice.

16. The limits of wall thickness loss that can be tolerated should be based on:

A. Fatigue resistance.

B. Thickness of withdrawal of the container. pto

C. Deterioration rate.

D. Both B and C

17. A pressure vessel has been in service for 12 years and has shown a history of corrosion

during its service life. The original thickness was 1.9375" and the current thickness is 1.405".

What is the corrosion rate of this vessel?

A. 0.266250 inches / year

B. 0.532500 inches / year (1.9375"- 1.405") / 12 years=0.044375 inches / years

C. 0.088750 inches / year

D. 0.044375 inches / year pto

18. Which of the following NDT methods would be used to assist an inspector in locating

hydrogen vials?

A. Thermal image

B. A flashlight

C. Magnetic particle testing

D. X-ray pto

19. Determining the physical condition of a pressure vessel and determining the type, rate

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and causes of deterioration are the basic reasons why they are performed?

A. Metallurgical analysis

B. ECM Examinations

C. Inspections pto

D. Impact test

20. Which of the following is not a code or standard used for the design and construction of

heat exchangers and condensers in the United States?

A. SUBJECT

B. ASME Code

C. API Standard 660

D. BOCA pto

21. When performing an inspection, the two most important factors in determining the limits

of corrosion and any other deterioration that can be tolerated are?

A. The withdrawal thickness of the part under consideration and the rate of deterioration.

B. Modulus of elasticity and hoop stress.

C. The amount of ECM originally performed and the type of discontinuities encountered. pto

D. The type of welding process used in the original construction and the name of the

manufacturer.

22. When settlement of foundations and/or pressure vessel supports is encountered, and

routine monitoring is being conducted, at what point should settlement measurements be

discontinued?

A. When sufficient information has been obtained to reliably predict the amount of settlement

that will occur.

B. When sufficient information has been obtained to calculate the amount of liquidation that

will take place during the useful life of the vessel.

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C. When the information obtained reveals that uniform settlement is occurring.

D. Measures should be taken until the settlement stops. pto

23. If vibration is noticed in auxiliary equipment associated with a pressure vessel and

supports cannot be added to reduce the vibration, what should be done?

A. The inspector should consult with operations personnel to determine if auxiliary equipment

can be removed. pto

B. Auxiliary equipment should be placed on a preventive maintenance program to monitor

fatigue cracking.

C. A qualified engineer should perform the calculation to ensure that vibrations do not cause

fatigue cracks.

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D. Ancillary equipment should be radiographed routinely to ensure that fatigue cracks do not

occur.

24. If a pressure vessel has historical records of past inspections, there is little or no

corrosion evident, and the vessel has operated under normal conditions, what is the least

amount of thickness measurements that should be taken?

A Measurements taken in each quadrant of each shell and head ring.

B. One measurement on each shell ring and one measurement on each head.

C. In each quadrant of each head and at least one measurement in each shell ring.

D. In each quadrant of each bottom ring and at least one measurement at the top.

25. A reclassification of a pressure vessel will not be considered complete until?

A. The pressure vessel engineer certifies that all inspections and examinations have been

performed in accordance with API 510.

B. The pressure vessel inspector supervises the affixing of an additional nameplate or

additional stamping.

C. The Pressure Vessel Inspector certifies that all inspections and examinations have been

performed in accordance with API 510.

D. The examiner completes all required NDE exams.

26. A pressure vessel was placed in service in 1989 and was constructed with a design

thickness of 0.750". In 2001, the wall thickness was measured at 0.630". Based on this

information and a minimum thickness of 0.550", when should the next internal inspection of

this pressure vessel be performed?

A. 4 years by calculation gives 8 years, but for the sake of

accuracy, I choose the letter A.

B. 2 years

C. 8 years pto
D. 10 years

E. None of the above

27. How many years is an API certificate valid for a licensed pressure vessel inspector?

A. 2 years from issuance.

B. 3 years from issuance. pto

C. 4 years from issuance.

D. 5 years from issuance.

28. If a short-term corrosion rate reflects a corrosive environment of .001" per year that

currently exists and the long-term corrosion rate is .009" per year, the corrosion rate used to

calculate the The inspection interval should be:

A. the long term pto

B. the short term

C. both terms

D. as defined by the Inspector for the process

29. The period between on stream inspections should not exceed one-half of the estimated

remaining life of the vessel based on the corrosion rate or the corrosion rate of the vessel.

years, which

is lower.

A. 10 pto

b. 15

C. 5

D. 12

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30. A pressure vessel has a stated corrosion rate of 0.012" per year. The vessel was last

inspected in 2001 and had a measured wall thickness of 0.375". The minimum thickness

required for this vessel based on the calculation made in accordance with the original building

code is 0.265". Using this information, which

is the remaining service life of this pressure vessel?

FORMULA
A. 9 years
pto residual life (t actual-t required) /corrosion rate
t current 0,375
B. 5 years t required 0,265

C. 15 years corrosion rate 0,012

calculation 9,166666667
D. 7 years according to the calculation, the
reply
remaining life of this container is 9 years.

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Section Nº2 exercises

1. ( 7 pts) Determine the nominal thickness of the vessel's plate according to the
following requirements.
o Material A-179
o Internal design pressure 1.2 Mpa = 1740.45 (psi)
o Design temperature : 150 ºC = 302 ºF
o Inner diameter 500 mm

Ø NPS 19,68 In item solution unit of measure

R 9,84 In
material A 179 MAWP (maximum
Working 302 F° allowable working 1740,450 psi
temperature
P 1740,45 psi pressure)1
S 13.500 psi
MAWP (maximum
E 1
allowable working 1527,071 psi
W 1 pressure)2
Y 0,4
t required 1 1,206382844 In(thousandth)
t required 2 1,374951769 In(thousandth)
pto

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 item Formula
corrosion rate ST (t previous-current t) /years
corrosion rate LT (t initial-t current) /years
residual life (t actual-required)/corrosion rate
MAWP (S*E*t) /(R+0.6*t)
t required (1) (P*D) /(2*(S*E*W+P*Y))
t required (2) (P*R) /(S*E*W-0.6*P)

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2. (8 pts.) Determine the nominal thickness of the vessel made by means of a pipe.
according to the following requirements.
o Material SA 106 Gr. B
o Internal design pressure 1.2 Mpa = 1740.45 (psi)
o Design temperature : 150 ºC = 302ºF
o NPS 20.

item solution unit of measure

unit of
Data t required 1 0,840952292 In(thousandth)
measure
t required 2 0,918165642 In(thousandth)
Ø NPS 20 In
R 10 In
A-106-Gr
material B
Working
temperature 302 F°
P 1740,45 psi
S 20.000 psi
E 1
W 1
Y 0,4

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 item Formula
corrosion rate ST (t previous-current t) /years
corrosion rate LT (t initial-t current) /years
residual life (t actual-t required) /corrosion rate
MAWP (S*E*t) /(R+0.6*t)
t required (1) (P*D) /(2*(S*E*W+P*Y))
t required (2) (P*R) /(S*E*W-0.6*P)

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3. (10 pts.) A pressure vessel is made of an 18" NPS pipe, operates at
275 psi and 200 ºF. The pipe material is seamless ASTM A-53 grade B. When installed in
1990, the pipe thickness was 0.230". During an inspection in 2000, the thickness of the
pipe measured 0.20". In 2006, the thickness was measured and found to be 0.15". What is
the remaining life of the system?
What is the MAWP when the second thickness measurement was performed. What
recommendations would you make regarding whether the vessel remains in operation?

unit of unit of
Data item solution
measure measure
1990 t initial 0,23 In In(thousandt
corrosion rate ST 0,00833
t previous In h)
2000 t previous 0,2 In In(thousandt
corrosion rate LT 0,00500
2006 t current 0,15 In h)
Ø NPS 18 In residual life 5,39 years
R 9 In
MAWP (maximum
ASTM A-53 gr B allowable working 271,270 psi
material
Working pressure)1
200 F°
temperature
P 275 psi
S 20.000 psi MAWP (Maximum
E 1 allowable working 275,000 psi
W 1 pressure)2
Y 0,4
years ST 6 years t required 1 0,12307 In(thousandt
h)
years LT 16 years t required 2 0,12478 In(thousandt
h)
item Formula
corrosion rate ST (t previous-current t) /years
corrosion rate LT (t initial-t current) /years
residual life (t actual-t required) /corrosion rate
MAWP (S*E*t) /(R+0.6*t)
t required (1) (P*D) /(2*(S*E*W+P*Y))
t required (2) (P*R) /(S*E*W-0.6*P)

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4. (30 pts.) A 24" (NPS) thermally insulated pressure vessel, when installed in 2008 had a t
(original) thickness of 0.475", then in the fifth year of operation a second UT check was
performed and gave a t = 0.450", then in the tenth year of installation it gave a t = 0.400".A
second UT check was performed on the fifth year of operation and resulted in a t-value of
0.450", then in the tenth year of installation it gave a t-value of 0.400". As background we can
cite that there has been an increase in flow velocity from 2013 onwards. The minimum design
thickness (Barlow) is 0.30" and the minimum structural thickness is 0.25" . Design Pressure =
50 (psi), Design Temperature = 200 ºF, vessel is rated Class 2.
We are asked to determine:
a.- Short and long term corrosion rate.
b.- Average remaining life
c.- Current MAWP
d.- Compare current MAWP with original MAWP
e.- Is it safe to work with the fluid at the design pressure, explain why?
f.- Inspection intervals
c.- Is it necessary to remove (in percentage) thermal insulation for inspection after the
results of the inspections?

unit of item solution unit of measure

Data
measure corrosion rate ST 0,01000 In(thousandth)
2008 t initial 0,475 In corrosion rate LT 0,00750 In(thousandth)
t previous In residual life 13,33 years
2013 t previous 0,45 In MAWP (maximum
2018 t current 0,4 In allowable working 492,611 psi
Ø NPS 24 In pressure) original
R 12 In
material A-106-Gr B Current MAWP
(maximum allowable 411,523 psi
No. of work 200 F° working pressure)
P 50 psi t required 1 0,3 In(thousandth)
S 20.000 psi t required 2 0,25 In(thousandth)
E 1
W 1
Y 0,4 minimum design thickness 0,3
years ST 5 years minimum structural thickness 0,25
years LT 10 years

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 item Formula
corrosion rate ST (t previous-current t) /years
corrosion rate LT (t initial-t current) /years
residual life (t actual-t required) /corrosion rate
MAWP (S*E*t) /(R+0.6*t)
t required (1) (P*D) /(2*(S*E*W+P*Y))
t required (2) (P*R) /(S*E*W-0.6*P)

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 a.- Short and long term corrosion rate.
Short-term corrosion rate. 0.01000" Long-
term corrosion rate. 0.00750" b.- Average
remaining life 13.33 years/2= 6 c.- Current.7
MAWP = 411.523 psi years
d.- Comparecurrent MAWPwith original MAWP
Current MAWP= 411,523 psi
Original MAWP= 492,611 psi

e.- Is it safe to work with the fluid at the design pressure, explain why, according to the
calculations?
no, because the design pressure is higher than the actual pressure, which makes it unsafe to
work at that pressure.
f.- Inspection intervals
6.7 years is the next inspection 2024
c.- Thermal insulation needs to be removed (in percentage) for inspection after the results of
the inspections.
According to this inspection and the standard, insulation removal is not required.

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