CM2-GTX100-2001

Advanced Transmitter
Electronic Differential Pressure/
Pressure Transmitter
Model GTX_ _ _

User's Manual
 NOTICE
While the information in this manual is presented in good faith and
believed to be accurate, Azbil Corporation disclaims any implied
warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose and
makes no express warranty except as may be stated in its written
agreement with and for its customer.
In no event shall Azbil Corporation be liable to anyone for any indirect,
special or consequential damages. This information and specifications
in this document are subject to change without notice.

This product has been designed, developed, and manufactured for

general-purpose and explosion-proof applications in machinery and
equipment. Never use this product in applications where human
life may be put at risk, or in radiation-controlled areas for nuclear
applications.
Especially when this product is used in applications where safety
is critical, such as safety devices for plant worker protection, direct
control of transportation equipment, or aeronautical or aerospace
equipment, special care should be taken to implement a fail-safe and
redundant design concept as well as a periodic maintenance program.
For details on system design, application design, instructions on use,
suitable applications, etc., contact the azbil Group. In no event is Azbil
Corporation liable to anyone for any indirect, special, or consequential
damages as a result of using this product.
HART® is a registered trademark of the FieldComm Group.
Warranty
The conditions for warranty of this product are shown below.
Within the warranty period, if the product has some defect for which
Azbil Corporation is responsible, the company will repair the product
or provide a replacement.

1. Warranty period
The warranty period is one (1) year from the date of delivery of the
product to the location specified by the customer.
However, if the product is repaired for a fee, the warranty period is
3 months from the date of delivery of the repaired product.

2. Exemptions
The following cases are exempted from the warranty.
(1) A problem caused by incorrect handling, modification, or
repair made by any person other than Azbil Corporation or a
subcontractor commissioned by the company.
(2) A problem caused by handling, use, or storage that exceeds the
operating conditions stated in the user's manual, specifications
sheet, or delivery specification sheet.
(3) A problem caused by corrosion of wetted surfaces.
(4) Other problems for which Azbil Corporation is not
responsible.

3. Other
(1) In the case of a warranty contract with Azbil Corporation other
than this warranty, the contract has priority over this warranty.
(2) Whether product repair is free of charge depends on the results
of inspection by Azbil Corporation.

© 2008-2023 Azbil Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Safety

Instructions

Preface
Correct installation and periodic maintenance are essential to the safe use of your
differential pressure transmitters.
Read the safety instructions provided in this manual carefully and understand them fully
before starting installation, operation, and maintenance work.

Inspection
On delivery, make sure that the specifications are correct and check for any damage
that may have occurred during transportation. This equipment was tested under a
strict quality control program before shipment. If you find any problem in the quality
specifications, please contact an Azbil Corp. representative immediately, providing the
model name and serial number.
The name plate is mounted on the neck of the enclosure.

Precautions
The following symbols are used in this manual to ensure user safety.

WARNING
This symbol is used to warn of hazards where failure to observe a safety instruction may
result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION
This symbol is used to warn of hazards where failure to observe a safety instruction may
result in injury or physical damage.

To ensure safe operation, be sure to observe the safety instructions provided on the next
page.
Azbil Corporation will assume no responsibility, or offer any guarantee for any failure
resulting from violation of these safety instructions.

i
Handling Precautions for This Product

Installation Precautions

WARNING
• Some models of the transmitter have a mass of 10 kg or more because of differences in
specifications. For your safety when transporting or installing the transmitter, use a dolly
or two or more people. Carelessly lifting the transmitter and accidentally dropping it can
cause injury or damage.
• When installing the transmitter, ensure that gaskets do not protrude from connecting
points into the process (such as adapter flange connection points and connecting
pipes and flanges). Failure to do so may cause a leak of process fluid, resulting in harm
from burns, etc. In addition, if the process fluid contains toxic substances, take safety
measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent contact with the skin and eyes
and to prevent inhalation.
• Use the transmitter within the operating ranges stated in the specifications (for
explosion-proofing, pressure rating, temperature, humidity, voltage, vibration, shock,
mounting direction, atmosphere, etc.). Using the transmitter outside the operating
conditions may cause device failure or fire, resulting in a harmful physical risk of burning
or the like.
• To ensure safety, installation and connection work should be carried out only by
technicians skilled in instrumentation and electrical work. In areas where there is an
explosion hazard., installation and wiring must conform to guidelines for explosion-
proof electrical installations in general industrial use.

CAUTION
• When using the U-bolt to fix the optional bracket to a 2” pipe, note that the U bolt may
be damaged if tightened with excessive force.
• After installation, do not use the transmitter as a foothold or put your weight on it.
Doing so may cause damage.
• Be careful not to hit the glass indicator with tools etc. This could break the glass and
cause injury.
• Carefully follow the instructions for grounding given in the user's manual. Improper
grounding may affect output or violate explosion-proof guidelines.
• Impact to transmitter can damage sensor module.

ii
Wiring Precautions

WARNING
To avoid shocks, do not perform electrical wiring work with wet hands or with live wires.

CAUTION
• Do wiring work properly in conformance with the specifications. Wiring mistakes may
result in malfunction or irreparable damage to the instrument.
• Use a power supply that conforms to the specifications. Use of an improper power
supply may result in malfunction or irreparable damage to the instrument.
• Use a power supply with overcurrent protection for this instrument.

Maintenance Precautions

WARNING
• Before removing this product from the process equipment for purposes of maintenance,
vent the residual pressure and discharge the residual fluid. When discharging the
residual pressure and fluid, check the direction of the vent or drain to prevent injury by
the process fluid. Failure to do so may result in burns or other injuries. If the process fluid
contains toxic substances, take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to
prevent contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation.
• When the device is being used in an explosion-proof area, do not open the cover.
Opening the cover may cause an explosion.
• If a sealing gasket is broken, replace it with a new one. If the device runs with a broken
sealing gasket, since the degree of sealing is not sufficient, the process fluid may spurt
out, resulting in burns or other injuries.

iii
 CAUTION
• Do not disassemble or modify this device. Doing so may result in device failure or
electric shock. Explosion-proof equipment cannot be inspected or disassembled in areas
where there is an explosion hazard. In addition, the use of modified explosion-proof
equipment is prohibited.
• If this device is used with a high-temperature fluid, be careful not to touch the device
accidentally. Since this product can become extremely hot, contact with it may result in
burns.
• If this device is no longer needed, dispose of it appropriately as industrial waste, in
accordance with local regulations. Do not reuse all or a part of the device.

Precautions for Using Communication Devices

CAUTION
When using a communication device such as a transceiver, cell phone, PHS phone, or
pager near this device, observe the precautions below. Otherwise, depending on the
transmission frequency, this device may not function properly.
• Determine beforehand the minimum distance at which the communication device
will not affect the operation of this device, and maintain a separation greater than that
distance.
• Make sure the cover of its transmitter section of this device is closed before using the
communication device.

Precautions for Communication

CAUTION
If transmitter output is reduced to 3.2 mA or less because of burnout, etc., communication
with a HART communicator may not be possible. Try turning off the power, rebooting, and
restarting communication.

Cautions to Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (for Environmental Protection)

This is an industrial product subject to the WEEE Directive.
Do not dispose of electrical and electronic equipment in the same way as
household waste.
Old products contain valuable raw materials and must be returned to an
authorized collection point for correct disposal or recycling.

iv
 Safety Manual
Safety Manual Warning
Warning
If the Transmitter”
If the Q1, “Safety Q1, “Safety Transmitter” option
option is selected, is selected,
before beforeisthe
the transmitter transmitter
used in a is used in a safety
instrumented system, be sure to follow the instructions
safety instrumented system, be sure to follow the instructions below.below.

1. Application
This document is applicable for safety requirements that conform to the IEC 61508: 2010 international

standard.

2.Model of safety transmitter

Q1 in options code is necessary to select the certified safety transmitter.
The model code configuration of Model GTX consists of the following four sections, separated by a hyphen
mark.
Regular shape transmitters (Type selection [X] = D, G, or A)
GTX xx[X] (Type Selections) -xxxxxxx (Specific Selections) – xxxxxxx (Common Selections) - (Options) Q1
(Options)
Flange mounted transmitters (Type selection [X] = F or W)
GTX xx[X] (Type Selections) -xxxxxxxxxxxx (Specific Selections) -xxxxxxx (Common Selections) - (Options)
Q1 (Options)
Remote diaphragm sealed transmitters (Type selection [X]= R, U, or S)
GTX xx[X] (Type Selections) - xxxxxxxxxx (Specific Selections) - xxxxxxx (Common Selections) - (Options) Q1
(Options)
1. Type Selection (3 digits)
2. Specific Selection (7digits, 12 digits, or 10 digits, depending on the shape of transmitter)
3. Common Selection (7 digits)
4. Options (Sum of all chosen option codes which are 2 digits each)

3. Safety function specifications

Item Specification
Mode of operation Low demand mode
Safety integrity level SIL 2 (HFT 0), SIL 3 (HFT 1)
Device Type Type B

3.1 Output related to safety

The safety-related output from the transmitter is a 4–20 mA analog output signal. For all functions related to
safety requirements, the output is an analog signal. Contact output or a digital output signal cannot be used in
a safety instrumented system.

3.2 Output when the state is normal

The ordinary output is a 3.6 to 21.6 mA analog signal, including 0 % or lower, and 100 % or higher.
If NAMUR NE43 option is selected, the signal range is 3.8 mA to 20.5 mA.

v
 3.3 Output when the state is abnormal
3.3.1 Output signal when the state is abnormal (burnout)
When the state is abnormal, the output signal goes off-scale in the upper or lower direction, depending
on the burnout setting.
In the cases below, the output signal may go off-scale in the low direction regardless of the burnout
setting.
• Watchdog timer reset
• Internal voltage error
• Output circuit error
When self-diagnosis judges that a major failure has occurred, the transmitter’s output signal is less than
3.6 mA or more than 21.6 mA.
3.3.2 LCD indication when the state is abnormal
When the state is abnormal, specific error messages are displayed on the LCD.
For details of the messages, see the table in chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.”

3.4 Startup
The safety output signal becomes effective within 2 seconds after transmitter startup.

3.5 Accuracy
Standard accuracy for safety is ±2 % or ±4 %, depending on the model number. Depending on the conditions
of use, the accuracy in actual use will differ.

3.6 Diagnosis time

The transmitter’s self-diagnosis results are detected within 5 minutes after an error occurs. A burnout signal
will be output within 5 seconds after the error is detected.

4. Settings related to safety

After the transmitter is installed, the following parameters must be set before use.
• Burnout direction
• Write-protect switch*

* When the transmitter is used as a part of a safety instrumented system, communication using a
communicator is prohibited when the state is normal.

vi
5. Restrictions
5.1 Restrictions on environment
To maintain long-term product performance and reliability, install the transmitter in an environment with the
characteristics below.
1. Ambient temperature
1-1. Have as little ambient temperature gradient and variation as possible.
1-2. If the transmitter is affected by heat from the process, take countermeasures such as wrapping it with
insulation or installing it in a ventilated place.
1-3. If there is a possibility that the process fluid will freeze, be careful not to freeze it by adiabatic treatment.
2. Environment
Pollution degree: 2
Indoor/outdoor use
Avoid using the transmitter in a corrosive atmosphere as much as possible.
When installing, follow the conditions for explosion-proof equipment and intrinsic safety.
3. Shock and vibration
Install where shock and vibration is minimal.

5.2 Restrictions on application

For the items below, the transmitter’s output does not meet the requirements for a safety instrumented system.
• Change of settings
• Turning off write protection
• Multi-drop
• Simulation mode (loop test, B/O simulation)
• Test of safety functions
In a safety instrumented system, a substitute device is required to ensure safety during setup or maintenance
of the transmitter.

6. Maintenance
6.1. Maintenance
Make sure that an engineer with technical knowledge does the maintenance work.
Maintenance needs to be done on a regular basis. Proof tests (tests to check operation) are an effective
method of maintenance for detecting hidden problems.

6.2 Proof tests

See below for a proof test. With this test you can detect 59 % of DU failures.
A. Bypass the PLC or take appropriate measures to avoid tripping the sensor shutoff.
B. Use the communicator to check the results of diagnosis.
C. Switch to burnout simulation mode with the communicator.
D. In simulation mode, check that indication goes beyond the burnout upper limit.
E. In simulation mode, check that indication goes beyond the burnout lower limit.
F. Quit simulation mode.
G. Remove the bypass circuit from the PLC.
In addition to the above test, by doing the following test, 99 % of DU failures can be detected.
H. Apply pressure so that the output signal is 0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 100 % and verify the output signal.

vii
7. Safety-related parameters
λdd [h-1] 481
λdu [h-1] 222
λs [h-1] 363
HFT 0-SIL2, 1-SIL3
MTTR 72 h
PFDavg (PTI = 1 year) 1.02 × 10-3
PFDavg (PTI = 5 years) 4.9 × 10-3
Diagnosis time < 5 min

8. Functional safety software (S/W)

The following shows valid S/W versions for safety transmitter.

S/W Ver. Date of Release

Ver.2.9 Sep. 2012
Ver.6.3 Jan. 2019

9. Abbreviations
SIS: Safety instrumented system
SIL: Safety integrity level
HFT: Hardware fault tolerance
PFD: Probability of failure on demand
PLC: Programmable logic controller
B/O: Burnout (output signal when state is abnormal)
DU: Dangerous undetected

viii
Safety Precautions
1. Checking products
When receiving a purchased product, check the appearance and confirm that the product is not damaged.
If the product specifications are customized, accessories other than standard accessories may be included in
the product.

2. Checking specifications
The model number, which indicates the product’s specifications, is written on the metal nameplate attached to
the transmitter. Check that there is no difference between the specifications indicated by the model number
and the specifications that were ordered.

3. Transport
To protect the transmitter from damage during transport, it is recommended that the product be moved to the
installation location while still packaged.

4. Storage environment
4-1. Storage location
Keep the product in a place not affected by vibration, impact, or rain water.
4-2. If possible, we recommend storing the product packed as it was originally shipped.
4-3. When storing a transmitter that has been used, check that there is no fluid on the liquid-contacting parts of
the transmitter, and wash it before storing.

5. Installation and operation

Before applying pressure to the transmitter, observe the following rules.
5-1. The adapter flange attachment bolt is loose at the time of shipment from the factory. When installing,
tighten it to the specified torque.
5-2. Do not subject the product to pressure beyond the rated pressure.
5-3. Do not loosen the bolts or excessively tighten them while pressure is applied to the transmitter.

6. Electrical components
6-1. This product contains CMOS electrical components. There is a danger that the functions of CMOS
components will be damaged by static electricity. Never touch electrical components or circuits with your bare
hands.
6-2. If you need to touch something, be sure to remove static electricity from yourself beforehand.
6-3. If the printed wiring board (PWB) is removed, keep it in an antistatic bag.

7. Inquiries
Azbil Corporation
Advanced Automation Company
1-12-2 Kawana, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture
251-8522

ix
PED Conformity (2014/68/EU)
The maximum pressures applicable under the Sound Engineering Practice (SEP) section
of the Pressure Equipment Directive depend on the type of fluid measured, as shown in
the table below.

Measured fluid Group* Pressure Applicable models

All models except

1 200 bar (20 MPa)
Gas GTX32D, 42D, 72D, 82G

2 1,000 bar (100 MPa) All models

1 500 bar (50 MPa) All models

Liquid
2 1,000 bar (100 MPa) All models

*Note : Group 1 comprises fluids defines as: explosive, extremely flammable, highly
flammable, flammable, very toxic, toxic and oxidizing.
Group 2 comprises all other fluids not refer to group 1

Any transmitter model having a maximum working pressure that is higher than the
pressure corresponding to its group does not conform to SEP.
Models GTX32D, 42D, 72D and 82G conform to PED according to Module A.

x
Explosion protected Models

FM Explosionproof / Dust-ignition proof Approval

1. Marking Information
FM18US0129X
Explosionproof for Use in Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C and D T5;
Dust-ignitionproof for Use in Class II and III, Division 1, Groups E, F and G T5;
-40°C≤Tamb≤+85°C;
Flameproof for Use in Class I, Zone 0/1, AEx db IIC T5 Ga/Gb; -30°C≤Tamb≤+80°C;
-30°C≤Tprocess≤100°C;
Hazardous (Classified) locations Indoor / Outdoor Type 4X, IP67

2. Applicable Standards
• FM Class 3600: 2018, Electrical Equipment for Use In Hazardous (Classified) Locations
- General Requirements
• FM Class 3615: 2018, Explosionproof Electrical Equipment General Requirements
• FM Class 3810: 2018, Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use
• ANSI/ISA 60079-0: 2013, Explosive Atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General
Requirements
• ANSI/ISA 60079-1: 2015, Explosive Atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment Protection by
Flameproof Enclosures "d"
• ANSI/ISA 60079-26: 2017, Explosive Atmospheres - Part 26: Equipment with
equipment protection level (EPL) Ga
• ANSI/IEC 60529: 2004, Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
• ANSI/NEMA 250: 1991 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)

3. Instruction for Safe Use

Installations shall comply with the relevant requirements of ANSI/ NFPA70 National
Electrical Code® and the manufacturer’s instructions.

4. Specific Conditions of Use

4.1 The enclosure of the Model GTX is made of aluminum, so if it mounted in Zone 0, it
must be installed in such a way that, even in the event of rare incidents, ignition CM2-
GTX100-2001 rev12 Explosion Protected Models sources due to impact of friction sparks
are excluded.
4.2 See Table 1 for the material of the barrier diaphragm. The barrier diaphragm shall not be
subjected to environmental conditions which might adversely affect the partition wall, for
example corrosion.
4.3 Repairs of flameproof joints are allowed only by manufacturer.
4.4 The equipment must be returned to the manufacturer in case of failure.
4.5 The wetted parts with process fluid are suitable for use in Zone 0 and other parts are
suitable for use in Zone 1.
4.6 This product is specified for vibrating as follows.
• For all models other than the direct mount type

xi
Frequency 5-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g
• For the direct mount type with stainless steel enclosures
Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.15mm amplitude
Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g
• For the direct mount type with enclosure material other than stainless steel
Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
Frequency 60-2000 Hz / 3g

Table 1. Identifying Diaphragm Material from Model Code

Standard Mount Type Note 1 Remote Sealed Type Note 2 Flange Mount Type Note 3
Code ■ GTX _ _ D/G/A - _ _ _ ■ GTX _ _ R/U/S - _ _ ■ GTX _ _ F/W - _ _ _ ■
A, D SUS316L SUS316L SUS316L / SUS316L
B, L, M ASTM B575 ASTM B575 ASTM B575 / SUS316L
C, N, P Tantalum Tantalum Tantalum / SUS316L
E, Q, R Monel Monel Monel / SUS316L
F, S, T Titanium Titanium Titanium / SUS316L
G, U, V Nickel Nickel Nickel / SUS316L
H Zirconium Zirconium Zirconium / SUS316L
J Platinum Platinum Platinum / SUS316L
K SUS304L SUS304L SUS304L / SUS316L
1 - - ASTM B575 / ASTM B575
2 - - Tantalum / Tantalum
3 - - SUS316L / SUS316L
4 - - Monel / Monel
5 - - Titanium / Titamiun
Note 1. Refers to diaphragm material of both the high and low pressure sides for
differential pressure model (GTX _ _ D), and diaphragm material of just the
measured pressure side for gauge and absolute pressure models (GTX _ _ G/A).
Note 2. Refers to diaphragm material of both the high and low pressure sides for
differential pressure model (GTX _ _ R), and diaphragm material of just the
measured pressure side for gauge and absolute pressure models (GTX _ _ U/S).
Note 3. Refers to the combination of diaphragm material of the flanged side and
reference side. (Flanged side / Reference side).

xii
FM Intrinsically safe, Nonincendive and Suitable Approval
1. Marking Information
FM18US0256X
Intrinsically Safe for use in Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C and D; Class II, Division 1,
Groups E, F and G; Class III, Division 1; T4 -40°C < Tamb < +60°C;
Class I, Zone 0, AEx ia IIC;T4 Ga -30°C < Tamb < +60°C; Tprocess = 105°C
Hazardous (Classified) Locations; Indoor/Outdoor Enclosure TYPE 4X, IP67;
For entity parameters see control drawings 80395278, 80395279, and 80395280.
Nonincendive, with Nonincendive Field Wiring Parameters, for use in Class I, Division 2,
Groups A, B, C and D, T4; Class I, Zone 2, Group IIC, T4;
Suitable for Class II & III, Division 2, Groups E, F and G, T4; -40°C < Tamb < +60°C;
Hazardous (Classified) Locations; Indoor/Outdoor Enclosure TYPE 4X, IP67;
For Nonincendive Field Wiring parameters see 80395494.

2. Applicable Standards
• FM Class 3600: 2018 Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations
- General Requirements
• FM Class 3610: 2018 Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in
Class I, II & III, Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations
• FM Class 3611: 2016 Nonincendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I & II,
Division 2, and Class III, Divisions 1 & 2, Hazardous (Classified) Locations
• FM Class 3810: 2005 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use
• ANSI/ISA-60079-0: 2013 Electrical Apparatus for Use in Class I, Zones 0, 1 & 2
Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Part 0: General Requirements
• - ANSI/ISA-60079-11: 2014 Electrical Apparatus for Use in Class I, Zones 0, 1 & 2
Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Part 11: Intrinsic Safety “i”
• ANSI/ISA-61010-1-2012 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for
Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use - Part 1: General Requirements
• ANSI/IEC 60529:2004 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
• ANSI/NEMA 250:1991 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1,000 Volts Maximum)

3. Instruction for Safe Use

3.1 Installations shall comply with the relevant requirements of the ANSI/NFPA 70 National
Electrical Code®.
3.2 Installations shall comply with the latest edition of the manufacturer's instruction manual.
IS models shall be installed in accordance with the control drawings 80395278, 80395279,
and 80395280, and NI models shall be installed in accordance with the control drawing
80395494.
3.3 The intrinsically safe associated apparatus must be FM Approvals approved.
3.4 Control room equipment connected to the associated apparatus should not use or
generate more than 250 Vrms or Vdc.
3.5 See ANSI/ISA RP12.06.01, Installation of Intrinsically Safe Systems for Hazardous
(Classified) Locations, for guidance on the installation of intrinsically safe apparatus and
systems.
3.6 Tampering and replacement with non-factory components may adversely affect the safe
use of the system.
3.7 Insertion or withdrawal of removable electrical connectors is to be accomplished only
when the area is known to be free of flammable vapors.

xiii
 3.8 For ambient temperatures below -10°C (+14°F) and above +60°C (+140°F) use field wiring
suitable for both minimum and maximum ambient temperatures.
3.9 Use copper, copper-clad aluminum or aluminum conductors only.
3.10 The recommended tightening torque for field wiring terminals is 0.8 N·m (7 in.·lb) or
greater, as specified.
3.11 A dust-tight conduit seal shall be used when installed in Class II & III environments.
3.12 WARNING - SUBSTITUTION OF COMPONENTS MAY IMPAIR INTRINSIC SAFETY
3.13 WARNING - SUBSTITUTION OF COMPONENTS MAY IMPAIR SUITABILITY FOR
DIVISIONS 1 & 2 AND ZONES 0, 1 & 2
3.14 WARNING - DO NOT DISCONNECT EQUIPMENT UNLESS AREA IS KNOWN TO
BE NONHAZARDOUS
3.15 WARNING - FOR CONNECTION ONLY TO NON-FLAMMABLE PROCESSES.
3.16 For use the in the area where EPL “Ga” apparatus is required, electrostatic discharge shall
be avoided

xiv
xv
xvi
xvii
xviii
cFM Explosionproof / Dust-ignition proof Approval
1. Marking Information
FM18CA0064X
Explosionproof for Use in Class I, Division 1, Groups B, C and D T5;
Dust-ignitionproof for Use in Class II and III, Division 1, Groups E, F and G T5;
-40°CC≤Tamb≤+85°C;
Flameproof for Use in Class I, Zone 0/1, Ex db IIC T5 Ga/Gb; -30°C≤Tamb≤+80°C;
-30°C≤Tprocess≤100°C;
Hazardous (Classified) locations Indoor / Outdoor Type 4X, IP67

2. Applicable Standards
• C22.2 No. 0-10(R2015) General requirements - Canadian electrical code, part II
• C22.2 No. 0.4-17 - Bonding of electrical equipment
• C22.2 No. 0.5-16 - Threaded conduit entries
• C22.2 No. 30-M1986(R2007) Explosion-Proof Enclosures for Use in Class I Hazardous
Locations
• C22.2 No. 25-1966(R2009) Enclosures for Use in Class II Groups E, F, and G Hazardous
Locations
• C22.2 No. 94-M91(R2006) Special Purpose Enclosures
• C22.2 No.61010-1-12 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use - Part 1: General Requirements
• C22.2 No.60079-0: 15 Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General
requirements
• C22.2 No.60079-1: 16 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment protection by
flameproof enclosures “d”
• C22.2 No.60079-26: 16 Explosive atmospheres - Part 26: Equipment with equipment
protection level (EPL) Ga

3. Instruction for Safe Use

Installations shall comply with the relevant requirements of the CSA C22.1 Canadian
Electrical Code and the manufacturers instructions.

4. Specific Conditions of Use

4.1 The enclosure of the Model GTX is made of aluminum, so if it mounted in an area where
the use of EPL Ga apparatus is required, it must be installed in such a way that, even in the
event of rare incidents, ignition sources due to impact of friction sparks are excluded.
4.2 See Table 1 for the material of the barrier diaphragm. The barrier diaphragm shall not be
subjected to environmental conditions which might adversely affect the partition wall, for
example corrosion.
4.3 Repairs of flameproof joints are allowed only by manufacturer.
4.4 The equipment must be returned to the manufacturer in case of failure.
4.5 The wetted parts with process fluid are suitable for EPL Ga and other parts are suitable for
EPL Gb.
4.6 This product is specified for vibrating as follows.
• For all models other than the direct mount type
Frequency 5-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g
• For the direct mount type with stainless steel enclosures

xix
 Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.15mm amplitude
• Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g
• For the direct mount type with enclosure material other than stainless steel
• Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
• Frequency 60-2000 Hz / 3g

Table 1. Identifying Diaphragm Material from Model Code

Standard Mount Type Note 1 Remote Sealed Type Note 2 Flange Mount Type Note 3
Code ■ GTX _ _ D/G/A - _ _ _ ■ GTX _ _ R/U/S - _ _ ■ GTX _ _ F/W - _ _ _ ■
A, D SUS316L SUS316L SUS316L / SUS316L
B, L, M ASTM B575 ASTM B575 ASTM B575 / SUS316L
C, N, P Tantalum Tantalum Tantalum / SUS316L
E, Q, R Monel Monel Monel / SUS316L
F, S, T Titanium Titanium Titanium / SUS316L
G, U, V Nickel Nickel Nickel / SUS316L
H Zirconium Zirconium Zirconium / SUS316L
J Platinum Platinum Platinum / SUS316L
K SUS304L SUS304L SUS304L / SUS316L
1 - - ASTM B575 / ASTM B575
2 - - Tantalum / Tantalum
3 - - SUS316L / SUS316L
4 - - Monel / Monel
5 - - Titanium / Titamiun
Note 1. Refers to diaphragm material of both the high and low pressure sides for
differential pressure model (GTX _ _ D), and diaphragm material of just the
measured pressure side for gauge and absolute pressure models (GTX _ _ G/A).
Note 2. Refers to diaphragm material of both the high and low pressure sides for
differential pressure model (GTX _ _ R), and diaphragm material of just the
measured pressure side for gauge and absolute pressure models (GTX _ _ U/S).
Note 3. Refers to the combination of diaphragm material of the flanged side and
reference side. (Flanged side / Reference side).

xx
cFM Intrinsically safe, Nonincendive and Suitable
Approval

1. Marking Information
FM18CA0120X
Intrinsically Safe for use in Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C and D; Class II, Division 1,
Groups E, F and G; Class III, Division 1; T4 -40°C < Tamb < +60°C;
Class I, Zone 0, Ex ia IIC;T4 Ga -30°C < Tamb < +60°C; Tprocess = 105°C
Hazardous (Classified) Locations; Indoor/Outdoor Enclosure TYPE 4X, IP67;
For entity parameters see control drawings 80395278, 80395279, and 80395280.
Nonincendive, with Nonincendive Field Wiring Parameters, for use in Class I, Division 2,
Groups A, B, C and D; Class I, Zone 2, Group IIC,
Suitable for Class II & III, Division 2, Groups E, F and G, T4; -40°C < Tamb < +60°C;
Hazardous (Classified) Locations; Indoor/Outdoor Enclosure TYPE 4X, IP67;
For Nonincendive Field Wiring parameters see 80395494.

2. Applicable Standards
• C22.2 No. 0-10(R2015) General requirements - Canadian electrical code, part II
• C22.2 No. 94-M91(R2006) Special Purpose Enclosures
• C22.2 No.61010-1-12 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use - Part 1: General Requirements
• C22.2 No. 157-92(R2012) Intrinsically Safe and Non-incendive Equipment for Use in
Hazardous Locations
• C22.2 No. 213-M1987(R2016), Non-incendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class 1,
Division 2 Hazardous Locations
• C22.2 60079-0: 15 Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General requirements
• C22.2 60079-11: 14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 11: Equipment protection by intrinsic
safety “i”

3. Instruction for Safe Use

3.1 Installations shall comply with the relevant requirements of the CSA C22.1 Canadian
Electrical Code
3.2 Installations shall comply with the latest edition of the manufacturer's instruction manual.
IS models shall be installed in accordance with the control drawings 80395278, 80395279,
and 80395280, and NI models shall be installed in accordance with the control drawing
80395494.
3.3 The intrinsically safe associated apparatus must be cFM Approvals approved.
3.4 Control room equipment connected to the associated apparatus should not use or
generate more than 250 Vrms or Vdc.
3.5 Tampering and replacement with non-factory components may adversely affect the safe
use of the system.
3.6 Insertion or withdrawal of removable electrical connectors is to be accomplished only
when the area is known to be free of flammable vapors.
3.7 For ambient temperatures below -10°C (+14°F) and above +60°C (+140°F) use field wiring
suitable for both minimum and maximum ambient temperatures.
3.8 Use copper, copper-clad aluminum or aluminum conductors only.
3.9 The recommended tightening torque for field wiring terminals is 0.8 N·m (7 in.·lb) or
greater, as specified.

xxi
3.10 A dust-tight conduit seal shall be used when installed in Class II & III environments.
3.11 WARNING - SUBSTITUTION OF COMPONENTS MAY IMPAIR INTRINSIC SAFETY
3.12 WARNING - SUBSTITUTION OF COMPONENTS MAY IMPAIR SUITABILITY FOR
DIVISIONS 1 & 2 AND ZONES 0, 1 & 2
3.13 WARNING - DO NOT DISCONNECT EQUIPMENT UNLESS AREA IS KNOWN TO
BE NONHAZARDOUS
3.14 WARNING - FOR CONNECTION ONLY TO NON-FLAMMABLE PROCESSES.
3.15 For use the in the area where EPL “Ga” apparatus is required, electrostatic discharge shall
be avoided.

xxii
ATEX Flameproof and Dust Certifications
1. Marking Information

0344 KEMA 08ATEX0004X

II 1/2 G Ex db IIC T6 Ga/Gb -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 85°C

II 1/2 G Ex db IIC T5 Ga/Gb -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +80°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 100°C
II 1/2 G Ex db IIC T4 Ga/Gb -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +80°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 110°C
II 2 D Ex tb IIIC T85°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 85°C
II 2 D Ex tb IIIC T100°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 100°C
II 2 D Ex tb IIIC T110°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 110°C
IP66/IP67

2. Applicable Standards
- EN IEC 60079-0
- EN 60079-1
- EN 60079-26
- EN 60079-31

3. Installation Instruction
3.1 To maintain the degree of protection of at least IP66 in accordance with IEC60529,
suitable cable entries must be used and correctly installed. Unused openings must be
closed with a suitable stopping plug.
3.2 Use supply wire suitable for 5 °C above surrounding ambient.
3.3 When Model No. is given with GTXxxx-x…x-yx…x-x…,
if y=A, the thread type of the end of all entries is 1/2 NPT, or
if y=B, the thread type of the end of all entries is M20.
3.4 The earthing wire and the cable lug shall be assembled, and the earthing wire secured
close to the cable lug to prevent it from being pulled sideways. The tightening torque
of the earthing secure is 1.2±0.1 N·m.

4. Special Conditions of Use

4.1 T he enclosure of the Model GTX is made of aluminum, so if it mounted in an area where
the use of 1G apparatus is required, it must be installed in such a way that, even in the
event of rare incidents, ignition sources due to impact of friction sparks are excluded.
4.2 For the use in the area where EPL Db apparatus is required, electrostatic discharge
shall be avoided.
4.3 See Table 4-1 in the clause 5.1.2 for the material of the barrier diaphragm.
The barrier diaphragm shall not be subjected environmental conditions which might
adversely affect the partition wall, for example corrosion.
4.4 Repairs of flameproof joints are allowed only by manufacturer.
4.5 The equipment must be returned to the manufacturer in case of failure.
4.6 The wetted parts with process fluid are suitable for EPL Ga and other parts are
suitable for EPL Gb.
4.7 This product is specified for vibrating as follows.
-For all models other than the direct mount type
Frequency 5-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g

xxiii
 - For the direct mount type with stainless steel enclosures
Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.15mm amplitude
Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g
-For the direct mount type with enclosure material other than stainless steel
Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
Frequency 60-2000 Hz / 3g

ATEX Intrinsic safety

1. Marking Information

0344 KEMA 07ATEX0200X IP66/IP67

II 1 G Ex ia IIC T4 Ga -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +60°C Tprocess = 105°C
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS: Ui = 30 V, Ii = 93 mA, Pi = 1 W, Ci = 5 nF, Li = 0.5 mH
II 2 D Ex ia IIIC T105°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +60°C Tprocess = 105°C
II 3 G Ex ic IIC T4 Gc -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +60°C Tprocess = 110°C
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS: Ui = 30 V, Ci = 5 nF, Li = 0.5 mH

2. Applicable Standards
- EN IEC 60079-0
- EN 60079-11

3. Instruction for Safe Use

3.1 To maintain the degree of protection of at least IP66 in accordance with IEC60529,
suitable cable entries must be used and correctly installed. Unused openings must be
closed with a suitable stopping plug.
3.2 Thread type of entry
When Model No. is given with GTXxxx-x…x-yx…x-x…,
if y=A, the thread type of the end of all entries is 1/2 NPT, or
if y=B, the thread type of the end of all entries is M20.

4. Special Conditions of Use

Because the enclosure of Model GTX is made of aluminum, if it is mounted in an area
where the use of 1G apparatus is required, it must be installed in such a way that, even in
the event of rare incidents, ignition sources due to impact of friction sparks are excluded.

Precautions shall be taken to minimize the risk from propagating brush discharges at the
painted surface in the presence of dust explosive atmospheres.

xxiv
IECEx Flameproof and Dust Certifications
1. Marking Information
IECEx KEM 08.0001X
Ex db IIC T6 Ga/Gb -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 85°C
Ex db IIC T5 Ga/Gb -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +80°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 100°C
Ex db IIC T4 Ga/Gb -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +80°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 110°C
Ex tb IIIC T85°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 85°C
Ex tb IIIC T100°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 100°C
Ex tb IIIC T110°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ 110°C
IP66/IP67

2. Applicable Standards
- IEC 60079-0: 2017
- IEC 60079-1: 2014
- IEC 60079-26: 2014
- IEC 60079-31: 2013

3. Installation Instruction
3.1 To maintain the degree of protection of at least IP66 in accordance with IEC60529,
suitable cable entries must be used and correctly installed. Unused openings must be
closed with a suitable stopping plug.
3.2 Use supply wire suitable for 5 °C above surrounding ambient.
3.3 When Model No. is given with GTXxxx-x…x-yx…x-x…,
if y=A, the thread type of the end of all entries is 1/2 NPT, or
if y=B, the thread type of the end of all entries is M20
3.4 The earthing wire and the cable lug shall be assembled, and the earthing wire secured
close to the cable lug to prevent it from being pulled sideways. The tightening torque
of the earthing secure is 1.2±0.1 N·m.

4. Special Conditions of Use

4.1 The enclosure of the Model GTX is made of aluminum, so if it mounted in Zone 0, where
the use of Ga apparatus is required, it must be installed in such a way that, even in the
event of rare incidents, ignition sources due to impact of friction sparks are excluded.
4.2 For the use in the area where EPL Db apparatus is required, electrostatic discharge
shall be avoided.
4.3 See Table 4-1 in the clause 5.1.2 for the material of the barrier diaphragm.
The barrier diaphragm shall not be subjected environmental conditions which might
adversely affect the partition wall, for example corrosion.
4.4 Repairs of flameproof joints are allowed only by manufacturer.
4.5 The equipment must be returned to the manufacturer in case of failure.
4.6 The wetted parts with process fluid are suitable for EPL Ga and other parts are
suitable for EPL Gb.
4.7 This product is specified for vibrating as follows.
- For all models other than the direct mount type
Frequency 5-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g
- For the direct mount type with stainless steel enclosures
Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.15mm amplitude
Frequency 60-500 Hz / 2g
- For the direct mount type with enclosure material other than stainless steel
Frequency 10-60Hz / 0.21mm amplitude
Frequency 60-2000 Hz / 3g
xxv
IECEx Intrinsic safety
1. Marking Information
IECEx KEM 07.0058X IP66/IP67
Ex ia IIC T4 Ga -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +60°C Tprocess = 105°C
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS: Ui = 30 V, Ii = 93 mA, Pi = 1 W, Ci = 5 nF, Li = 0.5 mH
Ex ia IIIC T105°C Db -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +60°C Tprocess = 105°C
Ex ic IIC T4 Gc -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +60°C Tprocess = 110°C
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS: Ui = 30 V, Ci = 5 nF, Li = 0.5 mH

2. Applicable Standards
- IEC 60079-0: 2017
- IEC 60079-11: 2011

3. Instruction for Safe Use

3.1 To maintain the degree of protection of at least IP66 in accordance with IEC60529,
suitable cable entries must be used and correctly installed. Unused openings must be
closed with a suitable stopping plug.
3.2 Thread type of entry
When Model No. is given with GTXxxx-x…x-yx…x-x…,
if y=A, the thread type of the end of all entries is 1/2 NPT, or
if y=B, the thread type of the end of all entries is M20.

4. Special Conditions of Use

Because the enclosure of Model GTX is made of aluminum, if it is mounted in an area
where the use of 1G apparatus is required, it must be installed in such a way that, even in
the event of rare incidents, ignition sources due to impact of friction sparks are excluded.

Precautions shall be taken to minimize the risk from propagating brush discharges at the
painted surface in the presence of dust explosive atmospheres.

xxvi
NEPSI 隔爆外壳和防粉尘点燃外壳认证

1. 标志资讯
GYJ22.1837X
Ex db IIC T6 Gb -30 ℃≤ Tamb ≤ +75 ℃ Tprocess ≤ 80 ℃
Ex db IIC T5 Gb -30 ℃≤ Tamb ≤ +80 ℃ Tprocess ≤ 95 ℃
Ex db IIC T4 Gb -30 ℃≤ Tamb ≤ +80 ℃ Tprocess ≤ 110 ℃
Ex tb IIIC T85 ℃ Db -30 ℃≤ Tamb ≤ +75 ℃ Tprocess ≤ 85 ℃
Ex tb IIIC T100 ℃ Db -30 ℃≤ Tamb ≤ +80 ℃ Tprocess ≤ 95 ℃
Ex tb IIIC T115 ℃ Db -30 ℃≤ Tamb ≤ +80 ℃ Tprocess ≤ 110 ℃
IP66/IP67

2. 适用的标准
-GB/T 3836.1-2021
-GB/T 3836.2-2021
-GB/T 3836.31-2021

3. 产品安全使用特殊条件
防爆合格证号后缀 “X” 表明产品具有安全使用特殊条件， 具体内容如下 ：
1. 涉及安装、 维护、 维修时需咨询制造厂， 索取并参考带有隔爆面参数的文件。
2. 产品的温度组别、 使用环境温度范围及最高介质温度之间的关系见下表 ：
温度组别 使用环境温度范围 高介质温度
T6/T85 ℃ -30 ℃ ~ +75 ℃ 80 ℃
T5/T100 ℃ -30 ℃ ~ +80 ℃ 95 ℃
T4/T115 ℃ -30 ℃ ~ +80 ℃ 110 ℃

4. 产品使用注意事项
1． 产品设有外接地端子， 用户在安装使用时应可靠接地。
2． 产品电缆引入口须配用经 NEPSI 认可的、 符合国家标准 GB/T 3836.1-2021、 GB/T
3836.2-2021 和 / 或 GB/T 3836.31-2021 标准规定的、 具有防爆等级为 Ex db Ⅱ C
Gb 和 / 或 Ex tb Ⅲ C Db 的电缆引入装置， 方可用于爆炸性危险场所。 该电缆引入
装置的螺纹规格为 1/2-14NPT 或 M20×1.5。 电缆引入装置的使用必须符合其使用说
明书的要求， 冗余电缆引入口须采用封堵件有效密封。 电缆引入装置安装后， 须确
保设备整体外壳防护等级不低于 IP66/IP67。
3． 现场使用和维护时， 必须遵循 “严禁带电开盖” 的原则。
4． 产品电气参数 ：
电源 / 输出回路 （端子号 S+， S-） ： 最大 42Vdc, 4-20mA （电流输出型） ； 或
最大 32Vdc， 18.5mA （现场总线型） ；
报警输出 （端子号 CHK/AL， GND） ： 30Vdc， 30mA。
5． 用户不得自行更换该产品的零部件， 应会同产品制造商共同解决运行中出现的故障，
以杜绝损坏现象的发生。
6． 可燃性粉尘环境使用时， 需采取有效措施清洁产品外壳以避免粉尘堆积， 但严禁使用
压缩空气吹扫。
7． 产品的安装、 使用和维护应同时遵守产品说明书及下列相关标准、 规范的要求 ：
GB/T 3836.13–2021 爆炸性环境 第 13 部分 ： 设备的修理、 检修、 修复和改造
GB/T 3836.15–2017 爆炸性环境 第 15 部分 ： 电气装置的设计、 选型和安装
GB/T 3836.16–2017 爆炸性环境 第 16 部分 ： 电气装置的检查与维护
GB 50257–2014 电气装置安装工程爆炸和火灾危险环境 电气装置施工及验收规范
GB 15577–2018 粉尘防爆安全规程

xxvii
NEPSI 本质安全认证

1. 标志资讯
GYJ22.1838X
Ex ia IIC T4 Ga -30 ℃ ≤ Tamb ≤ +60 ℃ Tprocess = 105 ℃ IP66 / IP67
Ex ic IIC T4 Gc -30 ℃ ≤ Tamb ≤ +60 ℃ Tprocess = 110 ℃ IP66 / IP67
Ex ia IIIC T105 ℃ Db -30 ℃ ≤ Tamb ≤ +60 ℃ Tprocess = 105 ℃ IP66 / IP67
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS: Ui = 30 V, Ii = 93 mA, Pi = 1 W, Ci = 5 nF, Li = 0.5 mH

2. 适用的标准
-GB/T 3836.1-2021
-GB/T 3836.4-2021

3. 产品安全使用特殊条件
防爆合格证号后缀 “X” 表明产品具有安全使用特殊条件， 具体内容如下 ：
1. 当产品安装于要求 EPL Ga 级的场所时， 用户须采取有效措施防止产品外壳由于冲击或
摩擦引起的点燃危险。
2. 产品最高允许介质温度、 使用环境温度范围与防爆标志的关系如下表所示 ：
防爆标志 使用环境温度范围 最高允许介质温度
Ex ia IIC T4 Ga -30 ℃ ~ +60 ℃ 105 ℃
Ex ic IIC T4 Gc -30 ℃ ~ +60 ℃ 110 ℃
Ex ia IIIC T105 ℃ Db -30 ℃～ +60 ℃ 105 ℃

4. 产品使用注意事项
1． 产品必须与经防爆认可的关联设备配套共同组成本安防爆系统方可使用于现场存在爆炸
性气体混合物的危险场所。 其系统接线必须同时遵守智能压力变送器和所配关联设备
的使用说明书要求， 接线端子不得接错。 产品本安电气参数如下 ：
最高输入电压 最大输入电流 最大输入功率 最大内部等效参数
Ui (V) Ii (mA) Pi (W) Ci (nF) Li (mH)
30 93 1 5 0.5
2． 用户不得自行更换该产品的元器件及零部件， 应会同产品制造商共同解决运行中出现
的故障， 以杜绝损坏现象的发生。
3． 产品的安装、 使用和维护应同时遵守产品说明书及下列相关标准、 规范的要求 ：
GB/T 3836.13–2021 爆炸性环境 第 13 部分 ： 设备的修理、 检修、 修复和改造
GB/T 3836.15–2017 爆炸性环境 第 15 部分 ： 电气装置的设计、 选型和安装
GB/T 3836.16–2017 爆炸性环境 第 16 部分 ： 电气装置的检查与维护
GB/T 3836.18–2017 爆炸性环境 第 18 部分 ： 本质安全电气系统
GB 50257–2014 电气装置安装工程爆炸和火灾危险环境 电气装置施工及验收规范

xxviii
CNS 耐壓安全認證
1. 防爆等級內容
型式檢定合格字號 工電 (2015) 第 00113X 號
防爆規格標示
Ex db IIC T5 Gb -30℃ ≤ Tamb ≤ +80℃ Tprocess ≤ 100℃

2. 依據標準
CNS 3376-0 (2014)
IEC 60079-1 (2014)

3. 電氣規格
輸入 42 Vdc ( 最大 )
輸出 4-20mA
IP66/IP67

4. 特殊條件
隔離膜不得處於可能會對分隔壁產生不利影響的環境條件下 ；
僅允許原製造廠維修耐壓防爆接合面 ；
本設備僅能由原製造商维修 ；
檢定範圍未包含電纜入口保護裝置， 應正確使用合格電纜接頭或盲塞以維持設備保護型式之完整性。
最高製程溫度不可超過 100 ℃， 以符合 T 5 之設備溫度等級 。

xxix
CNS 本質安全認證
1. 防爆等級內容
型式檢定合格字號 工電 (2016) 第 00227X 號
防爆規格標示
Ex ia IIC T4 Ga -30℃ ≤ Tamb ≤ +60℃ Tprocess ≤ 105℃ IP66/IP67
Ex ic IIC T4 Gc -30℃ ≤ Tamb ≤ +60℃ Tprocess ≤ 110℃ IP66/IP67

2. 依據標準
IEC 60079-0 (2017)
IEC 60079-11 (2011)

3. 電氣規格
ia : Ui=30V、 Ii=93mA、 Pi=1W、 Ci=5nF、 Li=0.5mH
ic : Ui=30V、 Ci=5nF、 Li=0.5mH

4. 特殊條件
檢定範圍未包含電纜入口保護裝置， 應正確使用合格電纜接頭或盲塞以維持設備保護型式之完整性 ；
當使用 EPL Ga 的設備且外殼材質為鋁時， 安裝區域應避免設備外殼遭受摩擦與撞擊， 而產生足以造成引燃
源的火花。

xxx
KCs Flameproof and Dust Certifications
1. Marking Information
Ex d IIC T6 -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C Tprocess=85°C
Ex d IIC T5 -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +80°C Tprocess=100°C
Ex d IIC T4 -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +80°C Tprocess=110°C
Ex tD A21 T85°C -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ +85°C
Ex tD A21 T100°C -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ +100°C
Ex tD A21 T110°C -30°C ≤ Tamb ≤ +75°C -30°C ≤ Tprocess ≤ +110°C

2. Specific Conditions of Use

1) 제조자는 모든 제조품의 Sensor Part 에 대해 1,000kPa 로 가압시험을 실시할 것 .
2) 해당 제품은 알루미늄 용기로 충격 또는 마찰로 인한 스파크 발생에 유의할 것 .
3) 21 종 장소에서 사용 시 , 정전기 방전에 유의하세요 .
4) 배리어 격막은 격막에 악영향을 미칠 수 있는 환경 조건에 영향을 받지 않도록 유의할 것 .
5) 방폭 접합면의 수리는 제조업체만 허용되며 고장 발생 시에는 장비를 제조업체에 반환할 것 .

xxxi
Marking of Nameplates for Devices with Multiple Types of
Protection
According to the selected explosionproof code, the device may have multiple types of protection in
hazardous areas.
Example: Code F6 = Combination of flameproof+dust ignitionproof, intrinsically safe, and
nonincendive.

When this code is selected, the nameplate on the device will have a checkbox next to the
description of each type of protection.

Example of checkboxes on the nameplate

Checkbox

Before installing the device, the checkbox of the selected protection type MUST be marked in an
indelible manner. Once the checkbox is marked, the device must be used within the conditions
stated next to the specific checkbox. If two or more checkboxes are marked, the device may not be
used in any hazardous area.

xxxii
xxxiii
xxxiv
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Overview-First Time Users Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
1-2. Advanced Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
1-3. Parts names of the transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
1-4. Transmitter Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

Chapter 2. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2-1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
2-2. Mounting Advanced Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
2-2-1. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
2-2-2. Changing Direcion of Indicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2
2-2-3. Precaution for Hanging Nameplate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
2-2-4. Flange mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
2-2-5. Remote seal mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
2-2-6. Using the Flange Size Conversion Adapter (Model HF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
2-2-7. Using the Flushing Ring (Model DV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
2-2-8. Direct Mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
2-2-9. Precautions when attaching the FEP protective film
(Models GTX _ _R, GTX _ _U, GTX _ _F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
2-2-10. Direct Mounting Kit (Model GTX _ _ R). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
2-3. Piping Advanced Transmitter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
2-3-1. Piping for Liquid, Gas or Steam Flow Rate Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
2-3-2. Pressure Measurement - Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
2-3-3. Liquid Level Measurement - Piping (GTX_ _D/GTX_ _G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35
2-4. Wiring Advanced Transmitter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40
2-4-1. Wiring for Transmitter -- Regular Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40

Chapter 3. Operation of the Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3-1. Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3-1-1. Connecting communicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
3-2. Settings Confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2
3-3. Measurement with model GTX_ _D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
3-3-1. Flow Rate Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
3-3-2. Gas Pressure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
3-3-3. Liquid Level Measurement of Open Tank and Closed Tank (Dry Leg). . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
3-3-4. Liquid Level Measurement of Closed Tank (Wet Leg). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3-4. Measurement with Model GTX_ _G/GTX_ _A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
3-4-1. Pressure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
3-5. Measurement with Model GTX_ _F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
3-5-1. Pressure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
3-6. Measurement with Model GTX_ _R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
3-6-1. Pressure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
3-6-2. Cautions Related to Flow Rate Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
3-7. Measurement with Model GTX_ _U/GTX_ _S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
3-7-1. Pressure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
3-8. Set Range Calculation for Liquid Level Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
3-8-1. Open Tank or Closed Tank (Dry Leg) or Remote Seal Set Range Calculation . . . . . 3-34
3-8-2. Closed Tank (Wet Leg or Remote Seal) -- Set Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39
3-9. Indicator (Optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42
3-9-1. Display unit of indicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

xxxv
 3-9-2. Bar Graph Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
3-9-3. External Zero/Span Adjustment Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
3-9-4. Square Root Extraction Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
3-9-5. Write Protect Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
3-9-6. Status Record Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
3-9-7. Display Update Mark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
3-10. External Zero/Span Adjustment function (Optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46
3-11. Advanced Diagnostics (optional ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49
3-11-1. Pressure Frequency Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49
3-11-2. Standard Deviation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53
3-11-3. Out-of-Range Pressure Event Count. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55

Chapter 4. Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4-1. Disassembly and Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
4-1-1. Before You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
4-1-2. Mount Center Body Cover and Adapter Flange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4
4-1-3. Washing the Center Body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
4-2. Calibrating Set Range and Output Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
4-2-1. Calibrating Set Range Based on Reference Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
4-2-2. Calibrating Output Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
4-3. Calibration Value Restoration and History Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
4-3-1. Restoring the Factory Calibration Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
4-3-2. Diagnostics History Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
4-3-3. Zero Calibration Internal Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Chapter 5. Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Appendix-A. Supplement Manual for Field Communication

Software (Model CFS100). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Appendix-B. Default damping time constant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Appendix-C. Diagnosis of clogging in the connecting pipe

using the pressure frequency index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Appendix-D. General Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

xxxvi
Chapter 1. Overview-First Time Users Only

1-1. Introduction
This section is intended for users who have never worked with our Advanced Transmitter. It
provides some general information to acquaint you with the Advanced Transmitter.

1-2. Advanced Transmitters

Azbil Corporation’s Advanced Transmitter includes model variations of these basic pressure
measurement types.
• Differential Pressure
• Gauge Pressure
• Absolute Pressure

Transmitter adjustments
Except for optional zero and span adjustments available with Advanced Transmitters only, the
Advanced Transmitter has no physical adjustments.
You need a Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) or HART communicator to make
adjustments to a transmitter.

GTX_ _ D GTX_ _ F GTX_ _ G GTX_ _ A GTX_ _ G

Differential Differential Gauge Absolute Gauge
Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure
with Flange (Direct Mount)

GTX_ _ R GTX_ _ U
DIfferential Pressure Gauge Pressure
with Remote Diaphragm Seals with Remote DIaphragm Seal

Fig. 1-1. Advanced Transmitter Family

1-1
1-3. Parts names of the transmitter

Introduction
This transmitter consists mainly of a terminal block, an electronics module, a transmitter unit
case, an indicator, and a center body.
Structure and parts names
The following illustration shows the structure and parts names of this transmitter:

Transmitter unit case

Electronics module

Indicator

Case cover

Bolts and nuts

Center body cover

Terminal Block

Sensor Case cover

Bolts and nuts

Fig. 1-2. Structure of the transmitter (model GTX _ _D)

1-2
 Parts name Description

Center body Consists of a composite semiconductor sensor, a pressure

diaphragm, an excessive pressure protection mechanism, etc.

Center body cover Two center body covers sandwich the center body. Process
connection is made to this part.

Bolts and nuts Fixing the center body between covers, are a series of bolts and
nuts.

Sensor Consists of a composite semiconductor sensor, a pressure

receiving diaphragm, a flange, a capillary tube, etc.

Electronics module Consists of electronic circuits having functions for processing

differential pressure and other signals, and transmitting them.

Transmitter unit case Housing the electronics module and the terminal board.

Case cover Encloses the transmitter unit case.

Indicator It display output value, unit, error message, etc.

1-3
1-4. Transmitter Order

Order components
Fig. 1-3 shows the components that are shipped and should be received for a typical Advanced
Transmitter order.

Mounting Bracket (Optional)

Transmitter

User's HART User's

Manual Manual

HART User's Manual

(Optional) Magnet stick (Optional)

Fig. 1-3. Typical Advanced Transmitter Order Components

1-4
Chapter 2. Installation

2-1. Introduction
This section provides information about installing the Advanced Transmitter. It includes
procedures for mounting, piping and wiring the transmitter for operation.

2-2. Mounting Advanced Transmitter

2-2-1. Summary
You can mount all transmitter models except those with integral flanges to a 2-inch (50 mm)
vertical or horizontal pipe using our optional angle or flat mounting bracket or a bracket of
your own. Those models with integral flanges are supported by the flange connection.

Fig. 2-1 shows typical bracket mounted and flange mounted transmitter installations for
comparison.

Fig. 2-1. Typical Bracket Mounted and Flange Mounted Installations.

CAUTION
When using the U-bolt to fix the optional bracket to a 2” pipe, note that the U bolt may be
damaged if tightened with excessive force.

2-1
2-2-2. Changing Direcion of Indicator
Methods of changing direction of indicator after mounting are shown below.

a) Rotate electronics housing 90° horizontally.

Loosen 3 mm set screw on outside neck of transmitter. Rotate electronics housing in a
maximum of 90 degree increments (left or right) from the center to a position you require and
tighten the set screw.

90 Max
90 Max

Fig. 2-2.

Set screw
(3mm)

Fig. 2-3.
b) Rotate digital display module

2-2
 Fig. 2-4.

2-2-3. Precaution for Hanging Nameplate

When the combination approval of ATEX+FM+FMC is selected, there will be a nameplate
hanging from the neck of the transmitter as shown in fig. 2-5.
Be sure to comply with the warning stated below.

Nameplate

Fig. 2-5.

WARING
To avoid static electricity, be sure the contact between the hanging nameplate and the
earthed metal parts of the equipment is maintained during the lifetime of the equipment.

2-3
2-2-4. Flange mounting
To mount a flange mounted transmitter model, bolt the transmitter’s flange to the flange pipe
on the wall of the tank. Tighten the bolts to a torque of
SNB7 : 20 ± 1 N·m
304SST : 10 ± 1 N·m

ATTENTION
On insulated tanks, remove enough insulation to accommodate the flange extension.

Fig. 2-6 shows a typical installation for a transmitter with the flange on the high pressure (HP)
side so the HP diaphragm is in direct contact with the process fluid. The low pressure (LP)
side of the transmitter is vented to atmosphere (no connection).

100 % Liquid

0 % Liquid

Fig. 2-6. Typical Flange Mounted Transmitter Installation.

2-4
2-2-5. Remote seal mounting
Use the procedure in “Table 2-1. Mounting Remote Diaphragm Seal Transmitter” to mount
a remote diaphragm seal transmitter model. Fig. 2-7 shows a typical installation for a remote
diaphragm seal transmitter for reference.

ATTENTION
Mount the transmitter flanges within the limits stated here for the given fill-fluid in the
capillary tubes with a tank at one atmosphere.

Table 2-1. Mounting Remote Diaphragm Seal Transmitter

Step Action

1 Mount transmitter at a remote distance determined by length of capillary tubing.

2 H mark side of transmitter to upper flange mounting on tank wall.

ATTENTION
On insulated tanks, remove enough insulation to accommodate the flange
extension.

3 Tighten bolts to torque of

Carbon steel (SNB7): 20 ± 1 N·m ,
304SST: 10 ± 1 N·m .

2-5
 HP

100 % Liquid Level

Fixed
Ref Leg

0 % Liquid Level

LP

Fig. 2-7. Typical Remote Diaphragm Seal Transmitter Installation

ATTENTION
Calculation of Allowable Transmitter Installation Location in Remote Seal Type Differential
Pressure Transmitter.

When installing a remote seal type differential pressure transmitter on an enclosed tank, we
recommend the installation of the main unit below the lower flange. However, it is sometimes
necessary to install the transmitter main unit between the upper and lower flanges due to
piping restrictions.

The condition that must be satisfied to ensure normal transmitter operations is specified here.

If a transmitter is installed in the position shown in Fig. 2-8, the inner pressure of the tank (P0)
and the head pressure of the liquid sealed in the capillary can be applied to its main unit (low
limit flange side).

The transmitter functions normally as long as the pressure applied to its diaphragm surface is
equal to or higher than the low limit P (kPa abs.) of the allowable pressure of its main unit.

Fig. 2-8.

2-6
This condition can be expressed with the following formula;
P0 + ( ( ρ'h ) ⁄ 102 ) ≥ P ( 1 kPa = 102 mmH2O )
Therefore, h ≤ ( P0 – P ) × 102 ⁄ ( ρ' )

Table 2-2.

Liquid
Low limit of
Specific gravity contacting
allowable
of sealed liquid temperature
pressure
ρ‘ range
P (kPa abs.)
(°C)

General application (*1) 0.935 2 -40 to 40

High temperature 1.07 2 -5 to 90

application (*2)

High temperature & 1.07 0.1333 -5 to 100

vacuum application (*3)

High temperature & high 1.09 0.1333 10 to 250

vacuum application (*4)

Oxygen application, 1.87 53 -10 to 40

chlorine application (*5)

Remarks
1. An application where the pressure in the tank P0 becomes a vacuum requires special
caution.

2. If the above condition is not met, the pulling force applied to the diaphragm surface will
exceed the specified range.
Foaming occurs because the pressure of sealed liquid exceeds the saturated vapor pressure
and can cause zero point shifting. Negative pressure applied to the diaphragm can cause
buckling and destroy the diaphragm.

3. When the liquid contacting temperature exceeds the levels shown in the table, the low limit
of the allowable pressure also changes. Check the specifications.

4. *1. GTX_ _R-_A

*2. GTX_ _R-_B
*3. GTX_ _R-_C
*4. GTX_ _R-_D
*5. GTX_ _R-_H&J

2-7
 <Example of calculation>
Let’s take up an example in which a remote seal type transmitter of the of the general
specifications is used for a vacuum application (3kPa abs.)
• Liquid contacting pressure : Normal pressure (24°C)
• Low limit of allowable pressure ( ρ ) : 2 kPa abs. (15mmHg abs.)
• Specific gravity of sealed liquid ( ρ' ) : 0.935
• Inner pressure of tank ( ρ0 ) : 3kPa abs.

The condition that must be met to satisfy the transmitter specifications is as follows:

h ≤ (P0 – P) × 102 ⁄ ( ρ' )

h ≤ ( 3 – 2 ) × 102 ⁄ 0.935 = 109 mm

Therefore, the high limit of the transmitter position is 109 mm.

CAUTION
If the above conditions are not met, the diaphragm surface will be pulled by negative
pressure that exceeds its operating limit. When the pressure reaches the saturated
vapor pressure, the sealed liquid will form bubbles. If the negative pressure continues to
increase, the diaphragm may buckle and be damaged.
Azbil Corporation recommends installing the transmitter at least 10 cm below the lower
flange

2-8
2-2-6. Using the Flange Size Conversion Adapter (Model HF)
Summary
When the flange size is smaller than the diaphragm size of the remote sealed transmitter, a
flange size conversion adapter (model HF adapter) is necessary to connect the remote sealed
transmitter (Model GTX_ _R and GTX_ _U) to the piping flange. If you are a first-time user
of the HF adapter, read this section to understand the basics.

The HF adapter is necessary for connecting the remote sealed transmitter to customer flange
sizes of 1 inch or smaller. There are two types of HF adapters, the short pipe type, and the
integrated flange type. For the integrated flange type, the flange size may be converted to sizes
as large as 2 inch or 3 inch. Also, for both types, the HF adapters have a built-in drain/vent
valve, so that there is no need for a flushing ring.

WARNING
Do not use this device for fluids such as toxic gas that may result in harmful physical risks
due to minute leaks.
During installation, make sure that the gasket does not stick out at the connection with
the process. There is a risk that the process fluid will leak out and may result in burns or
other injuries.
Close the vent/drain plug during operation. There is a risk that the process fluid will leak
out and may result in burns or other injuries.
Before removing the product, make sure that the internal pressure is low and that no fluid
remains inside.
If the process fluid contains toxic substances, take safety measures such as wearing
goggles and masks to prevent contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation.

CAUTION
Do not use this product as a foothold. It may cause injuries or may damage the piping.

Use both hands when carrying this instrument. If dropped, it may cause injuries or may
damage the instrument.
The protection sheet for the sealing surface is not a gasket. Failing to remove it before
installing may result in leakage of the process fluid.
In locations where there is excessive vibration, take measures so the nuts do not loosen.
(using spring washers, double nuts, etc.).
If the connecting pipe is too thin to support the weight of the product, provide
appropriate reinforcement.
After removing the internal pressure, be sure to re-tighten the vent/drain plug. Forgetting
to do so will result in process fluid leakage.
The protection sheet for the sealing surface is not a gasket. Failing to remove it before
installing may result in leakage of the process fluid.
When the vent/drain plug is loosened, the process fluid will eject from the small hole in
the vent/drain plug. Open slowly so as not to scatter the fluid in the vicinity.
When the vent/drain plug is loosened, be aware of the direction in which the process fluid
will be released. Do not look in and put your head close.

Regularly check the vent/drain plug and vent/drain bushing for leaks.

2-9
Short Pipe Type HF Adapter
(1)Parts name and composition
Fig.2-9 shows the structure of the short pipe type HF adapter, and the names of each part.

Fig. 2-9. Short Pipe Type HF Adapter

(2) Installation dimensions

Refer to the dimensional drawing in the specification sheet or approval drawing for the
dimensions of the short pipe type HF adapter.

(3) Materials required for installation

Prepare the following materials to install the short pipe type HF adapter. (see Fig.2-9)
- Threaded rods
- Hex nuts
- Gasket

(4) Installation procedure

1) Fix the HF adapter to the transmitter.

Make sure that the HF adapter is fixed firmly to the diaphragm base of the transmitter with
four sets of bolts/nuts. Also make sure that the gasket is set within the gasket groove. When
screwing in the hex bolts apply anti seizing grease to the threads.
Recommended tightening torque for hex bolts : 20±2 N·m
Refer to figure on right for tightening order.

2) Attach to customer's piping flange.

Fig. 2-9shows an example of mounting the HF adapter to the piping flange.
For details on installation of the remote sealed transmitter, refer to Section 2-2-5.

2-10
Integrated Flange Type HF Adapter
(1) Parts name and composition
Fig. 2-10shows the structure of the integrated flange type HF adapter, and the names of each
part.

Fig. 2-10. Integrated Flange Type HF Adapter

(2) Installation dimensions
Refer to the dimensional drawing in the specification sheet or approval drawing for the
dimensions of the integrated flange type HF adapter.

(3) Materials required for installation

Prepare the following materials to install the integrated flange type HF adapter.
- Gasket
- Stud bolts and nuts (if the attached carbon steel ones do not suit the customer’s needs)

(4) Installation procedure

1) Fix the HF adapter to the transmitter.
Make sure that the HF adapter is fixed firmly to the diaphragm base of the transmitter with
four sets of bolts/nuts. Make sure that the gasket is set within the gasket groove. When
screwing in the hex bolts apply anti seizing grease to the threads.
Recommended tightening torque for hex bolts: 20±2 N·m
Refer to figure on right for tightening order.
2) Screw in the stud bolts.
Beware of the direction of the stud bolt. The side with the shorter screw
is the side that is screwed into the HF adapter. Tighten by hand until the
shoulder of the unthreaded part of the stud bolt touches the HF adapter.
Note: The material of the attached stud bolt is carbon steel. If a different material is required,
please prepare separately
3) Attach to customer's piping flange.
Insert the protruding stud bolts into the holes of the piping flange. Do not forget to put the
gasket in between.
• Centering the gasket is important as to prevent leaks.
• It is recommended to hold the HF adapter with two people as they may get heavy.
• The length of the attached stud bolts is determined according to usage of a gasket of
standard thickness. If the length is not enough, prepare stud bolts with an appropriate
length.

2-11
 • For details on installation of the remote sealed transmitter, refer to Section 2-2-5.
4) Tighten the nuts.
Follow applicable standards when tightening the nuts.
Example) ASME PCC-1 - Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly
or JIS B 2251 Bolt Tightening Procedure for Pressure Boundary Flanged Joint Assembly
Note: The material of the attached nut is carbon steel. If a different material is required, please
prepare separately.

To remove the HF adapter, reverse the assembly procedure.

Precautions
• Take extra care when assembling the nuts. If it is not tightened correctly, it may lead to
leakage of the process fluid. After lightly tightening for the first pass, firmly tighten to the
appropriate torque. If time allows, re-tighten after 4 hours or more to prevent preload loss.
• Apply anti seizing grease to the threads. If nuts get stuck, replace both the stud bolt and nut.
• The width across flats of the vent plug hexagon head is 8mm. Use proper tools and be
careful not to wear out the hexagon head.

CAUTION
Do not insert the stud bolt upside down. It may result in insufficient thread length when
fixing the nuts.

2-12
Removal and Re-Assembly of the Diaphragm Base from the HF Adapter

Here is an example of removing the diaphragm base from a ¾ inch HF adapter and attaching
it to a 2inch HF adapter.

1) Remove the 4 hex bolts, the diaphragm base, and gasket. Be careful not to touch the
diaphragm surface while doing so.

Fig. 2-11. Removing the diaphragm base from the HF Adapter

2)To re-assemble, attach the diaphragm base in the reverse order of removal.

Fig. 2-12. Re-assembling the diaphragm base to the HF Adapter

• Do not forget to insert the gasket. Also, be sure to use a new gasket.
• Tighten the hex bolts in the order shown on the figure on right.
• Recommended tightening torque of hexagon bolt: 20±2 N·m
• If necessary, apply anti-seizing grease to the thread of the hex bolt.
• Make sure that the vent/drain plug is closed before re-starting operation.

2-13
 Precautions When Using the Vent/Drain Plug

Both types of HF adapters have a built-in vent/drain valve. The vent/drain valve consists of the
vent/drain plug and vent/drain bushing. Here are some precautions when using this valve.

Fig. 2-13. Detailed view of vent/drain plug and vent/drain bushing

CAUTION
When loosening the vent plug, be aware of the direction in which the process fluid will be
released. Do not look in and put your head close.
After removing the internal pressure, be sure to re-tighten the vent/drain plug. Forgetting
to do so will result in process fluid leakage.

Regularly check the vent/drain plug and vent/drain bushing for leaks.

2-14
2-2-7. Using the Flushing Ring (Model DV)

Function and structure

This chapter describes the function and configuration of the optional flushing ring for the
remote seal type transmitters (Models GTX_ _R, GTX_ _U, GTX_ _S) and flange type
transmitters (Model GTX_ _F). If you are a first-time user of the flushing ring, read this
section to understand the basics.
1)Function of the flushing ring
By sandwiching the flushing ring between the flanged connection type transmitter and the
mating process flange, the vent/drain valve can be accessed without removing the process
flange during adjustment and maintenance.

Fig. 2-14. Example of Typical Flushing Ring

2)Name and composition of each part

The flushing ring consists of a ring, a vent/drain plug, and a vent/drain bushing. Fig.2-15
shows the structure and name of each part.

Fig. 2-15. Flushing Ring Components

• Ring
Used by sandwiching it between the diaphragm base of the transmitter and the mating
process flange.
• Vent/drain plug, vent/drain bushing
Used when removing drain or venting pressure. (See Fig. 2-13 for details)

Installing Instructions
This section explains the installation of the flushing ring, piping method and other important
matters. In order to properly use the flushing ring, install it according to the conditions
described below.
1) Installation site selection
Choose the location of the flushing ring according to the following conditions.
• If there is a possibility of the process fluid to freeze, take heat insulation measures.
• Select a location with the least impact and vibration.
• Avoid installing in a corrosive atmosphere.
2) Installation dimensions

2-15
 Refer to the dimensional drawing in the specification sheet or approval drawing for the
dimensions of the flushing ring.

3) Materials required for installation

Prepare the following materials to install the short pipe type HF adapter.
• Threaded rods
• Hex nuts
• Gasket

4) Installation procedure

WARNING
Do not use this device for fluids such as toxic gas that may result in harmful physical risks
due to minute leaks.
During installation, make sure that the gasket does not stick out at the connection with
the process. There is a risk that the process fluid will leak out and may result in burns or
other injuries.
Close the vent/drain plug during operation. There is a risk that the process fluid will leak
out and may result in burns or other injuries.
If the process fluid contains toxic substances, take safety measures such as wearing
goggles and masks to prevent contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation.

CAUTION
Use both hands to when carrying this instrument. If dropped, it may cause injuries or may
damage the instrument.
The protection cover for the sealing surface is not a gasket. Failing to remove it before
installing may result in leakage of the process fluid.

Install the transmitter and flushing ring according to 2-2-8.

• Be sure to install the flushing ring so that the vent/drain plugs are in a vertical position.
• Prepare the correct size parts (threaded rods, nuts, gaskets) according to the process flange.
Consider the port diameter, pressure rating, operating temperature, etc. when selecting.
• Tighten the nuts evenly and firmly to prevent leakage.

Fig. 2-16. Example of flushing ring installation

2-16
2-2-8. Direct Mounting
The direct mount GTX can be installed directly on the pipe (direct mounting), on a 2 inch
pipe using the optional mounting brackets, or on a wall, also using the brackets.

CAUTION
Do not use the direct mount GTX transmitter as a foothold, or for any other improper
purpose.
Doing so may result in damage to equipment and/or physical damage.
For taper threaded connection, use sealing tape to prevent leakage.
For straight threaded connection be sure to use the gasket included with the transmitter.
When screwing the transmitter to the connecting pipe, do not tighten it holding the
housing of the transmitter.
Always use wrenches and hold the hex-head part of the transmitter. (See Fig. 2-17)
Avoid installing the transmitter upside down. Doing so may cause debris to fill inside the
transmitter and be the cause of inaccurate measurements.
Make sure the process pressure does not exceed the maximum allowed temperature. If
necessary, use siphons or other measures to lower the temperature at the wetted parts of
the transmitter.
When measuring liquids, take measures to keep the process fluid from freezing. Install the
transmitter in a location where there is no excessive impact, vibration, or pressure.
Screwing on the transmitter to a connecting pipe filled with liquid may damage the
transmitter.
(See Fig. 2-17)

Fig. 2-17. Installation precaution 1

2-17
Fig. 2-18. Installation precaution 2

2-18
2-2-9. P
 recautions when attaching the FEP protective film (Models GTX _ _R, GTX _ _U,
GTX _ _F)
• This film is used for protection against slurry or other sticky fluids, or for applications
that are not compatible to metallic diaphragms touching the process fluid, such as in the
semiconductor market.
• Be careful not to overtighten the FEP protective film as it may be damaged.
• If the zero output shifts significantly when attached to the process flange, it may be due to
excessive grease or misalignment of the gasket. Check the installation conditions.
Temperature range: 0 to 110°C
Pressure range: Atmospheric pressure to pressure limits of flange rating
Flange rating: Up to JIS10K, ANSI150#, or JPI150#
(Not to be used in negative pressure)

Before installing the instrument to the process flange, carry out the following procedures.
1. Hold transmitter so diaphragm of pressure receiving flange faces upwards.
2. Apply approximately 10grams of grease (1/4 of the whole tube) to the metal diaphragm and
sealing face.
3. Spread the grease evenly so that it is flattened to approximately 0.5mm in thickness.

Metal Diaphragm
Grease

Flange

Fig. 2-19. Applying grease

CAUTIONS
Do not inflict excessive force while spreading. May deform diaphragm.
Do not let any bubbles remain.

3. Fit the protective film over the diaphragm. To prevent any remaining air. Hold one side up
while quietly fitting in from other side.

FEP Protective Film

(Thickness: 0.4mm)

Fig. 2-20. Attaching protective film

CAUTIONS
Make sure to completely fit the protective film to metal diaphragm
Do not let the convoluted surface of protective film to bulge.

2-19
4. Make sure no air remains between diaphragm and protective film. Squeeze out any
remaining air by pushing with fingers from the center towards the rim. (Fig. 2-21)
* Remaining air can be the cause of output errors.

Fig. 2-21. Removing excessive grease

5. Hold gasket to pressure receiving flange and fix the transmitter to the process flange.
Adequate clamping torque of bolt and nut is shown on Table 2-3.

Table 2-3. Clamping Torque (for reference)

Flange Rating Clamping Torque (N•m)

JIS 10K 80A 45

JIS 10K 50A 30

JIS 10K 40A 20

ANSI/JPI 150# 3” 45

ANSI/JPI 150# 2” 28

ANSI/JPI 150# 1-1/2” 20

CAUTION
Torque values are for reference. Tighten with appropriate torque according to type of
gasket.
ALL bolts should be clamped with equal torque.

6. If the operation is hindered by a fluctuation of the zero output, collect the zero-point data
before and after tightening the flange using the communicator, etc. Confirm the difference
is within 0.1 kPa. If the fluctuation range of the error is large, remove the transmitter from
the flange and check that the protective film is attached correctly.

CAUTION
Applying grease to the film so that the fluctuation of the zero point is small requires
considerable skill. If you have trouble in applying the grease, please confront our service
staff.

2-20
2-2-10. Direct Mounting Kit (Model GTX _ _ R)
The direct mounting kit is a mounting kit (adapters, tube clamps) for remote seal type
transmitters. It enables tank level instrumentation to be carried out easily. Using the direct
mounting kit alleviates the need to attach the transmitter body to a stanchion. In addition,
Azbil's proprietary sealed liquid temperature compensation feature and capillary tubes, which
are included standard with the remote seal type transmitter, can be wired in a methodical
manner, and satisfactory temperature characteristics can be attained.

Transmitter Side
Flange
Tank

Capillary Tubes

Tube Clamps

Protective Pipe

Adapter

Transmitter Side
Flange
Fig. 2-22. Direct Mounting Kit Installation Example

Fig. 2-23. Direct Mount Attachment Kit

(1) Compatible Models

GTX_ _ R general-purpose sealed liquid
Cannot be combined with high-temperature model, high-temperature vacuum model, or
high-temperature high-vacuum model.

2-21
(2) Attachment Overview
(i) Attachment dimensions
Fig. 2-24 shows the adapter assembly attached to the process side, and Fig. 2-25 shows the
appearance and length of the adapter in the attachment kit.

Protective Pipe

Remote Seal Type Differential

Pressure Transmitter
Adapter

Process Side

Adapter Fastening Bolts

Transmitter Side Flange

Process Side
Flange

Fig. 2-24. Adapter Assembly

(Units: mm)

64

Fig. 2-25. Adapter Appearance

(ii) Attachment location

Refer to the important notes regarding general-purpose installation conditions in section 2-2-
5.

(iii) Attachment method

(1) Check that the adapter is attached to the transmitter. Confirm that the adapter is firmly
attached to the transmitter with four bolts.

Remote Seal Type

Adapter Fastening
Differential
Bolts
Pressure Transmitter
Adapter

Fig. 2-26. Adapter Attachment

2-22
(2) Attachment of the transmitter side flange only to the process side flange
First, attach the desired transmitter side flange to the process side flange. For information
regarding flange attachment, see section 2-2-5. The transmitter can be attached to either
the high pressure or low pressure flange.

Fig. 2-27. Process Side Flange Attachment 1

(3) Attachment transmitter-adapter assembly to the flange

Using four fastening bolts, securely fasten the transmitter, which was attached to the
adapter in (1), to the transmitter side flange which was attached in (2).

Protective Pipe

Remote Seal Type Differential

Pressure Transmitter
Adapter

Process Side

Adapter Fastening Bolts

Transmitter Side Flange

Process Side
Flange

Fig. 2-28. Attachment to the Transmitter Side Flange

2-23
 CAUTION
If a capillary tube, bent back as shown in Fig. 2-30, is placed higher than the lower flange
of the process, the tank internal pressure must be at least as high as the atmospheric
pressure. Accordingly, if the tank internal pressure becomes lower than the atmospheric
pressure, the bent-back capillary tube must be lower than the lower flange of the process.
If the capillaries extend upward relative to the horizontal plane, be sure to use capillary
tubes with an olefin coating. If the capillary tubes do not have an olefin coating, there is a
risk that rainwater will accumulate inside the protective pipe of the extended portion of
the capillaries, causing corrosion.

(3) Attachment Examples for Different Process Conditions

Tank Internal Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Tank Internal Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure,
Tank Lower Portion Attachment Tank Upper Portion Attachment
With Capillary Tube Olefin Coating With Capillary Tube Olefin Coating

Tank Internal Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Tank Internal Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure,
Tank Lower Portion Attachment Tank Upper Portion Attachment
Capillary Tube Without Olefin Coating Capillary Tube Without Olefin Coating
Fig. 2-29. Attachment Example (1)

2-24
 Tank Internal Pressure: Vacuum
(lower than atmospheric pressure)

Fig. 2-30. Attachment Example (2)

* For attachment to a sealed tank, see section 2-2-5 "Remote seal mounting"

2-25
2-3. Piping Advanced Transmitter

Summary
The actual piping arrangement will vary depending upon the process measurement
requirements and the transmitter model. Except for flanged and remote diaphragm seal
connections, process connections are made to 1/4 inch or 1/2 inch NPT female connections
in the process head of the transmitter’s meter body. For example, a differential pressure
transmitter comes with double ended process heads with 1/4 inch NPT connections but they
can be modified to accept 1/2 inch NPT through optional flange adapters.

The most common type of pipe used is 1/2 inch schedule 80 steel pipe.
Many piping arrangements use a three-valve manifold to connect the process piping to the
transmitter. A manifold makes it easy to install and remove a transmitter without interrupting
the process. It also accommodates the installation of blow-down valves to clear debris from
pressure lines to the transmitter.

Fig. 2-31 shows a diagram of a typical piping arrangement using a three-valve manifold and
blow-down lines for a differential pressure transmitter being used to measure flow.

To Downstream Tap To Upstream Tap

3-Valve
Drain Manifold Drain
Valve Valve

To Low Pressure To High Pressure

Side of Transmitter Side of Transmitter

To Waste To Waste

Fig. 2-31. Typical 3-Valve Manifold and Blow-Down Piping Arrangement.

2-26
Process connections
Table 2-4 describes typical process connections for a given type of transmitter.

Table 2-4. Process Connections

Transmitter type Process Connection

Differential Pressure Process heads with 1/4 inch NPT internal thread
connection.
Flange adapters and manifolds with 1/2 inch internal
thread connections are optional.

Gauge Pressure Process head with 1/2 inch NPT internal thread
connection.
Process heads with 1/4 inch NPT internal thread
connection. (GTX_ _G)
Flange adapters and manifolds with 1/2 inch internal
thread connections are optional (GTX_ _G)

Absolute Pressure Process heads with 1/2 inch NPT internal thread
connection (GTX_ _A)

Flange Mounted Liquid Level 1.5. 2 or 3 inches flange with flush or 2, 3 or 4 inches
extended diaphragm on high pressure side.
Reference side has standard differential pressure process
head.

Remote Diaphragm Seals See Model Selection Guide for description of available
Flanged, Button-diaphragm (G1·1/2), and Wafer type
process connections.

Gauge Pressure 1/2 inch NPT internal thread

(Direct Mount) 1/2 inch NPT external thread
Rc1/2 internal thread
R1/2 external thread
M20 × 1.5 external thread
G1/2 external thread

2-27
Installing flange Adapter
Table 2-4 gives the steps for installing an optional flange adapter on the process head.
Slightly deforming the gasket supplied with the adapter before you insert it into the adapter
may aid in retaining the gasket in the groove while you align the adapter to the process head.
To deform the gasket, submerse it in hot water for a few minutes then firmly press it into its
recessed mounting groove in the adapter.

Table 2-5. Installing Adapter Flange

Step Action

1 Carefully seat PTFE (white) gasket into adapter groove.

2 Thread adapter onto 1/2 inch process pipe and align mounting holes in adapter
with holes in end of process head as required.

3 Secure adapter to process head

by hand tightening 7/16-20
UNF hexhead bolts.
Example-Installing adapter on
Process
process head
Head

ATTENTION
Apply an anti-seize compound
PTFE Gasket
on the stainless steel bolts prior
to threading them into the
Adapter Flange
process head.
7/16 X 20 UNF Bolts

4 Evenly tighten adapter bolts to the following torque;

Adapter material CS/SS CS/SS PVC

Bolt material Carbon steel 304SST Carbon steel

(SNB7)/ (SNB7)/
SS630 304SST

Torque N•m 20 ±1 10 ±0.5 7 ±0.5

2-28
2-3-1. Piping for Liquid, Gas or Steam Flow Rate Measurement

Recommended Piping - Example 1

The illustration shows a typical example for liquid Flow Rate Measurement. This Differential
pressure transmitter is located below the differential pressure output port of the process pipe.
This minimizes the static head effect of the condensate.

The following apply:

Grade the pipe at the differential pressure output part.
Inclination symbol in illustration: Low level High level
After piping work, ensure that the connecting pipe, the 3-way manifold valve, and the
transmitter have no pressure leak.

Orifice Differential pressure output port

Main valve

Inclination
Gasvent valve

Inclination
Inclination
High-pressure side
Orifice Differential pressure output port
Low-pressure side
Main valve

Inclination
Tee
Gasvent valve
3-way
manifold valve

Inclination
Inclination
High-pressure side
Vent / Drain plug
Low-pressure side

Drain valve

Drain valve

Fig. 2-32. Piping for Liquid Flow Rate Measurement - Example

This transmitter is located underneath the differential pressure output port of the process
pipe.

2-29
Recommended Piping - Example 2
The illustration shows a typical example for Gas Flow Rate Measurement. This Differential
pressure transmitter is located above the differential pressure output port of the process pipe.
The condensate drains away from the transmitter.

The following apply:

Grade the pipe at the differential pressure output part.
Inclination symbol in illustration: Low level High level

After piping work, ensure that the connecting pipe, check for pressure leaks around the 3-way
manifold valve, and the transmitter.

Differential pressure output port

Orifice

Main valve
Inclination
Gas vent plug

3-way manifold valve

High pressure side

Inclination

Low pressure side

Orifice Differential pressure output port Vent / Drain plug

Main valve

Inclination

Gas
vent plug

Inclination High pressure side

Tee

Low pressure side

Fig. 2-33. Piping for Gas Flow Rate Measurement - Example

This transmitter is located above the differential pressure output port of the process pipe.

2-30
 Recommended Piping - Example 3
The illustration shows a typical example for Steam Flow Rate Measurement. Recommended
for a Differential pressure transmitter located below the differential pressure output port of the
process pipe.

The following apply:

Grade the pipe at the differential pressure output part.
Inclination symbol in illustration: Low level High level

After piping work, ensure that the connecting pipe, the 3-way manifold valve, and the
transmitter have no pressure leaks.

If the process pipe is vertically mounted, mount seal pots at different levels to prevent zero
drift. But in this case, you cannot apply the previously-used zero adjustment procedure
(using a 3-way manifold valve). For zero shift occurring at different levels, use a HART
communicator.

Orifice Differential pressure output port

Main valve

Inclination
Seal pot

Inclination
Inclination
High-pressure side
Orifice Differential pressure output port
Low-pressure side
Main valve

Inclination
Seal pot Tee

3-way
manifold valve

Inclination
Inclination
High-pressure side
Vent / Drain plug
Low-pressure side

Drain valve

Drain valve

Fig. 2-34. Piping for Steam Flow Rate Measurement - Example

This transmitter is located under the differential pressure output port of the process pipe.

2-31
2-3-2. Pressure Measurement - Piping

Recommended piping - Example

For gas-pressure measurement, piping should be performed following the typical example
shown here. Always observe these points:

After completing piping work, check for pressure leaks around connecting pipe and
transmitter.

Gas vent plug Gas vent plug

Tee Tee

Process pipe Process pipe

Main valve Main valve

Local valve Local valve

Drain valve
Drain valve

Vent / Drain plug

Vent / Drain plug

GTX_ _ D Type Transmitter GTX_ _ G, GTX_ _ A Type Transmitter

Fig. 2-35. Gas Pressure Measurement - Piping

Piping method
The piping method for the fluid to be measured depends on the meter installation position
and the pipe line state. Typical examples of piping are shown in Fig. 2-36.

Connect pipes by the following procedure:

(1) Use a T-shaped joint for the connecting pipeline.
(2) Install a main valve between the entrance of the connecting pipe and the T-shaped joint.
(3) If the process is a horizontal line, tilt the pipe to allow draining from the pressure line.
Note : In case of a high pressure process, select a joint of appropriate specifications and
shape and a pipe of appropriate shape and material with care.

2-32
(4) Determine the connecting pipe schedule number and the nominal thickness of the
connecting pipe from the process based on conditions such as the process pressure.

Capacitor

Main valve Main valve

Process Process
Local valve Local valve
Drain valve Drain valve

A. Liquid C. Moist gas

Local valve

Drain valve
Local valve

Siphon
Drain valve
Main valve Main valve

Process Process

B. Dry gas D. Steam

Fig. 2-36. Example of Piping

Auxiliary equipment
(1) Oil sealing and air purging
If the pressure medium (such as suspension, high viscosity, and corrosive fluid) should not
be led directly to the element, avoid it by means of sealing or purging. Various sealing and
purging methods are available. Consult us for each case.

(2) Preventing pulsations

If the process has serious pulsations or great pressure fluctuations, provide a throttle valve in
the middle of the connecting pipe to prevent pulsations.

2-33
 Fig. 2-37. Example of direct mounting

When mounting the transmitter directly onto the process line, takeinto consideration the
weight, temperature at wetted part, and vibration. If necessary, use the optional bracket for
reinforcement.

2-34
2-3-3. Liquid Level Measurement - Piping (GTX_ _D/GTX_ _G)

Piping

Introduction
For measurement by GTX_ _D type of liquid level in a tank, the piping method depends on
whether the tank is open or closed. For closed tanks, piping is modified according to whether
you use the gas sealing method (dry leg) or the liquid sealing method (wet leg).

H mark
H indicating high pressure is marked on the center body of this transmitter. Check the mark
during piping work. The low-pressure side has no mark.

Low-pressure side High-pressure side

Fig. 2-38. H mark on center body

CAUTION
If the nameplate indicates that the suppression is larger then 1/2 of the span, “H” is etched
on the bottom left of the transmitter as viewed from the front. In this case, connect
the high-pressure side of the process piping to the port on the right of the transmitter
(without “H”) as viewed from the front.

Example:
Range: -50 to 20 kPa
Suppression = 50 kPa, Span = 70 kPa

Since the suppression is larger than 1/2 of the span (50 > 70/2 = 35), “H” is etched on the
bottom left of the transmitter as viewed from the front. The connection port for the high-
pressure side of the process piping is on the right side.

2-35
 Before your start
The following parts are requirements for piping work. Refer to illustration.
• 3-way manifold valve
• Pipe
• Main valve
• Union or flange
• Tee
• Drain valve
• Drain plug
• Seal pot (for closed tank and wet-leg only)

Open Tank - Piping

Recommended piping - Example

For open tanks, connect the high-pressure side of this transmitter to the lower part of the tank.
Open the low-pressure side to the air.

After completing piping work, check for pressure leaks around the connecting pipe, the
transmitter, and the 3-way manifold valve. The illustration shows a typical installation.

Connect the high-pressure side of this transmitter to the lower part of the tank. Install this
transmitter below the lowest liquid level to be measured.

Open tank
Open tank
Liquid level
Liquid level

Main valve
Main valve

3-way
manifold valve
Tee
Tee

Drain valve
Drain valve
Vent / Drain plug

Vent / Drain plug

Fig. 2-39. Open Tank - Piping Example

2-36
Closed Tank - Piping

Recommended piping for dry leg - Example

When using the dry-leg method, connect the high-pressure side of the transmitter to the lower
part of the tank. Connect the low-pressure side to the gas-sealing pipe of the tank.

After completing piping work, check for pressure leaks around the connecting pipe, the
transmitter, and the 3-way manifold valve. The following shows a typical installation.

Always connect the high-pressure side of this transmitter to the lower part of the tank. Install
this transmitter below the lowest liquid level to be measured.

Main valve
Gas vent plug

Liquid level

Tee Gas vent plug

Main valve

High-pressure side
Tee
Low-pressure side

Tee 3-way
manifold valve

Drain valve Vent / Drain plug

Drain valve

Fig. 2-40. Closed Tank - Piping (Dry-leg Sealing Example)

2-37
 Recommended piping for wet leg - Example
When using the wet-leg method, connect the high-pressure side of the transmitter to the
sealing pipe of the tank. Connect the low-pressure side to the lower part of the tank.

After completing piping work, check for pressure leaks around the connecting pipe, the
transmitter, and the 3-way manifold valve. The illustration shows a typical installation.

Be sure to connect the low-pressure side of this transmitter to the lower part of the tank.

Install this transmitter below the lowest liquid level to be measured.

Main valve

Seal pot

Liquid level

Main valve
Gas vent plug

High pressure side

Low pressure side

Drain valve
Drain valve

Vent / Drain plug

Fig. 2-41. Closed Tank - Piping (Wet-leg Sealing Example)

2-38
ATTENTION
For liquid or steam, the piping should slope a minimum of 25.4 mm (1 inch) per 305 mm
(1 foot). Slope the piping down towards the transmitter if the transmitter is below the
process connection so the bubbles may rise back into the piping through the liquid. If the
transmitter is located above the process connection, the piping should rise vertically above
the transmitter, then slope down towards the flowline with a vent valve at the high point. For
gas measurement, use a condensate leg and drain at the low point (freeze protection may be
required here).

2-39
2-4. Wiring Advanced Transmitter

2-4-1. Wiring for Transmitter -- Regular Model

Introduction
Following wiring instructions when no explosion-proof standards apply. Wire and cable this
transmitter as shown in the illustrations.

DC Power Supply
24V Blanking plug
- +
-
Receiving
instrument +

Earth Screw

Fig. 2-42. Wiring for transmitter without Alarm output

DC Power Supply
24V
- +
-
Receiving
instrument +

This line should be connected to ground.

Earth Screw

Diode(For inductive load)

- +
DC Power Supply
30V Max Alarm load
30mA Max

Fig. 2-43. Wiring for transmitter with Alarm output

2-40
Note : 1. External load resistance of at least 250Ω required for communications with an
HART communicator. If total load resistance of the receiving instrument is less than
250Ω, insert the necessary resistance to the loop.
2. In using Azbil Corporation’s field type indicator (Model NWS300, Model
NWA300), please consult us.
3. A blanking plug may not be used on the adapter or elbow.
4. Current cannot checked for a transmitter with alarm contact output.
5. Use a power supply with overcurrent protection for the product.

Cable Specification
Use standard lead wires or cables that are the same as, or better than 600V grade PVC
insulated wires.

Standard Models or Explosionproof Models

Use wiring rated for at least 5 deg.C higher than ambient temperature.

Intrinsically Safe Models

Use wiring rated for at least 10 deg.C higher than ambient temperature.

Conduit pipe for cables

Lead cables into the transmitter case, as follows:
Mount a conduit pipe in the conduit hole (1/2NPT female thread) provided on the side of a
transmitter, and lead cables through the pipe.
Seal the part that contacts with the conduit pipe. Use a sealing agent or a seal plug to prevent
entry of water.
Install transmitter so that the cables lead into it, from the bottom.

2-41
Grounding
If a shielded cable is used, earth (ground) the shield at the receiver only (single point ground).
Connecting the shield to signal ground is recommended to make the electric potential
difference lower.
If the transmitter is not grounded through a pipe stanchion, ground the transmitter using an
earth terminal in the transmitter.
To ground the transmitter, the ground resistance must be 100Ω or lower.

External Earthing or Bonding Connection

The connection of the earthing or equipotential bonding conductor with the external
grounding terminal must comply with the following method.

Fig. 2-44. External Grounding or Bonding Connection

Supply power and external load resistance

Confirm the relationship between the external load resistance and the supply voltage. As
shown in the illustration, the relationship should be inside the shaded area.

External resistance: the total resistance connected to the output terminals of a transmitter
(includes resistances of all cables in the loop plus the internal resistance of the instruments).

2-42
The horizontal axis represents the supply voltage of a transmitter, and vertical axis represents
the external load resistance

1482

1345
Load resistance (Ω)

Operative limit
Load resistance (Ω)
Supply voltage - 12.5
=
0.0219

Operating Range
245

0 12.5 17.9 42 45
Supply voltage (V DC)

Fig. 2-45. Supply Voltage and External Load Resistance - Relationship

Note : 1. 45 volt operation is permitted.
2. For communication with HART communicator, a load resistance of 250 Ω or more
is needed.

Summary
For wiring the transmitter, you simply connect the positive (+) and negative (-) loop wires
to the positive (+) and negative (-) signal terminals on the terminal block in the transmitter’s
electronics housing as shown in Fig. 2-46.

Electronics
Housing

Terminal
Block

Fig. 2-46. Advanced Transmitter Terminal Block.

2-43
2-44
Chapter 3. Operation of the Transmitter
CAUTION
If the transmitter uses SFN communication while the process is in the automatic control
state, the output may fluctuate, and the device may enter a dangerous operating state.
Before performing this operation, be sure to switch the control loop of the process to
manual control.

In this chapter, the following items will be described.

• Connecting a Communicator (Field Communication Software(Model CFS100), HART
Communicator, etc.) to this Device
• Verifying Settings such as the Required Tag Number, the Output Format of this Device,
etc., during Receiving Inspection
• Preparations before Measurement
• Starting and Stopping Measurement
• Items Necessary when Stopping this Device for Maintenance and Replacement

For information regarding communicator usage, see the operation manual for the relevant device.
Document title No.
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) User‘s Manual CM2-CFS100-2001
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction CM2-CFS100-2003
Manual(HART 5)
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction CM2-CFS100-2013
Manual(HART 7)
Advanced Transmitter HART Communicator Operation CM2-GTX000-2002
Manual(HART 5)
Advanced Transmitter HART Communicator Operation CM2-GTX000-2003
Manual(HART 7)
Before connecting to this device, be sure to read the operation manual carefully.
3-1. Preparation

3-1-1. Connecting communicator

You connect the communicator directly to signal terminals on the transmitter’s terminal block
or at any location in the 4 to 20 mA loop. (Polarity of the communicator connection does not
matter)

Field Communication Software(Model CFS100)

24V DC
power Communications
supply cable
- + Red lead
Black lead
Receiver

-
+
250

Fig. 3-1.

3-1
3-2. Settings Confirmation
Confirm that the settings required for operation are set correctly.

(1) Tag Number Setting

Confirm that it is the tag number specified in advance. When changing the tag number,
confirm that the specifications for this device are compatible with the installation location.

(2) Output Format Settings

WARNING
In order to detach the terminal block with integrated indicator devices, refer to Chapter
4 and exercise sufficient care when opening the case cover. When using the product in a
hazardous area, do not open its case cover. There is a risk of explosion, etc.

CAUTION
T ake sufficient care when specifying the output formats. In particular, if the fail-safe setting
and the hardware write protection setting are specified incorrectly, the device can enter a
dangerous operating state.
Take sufficient care when when changing the hardware write protection setting.
Removing write protection makes it possible for the settings of this device to be changed
erroneously, and as a result, for the device to enter a dangerous operating state.

• Output format
Enables selection of “Linear / Square Root.”
• Cutoff
Output will be cut off when the flow rate is low. Sets the threshold value for that cutoff.
• Dropout
Selects whether to make the output zero or make it linear during output cutoff.
• Flow rate mode
Selects whether to take the square root in the positive direction only or in both directions.
• Burnout direction
Indicates the behavior of the output during major failures. Switch by S2 on Fig. 3-2.
Hi (H side): Output swings to the high limit (21.6 mA).
Low (L side): Output swings to the low limit (3.6 mA).
If optional specifications (special burnout) are selected, the low
limit will be 3.2 mA.
None: Output continues.
• Burnout On/Off
Enables selection of burnout On/Off. Switch by S3 on Fig. 3-2.
On (E side): Device behaves according to burnout direction setting.
Off (D side): Burnout direction setting is ignored, and the device continues to
output measurement results.
• Output limit setting
Except during burnout, the output current can be restricted to limit values which set the
output current range.

3-2
Table 3-1. Setting Range for Output Limits
Lower Limit Upper Limit
B/O DOWN B/O UP
Current Current
Electricity
3.6mA 21.6mA 3.2mA or less 21.6mA or greater
Specification
Note : Setting range for variable saturation point of output.
12mA ≤ Upper output limit ≤ 21.6mA
3.6mA ≤ Lower output limit <12mA
• Constant current output
In constant current mode, output is held constant between 4 and 20 mA. This can be used
for loop tests and the like.
• Write Protection
This is a function for protecting the device's settings. When this function is enabled, the
device's settings cannot be changed. There are two types of write protection: hardware-
based protection and software-based protection.

[Hardware Write Protection]

Switching the write protect ON and OFF can be executed with the slide switch (S1) on the
electronics module.
Protect ON: Slide the slide switch (S1) to the ON side.
Protect OFF: Slide the slide switch (S1) to the OFF side.
OFF ON

Switch (S1) (S2) (S3)

Fig. 3-2.

3-3
[Software Write Protection]
For information regarding software write protection, see the operation manual for the
communicator.
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual (HART5) CM2-CFS100-2003
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual (HART7) CM2-CFS100-2013
HART Communicator Operation Manual (HART5) CM2-GTX000-2002
HART Communicator Operation Manual (HART7) CM2-GTX000-2003

(3) Indicator Settings

The settings for display format (linear / square root) and display units (% / real pressure/
engineering unit scale) of the indicators can be checked. “Real pressure” displays actual
measured values in the selected pressure units.
“Engineering unit scale” displays values for flow rate, level, etc., in the specified scale and
units. If engineering unit scale is set, EULO (value at 0% output) and EUHI (value as 100%
output) are set as well. With engineering unit scale, units can be selected or, alternatively,
arbitrarily defined units can be displayed.

(4) Damping Time Constant Setting

The values which can be specified for the damping time are as follows.
During SFN communication:
0, 0.16, 0.32, 0.48, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 (unit: seconds)
During HART communication:
Specify a value (to two decimal places) in the 0.00 - 128.00 second range.

Note : Transmitter responsiveness varies with each model. When replacing an instrument,
adjust the damping time constant as necessary so that it is appropriate for the
instrumentation loop.

3-4
3-3. Measurement with model GTX_ _D

3-3-1. Flow Rate Measurement

Preparation for Measurement

WARNING
• Make sure that the process is in the manual control mode.
If in automatic control mode, switch to manual control before starting the following
procedures.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.
• Always close the differential pressure output valve (main valve), the drain valve, the gas
vent plug (Refer to Fig. 2-32, Fig. 2-33 and Fig. 2-34) and the high pressure side and low
pressure side stop valves of the 3-way manifold valve. Also, open the equalizer valve of
the 3-way manifold valve.

Procedure 1
Lead process pressure into the pressure receiving part of the transmitter, using this procedure:

Step Description

1 Gradually open the main valves of both the high-pressure side and the low-
pressure side (Refer to Fig. 2-32 Fig. 2-33 and Fig. 2-34). Lead process fluid into the
connecting pipe.1

2 Fill with process fluid, the pressure-receiving part of the transmitter.

1. Gradually open the high pressure side stop valve. Close, after the pressure
receiving part has completely filled with process fluid.
2. Gradually open the low pressure side stop valve. Close, after the pressure
receiving part has completely filled with process fluid.

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

3-5
 Step Description

3 Decrease to zero, the differential pressure applied to the transmitter.

• Gradually open the high-pressure side stop valve to lead process pressure into the
pressure receiving part of the transmitter.
• In this state, equal pressure is applied to the high-pressure side and the low-pressure
side of the transmitter (equal pressure state).

4 Check for pressure leaks in the connecting pipe, the 3-way manifold valve, and
the transmitter.

Procedure 2
Perform zero-point calibration, using this procedure:
Zero point calibration by HART communicator operation
Check that the transmitters input is 0 kPa and its output is 0% at Online display. (Refer to
HART Communicator Operation Manual (HART5) CM2-GTX000-2002
HART Communicator Operation Manual (HART7) CM2-GTX000-2003
If the screen display is not 0 kPa perform zero-point calibration using this procedure.

CAUTION
If damping time constant is set to 0 sec. please adjust another value to keep the output
stable before calibration. (Refer to HART Communicator Operation Manual (HART5) CM2-
GTX000-2002
HART Communicator Operation Manual (HART7) CM2-GTX000-2003)

(Device) - (Calibration) - (Correct Input)

• Select “Zero Trim”.
• You will be warned to remove the loop from automatic control.
• After doing so, press OK.
• When prompted, adjust pressure source to apply pressure equal to zero, then press OK.
• When pressure is stable, press OK.

3-6
Starting Measurement

Procedure 3
Apply the differential pressure of the process by operating valves, using this procedure.
How to apply process pressure

Step Description

1 Ensure that the 3-way manifold valve is in the following state:

1. High-pressure side stop valve: Fully open
2. Low-pressure side stop valve: Fully closed
3. Equalizer valve: Fully open

2 1. Close the equalizer valve.

2. Open the low-pressure side stop valve gradually.

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

CAUTION
Securely close the cover of the transmitter case. Imperfect closure allows entry of water,
and may damage internal terminals as well as the electronics module. Such damage may
require parts replacement, possibly of the entire module.

• If input and output values do not match, check the range and recalibrate.
• If the displayed data value is unstable, adjust the damping time constant.

3-7
Stopping Measurement

Procedure
Stop the transmitter, using this procedure:

Step Description

1 Turn off the transmitter

2 Operate the 3-way manifold valve by the following procedure:

1. Close the low-pressure side stop valve.
2. Open the equalizer valve.
3. Close the high-pressure side stop valve

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

3 Close the main valves on the high and low pressure sides. Refer to Fig. 2-32,Fig.
2-33, and Fig. 2-34.

CAUTION
• If you plan to leave the transmitter OFF for a long period of time, always drain process
fluid from the connecting pipe and the pressure-receiving part.
• Leave the equalizer valve open.

3-8
3-3-2. Gas Pressure Measurement

Preparation for Measurement

WARNING
• Ensure that the process is in the manual control mode.
If the process is in automatic control mode, switch to manual before starting the
procedure.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.
• Close the differential pressure output valve (main valve), the local valve, the drain valve,
and the gas vent plug. Refer to “Fig. 2-35. Gas Pressure Measurement - Piping”.

How to measure gas pressure

Perform zero-point adjustment and introduce process pressure into the transmitter, using this
procedure:
• Zero-point adjustment

Step Description

1 Open both the high-pressure side and low-pressure side vent plugs and open the
pressure receiving part to the air.

2 Refer to procedure 2 on page 3-6. Perform zero-point calibration.

3 After completing zero-point calibration, close the high-pressure side vent plug.

3-9
Introducing process pressure and venting air

Step Description

1 1. Open the main valve (refer to “Fig. 2-35. Gas Pressure Measurement -
Piping”.) to introduce process pressure into the connecting pipe.
2. Open the local valve gradually, to introduce process pressure into the
pressure-receiving part of the transmitter.

2 1. Open the high-pressure side vent plug gradually, to vent air from the center
body.
2. After venting air, close the vent plug and the local valve.

Local valve

High-pressure side

Vent / Drain plug

3 Check for pressure leaks in the connecting pipe and the transmitter.

3-10
Starting Measurement

Procedure
Operate the valves using this procedure, to apply process pressure to the transmitter.
• How to apply process pressure

Step Description

1 Open the local valve gradually.

Local valve

High-pressure side

Vent / Drain plug

CAUTION
Securely close the cover of the transmitter case. Failure to do so will result in entry of
water, and cause damage to internal terminals and the electronics module.

• If input and output values fail to match, check the range and re-calibrate.
• If the displayed data value is unstable, adjust the damping time constant.

3-11
Stopping Measurement

Procedure
How to stop the transmitter

Step Description

1 Turn off the transmitter.

2 Close the local valve.

Local valve

High-pressure side

Vent / Drain plug

3 Close the main valve. (Refer to "Fig. 2-35. Gas Pressure Measurement - Piping".)

CAUTION
If you plan to leave the transmitter OFF for a long period of time, completely drain process
fluid from the connecting pipe, and from the pressure receiving part.

3-12
3-3-3. Liquid Level Measurement of Open Tank and Closed Tank (Dry Leg)

Preparation for Measurement

WARNING
• Place the process in the manual control mode.
If the process is in the automatic control mode, switch to manual before performing
work.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.
• Check that the differential pressure output valve (main valve), the drain valve, the gas
vent plug (refer to Fig. 2-39 and Fig. 2-40.) are closed, as well as the high pressure side
and low pressure side stop valves of the 3-way manifold valve. Also, make sure that the
equalizer valve of the 3-way manifold valve is open.

Calculating setting range

Calculate the setting range. Refer to “3-8. Set Range Calculation for Liquid Level
Measurement”.

Procedure
Perform zero-point adjustment and introduce process pressure into the transmitter by this
procedure:
Zero-point calibration

Step Description

1 Open the drain plugs and the stop valves of both the high-pressure side and the
low-pressure side. Open the pressure receiving part to the air.
If fluid remains in the pressure receiving part, blow it to drain.

2 Refer to procedure 2 in page 3-6 and perform zero-point calibration.

3 After completing zero-point calibration, close the high-pressure side drain plug
and the high-pressure side stop valve.

3-13
Introducing process pressure

Step Description

1 1. Open the main valve (refer to Fig. 2-39 and Fig. 2-40) to introduce process
pressure into the connecting pipe.
2. Open the high-pressure side stop valve gradually to introduce process
pressure. After introducing process pressure into the pressure receiving part of
the transmitter, close the high-pressure side stop valve.

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

2 Check for pressure leaks in the connecting pipe, the 3-way manifold valve, and
the transmitter.

3-14
Starting Measurement

Procedure
Operate the valves with this procedure, to apply the differential pressure of the process to the
transmitter.
How to apply process pressure

Step Description

1 Check that the 3-way manifold valve is in the following state:

1. High-pressure side stop valve: Fully closed
2. Low-pressure side stop valve: Fully open
3. Equalizer valve: Fully closed

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

2 1. Open the high-pressure side stop valve gradually.

CAUTION
Securely close the cover of the transmitter case. Failure to do so will result in entry of
water, and cause damage to internal terminals and the electronics module.

• If the input and output values do not match, check the range and recalibrate.
• If the displayed data value is unstable, adjust the damping time constant.

3-15
Stopping Measurement

Procedure
How to stop the transmitter
Step Description

1 Turn off the transmitter.

2 Operate the 3-way manifold valve using this procedure:

1. Close the low-pressure side stop valve.
2. Open the equalizer valve.
3. Close the high-pressure side stop valve.

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

3 Close the main valve. Refer to Fig. 2-39 and Fig. 2-40.

CAUTION
• If you plan to leave the transmitter OFF for a long period, drain process fluid from the
connecting pipe and the pressure receiving part.
• Leave the equalizer valve open.

3-16
3-3-4. Liquid Level Measurement of Closed Tank (Wet Leg)

Preparation for Measurement

WARNING
• Place the process in manual control mode.
If the process is in automatic control mode, change it to the manual control mode
before performing this work.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction of
discharge and take safety measures such as wearing gog- gles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.
• Make sure that the differential pressure output valve (main valve), the drain valve, the
gas vent plug (refer to Fig. 2-41. Closed Tank - Piping (Wet-leg Sealing Example)”.) and
the high pressure side and low pressure side stop valves of the 3-way manifold valve are
closed. Also, make sure that the equalizer valve of the 3-way manifold valve is open.

Calculating setting range

For the procedure for obtaining the setting range by calculation, refer to “3-8. Set Range
Calculation for Liquid Level Measurement”.

Procedure
Perform zero-point adjustment and introduce process pressure into the transmitter using this
procedure:
Zero-point calibration

Step Description

1 Feed sealing liquid from the seal pot to fill the connecting pipe with sealing
liquid.

2 Gradually open the stop valves of both the high-pressure side and the low-
pressure side, and the drain plugs, to fill the pressure receiving part of the
transmitter with sealing liquid.

3 When sealing liquid flows out from the drain plugs, close the stop valves of both
the high pressure side and the low pressure side and the drain plugs.
In this state, the same pressure is applied to the high pressure side and the low
pressure side of the transmitter (equal pressure state).

4 Referring to procedure 2 in page 3-6, perform zero point calibration.

5 After completing zero-point calibration, close the equalizer valve. Open the stop
valve and the drain plug of the low-pressure side to drain sealing liquid. Close
the stop valve and the drain plug of the low-pressure side.

3-17
 (Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

Introducing process pressure

Step Description

1 Open the main valve (Refer to “Fig. 2-41. Closed Tank - Piping (Wet-leg Sealing
Example)”.) to introduce process fluid into the connecting pipe.

2 Gradually open the low pressure side stop valve to introduce process fluid. After
introducing process fluid into the pressure receiving part of the transmitter, close
the low pressure side stop valve.

3 Make sure that the connecting pipe, the 3-way manifold valve, and the
transmitter have no pressure leaks.

3-18
Starting Measurement

Procedure
Operate the valves by the following procedure to apply the differential pressure of the process
to the transmitter and display the measured value by operating the HART communicator.

How to apply process pressure

Step Description

1 Make sure that the 3-way manifold valve is in this state:

1. High-pressure side stop valve: Fully closed
2. Low-pressure side stop valve: Fully closed
3. Equalizer valve: Fully closed

2 Fill the liquid sealing pipe with sealing liquid.

3 1. Gradually open the high-pressure side stop valve.

2. Gradually open the low-pressure side stop valve.

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

CAUTION
Close the cover of the transmitter case securely. Imperfect closure allows entry of water,
damaging internal terminals and the electronics module.

• If the input and output values are inconsistent, check the range and perform calibration
again.
• If the displayed data value is unstable, adjust the damping time constant.

3-19
Stopping Measurement

Procedure
How to stop the transmitter
Step Description

1 Turn off the transmitter.

2 Operate the 3-way manifold valve by the following procedure:

1. Close the low pressure side stop valve.
2. Open the equalizer valve.
3. Close the high pressure side stop valve.

(Equalizer valve)

High-pressure side

Low-pressure side

( Low-pressure
stop valve
side
)
3-way manifold valve Vent / Drain plug

3 Close the main valve. (Refer to Fig. 2-41.)

CAUTION
• If the transmitter is to be left off for a long period of time, drain process fluid from the
connecting pipe and the pressure receiving part.
• Leave the equalizer valve open.

3-20
3-4. Measurement with Model GTX_ _G/GTX_ _A

3-4-1. Pressure Measurement

Preparation for Measurement

WARNING
• Make sure that the process is in the manual control mode.
If the process is in the automatic control mode, switch it to manual mode.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.
• Before starting a measurement procedure, ensure closure of the pressure valve (main
valve), the local valve, the drain valve, and the gas vent plug (Refer to Fig. 2-35).

Gas pressure measurement

Perform zero-point calibration and introduce process pressure, with this procedure:

CAUTION
If damping time constant is set to 0 sec., please adjust another value to keep output sta-
ble before calibration.

Zero-point calibration

Step Description

1 Open the vent plug to release the pressure receiving part to the open air.

2 Referring to procedure 2 in page 3-6, perform zero-point calibration.

3 When calibration is complete, close the vent plug.

3-21
Introducing process pressure and venting air

Step Description

1 1. Introduce the process pressure into the connecting pipe by opening the main
valve (Refer to “Fig. 2-36. Example of Piping”). If the process temperature
is high, allow cooling time so that the connecting pipe is stable at a safe
temperature, before starting work.
2. Open the local valve gradually to introduce the process pressure into the
pressure receiving part of transmitter.

2 1. Vent air from the center body by gradually opening the vent plug.
2. After venting air completely, close the plug and the local valve.

Local valve

High-pressure side

Vent / Drain plug

3 Ensure zero leakage exists at the connecting pipe and transmitter.

3-22
Starting Measurement

Procedure
Operate the valve with the following procedure and apply the process pressure to transmitter.

Step Description

1 Open gradually the local valve.

Local valve

High-pressure side

Vent / Drain plug

CAUTION
Securely close the case cover of the transmitter. Take precautions against moisture ingress
into the transmitter body. Water entering the transmitter will damage the inter- nal
terminals and the electronics module.

• If the output value does not correctly reflect the input value, check again the range and
calibrate the transmitter.
• If the displayed data value is unstable, adjust the damping time constant

3-23
Stopping Measurement

Procedure
Stop the operation of the transmitter by this procedure:

Step Description

1 Turn OFF the transmitter.

2 Close the local valve.

Local valve

High-pressure side

Vent / Drain plug

3 Close the main valve.

CAUTION
When a long-term shutdown is planned, completely drain all process fluid from the
connecting pipe and from the pressure receiving part of transmitter.

3-24
3-5. Measurement with Model GTX_ _F

3-5-1. Pressure Measurement

CAUTION
• Make sure that the process is in the manual control mode.
If in automatic control mode, switch to manual control before starting the following
procedures.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.

Preparation for Measurement

When setting the zero point, set all the diaphragm surface area to be wet with the measured
liquid for high accuracy. Even when the diaphragm surface area is not completely wet, make
sure that the zero point is set at a level higher than the center of the diaphragm.

3-25
 100 % Liquid Level

Variable
Head

0 % Liquid Level

Fig. 3-3.

3-26
Starting Measurement
The transmitter is ready for operation when zero-point adjustment is completed. This
procedure is described in the previous section. Before starting, always check the following:
(1) Check the correspondence between input and output values.
• If the output does not correctly reflect the input, check the range, check the flange position
on the process, and calibrate the transmitter again.
(2) Check the displayed data.
• If unstable value is displayed, adjust the damping time constant.
(3) Perform the following items carefully:
• Disconnect the HART communicator from the transmitter terminal. Ensure that the
terminal is sufficiently tight, and not loose.
• Close the case cover. Screw in the cover firmly until it can no longer be turned.
• This transmitter has a locking structure. After closing the cover, tighten the lock using a
hexagon wrench.

Stopping Measurement

Procedure
Turn off the transmitter.

CAUTION
When a long-term shutdown is planned, completely drain all process fluid from the
connecting pipe and from the pressure receiving part of transmitter.

3-27
3-6. Measurement with Model GTX_ _R
When starting operation, adjust the transmitter in its actual process state. The specific gravity
of the sealed-in liquid is stated in the specifications in Appendix A. Specific gravity changes
with temperature at the rate of 0.0008/°C. Use the temperature of the capillary tube for items
related to specific gravity, in this section.

3-6-1. Pressure Measurement

CAUTION
• Make sure that the process is in the manual control mode.
If in automatic control mode, switch to manual control before starting the following
procedures.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.

Preparation for Measurement

When setting the zero point, set all the diaphragm surface area to be wet with the measured
liquid for high accuracy. Even when the diaphragm surface area is not completely wet, make
sure that the zero point is set at a level higher than the center of the diaphragm.

3-28
 100 % Liquid Level

Fixed
Variable Ref Leg
Head

0 % Liquid Level

Fig. 3-4.

Sealed liquid temperature correction function

When the liquid level of a tank is measured using a remote sealing type differential pressure
transmitter, the density of the sealed liquid in the capillary tube changes as the ambient
temperature changes. This ordinarily causes about 4~5% zero shifting.
The GTX_ _R has a composite semiconductor sensor with a function for correcting sealed
liquid temperature by means of temperature measurement and arithmetic operation with a
microprocessor. This assures accurate level measurements. (The zero shift is reduced to 1/5
from the previous level.)
Example of zero shift
L (Difference between flanges): 2500 mm (2.5 m)
R (Measurement span): 2500 mm (2.5 m)
A (Temperature coefficient of sealed liquid):0.001/°C
T (Ambient temperature change): 55°C
A×T×L
Zero shift = × 100 ... (1)
R
From (1)
Zero shift of a model without temperature correction:

0.001 × 55 × 2500
× 100 = 5.5%
2500
(Conventional transmitter)
Zero shift of a model with temperature correction function: 1%

3-29
 Starting Measurement
The transmitter is ready for operation when zero-point adjustment is completed. This
procedure is described in the previous section. Before starting, always check the following:
(1) Check the correspondence between input and output values.
• If the output does not correctly reflect the input, check the range, check the flange position
on the process, and calibrate the transmitter again.
(2) Check the displayed data.
• If unstable value is displayed, adjust the damping time constant.
(3) Perform the following items carefully:
• Disconnect the HART communicator from the transmitter terminal. Ensure that the
terminal is sufficiently tight, and not loose.
• Close the case cover. Screw in the cover firmly until it can no longer be turned.
• This transmitter has a locking structure. After closing the cover, tighten the lock using a
hexagon wrench.

Stopping Measurement

Procedure
Turn off the transmitter.

CAUTION
When long-term shutdown is planned, always dismount the transmitter flange from the
tank, clean diaphragms with a soft brush, wash using a solvent, and store. Take care not to
deform or damage the diaphragms.

3-6-2. Cautions Related to Flow Rate Measurement

Refer to the instructions on flange mounting for flow-rate measurement, to operate the
transmitter for flow rate measurement.
Always complete zero-point checking before introducing fluid to the pipe. This precaution
is warranted since the GTX_ _R/GTX_ _U has a structural characteristic that prevents
mounting of an equalizing valve or stop valve.
For vertical pipes with differential-pressure take-out flange port, the high-pressure side flange
and the low-pressure side flange exhibit a level difference. In this case, determine the zero
point by setting LRV.

3-30
3-7. Measurement with Model GTX_ _U/GTX_ _S
When starting operation, adjust the transmitter in its actual process state. The specific gravity
of the sealed-in liquid is stated in the specifications of Chapter 3. Specific gravity changes with
temperature at the rate of 0.0008/°C. Use the temperature of the capillary tube for items related
to specific gravity, in this section.

3-7-1. Pressure Measurement

CAUTION
• Make sure that the process is in the manual control mode.
If in automatic control mode, switch to manual control before starting the following
procedures.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direc- tion
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.

Preparation for Measurement

When setting the zero point, set all the diaphragm surface area to be wet with the measured
liquid for high accuracy. Even when the diaphragm surface area is not completely wet, make
sure that the zero point is set at a level higher than the center of the diaphragm.

3-31
 100 % Liquid Level

Variable
Head

0 % Liquid Level

Fig. 3-5.

3-32
Starting Measurement
The transmitter is ready for operation when zero-point adjustment is completed. This
procedure is described in the previous section. Before starting, always check the following:
(1) Check the correspondence between input and output values.
• If the output does not correctly reflect the input, check the range, check the flange position
on the process, and calibrate the transmitter again.
(2) Check the displayed data.
• If unstable value is displayed, adjust the damping time constant.
(3) Perform the following items carefully:
• Disconnect the HART communicator from the transmitter terminal. Ensure that the
terminal is sufficiently tight, and not loose.
• Close the case cover. Screw in the cover firmly until it can no longer be turned.
• This transmitter has a locking structure. After closing the cover, tighten the lock using a
hexagon wrench.

Stopping Measurement

Procedure
Turn OFF the transmitter.

CAUTION
When long-term shutdown is planned, always dismount the transmitter flange from the
tank, clean diaphragms with a soft brush, wash using a solvent, and store. Take care not to
deform or damage the diaphragms.

3-33
3-8. Set Range Calculation for Liquid Level Measurement

3-8-1. Open Tank or Closed Tank (Dry Leg) or Remote Seal Set Range Calculation

Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _D

Calculate the set range using these procedures:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed, during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
ρ0 : Specific gravity of liquid in high pressure side connecting pipe
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and high-pressure outlet port
d : Distance between high-pressure outlet port and transmitter

100% liquid level

100% liquid level

High-pressure outlet port 0% liquid level High-pressure

outlet port 0% liquid level

Open tank
Closed tank

Low-pressure side High-pressure side

Low-pressure side High-pressure side

Fig. 3-6. Open Tank Fig. 3-7. Closed Tank

Differential pressure at 0% liquid level

(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = h ρ + d ρ0 = LRV
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level
(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) =
l ρ + h ρ + d ρ0 = (l+h) ρ + d ρ0 = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): h ρ + d ρ0 ; High limit (URV): (l+h) ρ + d ρ0

Example of calculation: l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm, d = 500 mm ρ = 0.9, ρ0 = 1.0

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = (250 × 0.9) + (500 × 1.0) = 725 mmH2O = 7.110 kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = {(1500 + 250) × 0.9) + (500 × 1.0) = 2075 mmH2O
= 20.35 kPa

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): 7.110 kPa{725 mmH2O} , High limit (URV): 20.35 kPa{2075 mmH2O}

3-34
Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _G
Calculate the set range using these procedures:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed, during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
ρ0 : Specific gravity of liquid in connecting pipe
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and high-pressure outlet port
d : Distance between high-pressure outlet port and transmitter

100% liquid level

High-pressure outlet port

0% liquid level

Open tank

Fig. 3-8.

Pressure at 0% liquid level = h ρ+ d ρ0= LRV

Pressure at 100% liquid level = l ρ+ h ρ+ d ρ0= (l+h) r + d ρ0 = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): h ρ+ d ρ0 ; High limit (URV): (l+h) ρ+ d ρ0

Example of calculation:
l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm, d = 500 mm
ρ = 0.9, ρ0 = 1.0

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = (250 × 0.9) + (500 × 1.0) = 725 mmH2O = 7.110 kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = {(1500 + 250) × 0.9) + (500 × 1.0) = 2075 mmH2O
= 20.35 kPa

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): 7.110 kPa{725 mmH2O} , High limit (URV): 20.35 kPa{2075 mmH2O}

3-35
 Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _F
Calculate the set range using these procedures:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed, during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and high-pressure outlet port
d : Distance between high-pressure outlet port and transmitter

Blow valve

100% liquid level Volume container

100% liquid level

Stop valve
Tank
Tank
Open to air 0% liquid level
h 0% liquid level
ρ

Fig. 3-9. Open Tank Fig. 3-10. Closed Tank

Differential pressure at 0% liquid level

(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = h ρ = LRV
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level
(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = l ρ + h ρ = (l+h) ρ = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): h ρ ; High limit (URV): (l+h) ρ

Example of calculation:
l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm
ρ = 0.9

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = (250 × 0.9) = 225 mmH2O = 2.206 kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = {(1500 + 250) × 0.9) = 1575 mmH2O = 15.45 kPa

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): 2.206 kPa{225 mmH2O} , High limit (URV): 15.45 kPa{1575 mmH2O}

3-36
Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _R
Calculate the set range using these procedures:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed, during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
ρ0 : Specific gravity of sealed liquid
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and high-pressure outlet port
d : Distance between high-pressure outlet port and transmitter

100% liquid level

Open tank

0% liquid level

High-pressure
Low-pressure side
side

Fig. 3-11. Open Tank

Differential pressure at 0% liquid level

(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = hr = LRV
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level
(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = l ρ + h ρ = (l+h) ρ = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): h ρ ; High limit (URV): (l+h) r

Example of calculation:
l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm, d = 500 mm, ρ = 0.9, ρ0 = 0.935

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = 250 × 0.9= 225 mmH2O = 2.206 kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = (1500 + 250) × 0.9 = 1575 mmH2O = 15.45 kPa

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): 2.206 kPa, High limit (URV): 15.45 kPa

3-37
Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _U
Calculate the set range using these procedures:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed, during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
ρ0 : Specific gravity of sealed liquid
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and high-pressure outlet port
d : Distance between high-pressure outlet port and transmitter

100% liquid level

Open tank

0% liquid level

Process
connection

Fig. 3-12. Open Tank

Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = h ρ + d ρ0 = LRV

Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = l ρ + h ρ + d ρ0 = (l+h) ρ + d ρ0 = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): h ρ + d ρ0 ; High limit (URV): (l+h) ρ + d ρ0

Example of calculation:
l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm, d = 500 mm, ρ = 0.9, ρ0 = 1.0

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = (250 × 0.9) + (500 × 1.0) = 725 mmH2O = 7.110 kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = {(1500 + 250) × 0.9) + (500 × 1.0) = 2075 mmH2O
= 20.35 kPa

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): 7.110 kPa, High limit (URV): 20.35 kPa

3-38
3-8-2. Closed Tank (Wet Leg or Remote Seal) -- Set Range

Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _D

Calculate the set range using these procedure:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
ρ0 : Specific gravity of sealing liquid
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and high-pressure outlet port
d : Distance between high-pressure outlet port and transmitter

High-pressure outlet port

100% liquid level

0% liquid level

Low-pressure outlet port

Closed tank

Closed tank
(Wet leg)

Low-pressure side High-pressure side

Fig. 3-13. Closed Tank (Wet Leg)

Differential pressure at 0% liquid level

(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = d ρ0 - h r = LRV
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level
(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = d ρ0 - (l+h) ρ = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): d ρ0 - h ρ r, High limit (URV): d ρ0 - (l+h) ρ

Example of calculation:
l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm, d = 2000 mm, ρ = 0.9, ρ0 = 1.0

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = (2000 × 1.0) – (250 × 0.9) = 1775 mmH2O = 17.41
kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = (2000 × 1.0) – (1500 × 250) x 0.9 = 425 mmH2O =
4.168 kPa

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): 17.41 kPa{1775 mmH2O}, High limit (URV): 4.168 kPa {425 mmH2O}

3-39
Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _F
Calculate the set range using these procedure:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
ρ0 : Specific gravity of sealing liquid
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and high-pressure outlet port
d : Distance between high-pressure outlet port and transmitter

Blow valve

100% liquid level

Stop valve
Tank

0% liquid level
h

Fig. 3-14. Closed Tank (Wet Leg)

Differential pressure at 0% liquid level

(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = h ρ - d ρ0 = LRV
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level
(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = (l+h) ρ - d ρ0 = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): h ρ - d ρ0 , High limit (URV): (l+h) ρ - d ρ0

Example of calculation:
l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm, d = 2000 mm, ρ = 0.9, ρ0 = 1.0

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = (250×0.9)-(2000 × 1.0) = -1775 mmH2O = -17.41 kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = (1500 + 250)×0.9-(2000 × 1.0) = -425 mmH2O =
-4.168 kPa

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): -17.41 kPa{-1775 mmH2O}, High limit (URV): -4.168 kPa {-425 mmH2O}

3-40
Set range calculation Ex. Model GTX_ _R
Calculate the set range using these procedure:
The following symbols are used to express density and distance.
It is assumed that the density is fixed during liquid level measurement.
ρ : Specific gravity of liquid in tank
ρ0 : Specific gravity of sealed liquid
l : Distance between 100% liquid level and 0% liquid level (measurement range)
h : Distance between 0% liquid level and lower flange of tank
d : Distance between upper flange of tank and lower flange of tank

100% liquid level

Closed tank

0% liquid level

Fig. 3-15. Closed Tank (Wet Leg)

Differential pressure at 0% liquid level

(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = d ρ0 - h ρ = LRV
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level
(Pressure on high-pressure side - Pressure on low-pressure side) = d ρ0 - (l+h) ρ = URV

Therefore, set the range as follows:

Low limit (LRV): d ρ0 - h ρ , High limit (URV): d ρ0 - (l+h) ρ

Example of calculation:
l = 1500 mm, h = 250 mm, d = 2000 mm, ρ = 0.9, ρ0 = 0.935

If the above conditions are assumed, the following results are obtained:
Differential pressure at 0% liquid level = (2000 × 0.935) - (250 × 0.9) = 1645 mmH2O = 16.13
kPa
Differential pressure at 100% liquid level = (2000 × 0.935) - (1500 + 250) × 0.9 = 295 mmH2O
= 2.893 kPa
Therefore, set the range as follows:
Low limit (LRV): 16.13 kPa{1645 mmH2O}, High limit (URV): 2.893 kPa {295 mmH2O}

3-41
3-9. Indicator (Optional)

3-9-1. Display unit of indicator

The display unit of an indicator consists of the following:

1 2 5

4
11 7
12 6
13
8

9 10 3

Fig. 3-16. Display unit of indicator

No. Display Mark Contents of display

1 Digital Display (5digits) PV (%, actual, pressure) Status Number

2 Digital Display (5digits) Decimal point

3 16 segments (7digit) Unit, Status

4 % %

5 Exponent None, ×10, ×100, ×1000

6 Absolute pressure Abs

7 Gage pressure G

8 Bar Graph Bar Graph of output%

9 Output square root extraction OUT

10 Display square root extraction DISP

11 Key mark Write Protect

12 Flag mark Status Record

13 Status Record and

3-42
Disp. Unit
This is enabled when Display Mode is set to Scale.
Disp. Unit is displayed on the indicator.
Values shown in the table below may be selected.

user_define_unit mmH2O mmAq mH2O inH2O

ftH2O kPa MPa Pa hPa
kPaG MPaG kPa_abs MPa_abs Pa_abs
hPa_abs bar mbar barG mbarG
mmHg inHg mmHg_abs inHg_abs gf/cm2
kgf/cm2 g/cm2 kg/cm2 kgf/cm2G kgf/cm2_abs
atm Torr psi g/cm3 kg/m3
m3 l kl ml/h l/h
kl/h Skl/h Sm3/h t/h m3/h
km3/h Nm3/h kNm3/h l/min kl/min
m3/min Nml/min Nl/min Nm3/min kl/d
m3/d t/d Nm3/d kg/h gal/min
gal/h mm m % t
kg none

User define Unit

This is enabled when Display Mode is set to Scale.
Available when Disp. Unit is set to User define unit.
Any desired display unit can be set.

3-43
3-9-2. Bar Graph Display
Percentage terms of the indicated values are displayed as graphs with the 22 segments.

S0 S1 S2 - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - S20 S21

For descriptive purposes let us refer to the 22 segments as, from left to right, S0 - S21. Lighting
or blinking of each segment is indicated as follows according to the percentage terms of the
indicated value (DISP).

DISP ≤ -5% S0 Blinking

-5% < DISP ≤ 0% S0 Lit
0% < DISP ≤ 5% S0 to S1 Lit
5% < DISP ≤ 10% S0 to S2 Lit
10% < DISP ≤ 15% S0 to S3 Lit
15% < DISP ≤ 20% S0 to S4 Lit
20% < DISP ≤ 25% S0 to S5 Lit
25% < DISP ≤ 30% S0 to S6 Lit
30% < DISP ≤ 35% S0 to S7 Lit
35% < DISP ≤ 40% S0 to S8 Lit
40% < DISP ≤ 45% S0 to S9 Lit
45% < DISP ≤ 50% S0 to S10 Lit
50% < DISP ≤ 55% S0 to S11 Lit
55% < DISP ≤ 60% S0 to S12 Lit
60% < DISP ≤ 65% S0 to S13 Lit
65% < DISP ≤ 70% S0 to S14 Lit
70% < DISP ≤ 75% S0 to S15 Lit
75% < DISP ≤ 80% S0 to S16 Lit
80% < DISP ≤ 85% S0 to S17 Lit
85% < DISP ≤ 90% S0 to S18 Lit
90% < DISP ≤ 95% S0 to S19 Lit
95% < DISP ≤ 100% S0 to S20 Lit
100% < DISP ≤ 105% S0 to S21 Lit
105% < DISP S0 to S20 Lit, S21Blinking

3-9-3. External Zero/Span Adjustment Display

When an external zero or span adjustment is executed using an external zero/span adjustment
mechanism and the range change is complete, one of the following messages is displayed in
the 16 segments (7 digits) that display the unit, depending on the adjustment.
When an external zero adjustment is complete: ZERO.SET
When an external span adjustment is complete: SPAN.SET

The message is displayed for 3 seconds and then it disappears to return to the unit display.

3-44
3-9-4. Square Root Extraction Display
The segments for the square root extraction display are OUT and DISP .
Each display lights up or goes out according to the output format and square root extraction
display settings of the transmitter.
Transmitter setting Square Root Extraction Display
Output Indicator OUT DISP
Linear Linear Goes out Goes out
Linear Square root (Flow rate) Goes out Lights up
Square root (Flow rate) Lights up Goes out

3-9-5. Write Protect Display

The indicator for the write protect display is a key mark.
The key mark lights up or goes out according to the write protect state of the transmitter.
When write protect is ON: The key mark lights up.
When write protect is OFF: The key mark goes out.

3-9-6. Status Record Display

The indicator for the status history display is a flag mark.
The flag mark lights up or goes out according to the presence or absence of status history of
the transmitter.
When the status history exists: The flag mark lights up.
When the status history does not exist: The flag mark goes out.

Lighting of the flag mark indicates that the diagnostic status has been ON in the past.

3-9-7. Display Update Mark

This mark indicates that the transmitter is working.
The and marks alternately blink every 0.5 seconds.

Display Update Cycle

The update cycle of the PV display (7 segments, 5 digits) is about 0.5 seconds.

3-45
3-10. External Zero/Span Adjustment function (Optional)
A transmitter with External Zero/Span adjustment function enables zero/span point
adjustment work without using communicator.
Set output to any value corresponding to the pressure input.

Magnet stick (Optional)

SPAN TRIM

ZERO TRIM

Fig. 3-17.

Procedure differs depending on the S/W version.

The software version is indicated on the nameplate on the main part of the
transmitter.

Procedure for before software version 6.0

How to adjust zero point:

STEP Procedure

1 Apply the differential pressure that will serve as a reference for 0 % of the range
to the transmitter

2 Touch the magnet on the glass at the ZERO TRIM point for 3 seconds or more.
And remove it when ammeter reading equals 4 mA.

How to adjust span point:

STEP Procedure

1 Apply the differential pressure that will serve as a reference 100% of the range to
the transmitter.

2 Touch the magnet on the glass at the SPAN TRIM point for 3 seconds or more.
And remove it when ammeter reading equals 20 mA.

3-46
Procedure for software version 6.0 or later
How to adjust ZERO point:
STEP Procedure

1 Apply the differential pressure that will serve as a reference for 0 % of the range to
the transmitter.

2 To enable the external zero point adjustment function, touch “ZERO TRIM” on
the glass window with the magnetic stick.

3 When “WAIT” followed by “READY” is displayed, remove the stick from the
window. When “UNLOCK” is displayed, the external zero point adjustment
function is enabled.
With “UNLOCK” displayed, if there is no operation with the magnetic stick for 45
seconds or more, the external zero point adjustment function will be disabled.

4 With “UNLOCK” displayed, touch “ZERO TRIM” on the glass window with the
magnetic stick for 3 seconds or more.
The transmitter will be adjusted to output 4 mA. When “ZERO.SET” is displayed,
remove the stick from the window to complete zero point adjustment.

5 The external zero point adjustment function is now disabled.

Touch “ZERO TRIM” again with

the magnetic stick for 3 seconds.

Touch “ZERO TRIM” with

the magnetic stick.

Wait for 3 seconds. Zero adjustment is now complete.

Remove the magnetic stick.

“LOCKED” is displayed for 3 seconds,

Remove the magnetic stick.
after which the external adjustment
function is disabled.

Fig. 3-18.
3-47
How to adjust span point:
STEP Procedure

1 Apply the differential pressure that will serve as a reference 100% of the range to
the transmitter.

2 To enable the external span adjustment function, touch “SPAN TRIM” on the
glass window with the magnetic stick.

3 When “WAIT” followed by “READY” is displayed, remove the stick from the
window. When “UNLOCK” is displayed, the external span adjustment function
is enabled.
With “UNLOCK” displayed, if there is no operation with the magnetic stick for
45 seconds or more, the external span adjustment function will be disabled.

4 With “UNLOCK” displayed, touch “SPAN TRIM” on the glass window with the
magnetic stick for 3 seconds or more.
The transmitter is adjusted to output 20 mA. When “SPAN.SET” is displayed,
remove the stick from the window to complete span adjustment.

5 The external span adjustment function is now disabled.

Touch “SPAN TRIM” again with the

magnetic stick for 3 seconds.

Touch “SPAN TRIM” with the

magnetic stick.

Wait for 3 seconds.

Span adjustment is now complete.
Remove the magnetic stick.

Remove the magnetic stick. “LOCKED” is displayed for 3 seconds,

after which the external adjustment
function is disabled.

Fig. 3-19.
3-48
3-11. Advanced Diagnostics (optional )
The advanced diagnostics include the pressure frequency index, the standard deviation, and
calculation of the out-of-range pressure event count.
The diagnosis also determines whether the pressure frequency index, standard deviation, and
the out-of-range pressure event count exceed the threshold values. Users can check alarms on
the selfdiagnostics status screen in the communicator if the results exceed a threshold. Alarms
can also be checked on the built-in indicator of the transmitter.

3-11-1. Pressure Frequency Index

The pressure frequency index quantifies how often the input pressure goes up and down
(fluctuation) with a number between 0 and 1. The index is calculated from data on the
number of fluctuations during a time period of several minutes. It is possible to detect a
change in process conditions by monitoring changes in this value. For example, the pressure
frequency index can be used for diagnosis of clogged connecting pipes.
For information about diagnosis of clogged connecting pipes, see Appendix-C.
In the practical example shown below, a change in the number of fluctuations of the input
pressure when the process is operating normally and when conditions have changed can be
easily seen.

normal conditions changed conditions

(1) Points to note

When using the pressure frequency index, note the following:
The pressure frequency index changes depending on a combination of factors. Thus, it may be
difficult to detect a single abnormality or phenomenon by this index alone.
If the process is in an abnormal state from the beginning, it is not possible to detect a change
caused by abnormal conditions. Carry out the steps described below in (3), “Preparation,”
under normal conditions.
Even if an unexpected abnormality occurs, the pressure frequency index does not necessarily
change immediately. This is because it takes a few minutes to calculate the frequency of
the pressure fluctuation with a high level of accuracy. If an abnormality occurs briefly and
conditions quickly return to normal, the change in the index will be small, and an alarm may
not be activated.
If the transmitter is installed in an environment subject to excessive vibration, the pressure
frequency index will be affected. As a result, an error may not be detected or there may be a
false alarm. If the pressure frequency index is used to diagnose clogging of connecting pipes,
problems may not be detected correctly, depending on the process conditions.

3-49
(2) Pressure Frequency Index-Related Parameters
Pressure frequency index-related parameters are shown below. For details on the attributes,
see (4) below, “(4) Checking the Settings.”
Pressure Frequency Index Pressure frequency index
Press Freq Index Max Maximum value of the pressure frequency index
Press Freq Index Min Minimum value of the pressure frequency index
Reset Press Freq Index Resetting the pressure frequency index
Press Freq Index Alarm Use Operating mode of the pressure frequency index
diagnostic alarm
Press Freq Index High Limit Upper limit of the pressure frequency index (Diagnostic
alarm threshold—high limit)
Press Freq Index Low Limit Lower limit of the pressure frequency index (Diagnostic
alarm threshold—low limit)
Press Freq Index Sensor Selection Sensor selection
Press Freq Calc PV High Limit Upper limit of pressure value filter
Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit Lower limit of pressure value filter
Press Freq Filter Constant Pressure frequency filter constant

(3) Preparation
First, it is necessary to monitor the process under normal conditions. The process should
be monitored for time periods ranging from several hours to one day (the amount of
time required for each condition to occur, if there is a significant change in the operating
conditions).
The way to monitor the process under normal conditions is to monitor trends in the pressure
frequency index. If that is not possible, an easier way is to obtain the maximum and minimum
values of the pressure frequency index.

(i) Monitoring of trends in the pressure frequency index

See the Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual (HART 7).

(ii) Obtaining the maximum and minimum values of the pressure frequency index
 ollow the procedure below to obtain the maximum and minimum values of the pressure
F
frequency index.
Reset the pressure frequency index and its maximum and minimum values when the process
is stable under normal conditions. Recording of the maximum and minimum values then
begins anew .
To reset, execute Reset Press Freq Index.
This resets the pressure frequency index and its maximum and minimum values.
Note that resetting prevents these parameters from obtaining correct values until a new
pressure frequency index is calculated.
Once the set amount of time has elapsed, observe the value of the following two variables.
Press Freq Index Max Maximum value of the pressure frequency index
Press Freq Index Min Minimum value of the pressure frequency index

3-50
(4) Checking the Settings
For information about setting the following descriptive parameters, see the operating manual
for the relevant communicator.

(i) Setting the alarm

 ased on the results from the Preparation section, set the variables for the upper and lower
B
limits of the pressure frequency index.
Press Freq Index High Limit: The setting range is between 0.0 and 1.0.
Press Freq Index Low Limit: The setting range is between 0.0 and 1.0.
Next, set the operating mode of the pressure frequency index diagnostic alarm. Press Freq
Index
Alarm Use: The possible settings are shown below.
Disabled: Alarm is not used.
Enabled (High): Upper limit only
Enabled (Low): Lower limit only
Enabled (High and Low): Upper and lower limits

(ii) Alarm detection

I f a pressure frequency index alarm is detected, it is reported as the appropriate self-diagnostic
status. See “Chapter 5. Troubleshooting.”

(iii) Sensor Selection and P Sampling Interval

 he sensor and pressure sensor sampling interval can be set. Press Freq Index Sensor
T
Selection:
The possible settings are shown below.
For a differential pressure (DP) gauge
DP, 120ms factory default
DP, 240ms
DP, 360ms
SP, 360ms
For a pressure gauge (GP) or absolute pressure gauge (AP)
DP, 120ms factory default
DP, 240ms
DP, 360ms
- Sensor selection
For a differential pressure gauge, an SP sensor can be selected in addition to a DP sensor. If an
SP sensor is selected, fluctuations in static pressure can be detected. Using the static pressure
fluctuations allows the monitoring of the state of the process or application in a perspective
different from that of differential pressure fluctuations.
For example, when the pressure frequency index is used to detect clogged connecting pipes, a
change in the pressure fluctuation frequency caused by clogging on one side may appear more
quickly in the static pressure than in the differential pressure. Therefore, the SP sensor has the
potential to detect clogging faster.
The pressure frequency index is calculated based on the data from the SP sensor, provided
that the pressure to be measured is sufficiently high and the SP sensor is capable of detecting
pressure fluctuations.

3-51
- P Sampling Interval
S elect the sampling interval for the differential pressure and pressure value that is used
to calculate the pressure frequency index value when [DP Sensor] is selected for [Sensor
Selection].
The options are 120, 240, and 360 ms.
T he shorter the fluctuation detection cycle is, the higher the upper limit on detectable
frequencies becomes. However, a short fluctuation detection interval results in the lower
limit being raised. A longer fluctuation detection cycle lowers the upper limit on detectable
frequencies but allows the detection of lower frequencies.
To detect phenomena resulting from high frequencies, as in the case of clogging of connecting
pipes, it is generally better if the fluctuation detection cycle is as short as possible. However,
if the original pressure fluctuation frequency is low, it may go out of the range of detectable
frequencies, making it difficult to detect fluctuation. Therefore, when setting the sampling
interval, it is necessary to take into consideration the pressure fluctuation frequency under
normal conditions and the frequency domain in which abnormalities occur.

(iv) Filter adjustments

 he pressure frequency index is intended to detect abnormalities in a process. However, if
T
the pressure and flow rate naturally change slowly over a period of 40 seconds to five minutes
(lowfrequency fluctuation), the index may fall to a low value even if the process is normal.
Since such fluctuation in pressure and flow rate can occur in a normal process, a fall in the
index may wrongly suggest an abnormality, or it may not be possible to correctly detect actual
abnormalities.
To prevent false recognition of abnormalities resulting from a reduction in the index value,
high pass filtering is performed to remove the low-frequency component before the number of
fluctuations is counted.
The strength of the filter (filter coefficient) can be set.
Press Freq Filter Constant: The possible setting range is between 0.0 and 1.0.
The factory default is 0.0.
Increase the filter coefficient to remove more low-frequency components, and decrease the
coefficient for the opposite effect. Note that increasing the coefficient decreases the filter’s
ability to detect abnormalities.

3-52
3-11-2. Standard Deviation
This function calculates the standard deviation of the input pressure. It can be used for
diagnostic processes that detect a change in process conditions.

(1) Equation
The following equation is used to calculate the standard deviation (s).
1 n 2
s = ∑ xi − (x)2 = x2 − (x)2
2
n i =1
s: Standard deviation
x: Input pressure
n: Number of samples

(2) Parameters Related to the Standard Deviation

Standard deviation-related parameters are shown below. For details on the attributes, see (4)
below, “(4) Checking the Settings.”
Standard Deviation Standard deviation
Standard Deviation Maximum amount of standard deviation
Standard Deviation Minimum amount of standard deviation
Average Pressure Average pressure
Standard Deviation Unit The unit of measurement for standard deviation
Reset Standard Deviation Reset of the standard deviation and average
Standard Deviation Sample Count Number of samples used for calculation
Standard Deviation Alarm Use Operating mode of the standard deviation alarm
Standard Deviation High Limit Upper limit of standard deviation (alarm threshold—high limit)
Standard Deviation Low Limit Lower limit of standard deviation (alarm threshold—low limit)

(3) Preparation
First, it is necessary to monitor the process under normal conditions. The process should be
monitored for a time period of one to several hours (the amount of time required for each
condition to occur, if there is a significant change in the operating conditions).
The way to monitor the process under normal conditions is to monitor trends in the standard
deviation. If that is not possible, an easier way is to obtain the maximum and minimum
standard deviation.

(i) Monitoring trends in standard deviation

To monitor trends in the standard deviation, see the Field Communication Software(Model
CFS100) Instruction Manual (HART 7).

(ii) Obtaining the maximum and minimum standard deviation

Follow the procedure below to obtain the maximum and minimum standard deviation.
Reset the standard deviation and its maximum and minimum values when the process is
stable under normal conditions. Recording of the maximum and minimum values then begins
anew .
To reset, execute Reset Standard Deviation. This resets the standard deviation, its maximum
and minimum values, and the average pressure.
Once the set amount of time has elapsed, observe the value of the following two variables.
Standard Deviation Max Maximum amount of standard deviation
Standard Deviation Min Minimum amount of standard deviation

3-53
(4) Checking the Settings
For information about setting the following descriptive parameters, see the operating manual
for the relevant communicator.

(i) Setting the alarm

 ased on the results from the Preparation section, set the variables for the upper and lower
B
limits of standard deviation.
Standard Deviation High Limit: The possible setting range is 0 and above.
Standard Deviation Low Limit: The possible setting range is 0 and above.
Next, set the operating mode of the standard deviation alarm.
Standard Deviation Alarm Use: The possible settings are shown below.
Disabled: Alarm is not used.
Enabled (High): Upper limit only
Enabled (Low): Lower limit only
Enabled (High and Low): Upper and lower limits

(ii) Alarm detection

I f a standard deviation alarm is detected, it is reported as the appropriate self-diagnostic status.
See “Chapter 5. Troubleshooting.”

(iii) Number of samples

 he number of samples of pressure used to calculate the standard deviation is set at 1,000 at
T
the factory. The sampling interval is approximately 60 ms ; the standard deviation is calculated
once every 60 seconds (approx.).
To change the number of samples, use the following parameter:
Standard Deviation Sample Count: Can be set in a range from 1,000 (approx. 1 minute) to
60,000 (approx. 1 hour).

3-54
3-11-3. Out-of-Range Pressure Event Count
The number of times the process pressure exceeds a preset threshold pressure (high or low
limit) is counted. If the out-of-range pressure event count is greater than the alarm threshold,
an alarm is issued.

(1) Parameters Related to the Out-of-Range Pressure Event Count

The parameters related to the out-of-range pressure event count are shown below. For details
on the attributes, see the Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual
(HART 7).
OOR Pressure Count Out-of-range pressure event count
Reset OOR Pressure Count Resetting of the out-of-range pressure event count
Normal Pressure High Limit Upper limit of normal pressure for the out-of-range
pressure event count
Normal Pressure Low Limit Lower limit of normal pressure for the out-of-range
pressure event count
OOR Count Alarm Use Operating mode of the out-of-range pressure event
count alarm
OOR Count Alarm Threshold Threshold of the out-of-range pressure event
count alarm
(2) Preparation
To reset an already generated out-of-range pressure event count, execute Reset OOR Pressure
Count.

(3) Checking the Settings

For information about setting the following descriptive parameters, see the operating manual
for the relevant communicator.

(i) Setting the alarm

S et the following parameters for the alarm threshold of the out-of-range pressure event count.
OOR Count Alarm Threshold: The possible setting range is 100,000 or less.
Next, set the operating mode of the out-of-range pressure event count alarm.
OOR Count Alarm Use: The possible settings are shown below.
Disabled: Alarm is not used.
Enabled: Alarm is used.

(ii) Alarm detection

If an out-of-range pressure event count alarm is detected, it is reported as the appropriate
selfdiagnostic status. See “Chapter 5. Troubleshooting.”

(iii) Threshold pressure

S et the following for the out-of-range pressure event count threshold pressure (high and low
limits).
Normal Pressure High Limit: -1.5*URL to 1.5*URL
Normal Pressure Low Limit: -1.5*URL to 1.5*URL

3-55
3-56
Chapter 4. Maintenance
This section explains the maintenance of the Advanced Transmitter and ways to ensure that
your transmitter’s performance goals may be continuously met during its operating life,
including instructions for:
• disassembly and assembly procedures,
• output checking,
• calibration procedures, and troubleshooting procedures.
At the start of operation or during operation, deal with performance problems by following
these procedures. If you cannot fix the problem, it is possible that there is a problem with the
product itself and you should contact an Azbil Corp. representative immediately.

4-1
4-1. Disassembly and Assembly

4-1-1. Before You Start

WARNING
• Before removing this product from the process equipment for purposes of maintenance,
vent the residual pressure and discharge the residual fluid. When discharging the
residual pressure and fluid, check the direction of the vent or drain to prevent injury by
the process fluid. Failure to do so may result in burns or other injuries.
• If the process fluid contains toxic substances, take safety measures such as wearing
goggles and a mask to prevent contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation.
• Before discharging a process fluid that contains toxic substances, check the direction
of discharge and take safety measures such as wearing goggles and a mask to prevent
contact with the skin and eyes and to prevent inhalation. Failure to do so is dangerous
and may result in physical harm.
• To stop transmitter operation for maintenance, see Chapter 3 of this manual and follow
the necessary procedures.
• If the O-ring attached to the case cover or the terminal cover is damaged or
deteriorated, replace it with a new one. If the device is operated with a broken O-ring,
since the degree of sealing will be insufficient, internal corrosion may occur, possibly
resulting in electric shock from a short circuit or poor device performance.
• Never open the case cover while the transmitter is ON or in a hazardous location.
• Handle the explosion-proof transmitter with care. It may lose its explosion-proof
performance due to corrosion, deformation, damage to the case cover, or damage to a
screw or a joined part.
• The explosion-proof performance of the special explosion-proof pressure transmitter is
not guaranteed unless it is LOCKED. Always tighten the case cover completely, and lock
the case cover.

Opening and Closing the case cover

This transmitter has a locking structure. Before opening the case cover, unlock the mechanism
using a hexagonal wrench.
When closing, insert the case cover fully and lock it, using a hexagonal wrench.

4-2
 CAUTION
After closing the case cover, make sure that no dust or rain enters the transmitter case.

Case cover

Lock

Fig. 4-1. Locking Case Cover

4-3
4-1-2. Mount Center Body Cover and Adapter Flange

Remove covers
Remove the four sets of bolts & nuts, shown in the illustration.

Remarks:
After removing, handle the center body cover carefully. Avoid damage to the diaphragm.

Adapter flange

Bolt / Nut
Bolt / Nut

Fig. 4-2. Center Body Cover Fixing Bolts

Mount covers and adapter flanges

When assembling the centers body cover and adapter flanges, tighten the bolts to the
following torque.
Replace the seal gasket, if it is damaged.

4-4
Table 4-1. Cover Bolts / Nuts and Tightening Torque
If a seal gasket is broken, replace it with a new one. If the device is operated with a broken
seal gasket, since the degree of sealing will not be sufficient, the process fluid may spurt out,
resulting in burns or other injuries.
Check that the seal gasket is not damaged. If it is, replace it with a new one.

Bolt / Nut tightening torque N·m

Wetted parts Cover material Cover material
material Bolt / Nut Carbon steel / Stainless steel PVC
Model No.
(other than Material When new /
diaphragm) When new gasket When existing
existing gasket is
is used gasket is reused
used
GTX15D 316SST 304SST 15±1 10±1 -
Carbon steel (SNB7) 10±1
GTX31D 316SST ASTM 22±2 17±1
630SST -
GTX41D B575
304SST 15±1 10±1 10±1
GTX31D Carbon steel (SNB7) 22±2 17±1 10±1
Tantalum
GTX41D 630SST -
316LSST
GTX71D 304SST 15±1 10±1 10±1
GTX32D Carbon steel (SNB7)
90±20 -
GTX42D 316SST 630SST
GTX72D 304SST 55±10 -
Carbon steel (SNB7) 10±1
GTX60G 316SST ASTM 22±2 17±1
630SST -
GTX71G B575
304SST 15±1 10±1 10±1
Carbon steel (SNB7) 10±1
GTX60G Tantalum 22±2 17±1
630SST -
GTX71G 316LSST
304SST 15±1 20±1 10±1
Carbon steel (SNB7)
316SST ASTM 90±20 -
GTX82G 630SST
B575
304SST 55±10 -
316SST ASTM Carbon steel (SNB7)
GTX30A B575 22±2 17±1 -
630SST
GTX60A Tantalum
316LSST 304SST 15±1 10±1 10±1
Carbon steel (SNB7)
GTX35F 22±2 17±1 -
316SST 630SST
GTX60F
304SST 15±1 10±1 -

Table 4-2. Adapter Flange Bolt / Nut Tightening Torque

Bolt / Nut tightening torque N·m

Bolt / Nut
Material Adapter flange material Adapter flange material
Carbon steel / Stainless steel PVC
Carbon steel (SNB7) 7±0.5
20±1
630SST -
304SST 10±0.5 7±0.5

4-5
4-1-3. Washing the Center Body

Introduction
The transmitter and the pipes must be kept clean to maintain its accuracy and achieve
satisfactory performance. Deposits accumulated in the pressure chamber of the transmitter
may result in measurement errors.

Rinsing the center body (GTX_ _D/GTX_ _A/GTX_ _G/GTX_ _F)

Rinse the center body using the following procedure:
(1) Remove the hexagon head bolts of the center body and removed the cover.
(2) Wash the diaphragm and the inner surface of the cover with a solvent and a soft brush.
Take care not to deform or damage the diaphragm.
(3) In reassembling the center body, replace the cover gasket with a new one as necessary.
(4) Tighten the cover bolts at the specified tightening torque. (Refer to “Table 4-1. Cover
Bolts / Nuts and Tightening Torque”)

Remarks related to cold area

If you stop the operation after measuring liquid that may freeze (such as water) in a cold area,
drain the liquid from the center body (by loosening the drain plug.)

Maintenance of sensor
The sensor does not need any special routine maintenance/inspection. When the flange is
removed for maintenance, wash the diaphragm using a soft brush and solvent. Work carefully
without deforming or damaging the diaphragm.

4-6
4-2. Calibrating Set Range and Output Signals
Some calibration work must be performed by Azbil Corporation or our authorized service
provider. Generally, this work requires a high-precision reference input device
and highly accurate measuring equipment. Such work is not ordinarily performed by end-
users of Azbil Corporation equipment. These instructions are provided for the benefit of users
who must perform calibration work themselves.
Calibration includes input calibration (set range) and output calibration (output signals).

4-2-1. Calibrating Set Range Based on Reference Input

Preparation
The low limit (LRV) and the high limit (URV) of the set range are calibrated by inputting
reference pressure.
Calibrate the LRV and the URV, in that order.

Equipment
Prepare the following equipment before calibration:
• Standard pressure generator: Pressure generated must be close to the measurement
range of the transmitter.
Accuracy requirement: ±0.05% F.S. or ± 0.1% setting
• Power supply: 24V DC
• Precision resistance: 250 Ω ± 0.005%
• Voltmeter: Digital voltmeter with accuracy
(10V DC range) of ± 0.02% rdg+1 dgt
• Communicator: Field Communication Software(Model CFS100),
HART communicator

Calibration conditions
All of the following conditions must be met, before performing calibration:
• A laboratory without any air currents. Wind will apply pressure to the pressure receiving
unit on the side open to the air, influencing the calibration accuracy.
• Standard temperature of 23°C and humidity of 65%. Normal pressure range (15°C~35°C)
and the normal humidity range (45%~75%) are allowable, if no sudden changes occur.
• Accuracy of the measuring equipment must be at least 4 times that of the transmitter.

CAUTION
If damping time constant is set to 0 sec. please adjust another value to keep the output
stable before calibration.
Refer to Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual(HART 5) CM2-
CFS100-2003
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual(HART 7) CM2-
CFS100-2013
HART Communicator Operation Manual(HART 5) CM2-GTX000-2002
HART Communicator Operation Manual(HART 7) CM2-GTX000-2003

4-7
Set up for calibration
Wire the transmitter in a similar way to that shown below.

High-precision
Power supply cable ammeter

24V DC
power supply

Field Communication
Software(Model CFS100)

High-pressure side
Open the low-pressure
side to the air. Standard pressure
generator

Fig. 4-3. Connection for calibration

Set range
See the operation manuals for the respective communicators.
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual
(HART 5)Section 2-6
(HART 7)Section 1-3
Advanced Transmitter HART Communicator Operation Manual
(HART 5)Section 3-2-1
(HART 7)Section 3-2-1
Calibration
See the operation manuals for the respective communicators.
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual
(HART 5)Section 4-2
(HART 7)Section 3-2
Advanced Transmitter HART Communicator Operation Manual
(HART 5)Section 3-2-8
(HART 7)Section 3-3-2

4-8
4-2-2. Calibrating Output Signals

Preparation
Output signal calibration (adjustment of the D/A conversion unit) is unnecessary under
ordinary operating conditions. Normally, this work is performed by an authorized service
provider of Azbil Corporation. For end-users who must perform this work, prepare the
following equipment in advance:

Equipment
• High-precision ammeter with accuracy of 0.03% FS or higher
• Resistor with a resistance of 250Ω ±0.005%
• Communicator

Set-up
Refer to Fig. 4-4. Connect the Communicator and an ammeter.

Check to ensure proper wiring. Check that the HART communicator and the transmitter are
in the normal communication status.

High-precision
Power supply cable ammeter

24V DC
power supply

Field Communication
Software(Model CFS100)

High-pressure side

Standard pressure
generator

Fig. 4-4. Connection for Calibration.

4-9
 Calibrating Analog Output Signal
See the operation manuals for the respective communicators.
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Instruction Manual
(HART 5)Section 4-2
(HART 7)Section 3-2
Advanced Transmitter HART Communicator Operation Manual
(HART 5)Section 3-2-8
(HART 7)Section 3-3-2

4-3. Calibration Value Restoration and History Functions

The functions described here require connection with a communicator.

Caution
If the transmitter uses SFN communication while the process is in the automatic control state,
the output may fluctuate, and the device may enter a dangerous operating state. Before perform-
ing this operation, be sure to switch the control loop of the process to manual control.

4-3-1. Restoring the Factory Calibration Value

This function reverts the transmitter's calibration value to the state at the time of factory
shipping. If calibration has been performed using an erroneous value, the factory value can be
restored.
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Operation Manual
(HART5) Section 4-3/(HART7)Section 3-3
HART Communicator Operation Manual
(HART5)Section 3-2-8/(HART7)Section 3-3-2-1

4-3-2. Diagnostics History Display

Displays the diagnostic results stored in the transmitter. It enables errors which occurred in
the past to be checked. For information regarding the contents of the diagnostic messages,
see Table 4-3.
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Operation Manual
(HART5) Section 4-5/(HART7)Section 3-5
HART Communicator Operation Manual
(HART5)Section 3-3-2/(HART7)Section 3-4-2

4-10
 Table 4-3. Diagnostics Display Message Details
HART5
Diagnostics Display Message Description
Critical Status Analog/Digital Conversion Fault An error occurred during analog-to-
digital conversion.
Sensor Characteristic Data Fault An error was detected in the sensor
characteristic data.
Suspect Input Input data error

CPU Fault CPU operation failure

NVM Fault Nonvolatile memory error

RAM Fault RAM failure

ROM Fault ROM failure

Output Circuit Fault Output circuit failure

Internal Data Inconsistency Invalid Database Configuration data and/or calibration

data is invalid.
Non-Critical Status Meter Body Over Temperature Meter body is too hot.

Excess Zero Correct The zero Calibration Value exceeds the

limit for accurate measurement.
Excess Span Correct The span Calibration Value exceeds the
limit for accurate measurement.
In Output Mode The device is operating in Output Mode.

Meter Body Overload or Fault "The input pressure is more than two
times the upper range limit for the device.
Or,
Device error"
Correct Reset Clears the calibration data.

External Zero/Span Adjustment An error occurred during external

Fault adjustment of the zero point or span.
Failure Alarm Simulation Mode The device is operating in Failure Alarm
Simulation Mode.
Output Alarm Deected The output is going over upper/lower
limit of output alarm.
Sensor Temp. Alarm Detected The sensor temperature is going over
upper/lower limit of sensor temp. alarm.

4-11
HART7
Diagnostics Display Message Description
Failure Analog/Digital Conversion Failure An error occurred during analog-to-
digital conversion.
Sensor Characteristic Data Fault An error was detected in the sensor
characteristic data.
Suspect Input Input data error

CPU Fault CPU operation failure

NVM Fault Nonvolatile memory error

RAM Fault RAM failure

ROM Fault ROM failure

Output Circuit Fault Output circuit failure

Invalid Database Configuration data and/or calibration

data is invalid.
Function Check In Output Mode The device is operating in Output Mode.

Failure Alarm Simulation Mode The device is operating in Failure Alarm

Simulation Mode.
Out of Specification Meter Body Over Temperature Meter Body Over Temperature

Meter Body Overload or Failure Meter Body Overload or Failure

High Output Alarm High Output Alarm

Low Output Alarm Low Output Alarm

High Sensor Temp. Alarm High Sensor Temp. Alarm

Low Sensor Temp. Alarm Low Sensor Temp. Alarm

Maintenance Required External Zero/Span Adjustment External Zero/Span Adjustment Failure

Failure
Excess Zero Calibration Value Excess Zero Calibration Value

Excess Span Calibration Value Excess Span Calibration Value

Not Calibrated Not Calibrated

Pressure Frequency Index Alarm Pressure Frequency Index Alarm

Standard Deviation Alarm Standard Deviation Alarm

Out-of-Range Count Alarm Out-of-Range Count Alarm

4-12
4-3-3. Zero Calibration Internal Data
This concerns the zero point calibration data saved in the transmitter. The function saves
zero point calibration data, which can be read using a communicator. By viewing shifts in the
zero calibration value, the transmitter maintenance interval and replacement period can be
estimated
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Operation Manual
(HART5) Section 4-6/(HART7)Section 3-6
HART Communicator Operation Manual
(HART5)No display capability on HART communicator/(HART7)Section 3-4-3

4-13
4-14
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting
The following describes the meaning of the status messages and the related troubleshooting
procedures

If a fault is judged to be “Internal data inconsistency” or “Critical failure”, the output of the
transmitter goes to the high or low limit, according to the code selected for Failure Alarm.

HART5
Indicator Diagnostics Display
Description Countermeasures
Display Message
Critical Status Err.01 Analog/Digital Conver- An error occurred during There is a problem with the sensor.
A-D CNV sion Fault analog-to-digital conversion. Contact customer service.
Err.02 Sensor Characteristic An error was detected in the
PROM Data Fault sensor characteristic data.
Err.03 Suspect Input Input data error
INPUT
Err.04 CPU Fault CPU operation failure There is a problem with the printed circuit
CPU board.
Err.05 NVM Fault Nonvolatile memory error Contact customer service.
NVM
Err.06 RAM Fault RAM failure
RAM
Err.07 ROM Fault ROM failure
ROM
Err.08 Output Circuit Fault Output circuit failure
OUTPUT
Internal Data Err.09 Invalid Database Configuration data and/or
Inconsistency CONFIG calibration data is invalid.
Non-Critical Status AL.20 Meter Body Over Meter body is too hot. Change the installation so that the
M/B. TEMP Temperature temperature of the meter body falls within
the specified range.
Alternatively, check that the temperature of
the process fluid is not abnormal.
AL.21 Excess
ExcessZero
Invalid Correct
Zero Correct
Database The zero Calibration Value Check that the input pressure is appropriate
ZERO. CAL exceeds the limit for accurate for the calibration value, and calibrate again.
measurement.
AL.22 Excess
ExcessSpan
SpanCorrect
Correct The span Calibration Value
SPAN. CAL exceeds the limit for accurate
measurement.
OUTPUT% In
In Output Mode The device is operating in
Exit
Exitfrom
from output
output mode
mode
OUTMODE Output Mode.
AL.24 Meter
MeterBody Overload
Body Overload or The input pressure is more than Exit
Exit from
from failure alarm simulation mode
OVRLOAD or Fault
Fault two times the upper range limit
for the device. Or,-Device error
AL.26 Correct
CorrectReset
Reset Clearsthe
Clears thecalibration
calibrationdata
data. Restart the calibration value at the time of
NO.CALIB shipping, or calibrate the high and low limits of
the setting range.
AL.28 External Zero/Span An error occurred during external There is a problem with the external zero
SWITCH Adjustment Fault adjustment of the zero point or adjustment switch or the printed circuit board.
span. Contact customer service.
[blank] Failure Alarm Simulation The device is operating in Failure Exit
Exit from
from failure alarm simulation mode
F/A SIM Mode Alarm Simulation Mode.
AL.51 Output
OutputAlarm Deected
Alarm Detected The output is going over Check output value
Check the output value
OUT%.AL upper/lower limit of output
alarm.
AL.52 Sensor
SensorTemp.
Temp.Alarm
Alarm The sensor temperature is Check the sensor
sensor temperature.
temperature.
Check the
TEMP.AL Detected
Detected going over upper/lower limit
of sensor temp. alarm.

5-1
HART7
Indicator Diagnostics Display
Display Message Description Countermeasures
Failure Err.01 Analog/Digital Conversion An error occurred during There is a problem with the
A-D CNV Failure analog-to-digital conversion. sensor.
Err.02 Sensor Characteristic An error was detected in the Contact customer service.
PROM Data Failure sensor characteristic data.
Err.03 Suspect Input Input data error
INPUT
Err.04 CPU Failure CPU operation failure There is a problem with the
CPU printed circuit board.
Err.05 NVM Failure Nonvolatile memory error Contact customer service.
NVM
Err.06 RAM Failure RAM failure
RAM
Err.07 ROM Failure ROM failure
ROM
Err.08 Output Circuit Failure Output circuit failure
OUTPUT
Err.09 Invalid Database Configuration data and/or
CONFIG calibration data is invalid.
Function Check OUTPUT% In Output Mode The device is operating in Output Exit from output mode
OUTMODE Mode.
[blank] Failure Alarm Simulation The device is operating in Failure Exit from failure alarm
F/A SIM Mode Alarm Simulation Mode. simulation mode
Out of AL.20 Meter Body Over Meter Body Over Change the installation so that the
Specification M/B. TEMP Temperature Temperature temperature of the meter body falls
within the specified range.
Alternatively, check that the tempera-
ture of the process fluid is not abnormal.

AL.24 Meter Body Overload or Meter Body Overload or - Confirm that the input pressure is within
OVRLOAD Failure Failure the specified range.

- If the input pressure is high, either lower

the input pressure or, If neccesary, calibr-
ate using a device with a large range.

AL.53 High Output Alarm High Output Alarm Check the output value
OUT%.HI
AL.54 Low Output Alarm Low Output Alarm
OUT%.LO
AL.55 High Sensor Temp. Alarm High Sensor Temp. Alarm Check the sensor temperature.
TEMP.HI
AL.56 Low Sensor Temp. Alarm Low Sensor Temp. Alarm
TEMP.LO
Maintenance AL.28 External Zero/Span External Zero/Span There is a problem with the external
Required SWITCH Adjustment Failure Adjustment Failure zero adjustment switch or the printed
circuit board. Contact customer service.
AL.21 Excess Zero Calibration Excess Zero Calibration Value Check that the input pressure
ZERO. CAL Value is appropriate for the calibration
AL.22 Excess Span Calibration Excess Span Calibration Value value, and calibrate again.
SPAN. CAL Value
AL.26 Not Calibrated Not Calibrated Restart the calibration value at the time
NO.CALIB of shipping, or calibrate the high and
low limits of the setting range.
AL.61 Pressure Frequency Index Pressure Frequency Index Check operating conditions
PRESS.FQ Alarm Alarm
AL.62 Standard Deviation Alarm Standard Deviation Alarm
STD.DEV
AL.63 Out-of-Range Count Out-of-Range Count Alarm
OOR.CNT Alarm

5-2
If the transmitter does not work normally or at all, check the following items.

Phenomenon Measures

Nothing appears on the • Make sure the power supply voltage is correctly applied.
display. • Make sure the wire connection of the power supply is
provided.

Output remains zero and • Make sure the settings are correct.
does not change. • Make sure the flow rate is within the low flow cut range.
• Make sure the pipes are not blocked.

Output is out of • Make sure that no fluid is leaking from the pipes.
alignment. • Make sure the fluid is not flowing backward.
• Make sure the connection direction of the HP and LP sides is
correct.
• Make sure the transmitter is not set at a tilt.

Also check the following points.·

• Check the result of self-diagnosis with the Communicator.
• Check that the connection direction of the HP and LP sides is correct.
• Check for any leakage at the connections on the pipes.
• Check for any loosened bolts on the clamping portions of the product.
• Check for any loosened and/or broken wires.
• Check for any wrong wiring connections.
• Check that the power supply voltage and load resistance are in accordance with the
specifications.
• Check that the pressure and temperature are in accordance with the specifications.
• Check for the presence of any sources of strong magnetism or noise near by.

If even after checking the above items the transmitter still does not work properly, stop using it
and unplug it. Then contact us at our branch office, sales office, or your local representative.

5-3
5-4
Appendix-A. Supplement Manual for Field Communication
Software (Model CFS100)

A-1. Overview

A-1-1. Introduction
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) is a tool for communicating with Azbil
Corporation’s smart field devices (e.g. the Differential Pressure Transmitter) that enables
configuration of device settings. It is a software product that operates on Windows PCs. Field
Communication Software(Model CFS100) with Azbil Corporation’s smart field devices using a
USB interface connected to a Windows PC, which is then connected by communications cable
to the USB port of a device.

Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) supports Azbil Corporation’s proprietary

SFN/DE communication protocol as well as the HART communication protocol.

For information on the specifications common to all types of devices and information on
how to install Field Communication Software(Model CFS100), please refer to the main Field
Communication Software(Model CFS100) Operation Manual. Before reading this manual,
make sure that you read the main Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) Operation
Manual thoroughly.

A-1-2. Important Notes

* When changing connected devices

Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) continues communicating with the device

when displaying dynamic values, such as pressure, so that it can continuously update
these values. If you remove the communications cable to change the device during this
communication, an error will occur.
Exit Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) before detaching the communications
cable from the device, and then start Field Communication Software(Model CFS100) again
after connecting the communications cable to the new device.

* The use of SFN communication changes the transmission signal, so be sure to switch the
process control loop to manual mode beforehand.
* For known troubleshooting issues, refer to section 7.4 of CM2-CFS100-2001, the common
edition manual.

A-1
A-2. How to Connect the Field Communication Software(Model
CFS100)
Please see “Fig. A-1. Wiring for connection with Model GTX” for instructions on connecting
Field Communication Software(Model CFS100).
Note : Do not connect two or more communicators at the same time.

Field Communication Software(Model CFS100)

24V DC
power Communications
supply cable
- + Red lead
Black lead
Receiver

-
+
250

Note : Always connect the communications cable to the loop wiring as follows:
Always connect
Red lead: S+ terminal
Black lead: S- terminal
Fig. A-1. Wiring for connection with Model GTX

1482

1345
Operative limit

Supply voltage - 12.5

=
0.0219

Operating Range

245

0 12.5 17.9 42 45
Supply voltage (V DC)

Fig. A-2. Supply voltage vs. load resistance

A-2
Appendix-B. Default damping time constant
Unless specified in ordering information, the damping time constant is according to the
following table.

Calibration span (x) /Default damping time constant

Model Measuring span
4sec 2sec 1sec
GTX15D 0.1 to 2kPa - 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 2kPa -
GTX30D/31D/32D 0.5 to 100kPa 0.5 ≤ x < 2.5kPa 2.5 ≤ x < 5kPa 5kPa ≤ x
GTX40D/41D/42D 35 to 700kPa 35 ≤ x < 45kPa 45 ≤ x < 90kPa 90kPa ≤ x
GTX71D/72D 0.25 to 14MPa 0.25 ≤ x < 0.7MPa 0.7 ≤ x < 1.4MPa 1.4MPa ≤ x
GTX60G 17.5 to 3500kPa 17.5 ≤ x < 80kPa 80 ≤ x < 210kPa 210kPa ≤ x
GTX71G 0.7 to 14MPa - 0.7 ≤ x < 1.4MPa 1.4kPa ≤ x
GTX82G 0.7 to 42MPa - 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1MPa 1MPa ≤ x
GTX30A 4 to 104kPa - 4 ≤ x < 5kPa 5kPa ≤ x
GTX60A 35 to 3500kPa 35 ≤ x < 80kPa abs 80k ≤ x < 210kPa 210kPa ≤ x
GTX35F 2.5 to 100kPa - 2.5 ≤ x < 5kPa 5kPa ≤ x
GTX60F 35 to 3500kPa 35 ≤ x < 80kPa 80 ≤ x < 210kPa 210kPa ≤ x
GTX35R 2.5 to 100kPa - 2.5 ≤ x < 5kPa 5kPa ≤ x
GTX40R 35 to 700kPa 35 ≤ x < 45kPa 45 ≤ x < 90kPa 90kPa ≤ x
GTX35U 2.5 to 100kPa - 2.5 ≤ x < 5kPa 5kPa ≤ x
GTX60U 35 to 3500kPa 35 ≤ x < 80kPa 80 ≤ x < 210kPa 210kPa ≤ x
GTX71U 0.7 to 10MPa - 0.7 ≤ x < 1.4MPa 1.4kPa ≤ x
GTX82U 0.7 to 42MPa - 0.7 ≤ x < 1MPa 1MPa ≤ x
GTX30S 4 to 104kPa - 4 ≤ x < 5kPa 5kPa ≤ x
GTX60S 35 to 3500kPa 35 ≤ x < 80kPa 80 ≤ x < 210KPa 210kPa ≤ x

B-1
B-2
Appendix-C. Diagnosis of clogging in the connecting pipe
using the pressure frequency index
This appendix describes judgment of an abnormal state, setup procedures, and operation
check procedures when the pressure frequency index is used to diagnose clogging in the
connecting pipe. For general matters concerning the pressure frequency index, see section
3-11-1, “Pressure Frequency Index.”

Section C-1 of Appendix-C describes the principle behind the diagnosis of clogging in the
connecting pipe. Read this section first.
Sections C-2-4 describe how to configure the diagnostic functions by transmitter and
application type.

• When measuring the pressure using a pressure gauge, see section C-2.
• When measuring the differential pressure and flow rate using the differential pressure
gauge, see section C-3.
• When measuring the level, see section C-4.

Section C-5 provides a supplemental description of parameters related to the diagnosis of

clogging.

C-1. Principle
The pressure of a flowing fluid fluctuates irregularly and frequently. The pressure frequency
index shows the number of fluctuations that have been detected. A large index number means
that the vertical oscillation is fast and that there are many high-frequency fluctuations. A small
index shows that the vertical oscillation is slow and that there are relatively few high-frequency
fluctuations.

There are many causes of fluctuation. First, the pressure that generates the flow fluctuates.
The magnitude of this fluctuation may vary depending on the pressure and flow velocity, but
fluctuation always occurs when the fluid flows. This fluctuation is the most important factor
in the diagnosis
of clogging in the connecting pipe. Also, pressure fluctuation occurs due to pumps,
compressors, or agitators. This fluctuation may also be used to diagnose clogging, depending
on its cycle and frequency.

Pressure fluctuation is transmitted to the differential pressure and pneumatic pressure

transmitter through the connecting pipe. When the connecting pipe is operating normally,
fluctuation in the process is directly transmitted to the transmitter, since there are no
obstructions halfway. On the other hand, if the connecting pipe is clogged, the clogging and
piping system function as a low- pass filter for pressure fluctuation. This is caused by the fact
that the clogging obstructs the fluid flow, and the pressure levels at both ends of the clogged
portion cannot be equalized within a short period of time. Therefore, even when the process
pressure includes high frequency fluctuations, it is difficult for them to be transmitted past the
clog.

C-1
 Process piping
Pressure fluctuation
Process pressure fluctuation detected by transmitter

Clogging

Connecting pipe Transmitter

Function as a low-pass filter

The pressure frequency index, based on the number of times the pressure rises and falls,
indicates the frequency of pressure fluctuation. Clogging in the connecting pipe functions
as a low-pass filter that attenuates the high-frequency components of fluctuation, thereby
decreasing the index number. Because of this mechanism, clogging in the connecting pipe can
be diagnosed from the pressure frequency index.

In the case of differential pressure, the diagnosis of clogging is more complex, because the
difference between two pressure fluctuations must be calculated. However, the principle is the
same: the phenomenon in which the piping system and clogging in the connecting pipe
function as a low-pass filter is utilized.

C-2
C-2. Configuration using a pressure gauge

C-2-1. Clogging and the pressure frequency index

The pressure frequency index varies depending on clogging in the connecting pipe. Generally,
the pressure frequency index becomes smaller as clogging progresses. Normally, the pressure
frequency index does not become larger.

C-2-2. Points to note regarding the diagnosis of clogging

When the pressure frequency index is used to diagnose clogging in the connecting pipe,
observe the cautions shown below.

If the fluctuation is very small or its frequency is low, clogging cannot be diagnosed. This
is because the pressure must include a sufficient number of fluctuations for the pressure
frequency index to be calculated accurately. Specific examples are listed below.

• There is no fluid flow, or flow velocity is very slow.

• Fluid viscosity is high.

Variation in the pressure frequency index does not always mean that clogging in the
connecting pipe has occurred. The index may vary due to other factors, such as the following.

• A change in the operating conditions of the pump, compressor, etc. (ON/OFF, number of
units, RPM, etc.)
• Air bubbles entering the process piping or connecting pipe
• A change in the viscosity of the process fluid
• Flow velocity variation caused by valve hunting

Note that whether or not the cause is clogging can be inferred by comparing the pressure
frequency index and the standard deviation with their values when conditions are normal. If
the standard deviation increases at the same time that the pressure frequency index decreases,
it is probable that, rather than a decrease in high-frequency fluctuation due to clogging, there
has been an increase in low-frequency fluctuation due to some other cause.

Depending on the material that causes clogging, it is possible that variation in the index will
be too small for an alarm to be activated. For example, if the clog is made of something like
gravel, where there are gaps, the pressure fluctuation can be transmitted through the gaps, and
there will not be much change in the index.

If the frequency of pressure fluctuation is abnormal from the beginning, as is a case where the
connecting pipe was clogged from the start, it may not be possible to diagnose the clogging.
Do the setup procedures (C-2–4) when the connecting pipe is operating normally.

Even if clogging occurs suddenly, the pressure frequency index will not change immediately.
This is because it takes a few minutes to calculate the frequency of the pressure fluctuation
with a high level of accuracy.

If the transmitter is installed in an environment subject to heavy vibration, the pressure

frequency index may be affected, preventing correct diagnosis.

C-3
C-2-3. Parameter configuration procedures
To diagnose clogging in the connecting pipe using the pressure frequency index, parameters
must be set. Use the configuration procedure below.

Preparation
X

Acquisition of index values

under normal conditions
X

Clogging simulation test

X Note:

not possible
Judge the possibility
Parameter adjustment
of diagnosis
X X

Possible

Setting of the alarm

X

Start the diagnosis

Preparation (see section C-2-4-1): Initialize the parameters in preparation for obtaining the
index values.
Acquisition of index values under normal conditions (see section C-2-4-2): Obtain index
values under normal conditions, and also the maximum and minimum index values.
Clogging simulation test (see section C-2-4-3): Operate the valve of the connecting pipe to
simulate a clog and obtain index values.

If you cannot conduct the clogging simulation test, skip sections C-2-4-3 to C-2-4-6, and then
read section C-2-4-7.

Judging the possibility of diagnosis (see section C-2-4-4): Determine whether or not you can
differentiate between a normal state and a simulated clogged state by comparing their index
values. Setting the alarm (see section C-2-4-5): If diagnosis is judged to be possible, adjust
the parameters shown below to set an alarm based on the collected index values. When the
configuration process
is complete, the diagnosis can begin.

Press Freq Index Alarm Use

Press Freq Index Low Limit

Parameter adjustment (see section C-2-4-6): If distinguishing the two states is not possible,
analyze the cause, adjust the parameters shown below, and then return to “Acquisition of index
values under normal conditions.”

Press Freq Index Sensor Selection

Press Freq Filter Constant
Press Freq Calc PV High Limit
Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit

C-4
 The procedures stated in “Acquisition of index values under normal conditions” and
“Clogging simulation test” refer to the following parameters and process variables.

Pressure Frequency Index

Press Freq Index Max
Press Freq Index Min
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation Max
Standard Deviation Min

The standard deviation values are not directly used to diagnose clogging, but it may be
necessary to refer to them during parameter adjustment. Therefore, it is recommended that
they be collected at the same time as the pressure frequency indexes.

C-2-4. Configuration procedures

This section describes the configuration procedures in order.

C-2-4-1. Preparation
Before starting configuration, initialize the parameters.

 Procedure 
(1) Set Press Freq Index Sensor Selection to “DP, 120 ms.”
(2) Set Press Freq Filter Constant to “0.15.”
(3) Set Press Freq Calc PV High Limit to “Upper Range Value.”
(4) Set Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit to “Lower Range Value.”
(5) Set Press Freq Index Alarm Use to “Disabled” (operation off ).

C-2-4-2. Acquisition of index values under normal operating conditions

Obtain the index value under normal operating conditions without clogging in the connecting
pipe. The collected pressure frequency index and standard deviation values are used to judge
the possibility of diagnosis and to adjust the parameters in later steps.

 Procedure 
(1) Check that the connecting pipe is operating normally. When a valve such as a manifold
valve is attached to the connecting pipe, check that the pressure can be measured.
(2) Execute Reset Press Freq Index and Reset Standard Deviation. Note that after Reset Press
Freq Index is executed, the correct values for Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index
Min, and Press Freq Index Max cannot be obtained for a short period of time. After Reset
Press Freq Index has been executed, wait until the first index calculation is completed.
(3) Wait for at least 30 minutes, and if possible one hour.
(4) Obtain the pressure frequency index and its minimum and maximum values, and the PV,
and record them.
(5) Obtain the values of Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation Min, and Standard
Deviation Max as reference values, and record them.
If there are multiple operating conditions, perform the steps above under as many conditions
as possible and collect the data. The reason for this is that the pressure frequency index value
may vary depending on the operating conditions, even when the process state is normal.
Covering as many conditions as possible will enable judging of the possibility of diagnosis and
parameter adjustment to be carried out more reliably.

C-5
C-2-4-3. Clogging simulation test
If a valve such as a stop valve is connected to the connecting pipe, the valve can be utilized to
conduct the clogging simulation test. The pressure frequency index and standard deviation
values that are collected in the clogging simulation state are used to judge the possibility of
diagnosis and to adjust the parameters in later steps.

CAUTION
When the valve of the connecting pipe is closed completely, the transmitter cannot
measure the correct value. In addition, even when the valve is not closed completely, the
delay before the process variable follows a change in pressure may be long. (This symptom
is the same as when the damping time constant of the transmitter is made larger.) When
conducting the clogging simulation test, exercise great care so that the test does not
interfere with process safety or control.

 Procedure 
(1) Close the valve of the connecting pipe either completely or so that it is slightly open (with
a small amount of fluid flow).
(2) Execute Reset Press Freq Index and Reset Standard Deviation. (3) Wait 20 minutes or
more.
(4) Record the values for Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index Min, Press Freq Index
Max, and the PV.
(5) Obtain the values for Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation Min, and Standard
Deviation Max as reference values, and record them.

If there are multiple operating conditions and the index value under normal operating
conditions varies depending on the operating conditions, it is recommended that the steps
described above be repeated under each operating condition.
In the clogging simulation test, the valve of the connecting pipe needs to be sufficiently closed.
The reason for this is that the low-pass filter effect due to clogging as described in “Principle”
above does not occur if the flow path resistance caused by clogging (resistance to fluid flow) is
not sufficiently high.

C-6
C-2-4-4. Judging the possibility of diagnosis
Whether or not clogging can be diagnosed can be judged according to the index and its
maximum and minimum values collected under normal operating conditions (section C-2-4-
2) and under a simulated clogged condition (section C-2-4-3).

Judgment criteria
• The maximum index value with simulated clogging is smaller than the minimum
index value under normal operating conditions.
• The difference between the minimum under normal operating conditions and the
maximum with simulated clogging is equivalent to or larger than the difference
between the minimum and maximum under normal operating conditions.
Index value

Maximum value under

normal operating conditions Diagnosis is possible.
Minimum value under
normal operating conditions The larger the difference
between the minimum
under normal operating
conditions and the maximum
Maximum value under with simulated clogging
simulated clogging
Minimum value under
simulated clogging

Normal condition Simulated clogging

Diagnosis is not possible

The above conditions are not satisfied.
or difficult.

The minimum condition for diagnosis is that the maximum with simulated clogging is smaller
than the minimum under normal conditions. If this condition is not satisfied, the index value
may decrease to the value with simulated clogging even when the connecting pipe is operating
normally. Therefore, the conditions are not suitable for diagnosis. In cases where the index
value under normal conditions varies depending on the operating conditions, judgment
should be based on the values when the minimum index value is at its smallest.
The larger the difference between the minimum under normal operating conditions and the
maximum with simulated clogging, the easier diagnosis is. Therefore, this value is important.
A reference for judging whether diagnosis is possible is that this difference is equivalent to or
larger than the difference between the minimum value and maximum value under normal
operating conditions. If this difference is less than half of the difference between the minimum
and maximum under normal conditions, diagnosis will probably be difficult. The reason for
this is that the index will be close to its value with clogging even under normal conditions, so
it will be difficult to distinguish between normal and abnormal states. In this case, conditions
are probably inappropriate for diagnosis.

If diagnosis is judged to be possible, go on to section C-2-4-5 and set the diagnostic alarm.
If diagnosis is judged to be not possible, go to section C-2-4-6 and consider parameter
adjustment.

CAUTION
T he position of a clog may affect the amount of variation of the pressure frequency index.
In particular, if the fluid is a compressible fluid or gas, the effect can be significant. In such
a case, if clogging is closer to the process side, the amount of variation will be greater.
Therefore, when the position where clogging actually occurs is closer to the transmitter
than the position of the simulated clogging, changes in the index value will be small or
almost zero in comparison to those in the simulation test. Likewise, when the position
where clogging actually occurs is closer to the process as compared to the position of the
simulated clog, changes in the index will be greater than in the simulation test.

C-7
C-2-4-5. Setting of the diagnosis alarm
If diagnosis is judged to be possible, set the alarm. If you do not want to activate the alarm,
omit the steps in this section.

CAUTION
The procedures described in this document do not guarantee the detection of clogging
or the elimination of false indications. The pressure frequency index may change due
to causes other than clogging, and may also depend on the degree of clogging or the
material of the clog. Adjusting the settings should be done with the realization that
there is no threshold value setting that can eliminate misinformation and securely detect
clogging only.

First, determine the alarm threshold value. This threshold should be between the minimum
index value under normal conditions and the maximum with simulated clogging. If the
threshold is put close to the minimum under normal operating conditions, the alarm will be
activated earlier, but the possibility of a false alarm is also higher. Put the threshold at a certain
distance away from the minimum under normal operating conditions, leaving a margin.

Index value

Index value range

under the normal
operating conditions Minimum value
under normal
Threshold operating conditions
value Maximum value
under simulated clogging

After determining the threshold value, follow the steps below to set the alarm and start the
diagnosis.

 Procedure 
(1) Execute Reset Press Freq Index.
(2) Set Press Freq Index Low Limit to the determined threshold value.
(3) Set Press Freq Index Alarm Use “Enabled (Low)” (lower limit only).

With these settings, when the index value is outside the normal range and approaches the
value with simulated clogging, the alarm is activated.

C-8
C-2-4-6. Parameter adjustment
If diagnosis is judged to be not possible, the data collected under normal operating conditions
(section C-2-4-2) and when there is simulated clogging (section C-2-4-3) can be analyzed and
the parameters adjusted.
The reason why diagnosis cannot be performed is that the index value—even under normal
operating conditions—is similar to or smaller than that when there is clogging, so the normal
and clogged states cannot be distinguished. There are two primary causes leading for this
situation.

• A large amount of variation of the index under normal conditions

• A small variation of the index when there is clogging

This situation may be improved by adjusting the parameters of the pressure frequency index
diagnosis. The following describes the two cases.

(A) Variation of the index under normal operating conditions is large.

In this case, although the value of the index is small with simulated clogging, variation in the
index is large under normal conditions, so the index value can be close to or equivalent to its
value with clogging even when there is no clogging, as shown in the figure below.

Index value Index value

Maximum value Maximum value

under normal under normal
operating conditions operating conditions
Minimum value Slight difference Maximum value
under normal under simulated Value being overlapping
operating conditions clogging

Maximum value Minimum value

under simulated under normal
clogging operating conditions

Minimum value Minimum value

under simulated under simulated
clogging clogging

Normal condition Simulated clogging Normal condition Simulated clogging

condition condition

In this case, it is necessary to examine the cause of the large variation that occurs under
normal conditions, and to reduce this effect. Use the following the guidelines for adjustment.

Guidelines for parameter adjustment

The index value sometimes
decreases significantly under normal
Increase the Press Freq Filter Constant in steps of
operating conditions. At this time,
0.02 - 0.05.
the process variable changes or the
standard deviation becomes large.
Check whether the operating conditions are related to
the process variable. If there is a PV range where the
difference between the maximum index value and the
The index value under normal minimum is relatively small, or a PV range where the
operating conditions changes minimum under normal conditions is not small, set
significantly depending on the Press Freq Calc PV High Limit and Press Freq Calc
operating conditions. PV Low Limit to the values of this range. When these
parameters are used, diagnosis should be carried out
only when pressure is applied, and should be stopped
when no pressure is applied.

C-9
 (B) The variation of the index when there is a clog is small.
In this case, although variation in the index is relatively small under normal operating
conditions, the value of the index is almost the same as with simulated clogging, as shown in
the figure below. In this case, the index value under normal operating conditions is similar
to that with clogging, or the index value is almost the same even when clogging occurs. In
either case, it is necessary to examine the cause and to minimize this effect. Use the following
guidelines for adjustment.

Index value Index value

Maximum value under normal Maximum value under normal
operating conditions operating conditions
Minimum value under normal Minimum value under normal
operating conditions operating conditions

Maximum value under simulated Maximum value under simulated

clogging clogging

Minimum value under simulated Minimum value under simulated

clogging The difference with that of clogging Cannot make a distinction
the clog simulated condition is small as values are overlapped

Normal condition Simulated clogging Normal condition Simulated clogging

condition condition

Guidelines for parameter adjustment

Phenomenon Adjustment
Since the process variable fluctuates and
there is always low-frequency pressure
Increase the Press Freq Filter Constant in
fluctuation, the value of the index is small
steps of 0.02 - 0.05.
even under normal operating conditions. The
standard deviation is relatively large.
The PV does not change and the standard
deviation is also small. The frequency of the Change the Press Freq Index Sensor
original pressure fluctuation is low and the Selection. If the present value is “DP, 120 ms”,
index value is small. (The reference index set it to “DP, 240 ms,” and if the present value
value is 0.1 or less under normal operating is “DP, 240 ms,” set it to “DP, 360 ms.”
conditions.) Fluid viscosity is high.
The magnitude and frequency of the original
pressure fluctuation are acceptable. (The
reference index value is 0.2 or more under Decrease the Press Freq Filter Constant in
normal operating conditions.) However, steps of 0.02 - 0.05.
the value is almost the same when there is
clogging.

C-10
C-2-4-7. Clogging simulation test cannot be conducted.
When the clogging simulation test cannot be conducted, only the index value data under
normal operating conditions (index values collected in section C-2-4-2) can be used to
determine the threshold value.
When many index values can be collected, calculate the average value (μ) and standard
deviation (σ), and determine the threshold value based on μ ± nσ. To eliminate
misinformation, a value from 4 to 6 is recommended for n.
The threshold value can also be determined using the maximum (xmax) and minimum
(xmin) index values. For example, the threshold value should be set to a value that is no more
than (xmax - xmin)/2 from the minimum value, as shown in the figure below.

Index value

xmax
Index value range
under the normal
operating conditions
xmin
(xmax xmin)/2
Threshold
value (Low)

Note that the threshold value determined using only the index value data under normal
operating conditions is not always appropriate. The index value may become smaller than the
threshold value due to causes other than clogging, or the index value may not become smaller
than the threshold value even when clogging occurs. Observe changes in the index value for
a short period after the threshold value has been determined, and then check that the index
value does not become smaller than the threshold value under normal operating conditions,
and that the difference between the correct value range and threshold value is not large. Revise
the threshold value when necessary.

C-11
C-3. Setting using a differential pressure gauge

C-3-1. Clogging and pressure frequency index

The pressure frequency index may vary depending on clogging in the connecting pipe.
The pressure frequency index may either become smaller or larger due to clogging in the
connecting pipe. In differential pressure measurement, there is a connecting pipe on both
the high pressure and low pressure sides. When both pipes are clogged over a certain level,
the pressure frequency index will decrease. However, the index will increase or not change
significantly as clogging progresses. The reason for this is explained below.

In differential pressure measurement, the fluctuation in the differential pressure is used

to calculate the pressure frequency index (excluding the case where static pressure sensor
is selected in the Press Freq Index Sensor Selection). Differential pressure fluctuation is
a combination of the fluctuation on the high pressure side and the fluctuation on the low
pressure side. Therefore, when there are common components in the fluctuation on both
sides, under normal conditions they cancel each other out and the detected fluctuation
becomes smaller than the original common component. In such a case, if the balance between
the fluctuation on the two sides changes, the components that canceled each other out
under normal operating conditions expand, and the fluctuation becomes larger than under
normal operating conditions. Therefore, when there is a certain difference in the amount of
clogging between the high and low pressure sides, that is, when one side only is clogged, the
pressure frequency index will be larger than under normal operating conditions. In addition,
depending on the relationship between the cause of increase in the index and the cause of
decrease in the index, the index value may not change even when clogging occurs. Note that
when both connecting pipes are clogged over a certain level, the cause of decrease in the
index will become stronger, so that the index value eventually will become small as clogging
progresses.

C-3-2. Points to note regarding the diagnosis of clogging

When the pressure frequency index is used to diagnose clogging in the connecting pipe,
observe the cautions below.
When the fluctuation is very small or when the fluctuation frequency is low, clogging cannot
be diagnosed. The reason for this is that the pressure or differential pressure needs to include a
sufficient number of fluctuations to calculate the pressure frequency index accurately. Specific
examples are listed below.

• There is no fluid flow, or flow velocity is very slow.

• Fluid viscosity is high.

Variation in the pressure frequency index does not always mean that clogging in the
connecting pipe has occurred. The index may vary due to other factors, such as the following.

• A change in the operating conditions of the pump, compressor, etc. (ON/OFF, number of
units, RPM, etc.)
• Air bubbles entering the process piping or connecting pipe.
• A change in the viscosity of the process fluid
• Flow velocity variation caused by valve hunting

C-12
Note that whether or not the cause is clogging can be inferred by comparing the pressure
frequency index and the standard deviation with their values when conditions are normal. If
the standard deviation increases at the same time that the pressure frequency index decreases,
it is probable that, rather than a decrease in high-frequency fluctuation due to clogging, there
has been an increase in low-frequency fluctuation due to some other cause.

Whether or not the status in which only one side of the connecting pipe is clogged is detected
may vary depending on the various conditions such as fluid conditions or characteristics of
the differential pressure generation mechanism (orifice, etc.). To understand whether or not
detection is possible beforehand, it is strongly recommended that it is checked beforehand
according to the clogging simulation test stated in section A-3-4-3.

Depending on materials that cause clogging, even when clogging occurs, variations in
index are small and no alarm is activated. For example, it is understood that when there
are clearances, even when a clogged state due to gravel exists, the pressure fluctuation is
transmitted through the clearances, and changes in index become small.

If the frequency of pressure fluctuation is abnormal from the beginning, as is a case where the
connecting pipe was clogged from the start, it may not be possible to diagnose the clogging.
Do the setup procedures (section C-3-4) when the connecting pipe is operating normally.

Even if clogging occurs suddenly, the pressure frequency index will not change immediately.
This is because it takes a few minutes to calculate the frequency of the pressure fluctuation
with a high level of accuracy.

If the transmitter is installed in an environment subject to heavy vibration, the pressure

frequency index may be affected, preventing correct diagnosis.

C-13
C-3-3. Parameter configuration procedures
To diagnose clogging in the connecting pipe using the pressure frequency index, parameters
must be set. Use the configuration procedure below.

Preparation
x

Acquisition of index values

under normal conditions
x

Clogging simulation test

x Note:

Judge the possibility If not possible

Parameter adjustment
of diagnosis
x x
Possible

Setting of the alarm

Start the diagnosis

Preparation (see section C-3-4-1): Initialize the parameters in preparation for obtaining the
index values.
Acquisition of index values under normal conditions (see section C-3-4-2): Obtain index
values under normal conditions, and also the maximum and minimum index values.
Clogging simulation test (see section C-3-4-3): Operate the valve of the connecting pipe to
simulate a clog and obtain index values. Do a both-side clogging simulation test that simulates
clogging
on both the high and low pressure sides, and a one-side clogging simulation test that simulates
clogging on one side only.
Note : If you cannot conduct the clogging simulation test, skip sections C-3-4-3 to C-3-4-7,
and go to section C-3-4-8.

Judging the possibility of diagnosis (see section C-3-4-4): Determine whether or not you can
differentiate between a normal state and a simulated clogged state by comparing their index
values. Setting the alarm (see section C-3-4-5): If diagnosis is judged to be possible, adjust
the parameters shown below to set an alarm based on the collected index values. When the
configuration process is complete, the diagnosis can begin.

Press Freq Index Alarm Use

Press Freq Index Low Limit
Press Freq Index High Limit

Parameter adjustment (see section C-3-4-6 and C-3-4-7): If distinguishing the two states
is not possible, analyze the cause, adjust the parameters shown below, and then return to
“Acquisition of index values under normal conditions.”

Press Freq Index Sensor Selection

Press Freq Filter Constant
Press Freq Calc PV High Limit
Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit

C-14
The procedures stated in “Acquisition of index values under normal conditions” and
“Clogging simulation test” refer to the following parameters and process variables.

Pressure Frequency Index

Press Freq Index Max
Press Freq Index Min
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation Max
Standard Deviation Min

The standard deviation values are not directly used to diagnose clogging, but it may be
necessary to refer to them during parameter adjustment. Therefore, it is recommended that
they be collected at the same time as the pressure frequency indexes.

C-15
C-3-4. Configuration procedures
This section describes the configuration procedures in order.

C-3-4-1. Preparation
Before starting configuration, initialize the parameters.

 Procedure 
(1) Set Press Freq Index Sensor Selection to “DP, 120 ms.”
(2) Set Press Freq Filter Constant to “0.15.”
(3) Set Press Freq Calc PV High Limit to “Upper Range Value.”
(4) Set Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit to “Lower Range Value.”
(5) Set Press Freq Index Alarm Use to “Disabled” (operation off ).

C-3-4-2. Acquisition of the index values under normal operating conditions

Obtain the index value under normal operating conditions without clogging in the connecting
pipe. The collected pressure frequency index and standard deviation values are used to judge
the possibility of diagnosis and to adjust the parameters in later steps.

 Procedure 
(1) Check that the connecting pipe is operating normally. When a valve such as a manifold
valve is attached to the connecting pipe, check that the pressure can be measured.
(2) Execute Reset Press Freq Index and Reset Standard Deviation. Note that after Reset Press
Freq Index is executed, the correct values for Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index
Min, and Press Freq Index Max cannot be obtained for a short period. After Reset Press
Freq Index has been executed, wait until the first index calculation is completed.
(3) Wait for at least 30 minutes, and if possible one hour.
(4) Obtain the values of Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index Min, Press Freq Index
Max, and the process variable, and record them.
(5) Obtain the values of Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation Min, and Standard
Deviation Max as reference values, and record them.

If there are multiple operating conditions, perform the steps above under as many conditions
as possible and collect the data. The reason for this is that the pressure frequency index value
may vary depending on the operating conditions, even when the process state is normal.
Covering
as many conditions as possible will enable judging of the possibility of diagnosis and
parameter adjustment to be carried out more reliably.

C-16
C-3-4-3. Clogging simulation test
If a valve such as a manifold valve is connected to the connecting pipe, the valve can be
utilized to conduct the clogging simulation test. The pressure frequency index and standard
deviation values that are collected in the clogging simulation state are used to judge the
possibility of diagnosis and to adjust the parameters in later steps.
Three kinds of clogging simulation test are conducted. The both-side clogging simulation test,
in which valves on both the high pressure and low pressure sides are closed, and the one-side
clogging simulation test, in which the valve on one side only is closed, are conducted. Two
kinds of one-side clogging simulation test are conducted, one where the high pressure side is
closed, and the other where the low pressure side is closed.

CAUTION
When the valve of the connecting pipe is closed completely, the transmitter cannot
measure the correct value. In addition, even when the valve is not closed completely, the
delay before the process variable follows a change in pressure may be long. (This symptom
is the same as when the damping time constant of the transmitter is made larger.) When
conducting the clogging simulation test, exercise great care so that the test does not
interfere with process safety or control.

 Procedure 
(1) Close the valve of the connecting pipe either completely or so that it is slightly open (with
a small amount of fluid flow).

• For the both-side clogging simulation test, close the valves of the connecting pipes on both
the high and low pressure sides.
• For the one-side clogging simulation test (high pressure side), open the valve of the
connecting pipe on the high pressure side and close only the valve on the low pressure side.
• For the one-side clogging simulation test (low pressure side), close the valve of the
connecting pipe on the high pressure side and open the valve on the low pressure side.

(2) Execute Reset Press Freq Index and Reset Standard Deviation. (3) Wait 20 minutes or
more.
(4) Record the values for Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index Min, Press Freq Index
Max, and the PV.
(5) Obtain the values for Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation Min, and Standard
Deviation Max as reference values, and record them.

If there are multiple operating conditions and the index value under normal operating
conditions varies depending on the operating conditions, it is recommended that the steps
described above be repeated under each operating condition.
In the clogging simulation test, the valve of the connecting pipe needs to be sufficiently closed.
The reason for this is that the low-pass filter effect due to clogging as described in “Principle”
above does not occur if the flow path resistance caused by clogging (resistance to fluid flow) is
not sufficiently high.

C-17
C-3-4-4. Judging the possibility of diagnosis
Whether or not clogging can be diagnosed can be judged according to the index and its
maximum and minimum values collected under normal operating conditions (section C-3-4-
2) and under a simulated clogged condition (section C-3-4-3)
(A) Judging the possibility of both-side clogging diagnosis

Judgment criteria
• The maximum index value with simulated clogging (both side) is
smaller than the minimum index value under normal operating
conditions.
• The difference between the minimum under normal operating
conditions and the maximum with simulated clogging is equivalent
to or larger than the difference between the minimum and
maximum under normal operating conditions.
Index value
Diagnosis is
Maximum value
under normal possible
operating conditions
Minimum value
under normal The larger the difference
operating conditions between the minimum
under normal operating
Maximum value conditions and
under simulated the maximum with
clogging simulated clogging

Minimum value
under simulated
clogging
Normal condition Simulated clogging
condition

Diagnosis is not
The above conditions are not satisfied.
possible or difficult

The minimum condition for diagnosis is that the maximum with simulated clogging is smaller
than the minimum under normal conditions. If this condition is not satisfied, the index value
may decrease to the value with simulated clogging even when the connecting pipe is operating
normally. Therefore, the conditions are not suitable for diagnosis. In cases where the index
value under normal conditions varies depending on the operating conditions, judgment
should be based on the values when the minimum index value is at its smallest.
The larger the difference between the minimum under normal operating conditions and the
maximum with simulated clogging, the easier diagnosis is. Therefore, this value is important.
A reference for judging whether diagnosis is possible is that this difference is equivalent to or
larger than the difference between the minimum value and maximum value under normal
operating conditions. If this difference is less than half of the difference between the minimum
and maximum under normal conditions, diagnosis will probably be difficult. The reason for
this is that the index will be close to its value with clogging even under normal conditions, so
it will be difficult to distinguish between normal and abnormal states. In this case, conditions
are probably inappropriate for diagnosis.
If diagnosis is judged to be possible, go on to the next step and judge the possibility of one-side
clogging diagnosis.
If diagnosis is judged to be not possible, go to section C-3-4-6 and consider parameter
adjustment.

C-18
(B) Judging the possibility of one-side clogging diagnosis

Judgment criteria
• The maximum value in either the one-side clogging simulation
state on the high pressure or low pressure side is smaller than the
minimum value under normal operating conditions.
• The difference between the minimum under normal operating
conditions and the maximum with simulated clogging is equivalent
to or larger than the difference between the minimum and
maximum under normal operating conditions.
Index value
Diagnosis is
Maximum value
under normal possible (Case A)
operating conditions
Minimum value
under normal The larger the difference
operating conditions between the minimum
under normal operating
Maximum value conditions and
under simulated the maximum with
clogging simulated clogging

Minimum value
under simulated
clogging
Normal condition Simulated clogging
condition

• With simulated one-side clogging, the minimum index value on

either the high or low pressure side, or on both sides, is larger than
the maximum value under normal operating conditions.
• The difference between the index value under normal operating
conditions and the index value with simulated clogging is equivalent
to or larger than the difference between the minimum and
maximum values under normal operating conditions.

The following diagram is an example of such case. There may be times

when the index value will increase no matter which one of them gets
clogged. Diagnosis is
Index value possible (Case B)
Maximum value with simulated
clogging(High-pressure side)

Minimum value with simulated

clogging(High-pressure side)
There may be times when
Maximum value under the index value will increase
normal operating conditions

Minimum value under

normal operating conditions
It is acceptable for the index
value to decrease sometimes
Maximum value with simulated
clogging(Low-pressure side)

Minimum value with simulated

clogging(Low-pressure side)
Normal condition Simulated clogging Simulated clogging
condition condition
(High pressure side) (Low pressure side)

Diagnosis is not
• The above conditions are not satisfied.
possible or difficult.

If the diagnosis is judged to be possible, go to section C-3-4-5 and set the diagnostic alarm.
If only the one-side diagnosis is judged to be not possible, go to section C-3-4-7 and change
the settings to enable easier detection of one-side clogging, or set only both-side clogging for
the diagnosis target, and then set the diagnosis alarm as described in section C-3-4-5.

C-19
C-3-4-5. Setting the diagnosis alarm
When diagnosis is judged to be possible, set the alarm. If you do not want to activate the
alarm, omit the steps in this section.

CAUTION
T he procedures described in this document do not guarantee the detection of clogging
or the elimination of false indications. The pressure frequency index may change due
to causes other than clogging, and may also depend on the degree of clogging or the
material of the clog. Adjusting the settings should be done with the realization that
there is no threshold value setting that can eliminate misinformation and securely detect
clogging only.

(A) When using both-side clogging diagnosis only, or when judging case A in section C-3-4-4
First, determine the alarm threshold value. Determine only the lower limit value. This
threshold should be between the minimum index value under normal conditions and the
maximum with simulated clogging. If the threshold is put close to the minimum under
normal operating conditions, the alarm will be activated earlier, but the possibility of a false
alarm is also higher. Put the threshold at a certain distance away from the minimum under
normal operating conditions, leaving a margin.

Index value

Index value range

under the normal
operating conditions Minimum value
under normal
operating conditions
Threshold value
(Low limit) Maximum value
under simulated
clogging

After determining the threshold value, follow the steps below to set the alarm and start the
diagnosis.

 Procedure 
(1) Execute Reset Press Freq Index.
(2) Set Press Freq Index Low Limit to the determined threshold value (lower limit).
(3) Set Press Freq Index Alarm Use “Enabled (Low)” (lower limit only).

With these settings, when the index value is outside the normal range and approaches the
value with simulated clogging, the alarm is activated.

(B) When judging case B in section C-3-4-4

First, determine both the upper limit and lower limit of the alarm threshold value. The
threshold value (upper limit) should be put between the maximum value under normal
operating conditions and the minimum value that increases the value of the index in the
one-side clogging simulation. The threshold value (lower limit) should be put between the
minimum value under normal operating conditions and the maximum value in the both-side
clogging simulation. If the threshold is put close to the minimum value or maximum value
under normal operating conditions, the alarm will be activated earlier, but the possibility of a
false alarm is also higher. Put the threshold at a certain distance away from the minimum or
maximum values under normal operating conditions, leaving a margin.

C-20
 Minimum value of
Index value one-side clogging
simulation test

Threshold value
(High limit) Maximum value
x max under normal
Index value range operating conditions
under the normal
operating conditions Minimum value
x under normal
min
operating conditions
Threshold value
(Low limit) Maximum value of
both-side clogging
simulation test

After determining the threshold value, follow the steps below to set the alarm and start the
diagnosis.

 Procedure 
(1) Execute Reset Press Freq Index.
(2) Set Press Freq Index Low Limit to the determined threshold value (lower limit).
(3) Set Press Freq Index High Limit to the determined threshold value (upper limit).
(4) Set Press Freq Index Alarm Use “Enabled (High and Low)” (upper and lower limits).

With these settings, when the index value is outside the normal range and approaches the
value with simulated clogging, the alarm is activated.

C-3-4-6. Parameter adjustment (for both-side clogging diagnosis)

If both-side clogging diagnosis is judged to be not possible, the data that is collected under
normal operating conditions (section C-3-4-2) and when there is simulated clogging (C-3-
4-3) can be analyzed and the parameters adjusted. The reason why diagnosis cannot be
performed is that the index value—even under normal operating conditions—is similar
to or smaller than that when there is clogging, so the normal and clogged states cannot be
distinguished. There are two primary causes leading for this situation.

• A large amount of variation of the index under normal conditions

• A small variation of the index when there is clogging

This situation may be improved by adjusting the parameters of the pressure frequency index
diagnosis. The following describes the two cases.

(A) Variation of the index under normal operating conditions is large.

In this case, although the value of the index is small with simulated clogging, variation in the
index is large under normal conditions, so the index value can be close to or equivalent to its
value with clogging even when there is no clogging, as shown in the figure below.

C-21
 Index value Index value

Maximum value
Maximum value under normal
under normal operating conditions
operating conditions
Maximum value Value being overlapping
Minimum value Slight difference under simulated
under normal clogging
operating conditions
Minimum value
under normal
Maximum value operating conditions
under simulated
clogging
Minimum value
Minimum value under simulated
under simulated clogging
clogging
Normal condition Simulated clogging Normal condition Simulated clogging
condition condition

In this case, it is necessary to examine the cause of the large variation that occurs under
normal conditions, and to reduce this effect. Use the following the guidelines for adjustment.

Guidelines for parameter adjustment

Phenomenon Adjustment
The index value sometimes decreases
significantly under normal operating
Decrease the Press Freq Filter Constant in
conditions. At this time, the process variable
steps of 0.02 - 0.05.
changes or the standard deviation becomes
large.
Check whether the operating conditions are
related to the process variable. If there is a
PV range where the difference between the
maximum index value and the minimum
is relatively small, or a PV range where the
minimum under normal conditions is not
The index value under normal operating
small, set Press Freq Calc PV High Limit and
conditions changes significantly depending
Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit to the values
on the operating conditions.
of this range.
When these parameters are used, diagnosis
should be carried out only when there is a
flow, and should be stopped when the flow is
stopped. By doing so, diagnosis can be done
reliably even if the fluid flow is intermittent.

C-22
 (B) The variation of the index when there is a clog is small.
In this case, although variation in the index is relatively small under normal operating
conditions, the value of the index is almost the same as with simulated clogging, as shown in
the figure below.

Index value Index value

Maximum value under normal Maximum value under normal
operating conditions operating conditions
Minimum value under normal Minimum value under normal
operating conditions operating conditions

Maximum value under simulated Maximum value under simulated

clogging clogging

Minimum value under simulated Minimum value under simulated

clogging The difference with that of clogging Cannot make a distinction
the clog simulated condition is small as values are overlapped

Normal condition Simulated clogging Normal condition Simulated clogging

condition condition

In this case, the index value under normal operating conditions is similar to that with
clogging, or the index value is almost the same even when clogging occurs. In either case, it is
necessary to examine the cause and to minimize this effect. Use the following guidelines for
adjustment.

Guidelines for parameter adjustment

Phenomenon Adjustment
Since the process variable fluctuates and
there is always low-frequency pressure
Decrease the Press Freq Filter Constant in
fluctuation, the value of the index is small
steps of 0.02 - 0.05.
even under normal operating conditions. The
standard deviation is relatively large.
Change the Press Freq Index Sensor
The PV does not change and the standard
Selection. If the present value is “DP, 120 ms”,
deviation is also small. The frequency of the
set it to “DP, 240 ms,” and if the present value
original pressure fluctuation is low and the
is “DP, 240 ms,” set it to “DP, 360 ms.”
index value is small. (The reference index
Note :This adjustment can be performed
value is 0.1 or less under normal operating
only when DP is selected for the Press
conditions.) Fluid viscosity is high.
Freq Index Sensor Selection.
The magnitude and frequency of the original
pressure fluctuation are acceptable. (The
reference index value is 0.2 or more under Decrease the Press Freq Filter Constant in
normal operating conditions.) However, steps of 0.02 - 0.05.
the value is almost the same when there is
clogging.

C-23
C-3-4-7. Parameter adjustment (for single side clog diagnosis)
If both-side clogging can be diagnosed but not one-side clogging, changing the Press Freq
Index Sensor Selection to “SP, 360 ms” may make diagnosis possible. However, this change
lowers the performance of both-side clogging diagnosis. Furthermore, changing the parameter
does not necessarily ensure the reliable diagnosis of one-side clogging. Be sure you understand
these points before changing the parameter.
After the parameter has been changed, return to section C-3-4-1, and obtain the index value
under normal operating conditions again. Since the data collected so far cannot be used,
follow sections C-3-4-1 to C-3-4-4 again to collect the data. If both-side clogging cannot be
diagnosed after the parameter has been changed, and the possibility of diagnosing one-side
clogging has not changed, change the setting back to its previous value. Then set the diagnosis
alarm for the case where only both-side clogging is diagnosed, referring to section C-3-4-5.

C-3-4-8. Clogging simulation test cannot be conducted.

When the clogging simulation test cannot be conducted, only the index value data under
normal operating conditions (index values collected in section C-3-4-2) can be used to
determine the threshold value. When many index values can be collected, calculate the
average value (μ) and standard deviation (σ), and determine the threshold value based on μ ±
nσ. To eliminate misinformation, a value from 4 to 6 is recommended for n.
If only the maximum (xmax) and minimum (xmin) index values are known, the threshold
value can also be determined using these values. For example, the threshold value should be
set to a value that is no more than (xmax−xmin)/2 from the minimum value, as shown in the
figure below.

Index value

Threshold
value(High)
(x x )/2
max min
x max
Index value range
under the normal
operating conditions
x
min
(x x )/2
Threshold max min
value(Low)

Note that the threshold value determined only using the index value data under normal
operating conditions is not always appropriate. The index value may reach the threshold value
due to causes other than clogging, or the index value may not change to the threshold value
even when clogging occurs. Observe changes in the index value for a short period after the
threshold value has been determined, and then check that the index value does not exceed
the threshold value under normal operating conditions, and that the difference between the
correct value range and threshold value
is not large. Revise the threshold value when necessary. Also, if the clogging simulation test
is not conducted, it is difficult to predict the behavior of the index when one side is clogged.
Therefore, even when the threshold value is set to the Press Freq Index High Limit, it is not
relevant for clogging diagnosis.

C-24
C-4. Setting using a level meter

C-4-1. Clogging and the pressure frequency index

The pressure frequency index varies depending on clogging in the connecting pipe. Generally,
the pressure frequency index becomes smaller as clogging progresses. Normally, the pressure
frequency index does not become larger.

C-4-2. Points to note regarding the diagnosis of clogging

When the pressure frequency index is used to diagnose clogging in the connecting pipe,
observe the cautions shown below.
If the fluctuation is very small or its frequency is low, clogging cannot be diagnosed. This is
because the pressure and differential pressure need to include sufficient perturbation in order
to calculate the pressure frequency index with high accuracy. The following is a list of specific
examples.
• There is no fluid flow, or flow velocity is very slow.
• Fluid viscosity is high.
• There is no fluctuation source due to the fact that no fluid is flowing in or out to/from the
tank or the fluid is not agitated.

Variation in the pressure frequency index does not always mean that clogging in the
connecting pipe has occurred. The index may vary due to other factors, such as the following.
• A change in the operating conditions of the pump, compressor, agitator, etc. (ON/OFF,
number of units, RPM, etc.)
• A change in the viscosity of the process fluid

Depending on the material that causes clogging, it is possible that variation in the index will
be too small for an alarm to be activated. For example, if the clog is made of something like
gravel, where there are gaps, the pressure fluctuation can be transmitted through the gaps, and
there will not be much change in the index.
If the frequency of pressure fluctuation is abnormal from the beginning, as is a case where the
connecting pipe was clogged from the start, it may not be possible to diagnose the clogging.
Do the setup procedures (C-4–4) when the connecting pipe is operating normally.
Even if clogging occurs suddenly, the pressure frequency index will not change immediately.
This is because it takes a few minutes to calculate the frequency of the pressure fluctuation
with a high level of accuracy.
If the transmitter is installed in an environment subject to heavy vibration, the pressure
frequency index may be affected, preventing correct diagnosis.

C-25
C-4-3. Parameter configuration procedures
To diagnose clogging in the connecting pipe using the pressure frequency index, parameters
must be set. Use the configuration procedure below.

Preparation
x

Acquisition of index values

under normal conditions
x

Clogging simulation test

x Note:

Judge the possibility If not possible

of diagnosis Parameter adjustment
x x
Possible

Setting of the alarm

x

Start the diagnosis

Preparation (see section C-4-4-1): Initialize the parameters in preparation for obtaining the
index values.
Acquisition of index values under normal conditions (see section C-4-4-2): Obtain index
values under normal conditions, and also the maximum and minimum index values.
Clogging simulation test (see section C-4-4-3): Operate the valve of the connecting pipe to
simulate a clog and obtain index values.
Note : If you cannot conduct the clogging simulation test, skip sections C-4-4-3 to C-4-4-6,
and then read section C-4-4-7.

Judging the possibility of diagnosis (see section C-4-4-4): Determine whether or not you can
differentiate between a normal state and a simulated clogged state by comparing their index
values. Setting the alarm (see section C-4-4-5): If diagnosis is judged to be possible, adjust
the parameters shown below to set an alarm based on the collected index values. When the
configuration process is complete, the diagnosis can begin.

Press Freq Index Alarm Use

Press Freq Index Low Limit

Parameter adjustment (see section C-4-4-6): If distinguishing the two states is not possible,
analyze the cause, adjust the parameters shown below, and then return to “Acquisition of index
values under normal conditions.”

Press Freq Index Sensor Selection

Press Freq Filter Constant
Press Freq Calc PV High Limit
Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit

C-26
 The procedures stated in “Acquisition of index values under normal conditions” and
“Clogging simulation test” refer to the following parameters and process variables.

Pressure Frequency Index

Press Freq Index Max
Press Freq Index Min
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation Max
Standard Deviation Min
Press Freq Calc PV High Limit
Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit

The standard deviation values are not directly used to diagnose clogging, but it may be
necessary to refer to them during parameter adjustment. Therefore, it is recommended that
they be collected at the same time as the pressure frequency indexes.

C-4-4. Configuration procedures

This section describes the configuration procedures in order.

C-4-4-1. Preparation
Before starting configuration, initialize the parameters.

 Procedure 
(1) Set Press Freq Index Sensor Selection to “DP, 120 ms.”
(2) Set Press Freq Filter Constant to “0.15.”
(3) Set Press Freq Calc PV High Limit to “Upper Range Value.”
(4) Set Press Freq Calc PV Low Limit to “Lower Range Value.”
(5) Set Press Freq Index Alarm Use to “Disabled” (operation off ).

C-4-4-2. Acquisition of the index values under normal operating conditions

Obtain the index value under normal operating conditions without clogging in the connecting
pipe. The collected pressure frequency index and standard deviation values are used to judge
the possibility of diagnosis and to adjust the parameters in later steps.

 Procedure 
(1) Check that the connecting pipe is operating normally. When a valve such as a manifold
valve is attached to the connecting pipe, check that the pressure can be measured.
(2) Execute Reset Press Freq Index and Reset Standard Deviation. Note that after Reset Press
Freq Index is executed, the correct values for Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index
Min, and Press Freq Index Max cannot be obtained for a short period of time. After Reset
Press Freq Index has been executed, wait until the first index calculation is completed.
(3) Wait for at least 30 minutes, and if possible one hour.
(4) Obtain the values for Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index Min, Press Freq Index
Max, and the process variable, and record them.
(5) Obtain the values of Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation Min, and Standard
Deviation Max as reference values, and record them.

C-27
 If there are multiple operating conditions, perform the steps above under as many conditions
as possible and collect the data. The reason for this is that the pressure frequency index value
may vary depending on the operating conditions, even when the process state is normal.
Covering as many conditions as possible will enable judging of the possibility of diagnosis and
parameter adjustment to be carried out more reliably.

C-4-4-3. Clogging simulation test

If a valve such as a stop valve is connected to the connecting pipe, the valve can be utilized to
conduct the clogging simulation test. The pressure frequency index and standard deviation
values that are collected in the clogging simulation state are used to judge the possibility of
diagnosis and to adjust the parameters in later steps.

CAUTION
When the valve of the connecting pipe is closed completely, the transmitter cannot
measure the correct value. In addition, even when the valve is not closed completely, the
delay before the process variable follows changes in pressure may be long. (This symptom
is the same as when the damping time constant of the transmitter is made larger.) When
conducting the clogging simulation test, exercise great care so that the test does not
interfere with process safety or control.

 Procedure 
(1) Close the valve of the connecting pipe either completely or so that it is slightly open (with
a small amount of fluid flow).
(2) Execute Reset Press Freq Index and Reset Standard Deviation.
(3) Wait 20 minutes or more.
(4) Record the values for Pressure Frequency Index, Press Freq Index Min, Press Freq Index
Max, and the PV.
(5) Obtain the values for Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation Min, and Standard
Deviation Max as reference values, and record them.

If there are multiple operating conditions and the index value under normal operating
conditions varies depending on the operating conditions, it is recommended that the steps
described above be repeated under each operating condition.
In the clogging simulation test, the valve of the connecting pipe needs to be sufficiently closed.
The reason for this is that the low-pass filter effect due to clogging as described in “Principle”
above does not occur if the flow path resistance caused by clogging (resistance to fluid flow) is
not sufficiently high.

C-28
C-4-4-4. Judging the possibility of diagnosis
Whether or not clogging can be diagnosed can be judged according to the index and its
maximum and minimum values collected under normal operating conditions (section C-4-4-
2) and under a simulated clogged condition (section C-4-4-3).

Judgment criteria

The upper range limit of the clog simulated condition is smaller than the
lower range value during normal condition. The difference between the
minimum under normal operating conditions and the maximum with
simulated clogging is equivalent to or larger than the difference between the
minimum and maximum under normal operating conditions.

Index value
Maximum value
under normal
operating conditions
Diagnosis is possible.
Minimum value
under normal The larger the difference
operating conditions between the minimum
under normal operating
Maximum value conditions and
under simulated the maximum with
clogging simulated clogging

Minimum value
under simulated
clogging
Normal condition Simulated clogging
condition

The above conditions are not satisfied. Diagnosis is not possible or difficult.

The minimum condition for diagnosis is that the maximum with simulated clogging is smaller
than the minimum under normal conditions. If this condition is not satisfied, the index value
may decrease to the value with simulated clogging even when the connecting pipe is operating
normally. Therefore, the conditions are not suitable for diagnosis. In cases where the index
value under normal conditions varies depending on the operating conditions, judgment
should be based on the values when the minimum index value is at its smallest.
The larger the difference between the minimum under normal operating conditions and the
maximum with simulated clogging, the easier diagnosis is. Therefore, this value is important.
A reference for judging whether diagnosis is possible is that this difference is equivalent to or
larger than the difference between the minimum value and maximum value under normal
operating conditions. If this difference is less than half of the difference between the minimum
and maximum under normal conditions, diagnosis will probably be difficult. The reason for
this is that the index will be close to its value with clogging even under normal conditions, so
it will be difficult to distinguish between normal and abnormal states. In this case, conditions
are probably inappropriate for diagnosis.
If diagnosis is judged to be possible, go on to section C-4-4-5 and set the diagnostic alarm.
If diagnosis is judged to be not possible, go to section C-4-4-6 and consider parameter
adjustment.

CAUTION
The position of a clog may affect the amount of variation of the pressure frequency index.
In particular, if the fluid is a compressible fluid, the effect can be significant. In such a case,
if clogging is closer to the process side, the amount of variation will be greater. Therefore,
when the position where clogging actually occurs is closer to the transmitter than the
position of the simulated clogging, changes in the index value will be small or almost zero
in comparison to those in the simulation test. Likewise, when the position where clogging
actually occurs is closer to the process as compared to the position of the simulated clog,
changes in the index will be greater than in the simulation test.

C-29
C-4-4-5. Setting of the diagnosis alarm
If diagnosis is judged to be possible, set the alarm. If you do not want to activate the alarm,
omit the steps in this section.

CAUTION
T he procedures described in this document do not guarantee the detection of clogging
or the elimination of false indications. The pressure frequency index may change due
to causes other than clogging, and may also depend on the degree of clogging or the
material of the clog. Adjusting the settings should be done with the realization that
there is no threshold value setting that can eliminate misinformation and securely detect
clogging only.

First, determine the alarm threshold value. This threshold should be between the minimum
index value under normal conditions and the maximum with simulated clogging. If the
threshold is put close to the minimum under normal operating conditions, the alarm will be
activated earlier, but the possibility of a false alarm is also higher. Put the threshold at a certain
distance away from the minimum under normal operating conditions, leaving a margin.

Index value

Index value range

under the normal
operating conditions Minimum value
under normal
operating conditions
Threshold
value
Maximum value
under simulated
clogging

After determining the threshold value, follow the steps below to set the alarm and start the
diagnosis.

 Procedure 
(1) Execute Reset Press Freq Index.
(2) Set Press Freq Index Low Limit to the determined threshold value.
(3) Set Press Freq Index Alarm Use “Enabled (Low)” (lower limit only).
With these settings, when the index value is outside the normal range and approaches the
value with simulated clogging, the alarm is activated.

C-4-4-6. Parameter adjustment

If diagnosis is judged to be not possible, the data collected under normal operating conditions
(section C-4-4-2) and when there is simulated clogging (section C-4-4-3) can be analyzed
and the parameters adjusted. The reason why diagnosis cannot be performed is that the index
value—even under normal operating conditions—is similar to or smaller than that when there
is clogging, so the normal and clogged states cannot be distinguished. There are two primary
causes leading for this situation.
• A large amount of variation of the index under normal conditions
• A small variation of the index when there is clogging
This situation may be improved by adjusting the parameters of the pressure frequency index
diagnosis. The following describes the two cases.

C-30
 (A) Variation of the index under normal operating conditions is large.
In this case, although the value of the index is small with simulated clogging, variation in the
index is large under normal conditions, so the index value can be close to or equivalent to its
value with clogging even when there is no clogging, as shown in the figure below.

Index value
Index value
Maximum value
Maximum value under normal
under normal operating conditions
operating conditions
Maximum value
Minimum value Slight difference under simulated Value being overlapping
under normal clogging
operating conditions
Minimum value
under normal
Maximum value operating conditions
under simulated
clogging
Minimum value
Minimum value under simulated
under simulated clogging
clogging
Normal condition Simulated clogging
Normal condition Simulated clogging condition
condition

In this case, it is necessary to examine the cause of the large variation that occurs under
normal conditions, and to reduce this effect. Use the following the guidelines for adjustment.

Guidelines for parameter adjustment

Phenomenon Adjustment

The index value sometimes decreases significantly under

normal operating conditions. At this time, the process Increase the Press Freq Filter Constant in steps of 0.02 -
variable changes or the standard deviation becomes 0.05.
large.

Check whether the operating conditions are related to

the process variable. If there is a PV range where the
difference between the maximum index value and the
minimum is relatively small, or a PV range where the
The index value under normal operating conditions
minimum under normal conditions is not small, set
changes significantly depending on the operating
Press Freq Calc PV High Limit and Press Freq Calc PV
conditions.
Low Limit to the values of this range.
If you use this parameter, you can conduct the diagnosis
only when there’s level, and stop the diagnosis when
there is not.

(B) The variation of the index when there is a clog is small.

In this case, although variation in the index is relatively small under normal operating
conditions, the value of the index is almost the same as with simulated clogging, as shown in
the figure below.

Index value Index value

Maximum value under normal Maximum value under normal
operating conditions operating conditions

Minimum value under normal Minimum value under normal

operating conditions operating conditions

Maximum value under simulated Maximum value under simulated

clogging clogging

Minimum value under simulated Minimum value under simulated

clogging The difference with that of clogging Cannot make a distinction
the clog simulated condition is small as values are overlapped

Normal condition Simulated clogging Normal condition Simulated clogging

condition condition

C-31
 In this case, the index value under normal operating conditions is similar to that with
clogging, or the index value is almost the same even when clogging occurs. In either case, it is
necessary to examine the cause and to minimize this effect. Use the following guidelines for
adjustment.
Guidelines for parameter adjustment

Phenomenon Adjustment

Since the process variable fluctuates and there is always low-

frequency pressure fluctuation, the value of the index is Increase the Press Freq Filter Constant in steps of
small even under normal operating conditions. The standard 0.02 - 0.05.
deviation is relatively large.
The PV does not change and the standard deviation is also
Change the Press Freq Index Sensor Selection. If the
small. The frequency of the original pressure fluctuation is
present value is “DP, 120 ms”, set it to “DP, 240 ms,”
low and the index value is small. (The reference index value
and if the present value is “DP, 240 ms,” set it to “DP,
is 0.1 or less under normal operating conditions.) Fluid
360 ms.”
viscosity is high.
The magnitude and frequency of the original pressure
fluctuation are acceptable. (The reference index value is 0.2 Decrease the Press Freq Filter Constant in steps of
or more under normal operating conditions.) However, the 0.02 - 0.05.
value is almost the same when there is clogging.

C-4-4-7. Clogging simulation test cannot be conducted.

When the clogging simulation test cannot be conducted, only the index value data under
normal operating conditions (index values collected in section C-4-4-2) can be used to
determine the threshold value. When many index values can be collected, calculate the
average value (μ) and standard deviation (σ), and determine the threshold value based on μ
± nσ. To eliminate misinformation, a value from 4 to 6 is recommended for n. The threshold
value can also be determined using the maximum (xmax) and minimum (xmin) index values.
For example, the threshold value should be set to a value that is no more than (xmax−xmin)/2
from the minimum value, as shown in the figure below.

Index value

xmax
Index value range
under the normal
operating conditions
xmin
(xmax xmin)/2
Threshold
value (Low)

Note that the threshold value determined using only the index value data under normal
operating conditions is not always appropriate. The index value may become smaller than the
threshold value due to causes other than clogging, or the index value may not become smaller
than the threshold value even when clogging occurs. Observe changes in the index value for
a short period after the threshold value has been determined, and then check that the index
value does not become smaller than the threshold value under normal operating conditions,
and that the difference between the correct value range and threshold value is not large. Revise
the threshold value when necessary.

C-32
C-5. Supplemental description of parameters
This section describes the parameters related to pressure frequency index diagnosis and their
effect on clogging diagnosis.
The following description is intended to provide information for users who want to know the
function of each parameter in detail. For the general configuration procedures, see sections
C-2 to C-4.

C-5-1. Pressure frequency filter constant

The Press Freq Filter Constant determines the strength of the high pass filter used to suppress
decreases in the pressure frequency index due to causes other than clogging of the connecting
pipes. The default setting at the time of shipment from the factory is “0,” meaning that the
filter is not used. However, if the pressure frequency index is used for clogging diagnosis,
setting the filter constant to cut out low-frequency fluctuations is recommended. In particular,
when SP is selected for Press Freq Index Sensor Selection, setting the filter constant is strongly
recommended. For clogging diagnosis, the generally recommended filter constant value range
is 0.12 to 0.18.
The larger this parameter, the stronger the filtering effect. In this case, it will be difficult for
the index value to become small for a reason other than clogging. However, if the filtering is
too severe, it is difficult to detect changes in frequency that occur when the connecting pipe
is clogged, so diagnosis performance deteriorates. The smaller the parameter, the smaller
the filtering effect. In this case, there is little deterioration of diagnosis performance using
the filter. However, if filtering is too weak, the value of the index can easily become small for
reasons other than clogging. As a result, false alarms can occur.
When low-frequency fluctuation is very large (as a rough guideline, when the width of low-
frequency fluctuation is more than 10 times greater than the standard deviation under normal
operating conditions), it is difficult to eliminate this effect even when the filter is used.
The Fcut (Hz) and Tcu (t s) (inverse value of cutoff frequency) of this filter are as follows.
c is the filter constant. Ts is the sampling interval selected in the Press Freq Index Sensor
Selection, and it is any of 0.12 (s), 0.24 (s), and 0.36 (s).

1 c2
Fcut = 2πTs
cos−1 ( 1−
2 (c+1)
)

2πTs
Tcut = c2
cos−1 ( 1− )
2 (c+1)

C-5-2. Sensor selection

One of the following can be selected for Press Freq Index Sensor Selection.
DP, 120ms factory default
DP, 240ms
DP, 360ms
SP, 360ms only with a differential pressure gauge

C-33
C-5-2-1. P sampling interval
When DP is selected for Press Freq Index Sensor Selection, 120, 240, or 360 ms can be
selected for the P sampling interval. Normally, a shorter sampling interval is advantageous
for clogging diagnosis. The reason for this is that changes in pressure fluctuation caused by
clogging become apparent at higher frequencies. (For details, see the “C-1. Principle” section.)
The sampling interval must be short for perception of changes in high frequency. Generally,
the shorter the sampling interval, the better the performance of clogging diagnosis. However,
with a shorter sampling interval, low frequencies are difficult to measure. Therefore, if the
frequency of the pressure fluctuation is low initially, lengthening the sampling interval will
make diagnosis easier.

C-5-2-2. Sensor type

DP and SP are the available sensor selections for a differential pressure gauge. The reason for
this is that it allows different sensors to be used for the index calculation. When DP is selected,
the differential pressure sensor is used. When SP is selected, the static pressure sensor is used.
Therefore, the diagnosis characteristics may change.
The following are the features of clogging diagnosis when DP is selected.
• The flow rate or magnitude of the pressure fluctuation necessary for diagnosis is smaller
than for SP.
• Since a sampling interval of 120 ms can be selected, the sensitivity for clogging detection is
high. The index update frequency is also high.
• It may not be possible to detect one-side clogging.

The following are the features of clogging diagnosis when SP is selected.

• The pressure fluctuation necessary for diagnosis is larger than for DP. Therefore, diagnosis
may be possible with DP but not possible with SP.
• The sampling interval is fixed at 360 ms. The sensitivity for clogging detection decreases
and the index update frequency is low in comparison to DP with 120 or 240 ms selected.
• It is possible that one-side clogging that cannot be detected or that is difficult to detect with
DP can be detected with SP.

The advantage of selecting SP is that its one-side clogging detection capability is different
from that of DP. However, selecting SP does not ensure one-side clogging detection. When the
clogging simulation test cannot be conducted or when one-side clogging cannot be detected
with SP, select DP. In these cases there is no advantage in selecting SP.

C-34
Appendix-D. Table D-3. GTR _ _ A
Model Measuring Setting Working Overload

General Specifications Span Range Pressure

Range
Resistance
Pressure
GTX30A 4 to 104 0 to 104 0.01 to 104 294 kPa abs.
kPa abs. kPa abs. kPa abs.
D-1. Measuring Span / Setting Range / (Note 1)

GTX60A 35 to 3500 0 to 3500 0.01 to 3500 5250 kPa abs.

Working Pressure Range kPa abs. kPa abs. kPa abs.
(Note 1, 2)

Table D-1. GTR _ _ D Notes:

1. For vacuum pressure, see Fig. D-5.
Model Measuring Measuring Working 2. With PVC wetted parts, the maximum working pressure is 1.5 MPa.
Span Range Pressure Range
GTX15D 0.1 to 2 kPa -1 to 1 kPa -70 to 210 kPa Table D-4. GTR _ _ F
GTX30D 0.5 to 100 kPa -100 to 100 kPa 2kPa abs to 3.5MPa Model Measuring Measuring Working Pressure
(Note 1)
Span Range Limit
GTX31D 0.5 to 100 kPa -100 to 100 kPa 2kPa abs to 21 MPa GTX35F 2.5 to 100 kPa -100 to 100 kPa Lesser of flange rating
(Note 1, 2, 3)
GTX60F 35 to 3500 kPa -100 to 3500 kPa or 10 MPa
GTX32D 0.5 to 100 kPa -100 to 100 kPa 2kPa abs to 42 MPa (Note 1)
(Note 3, 4)
Note: 1. For vacuum pressure, see Fig. D-2.
GTX40D 35 to 700 kPa -100 to 700 kPa -70 to 210 kPa
(Note 1)

GTX41D 35 to 700 kPa -100 to 700 kPa -70 to 210 kPa Table D-5. GTR _ _ R
(Note 1, 2, 3) Model Measuring Measuring Working Pressure
GTX42D 35 to 700 kPa -100 to 700 kPa -70 to 210 kPa Span Range Limit
(Note 3, 4)
GTX35R 2.5 to 100 kPa -100 to 100 kPa Lesser of flange rating
GTX71D 0.25 to 14 MPa -0.1 to 14 MPa -70 to 210 kPa or 10 MPa
(Note 1, 2, 3)
GTX40R 35 to 700 kPa -100 to 700 kPa
(Note 1)

GTX72D 0.25 to 14 MPa -0.1 to 14 MPa -70 to 210 kPa Note: 1. For vacuum pressure, see Fig.D-7, D-8, D-9, and D-10.
(Note 3, 4)

Notes:
Table D-6. GTR _ _ U
1. With PVC wetted parts, the maximum working pressure is 1.5 MPa.
2. With 304 SST bolts and nuts, the maximum working pressure is 10MPa. Model Measuring Measuring Working Overload
3. For vacuum pressure, see Fig. D-2. Span Range Pressure Resistance
4. With 304 SST bolts and nuts, the maximum working pressure is 23 MPa. Pressure
GTX35U 2.5 to 100 kPa -100 to 100 kPa -100 to 100 kPa 15 MPa
Table D-2. GTR _ _ G GTX60U 17.5 to 3500 kPa -100 to Lesser of 5250 kPa
3500 kPa flange rating
Model Measuring Measuring Overload or 3500 kPa
Span Range Resistance (Note 1)

Pressure GTX71U 0.7 to 10 MPa -0.1 to 10 MPa Lesser of 15 MPa

GTX60G 17.5 to 3500 kPa -100 to 3500 kPa 5250 kPa flange rating
(Note 1, 4) or 10 MPa
(Note 1)
GTX71G 0.7 to 14 MPa -0.1 to 14 MPa 21 MPa
(Note 2, 4) GTX82U 0.7 to 42 MPa -0.1 to 42 MPa Lesser of 63 MPa
flange rating
GTX82G 0.7 to 42 MPa -0.1 to 42 MPa 63 MPa
(Note 3, 4)
or 42 MPa
(Note 1)
Notes:
Note: 1. For vacuum pressure, see Fig.D-7, D-8, D-9, and D-10.
1. With PVC wetted parts, the maximum working pressure is 1.5 MPa.
2. With 304 SST bolts and nuts, the maximum working pressure is 10MPa.
3. With 304 SST bolts and nuts, the maximum working pressure is 23 MPa. Table D-7. GTR _ _ S
4. For vacuum pressure, see Fig. D-2, D-3, and D-4.
Model Measuring Setting Working Overload
Span Range Pressure Resistance
Pressure
GTX30S 4 to 104 0 to 104 0.13 to 104 294 kPa abs.
kPa abs. kPa abs. kPa abs
(Note 1)
GTX60S 35 to 3500 0 to 3500 0.13 to lesser 5250 kPa abs.
kPa abs. kPa abs. of flange
rating or 3500
kPa (Note 1)

Note: 1. For vacuum pressure, see Fig.D-9 and D-10.

D-1
D-2. Supply Voltage and Load Resistance D-5. Ambient Temperatures

Supply Voltage: 17.9 to 42V DC GTX30D/31D/40D/41D/71D/60G/71G/30A/60A (not

Load Resistance: 250 Ω or more necessary between including Direct Mount)
loops. See Fig. D-1. Normal Operating Range: -40 to 85°C
Operative Limits: -50 to 93°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -50 to 85°C

GTX32D/42D/72D
Normal Operating Range: -15 to 85°C
Operative Limits: -20 to 93°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -15 to 85°C

GTX15D
Normal Operating Range: -15 to 65°C (See Fig.D-2)
Operative Limits: -40 to 70°C (See Fig.D-2)
Transportation and storage conditions: -15 to 65°C

GTX60G (Direct Mount)

Normal Operating Range: -40 to 85°C
Fig. D-1. Supply voltage vs. load resistance Operative Limits: -40 to 85°C
characteristics Transportation and storage conditions: -40 to 85°C
Note: For communication with communicator, a load resistance of
250 Ω or more is necessary. GTX71G (Direct Mount)
Normal Operating Range: -25 to 70°C
D-3. Output Operative Limits: -40 to 85°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -40 to 85°C
Analog Output
4 to 20 mA DC with DE protocol, or GTX35F/60F (not including Sanitary Models), GTX82U
4 to 20 mA DC with HART5 protocol, or (G1-1/2 Button)
4 to 20 mA DC with HART7 protocol Normal Operating Range: -30 to 75°C
Output Range Operative Limits: -50 to 80°C
3.6 to 21.6 mA, or Transportation and storage conditions: -50 to 85°C
3.8 to 20.5 mA (NAMUR NE43 compliant) or
Failure Alarm GTX_ _R/_ _U/_ _S
Upper: 21.6 mA or more General Purpose Models
Lower: 3.6 mA or less (3” Flush Diaphragm, 4” Extended Diaphragm)
Normal Operating Range: -30 to 75°C
Digital Output Operative Limits: -50 to 80°C
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Transportation and storage conditions: -50 to 85°C
(1/2”, 3/4”, 1-1/2”, or 2” Flush Diaphragm, 2” or 3”
Alarm output Extended Diaphragm)
Contact output Normal Operating Range: -15 to 65°C
Operative Limits: -30 to 80°C
D-4. Enclosure Type Transportation and storage conditions: -50 to 85°C

High Temperature Models

NEMA 3 and 4X
(3” Flush Diaphragm, 4” Extended Diaphragm)
IEC 60529 IP66/IP67 Normal Operating Range: -5 to 55°C
Operative Limits: -10 to 60°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -20 to 85°C

D-2
 (1/2”, 3/4”, 1-1/2”, or 2” Flush Diaphragm, 2” or 3” D-6. Process Temperatures
Extended Diaphragm)
Normal Operating Range: -5 to 45°C GT X30D/31D/40D/41D/71D/60G/71G/82G (not
Operative Limits: -10 to 55°C including Direct Mount)
Transportation and storage conditions: -15 to 65°C Normal Operating Range: -40 to 110°C
Operative Limits: -50 to 115°C
High Temperature Vacuum Models (See Fig.D-2 for temperature limits according to
(3” Flush Diaphragm, 4” Extended Diaphragm) working pressure)
Normal Operating Range: -5 to 55°C
Operative Limits: -10 to 60°C GTX32D/42D/72D
Transportation and storage conditions: -20 to 85°C Normal Operating Range: -15 to 110°C
(1-1/2”, or 2” Flush Diaphragm, 2” or 3” Extended Operative Limits: -20 to 115°C
Diaphragm) (See Fig.D-2 for temperature limits according to
Normal Operating Range: -5 to 45°C working pressure)
Operative Limits: -10 to 55°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -15 to 65°C GTX15D
Normal Operating Range: -15 to 65°C
High Temperature High Vacuum Models Operative Limits: -40 to 70°C
(3” Flush Diaphragm, 4” Extended Diaphragm)
Normal Operating Range: 10 to 55°C GTX60G (Direct Mount)
Operative Limits: -10 to 60°C Normal Operating Range: -40 to 85°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -20 to 85°C Operative Limits: -40 to 85°C
(See Fig.D-3 for temperature limits according to
Wetted Parts: Tantalum working pressure)
Normal Operating Range: -5 to 45°C
Operative Limits: -10 to 55°C GTX71G (Direct Mount)
Transportation and storage conditions: -10 to 55°C Normal Operating Range: -25 to 70°C
Operative Limits: -40 to 85°C
Sanitary Models (See Fig.D-4 for temperature limits according to
Normal Operating Range: -10 to 60°C working pressure)
Operative Limits: -10 to 60°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -20 to 60°C GTX30A/60A
Normal Operating Range: -40 to 110°C
Additional Limits Operative Limits: -50 to 115°C
1)Explosionproof Models (See Fig.D-5, D-6 for temperature limits according to
(See rating information of each approval) working pressure)

2)Oxygen or Chlorine Models GTX35F/60F (not including Sanitary Models), GTX82U

Normal Operating Range: -10 to 75°C (G1-1/2 Button)
Operative Limits: -40 to 80°C Normal Operating Range: -40 to 110°C
Transportation and storage conditions: -50 to 80°C Operative Limits: -50 to 115°C
(See Fig.D-2 for temperature limits according to
3)Models with PVC Cover Flanges working pressure)
Normal Operating Range: 0 to 55°C
Operative Limits: -10 to 60°C GTX_ _R/_ _U/_ _S
Transportation and storage conditions: -10 to 60°C General Purpose Models (Flush Diaphragm,
Extended Diaphragm)
4) Models with Digital Indicators Normal Operating Range: -40 to 180°C
Normal Operating Range: -25 to 80°C Operative Limits: -50 to 185°C
Operative Limits: -30 to 85°C (See Figs.D-7, D-8 for temperature limits according
Transportation and storage conditions: -25 to 80°C to working pressure)

D-3
 High Temperature Models (Flush Diaphragm,
Extended Diaphragm)
Normal Operating Range: -5 to 280°C (Tantalum: 180°C)
Operative Limits: -10 to 310°C (Tantalum: 200°C)
(See Fig.D-9 for temperature limits according to
working pressure)
High Temperature Vacuum Models (Flush
Diaphragm, Extended Diaphragm)
Normal Operating Range: -5 to 280°C (Tantalum: 180°C)
Operative Limits: -10 to 310°C (Tantalum: 200°C)
(See Fig.D-9 for temperature limits according to
working pressure) Fig. D-3. Process Temperature of GTX60G Direct
High Temperature High Vacuum Models Mount General Purpose Models
Normal Operating Range: 10 to 300°C (Tantalum: 180°C)
Operative Limits: -10 to 310°C (Tantalum: 200°C)
(See Fig.D-10 for temperature limits according to
working pressure)

GTX35F/60F/35R/40R (Sanitary Models)

Normal Operating Range: -10 to 121°C
Operative Limits: -10 to 121°C
May be used at 150°C if within 30 minutes.
(See Fig.D-11 for temperature limits according to
working pressure)

Additional Limits Fig. D-4. Process Temperature of GTX71G Direct Mount

1)Explosionproof Models General Purpose Models
(See rating information of each approval)

2)Oxygen or Chlorine Models

See Figs. D-12, D-13, D-14, D-15

3)Models with PVC Cover Flanges

Normal Operating Range: 0 to 55°C
Operative Limits: -10 to 60°C

Fig. D-5. Process Temperature of GTX30A/60A Wetted

Material SUS316

Fig. D-2. Process Temperature of GTX3_D/4_D/7_

D/60G/71G/82G General Purpose Models

D-4
Fig. D-6. Process Temperature of GTX30A/60A Wetted Fig. D-9. Process Temperature of GTX_ _R, GTX_ _
Material SUS316L, Alloy C-276, Tantalum U, GTX_ _S High Temperature and Vacuum
Models

Fig. D-7. Process Temperature of GTX_ _R, GTX_ _U

General Purpose Models Fig. D-10. Process Temperature of GTX_ _R, GTX_ _
U, GTX_ _S High Temperature and High
Vacuum Models

Fig. D-8. Process Temperature of GTX_ _R, GTX_ _U

General Purpose Models (Fill Fluid Code=M)
Fig. D-11. Process Temperature of GTX_ _R, GTX_ _F
Sanitary Purpose Models

D-5
Fig. D-12. Process Temperature of GTX3_D/4_D/7_ Fig. D-15. Process Temperature of GTX_ _R/_ _U/_ _S
D/60G/71G/82G Oxygen or Chlorine Purpose Oxygen or Chlorine Purpose Models
Models

Fig. D-13. Process Temperature of GTX15D Oxygen or

Chlorine Purpose Models

Fig. D-14. Process Temperature of TX60G/71G Direct

Mount Oxygen or Chlorine Purpose Models

D-6
D-7. Ambient humidity limits Gaskets
5 to 100% RH PTFE
Bolts and nuts (for fastening cover flange)
Carbon steel (B7), 304 SST, 630 SST
D-8. Stability against supply voltage change
Flange
± 0.005% FS/V
304 SST, 316 SST, 316L SST

D-9. Damping time GTX_ _ R, _ _ U

Selectable from 0 to 32 sec. in ten stages Wetted parts
316SST, 316L SST, Ally C-276, Tantalum
D-10. Lightning protection Flange
Applicable Standards; IEC 61000-4-5 304 SST, 316 SST, 316L SST
Peak value of current surge (80/20μ sec.): 6000A Capillary tube
316 SST
Armored tube
D-11. Materials of Construction
304 SST
Common Parts
Meter body cover flange
Transmitter case
SCS13 (Equivalent to 304 SST)
Aluminum alloy or stainless steel
Bolts and nuts (for fastening cover flange)
Paint
304 SST
Standard: Baked acrylic paint
Corrosion-proof: Baked urethane paint
GTX_ _ S
Fill fluid
Wetted parts
Silicone oil (general purpose models)
316 SST, 316L SST
Fluorine oil (oxygen and chlorine models)
Flange materials
304 SST, 316 SST, 316L SST
GTX_ _ D, _ _G, _ _A (not including direct mount)
Capillary tube
Wetted parts
316 SST
Center body
Armored tube
316 SST, 316L SST, Alloy C-276, Tantalum
304 SST
Vents and plugs
Meter body cover flange
316 SST, PVC
SCS13 (Equivalent to 304 SST)
Meter body cover flange, adapter flange
Bolts and nuts (for fastening cover flange)
SCS14A (Equivalent to 316 SST) or 316 SST, PVC
304 SST
Gaskets
PTFE
Bolts and nuts (for fastening cover flange) D-12. Weight
Carbon steel (B7), 304 SST, 630 SST GTX15D/30D/40D/60G
Approx. 3.4 kg
GTX_ _G (Direct mount) GTX31D/41D/71D/71G/30A/60A
Wetted Parts Approx. 3.7 kg
316 SST GTX32D/42D/72D/82G
Approx. 6.3 kg
GTX_ _ F GTX60G/71G (Direct Mount)
Approx. 1.3 kg
Wetted parts
GTX_ _F
Center body
Approx. 5.9 kg (ANSI 150# - 1-1/2” flange)
316 SST, 316L SST, Alloy C-276, Tantalum
GTX_ _R
Vents and plugs
Approx. 20.0 kg (ANSI150 # - 3” flange, capillary length 5m)
316 SST
GTX_ _U, _ _S
Meter body cover flange, adapter flange
Approx. 13.5 kg (ANSI150 # - 3” flange, capillary length 5m)
SCS14A (Equivalent to 316 SST) or 316 SST, PVC

D-7
 Terms and Conditions
We would like to express our appreciation for your purchase and use of Azbil Corporation’s products.
You are required to acknowledge and agree upon the following terms and conditions for your purchase of Azbil Corporation’s products (system
products, field instruments, control valves, and control products), unless otherwise stated in any separate document, including, without limitation,
estimation sheets, written agreements, catalogs, specifications and instruction manuals.
1. Warranty period and warranty scope
1.1 Warranty period
Azbil Corporation’s products shall be warranted for one (1) year from the date of your purchase of the said products or the delivery of the
said products to a place designated by you.
1.2 Warranty scope
In the event that Azbil Corporation’s product has any failure attributable to azbil during the aforementioned warranty period, Azbil
Corporation shall, without charge, deliver a replacement for the said product to the place where you purchased, or repair the said
product and deliver it to the aforementioned place. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any failure falling under one of the following shall
not be covered under this warranty:
(1) Failure caused by your improper use of azbil product (noncompliance with conditions, environment of use, precautions, etc. set
forth in catalogs, specifications, instruction manuals, etc.);
(2) Failure caused for other reasons than Azbil Corporation’s product;
(3) Failure caused by any modification or repair made by any person other than Azbil Corporation or Azbil Corporation’s
subcontractors;
(4) Failure caused by your use of Azbil Corporation’s product in a manner not conforming to the intended usage of that product;
(5) Failure that the state-of-the-art at the time of Azbil Corporation’s shipment did not allow Azbil Corporation to predict; or
(6) Failure that arose from any reason not attributable to Azbil Corporation, including, without limitation, acts of God, disasters, and
actions taken by a third party.
Please note that the term “warranty” as used herein refers to equipment-only-warranty, and Azbil Corporation shall not be liable for any
damages, including direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of Azbil Corporation’s
products.
2. Ascertainment of suitability
You are required to ascertain the suitability of Azbil Corporation’s product in case of your use of the same with your machinery,
equipment, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “Equipment”) on your own responsibility, taking the following matters into consideration:
(1) Regulations and standards or laws that your Equipment is to comply with.
(2) Examples of application described in any documents provided by Azbil Corporation are for your reference purpose only, and
you are required to check the functions and safety of your Equipment prior to your use.
(3) Measures to be taken to secure the required level of the reliability and safety of your Equipment in your use
Although azbil is constantly making efforts to improve the quality and reliability of Azbil Corporation’s products, there exists
a possibility that parts and machinery may break down. You are required to provide your Equipment with safety design such
as fool-proof design,*1 and fail-safe design*2 (anti-flame propagation design, etc.), whereby preventing any occurrence of
physical injuries, fires, significant damage, and so forth. Furthermore, fault avoidance,*3 fault tolerance,*4 or the like should be
incorporated so that the said Equipment can satisfy the level of reliability and safety required for your use.
*1. A design that is safe even if the user makes an error.
*2. A design that is safe even if the device fails.
*3. Avoidance of device failure by using highly reliable components, etc.
*4. The use of redundancy.
3. Precautions and restrictions on application
3.1 Restrictions on application
Please follow the table below for use in nuclear power or radiation-related equipment.

Nuclear power quality*5 required Nuclear power quality*5 not required

Within a radiation Cannot be used (except for limit switches for Cannot be used (except for limit switches for
controlled area*6 nuclear power*7) nuclear power*7)
Outside a radiation Cannot be used (except for limit switches for Can be used
controlled area*6 nuclear power*7)

*5. Nuclear power quality: compliance with JEAG 4121 required

*6. R adiation controlled area: an area governed by the requirements of article 3 of “Rules on the Prevention of Harm from
Ionizing Radiation,” article 2 2 4 of “Regulations on Installation and Operation of Nuclear Reactors for Practical Power
Generation,” article 4 of “Determining the Quantity, etc., of Radiation-Emitting Isotopes,”etc.
*7. L imit switch for nuclear power: a limit switch designed, manufactured and sold according to IEEE 382 and JEAG 4121.
Any Azbil Corporation’s products shall not be used for/with medical equipment.
The products are for industrial use. Do not allow general consumers to install or use any Azbil Corporation’s product. However, azbil
products can be incorporated into products used by general consumers. If you intend to use a product for that purpose, please contact
one of our sales representatives.
3.2 Precautions on application
you are required to conduct a consultation with our sales representative and understand detail specifications, cautions for operation,
and so forth by reference to catalogs, specifications, instruction manual, etc. in case that you intend to use azbil product for any purposes
specified in (1) through (6) below. Moreover, you are required to provide your Equipment with fool-proof design, fail-safe design, anti-
flame propagation design, fault avoidance, fault tolerance, and other kinds of protection/safety circuit design on your own responsibility
to ensure reliability and safety, whereby preventing problems caused by failure or nonconformity.
 (1) For use under such conditions or in such environments as not stated in technical documents, including catalogs, specification,
and instruction manuals
(2) For use of specific purposes, such as:
* Nuclear energy/radiation related facilities
[When used outside a radiation controlled area and where nuclear power quality is not required]
[When the limit switch for nuclear power is used]
* Machinery or equipment for space/sea bottom
* Transportation equipment
[Railway, aircraft, vessels, vehicle equipment, etc.]
* Antidisaster/crime-prevention equipment
* Burning appliances
* Electrothermal equipment
* Amusement facilities
* Facilities/applications associated directly with billing
(3) Supply systems such as electricity/gas/water supply systems, large-scale communication systems, and traffic/air traffic control
systems requiring high reliability
(4) Facilities that are to comply with regulations of governmental/public agencies or specific industries
(5) Machinery or equipment that may affect human lives, human bodies or properties
(6) Other machinery or equipment equivalent to those set forth in items (1) to (5) above which require high reliability and safety
4. Precautions against long-term use
Use of Azbil Corporation’s products, including switches, which contain electronic components, over a prolonged period may degrade
insulation or increase contact-resistance and may result in heat generation or any other similar problem causing such product or switch
to develop safety hazards such as smoking, ignition, and electrification. Although acceleration of the above situation varies depending
on the conditions or environment of use of the products, you are required not to use any Azbil Corporation’s products for a period
exceeding ten (10) years unless otherwise stated in specifications or instruction manuals.
5. Recommendation for renewal
Mechanical components, such as relays and switches, used for Azbil Corporation’s products will reach the end of their life due to wear by
repetitious open/close operations.
In addition, electronic components such as electrolytic capacitors will reach the end of their life due to aged deterioration based on
the conditions or environment in which such electronic components are used. Although acceleration of the above situation varies
depending on the conditions or environment of use, the number of open/close operations of relays, etc. as prescribed in specifications
or instruction manuals, or depending on the design margin of your machine or equipment, you are required to renew any Azbil
Corporation’s products every 5 to 10 years unless otherwise specified in specifications or instruction manuals. System products, field
instruments (sensors such as pressure/flow/level sensors, regulating valves, etc.) will reach the end of their life due to aged deterioration
of parts. For those parts that will reach the end of their life due to aged deterioration, recommended replacement cycles are prescribed.
You are required to replace parts based on such recommended replacement cycles.
6. Other precautions
Prior to your use of Azbil Corporation’s products, you are required to understand and comply with specifications (e.g., conditions and
environment of use), precautions, warnings/cautions/notices as set forth in the technical documents prepared for individual Azbil
Corporation’s products, such as catalogs, specifications, and instruction manuals to ensure the quality, reliability, and safety of those
products.
7. Changes to specifications
Please note that the descriptions contained in any documents provided by azbil are subject to change without notice for improvement
or for any other reason. For inquires or information on specifications as you may need to check, please contact our branch offices or
sales offices, or your local sales agents.
8. Discontinuance of the supply of products/parts
Please note that the production of any Azbil Corporation’s product may be discontinued without notice. After manufacturing is
discontinued, we may not be able to provide replacement products even within the warranty period.
For repairable products, we will, in principle, undertake repairs for five (5) years after the discontinuance of those products. In
some cases, however, we cannot undertake such repairs for reasons, such as the absence of repair parts. For system products, field
instruments, we may not be able to undertake parts replacement for similar reasons.
9. Scope of services
Prices of Azbil Corporation’s products do not include any charges for services such as engineer dispatch service. Accordingly, a separate
fee will be charged in any of the following cases:
(1) Installation, adjustment, guidance, and attendance at a test run
(2) Maintenance, inspection, adjustment, and repair
(3) Technical guidance and technical education
(4) Special test or special inspection of a product under the conditions specified by you
Please note that we cannot provide any services as set forth above in a nuclear energy controlled area (radiation controlled area) or at a
place where the level of exposure to radiation is equivalent to that in a nuclear energy controlled area.

AAS-511A-014-10
Document Number: CM2-GTX100-2001
Document Name:  Advanced Transmitter
Electronic Differential Pressure/Pressure Transmitter
Model GTX_ _ _
User's Manual
Date: 1st edition: May 2008
25th edition: April 2023
Issued/Edited by: