GEC04

1st Semester, SY 2023-2024

Name _________________________________ Date Submitted ____________

Course/Year/Section ____________________

TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

ACTIVITY 1: Globalization experiences.

How globalized is your home? Make a list of all the things in your home, living
room, bedroom, kitchen, toilet, etc. and try to categorize them whether they are
made in the Philippines or abroad. If you can, indicate the countries of origin of
the foreign brands. Then make a reflection paper which must include why certain
products are made in the Philippines while others are produced abroad. It should
also include discussion of your daily activities which show that you have constant
globalization experiences.
ACTIVITY 2: Metacognitive Reading Report

Read the attached referenced article and complete the statements that follow.
• Irani, F. & Noruzi, M. (2011). Globalization and challenges: What are
globalization’s contemporary issues? International Journal for Humanities and
Social Sciences, I(6), 216-218.

1. The three (3) things that I significantly learned from the readings are ………..
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________

2. The three (3) things that are still unclear to me are ……………..
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________

3. I used to think that ……………..

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________

4. The three (3) questions that I want to ask about the readings are ……………..
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Referenced article: Source: http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol._1_No._6;_June_2011/24.pdf

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 6;

June2011
p. 216
Globalization and Challenges; What are the globalization's contemporary issues?

Farhad Nezhad Haj Ali Irani (Corresponding Author)

Public Management, PhD
Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Iran

Mohammad Reza Noruzi EMBA, PhD Student

Policy Making in Public Sector Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Iran
Young Researchers Club Member, Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Iran

Abstract
One of the most important factors of developed countries is the indicator of the country's
globalization rate indicator. If a country has good indicator or high globalization indicator it is a
positive point for that country. This paper aims to study some contemporary issue of
globalization and its challenges.

Introduction
Globalization typically refers to the process by which different economies and soc ieties become
more closely integrated, and concurrent with increasing worldwide globalization, there has been
much research into its consequences (Nilson, 2010, p.1191). Covering a wide range of distinct
political, economic, and cultural trends, the term ―globalization‖ has quickly become one of the
most fashionable buzzwords of contemporary political and academic debate. In popular
discourse, globalization often functions as little more than a synonym for one or more of the
following phenomena: the pursuit of classical liberal (or ―free market‖) policies in the world
economy (―economic liberalization‖), the growing dominance of western (or even American)
forms of political, economic, and cultural life (―westernization‖ or ―Americanization‖), the
proliferation of new information technologies (the ―Internet Revolution‖), as well as the notion
that humanity stands at the threshold of realizing one single unified community in which major
sources of social conflict have vanished (global integration‖; Globalization, 2010). Globalization
is not a new phenomenon, with global ecological changes, an ever more integrated global
economy, and other global trends, political activity increasingly takes place at the global level
(Globalization, 2005). It is old but not very about more than 20 years scholars from a variety of
fields and coerces have been discussed in a vigorous debate about this social phenomenon:
globalization (Belk, 1996; Castells, 1996; Featherstone, 1990, 1995; Ger and Belk, 1996; Liebes
and Katz, 1993; Robertson, 1992; Sklair, 2002; Waters, 1995; Matei, 2006, p.1).

Different streams and looks on globalization

There are two branches of interest in the area of globalization some are interested and some
not i.e. the proglobalization lobby argues that globalization brings about much increased
opportunities for almost everyone, and increased competition is a good thing since it makes
agents of production more efficient. But the other ones i.e. the anti-globalization group argues
that certain groups of people who are deprived in terms of resources are not currently capable
of functioning within the increased competitive pressure that will be brought about by allowing
their economies to be more connected to the rest of the world (investor word, 2005). The results
have enlarged profits for investors but offered pittances to laborers, provoking a strong backlash
from civil society. This page analyzes economic globalization, and examines how it might be
resisted or regulated in order to promote sustainable development (Global Policy.org, 2005).

Globalization in the contemporary

Industrial emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign
products for consumers and companies has increased a lot during the globalization process
(Politzer, 2008).

There are different approaches and ideas surrounding the idea of ―globalization, which we can
categorize it in two broad areas:

(1) Some say that globalization is necessary and we should willingly and actively enter into this
process, and (2) Others take the quite opposite view, espousing the need for increased
nationalism and consolidation of state power. However, arguably the mainstream view of
globalization, at least among the people who matter in the countries that matter—the vast
majority of economists, many political scientists, and political commentators —is that
globalization is a benign force leading us ultimately to the era of converging world incomes (as
poor countries like China open up to the world and see their incomes rise), converging
institutions as democracy becomes a universal norm, and cultural richness as people of
different background interact more frequently (Milanovic, 2002: Noruzi & Westover, 2010,p.112).

Few concepts have disused as rapidly as globalization. A look into the Social Science Citation
Index shows zero entries 1986, 10 entries 1990, and nearly 400 entries 1997. It grows daily in
newspapers. But, in spite of all the talk of globalization, pro and con, the notion is seldom
defined, much less operational zed. It therefore often serves ideologically as a disuse positive
goal associated with degrees of freedom, mobility, integration, exchange of learning and
broadening of horizons; or, as an equally negative alien force, falling down like rain on poor
innocent locals, diminishing their autonomy and threatening their identity. Globalization has
become a generic term for a wide variety of processes involving a number of societal spheres:
trade and investment, the geography of branches and arms, the political geography of spatial
competence in decision-making, cultural exchange and hybridization, transportation and
telecommunications. Indeed, it can be argued that since these processes are plural, we should
``conceive of globalizations in the plural'' (Nederveen Pieterse, 1994, p. 161; Clurk & Lund,
2000, p. 468).

Globalization may be defined and realized in many ways. For example, one may speak of
economic, social, and cultural globalization (Bornman & Schoonraad, 2001) and therefore the
plural (‗‗globalizations‗‗) is perhaps more accurate (Braman & Statan, 2000). Teitel (2005)
defines (economic) globalization as ‗‗. . . the phenomenon of increased integration of the world
economy as evidenced by the growth of international trade and factor mobility.‗‗
Globalization and culture
Technology has now created the possibility and even the likelihood of a global culture. The
Internet, fax machines, satellites, and cable TV are sweeping away cultural boundaries. Global
entertainment companies shape the perceptions and dreams of ordinary citizens, wherever they
live. This spread of values, norms, and culture tends to promote Western ideals of capitalism.
Will local cultures inevitably fall victim to this global "consumer" culture? Will English eradicate
all other languages? Will consumer values overwhelm peoples' sense of community and social
solidarity? Or, on the contrary, will a common culture lead the way to greater shared values and
political unity? This section looks at these and other issues of culture and globalization (Global
Policy, 2009).
Results and Conclusions

Over many centuries, human societies across the globe have established progressively closer
contacts. Recently, the pace of global integration has dramatically increased. Unprecedented
changes in communications, transportation, and computer technology have given the process
new impetus and made the world more interdependent than ever (Globalization, 2005). The
global social justice movement, itself a product of globalization, proposes an alternative path,
more responsive to public needs (Global Policy Froum, 2011). Advances in communication and
transportation technology, combined with free-market ideology, have given goods, services, and
capital unprecedented mobility. Northern countries want to open world markets to their goods
and take advantage of abundant, cheap labor in the South, policies often supported by Southern
elites. They use international financial institutions and regional trade agreements to compel poor
countries to "integrate" by reducing tariffs, privatizing state enterprises, and relaxing
environmental and labor standards (Global Policy.org, 2005).

As a result, laws, economies, and social movements are forming at the international level. Many
politicians, academics, and journalists treat these trends as both inevitable and (on the whole)
welcome. But for billions of the world's people, business-driven globalization means uprooting
old ways of life and threatening livelihoods and cultures (Global Policy Forum, 2011). Civil
society organizations act globally by forming alliances with organizations in other countries,
using global communications systems, and lobbying international organizations and other actors
directly, instead of working through their national governments (Globalization, 2005).

REFERENCES:

Aldama, Prince Kennex R. (2018). The Contemporary World. Sampaloc, Manila.

Rex Bookstore
Claudio, L.E. and Abinales, P.N. (2018). The Contemporary World. Quezon City.C & E
Publishing, Inc.

Larsson, T. (2001). The race to the top: The real story of globalization. United States:Cato
Institute.

Levitt, Theodore. (1983). ―The Globaliation of Markets.‖ Harvard Business Review 83, no. 3
(May – June 1983):92-102. https://hbr.org/1983/05/the-globalization-of-markets.

Novak, P. (2017). Fact Sheets on the European Union (The First Treaties), April 2017, 1.
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_1.1.1.pdf.
San Juan, David Michael M. (2018). Journeys through our Contemporary World.
Quezon City, Vibal Group, Inc.
Steger, M.B. (2009). ―Frpm Market Globalism to Imperial Globalism.‖ Chp. 3 in Globalisms: The
Great Ideological Struggle fo the Tewnty-first Century, 3rd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman
and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Steger, Manfred B. (2003). Globalization: A Very Short Intrduction. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.

Thorsen, D.E and Lie, A. (2007). ―What is Neoliberalism?‖ Working paper, University of Oslo.
http://folk.uio.no/daget/What%20is%20Neo-Liberalism%2010-11-06.pdf.
UNCTAD (2012). ―Development and Globalization: Facts and Figures 2012‖,
http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/webgdsdsi2012d2_en.pdf