True/False

Copyright law protects authored works such as art, books, and film.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Software can be protected under copyright law, but it can also be patented.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Cross-licensing agreements between organizations allow each party to sue the other
over patent infringements.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: B

Formulas, inventions, and processes are not considered forms of intellectual

property.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: B

Copyright infringement is the act of stealing someone’s ideas or words and passing
them off as one’s own.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: B

The fair use doctrine denies portions of patented materials to be used without
permission under any circumstance.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: B

Unlike a copyright, a patent prevents independent creation as well as copying.

A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Software, video games, multimedia works, and Web pages can all be copyrighted.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

A(n) noncompete agreement prohibits an employee from working for any competitors
for a period of time, often one to two years.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Because organizations can risk losing trade secrets when key employees leave, they
often try to prohibit employees from revealing secrets by adding nondisclosure
clauses to employment contracts.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A
The Lanham Act (also known as the Trademark Act) defines the use of a trademark,
the process for obtaining a trademark, and the penalties associated with trademark
infringement.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

The Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property (PRO-IP) Act
of 2008 increased trademark and copyright enforcement and substantially increased
penalties for infringement.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

The term of copyright has been extended several times from its original limit of 25
years to 35 years.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: B

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that there are _____ classes of items that cannot
be patented.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
ANSWER: B

The World Trade Organization (WTO) developed the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property Rights to establish the minimum levels of protection that
each government must provide to the intellectual property of all WTO members.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Two software manufacturers could conceivably develop separate programs that perform
the same functions in a nearly identical manner without infringing each other’s
copyrights.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

A trademark permits its owner to exclude the public from making, using, or selling
a protected invention, and allows for legal action against violators.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: B

Using reverse engineering, a developer can use the code of the current database
programming language to recover the design of the information system application.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

One frequent use of reverse engineering for software is to modify an application

that ran on one vendor’s database so that it can run on another’s.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Open source code is any program whose source code is made available for use or
modification, as users or other developers see fit.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Programs with open source code can be adapted to meet new needs, and bugs can be
rapidly identified and fixed. A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

The General Public License (GPL) is intended to protect GNU software from being
made proprietary, and it lists terms and conditions for copying, modifying, and
distributing free software.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Industrial espionage is the use of illegal means to obtain business information not
available to the general public.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Competitive intelligence involves the gathering and analysis of the trade secrets
of your competitors.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: B

In the early days of the Web, many cybersquatters registered domain names for
famous trademarks or company names to which they had no connection.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

The main tactic organizations use to circumvent cybersquatting is to protect a

trademark by registering numerous domain names.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
ANSWER: A

Multiple Choices

______allows portions of copyrighted materials to be used without permission under

certain circumstances.
A) Plagiarism
B) Copyright infringement
C) Fair use doctrine
D) Use of prior art
ANSWER: A
The concept that an idea cannot be copyrighted but the______of an idea can be is
key to understanding copyright protection.
A) expression
B) summary
C) variation
D) illustration
ANSWER: A

______is the existing body of knowledge available to a person of ordinary skill in

the art.
A) Prior experience
B) Known facts
C) Body of practice
D) Prior art
ANSWER: D

One of the tests that an invention must pass to be eligible for a patent is that it
must______.
A) be a machine
B) not be economical to produce
C) be capable of providing economic benefit
D) be obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the same field
ANSWER: D

One key advantage that trade secret law has over the use of patents and copyrights
in protecting companies from losing control of their intellectual property
is______.
A) the time limitation for a trade secret is longer than for patents and copyrights
B) no royalties must be paid on trade secrets
C) trade secrets can become part of the prior art and be used to protect patents
and copyrights
D) there is no need to file an application or disclose a trade secret to gain
protection
ANSWER: D

A patent is a grant of a property right issued by the______to an inventor.

A) USPS
B) USPTO
C) FTC
D) SEC
ANSWER: B

The______established the minimum levels of protection that each country must

provide to all WTO members.
A) World Trade Organization (WTO)
B) Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
C) The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
D) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
ANSWER: D

Under the_______, the U.S. patent system changed from a “firsttoinvent” to a

“firstinventortofile” system.
A) Economic Espionage Act
B) Lanham Act
C) Uniform Trade Secrets Act
D) Leahy-Smith America Invents Act
ANSWER: D
Unlike traditional copyright law, the _____ does not govern copying; instead, it
focuses on the distribution of tools and software that can be used for copyright
infringement as well as for legitimate non-infringing use.
A) TRIPS Agreement
B) Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
C) WIPO Copyright Treaty
D) Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property (PRO-IP) Act
ANSWER: B

The redistribution of a program code with no copyright as a proprietary software

can be avoided by using a(n)_____.
A) nondisclosure clause
B) open source license
C) patent protection
D) copyright term
ANSWER: B

A(n)_____prohibits a departing employee from working for any competitors for a

period of time.
A) noncompete agreement
B) license agreement
C) nondisclosure agreement
D) union agreement
ANSWER: A

_____is the act of stealing someone’s ideas or words and passing them off as one’s
own.
A) Plagiarism
B) Cybersquatting
C) Reverse engineering
D) Patent trolling
ANSWER: A

The courts have ruled in favor of using reverse engineering to_____.

A) allow the domination of a particular software market by a single manufacturer
B) provide access to protected elements of an original work
C) circumvent restrictive trade secrets
D) enable interoperability
ANSWER: D

Blank

A(n) _____ is the exclusive right to distribute, display, perform, or reproduce an

original work in copies or to prepare derivative works based on the work.
ANSWER: copyright

_____law guarantees developers the rights to their works for a certain amount of
time.
ANSWER: Copyright

Patent law protects_____.

ANSWER: inventions

Unlike a copyright, a patent prevents independent_____as well as copying.

ANSWER: creation
Copyright law protects authored works; __________ law protects inventions.
ANSWER: Patent

The term _____ art refers to the existing body of knowledge available to a person
of ordinary skill in the art.
ANSWER: prior

Because organizations can risk losing trade secrets when key employees leave, they
often try to prohibit employees from revealing secrets by adding______ clauses to
employment contracts.
ANSWER: nondisclosure

A(n) ______agreement prohibits an employee from working for any competitors for a
period of time, often one to two years.
ANSWER: noncompete

A(n) _____ is a language translator that converts computer program statements

expressed in a source language (such as Java, C , C++, and COBOL) into machine
language (a series of binary codes of 0s and 1s) that the computer can execute.
ANSWER: compiler

A(n) trade _____is business information that represents something of economic

value, has required effort or cost to develop, has some degree of uniqueness or
novelty, is generally unknown to the public, and is kept confidential.
ANSWER: secret