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    PST UnitV Notes SilasStephen

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    pec library
    The document discusses load rejection and line dropping in power systems. It explains that sudden load rejection can cause overspeeding of generators and increase in voltage until checked by governors and exciters. It provides a formula to approximate the voltage rise during load rejection. It also describes that line dropping occurs when a transmission line is energized and the voltage wave travels down the line, potentially doubling at the remote end if open or through a transformer's magnetizing impedance if connected.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PST UnitV Notes SilasStephen

    Uploaded by

    pec library
    13 views16 pages
    The document discusses load rejection and line dropping in power systems. It explains that sudden load rejection can cause overspeeding of generators and increase in voltage until checked by governors and exciters. It provides a formula to approximate the voltage rise during load rejection. It also describes that line dropping occurs when a transmission line is energized and the voltage wave travels down the line, potentially doubling at the remote end if open or through a transformer's magnetizing impedance if connected.

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    PST-UnitV-Notes-SilasStephen

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    The document discusses load rejection and line dropping in power systems. It explains that sudden load rejection can cause overspeeding of generators and increase in voltage until checked by governors and exciters. It provides a formula to approximate the voltage rise during load rejection. It also describes that line dropping occurs when a transmission line is energized and the voltage wave travels down the line, potentially doubling at the remote end if open or through a transformer's magnetizing impedance if connected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views16 pages

    PST UnitV Notes SilasStephen

    Uploaded by

    pec library
    The document discusses load rejection and line dropping in power systems. It explains that sudden load rejection can cause overspeeding of generators and increase in voltage until checked by governors and exciters. It provides a formula to approximate the voltage rise during load rejection. It also describes that line dropping occurs when a transmission line is energized and the voltage wave travels down the line, potentially doubling at the remote end if open or through a transformer's magnetizing impedance if connected.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Panimalar Engineering College, Department of EEE

    a r
    al
    m
    ni
    Pa

    Dr. D. Silas Stephen, Professor


    Load Rejection:

     When the line is connected to a major load on a generating station, sudden load rejection
    will result in over speeding of the machines and rise in voltage until such times as this can
    be checked by the governors and exciters.
     The amplitude of the over voltage can be evaluated approximately as specified.
    V = E Xc / Xc - Xs
    Where, E is the voltage behind the transient reactance, which is assumed to be
    constant over the sub transient period and its value before the incident,
    Xs is the transient reactance of the generator in series with the transformer reactance,
    and Xc the equivalent capacitive input reactance of the system.

    Sudden load rejection:


     The power frequency over voltages occur in a large power systems. EHV systems of
    400KV and above. The main causes for power frequency and its harmonic over voltages
    are;
    a) Sudden load rejection
    b) Disconnection of inductive loads (or) connection of capacitive loads.
    c) Ferranti effect
    d) Saturation in transformers
     Sudden load rejection on large power systems causes the speeding up of generator prime
    movers. Initially both the frequency and voltage increases.

    The approximate voltage rise, neglecting losses etc may be taken as

    Where, XS- Reactance of the generator


    XC - Capacitive reactance of line at open
    E-Voltage generated before over speeding and load rejection
    fo -Instantaneous increased frequency
    f - Normal frequency
    The voltange at the sending end is affected by line length short circuit MVA at sending end
    bus and reactive power generator of the line.shunt reactors may reduce the voltage to 1.2 to
    1.4 p.u.
    Line dropping:

     If a source is stiff, a high percentage of the source voltage is impressed across the line at
    the time breaker closes to energies a transmission line. If the line is open at the far end ,or
    terminated in load such as an unloaded transformer, the voltage wave will double at the
    remote end.
     Sometimes a line switched with the transformer at the remote end still connected. the line
    has a path through the magnetizing impedance of the transformer, by which it can
    discharge. However, as long as the transformer core is unsaturated, this represents a high
    impedance and the discharge is very slow. But the transformer core runs in to saturation
    the impedance drops abruptly and the discharge is very rapid. Once again, as the core
    comes out of saturation, the voltage will level out.
     During the restrike, the voltage across the switch will be divided in to the source side and
    to the line based on their respective surge impedance. The wave level up and down the
    line corresponding to the oscillatory of the bank in thecase of lumped capacitance.
     Sometimes a line is switched with transformer at line end, In this case, the trapped charge
    dissipate through the magnetizing impedance of the transformer. Until saturation of
    transformer core, transformer offers high impedance and the discharge is slow. But the
    impedance drops abruptly when the core runs in to saturation.

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