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    Lesson 2 Anatomical Position and Terminologies

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    nia
    1) The document discusses anatomical planes and terminologies used in anatomy. The four main anatomical planes are the median plane, sagittal plane, coronal plane, and transverse plane. 2) Key anatomical terms are also defined, such as proximal, distal, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior. These terms describe the location of structures in relation to each other or major body regions. 3) Movement terms like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation are also outlined, describing different types of joint motions.

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    Lesson 2 Anatomical Position and Terminologies

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    nia
    33 views3 pages
    1) The document discusses anatomical planes and terminologies used in anatomy. The four main anatomical planes are the median plane, sagittal plane, coronal plane, and transverse plane. 2) Key anatomical terms are also defined, such as proximal, distal, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior. These terms describe the location of structures in relation to each other or major body regions. 3) Movement terms like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation are also outlined, describing different types of joint motions.

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    LESSON-2-ANATOMICAL-POSITION-AND-TERMINOLOGIES

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    1) The document discusses anatomical planes and terminologies used in anatomy. The four main anatomical planes are the median plane, sagittal plane, coronal plane, and transverse plane. 2) Key anatomical terms are also defined, such as proximal, distal, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior. These terms describe the location of structures in relation to each other or major body regions. 3) Movement terms like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation are also outlined, describing different types of joint motions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    33 views3 pages

    Lesson 2 Anatomical Position and Terminologies

    Uploaded by

    nia
    1) The document discusses anatomical planes and terminologies used in anatomy. The four main anatomical planes are the median plane, sagittal plane, coronal plane, and transverse plane. 2) Key anatomical terms are also defined, such as proximal, distal, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior. These terms describe the location of structures in relation to each other or major body regions. 3) Movement terms like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation are also outlined, describing different types of joint motions.

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    HAPP111: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    TOPIC: ANATOMICAL POSITION AND TERMINOLOGIES


    1ST SEMESTER | S.Y 2022-2023 Transcribed by: Janiah Maxene J. Ramirez
    LECTURER: Sir Joshua Luigi D. Ramel, RMT
    TOPIC ANATOMICAL PLANES
    SUBTOPIC
    • Four Imaginary Planes/lines that pass through the
    SUB SUBTOPIC
    body in the anatomical position

    ANATOMICAL POSITION
    • Stands erect
    • Feet flat on the floor
    • Palms and face facing forward
    • Arms at the sides

    MEDIAN PLANE
    • vertical plane passing longitudinally dividing body
    into two equal halves, the left and the right
    • divides the body longitudinally; top to bottom.

    SAGITTAL PLANE
    • vertical plane passing longitudinally dividing body
    into two unequal halves, the left and the right
    BODY REGIONS • the left side of the body will have greater parts than
    the right side.
    HEAD
    CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE
    • brain, face with eyes, nose, mouth and ears
    • Perpendicular to the sagittal plane/line and divides
    NECK the body longitudinally into two unequal halves:
    • connects head and trunk - Anterior (front)
    - Posterior (back)
    TRUNK
    TRANSVERSE PLAIN
    • Thorax – heart and lungs
    • Abdomen – most parts of digestive system and • Can be longitudinal, axial, horizontal
    urinary system • Divides the body to produce unequal halves
    • Pelvic Cavity – with reproductive organs and distal - superior (upper extremities)
    - inferior (lower extremities)
    parts of digestive and urinary system (bladder,
    urethras, ureters)
    ➢ Planes are used to describe sections:
    UPPER EXTREMITIES - Longitudinal: Lengthwise
    - Transverse: Cross section
    - Oblique: Diagonal
    LOWER EXTREMITIES
    ➢ In PROXIMAL and DISTAL, we have 2 references we
    can use:
    - Closer or away from the trunk (thorax, abdomen,
    pelvic cavity)
    - Closer or away from the point of origin
    (Arms -shoulders)
    (Legs – hips)

    PROXIMAL
    • nearer/towards to the trunk or point of origin
    • Ex: The arm is proximal to the elbow and
    the proximal part of stomach is near the esophagus

    DISTAL

    ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP • farther/away from the trunk or point of origin


    • Ex: The elbow is distal to the arm and the distal part
    SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) of the stomach is near the duodenum
    • nearer/towards to the head SUPERFICIAL
    • Ex: The neck is superior to the chest
    • Nearer/towards to the surface
    INFERIOR (CAUDAL) • Ex. The epidermis is superficial to the dermis
    • nearer/towards the foot DEEP
    • Caudal – closer to the tail
    • Ex: The abdomen is inferior to the chest • Farther/away from the surface
    • Ex. Dermis is deeper to the epidermis
    ANTERIOR (VENTRAL)
    CENTRAL
    • nearer/towards to the front
    • know the coronal plane; if both organs are both on • Nearer/towards to the center
    the anterior side, use your point of view • Does not need the median plane
    • Ex: The chest bone is anterior to the heart PERIPHERAL
    POSTERIOR (DORSAL) • Farther/away from the center
    • nearer/towards the back • Does not need the median plane
    • Ex: The heart is posterior to the sternum PARIETAL
    MEDIAL • Pertaining to the external wall of a body cavity
    • nearer/towards to the medial plane (the one that VISCERAL
    divides the body into two equal halves)
    • Ex: The index finger is medial to the thumb • Pertaining to the covering of an organ

    LATERAL
    • farther/away from the median plane
    • Median plane is your center point
    • Ex: The thumb is lateral to the index finger
    ➢ Some of our organs are covered or placed inside the PROTRUSION
    cavity
    → The heart is placed inside the pericardium. • Jutting out of jaw
    → The pleural cavity – fluid filled space the ELEVATION
    surrounds the lungs
    → Peritoneal cavity – space within the • Raise or move a part superiorly
    abdomen that contains the intestines,
    stomach, and the liver (organs of the DEPRESSION
    digestive system) • Lowering of limb or body inferiorly
    ➢ Parietal : Fence ; Visceral : Walls
    OPPOSITION
    • To bring the thumb and index fingertips together
    TERMS OF MOVEMENT
    CIRCUMDUCTION
    GLIDING
    • Combination of all movement
    • Bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other

    FLEXION
    • Bending movement that decreases the angle of the
    joint

    EXTENSION
    • Movement that increases angle of the joint

    ABDUCTION
    • Moving away from the longitudinal axis

    ADDUCTION
    • Moving toward from the longitudinal axis

    ROTATION
    • Turning the bone or limb around its long axis

    SUPINATION
    • Rotating the forearm laterally such that the palm
    faces superiorly

    PRONATION
    • Rotating the forearm medially such that the palm
    faces inferiorly

    INVERSION
    • Sole of foot faces or turns medially

    EVERSION
    • Sole of foot faces or turns laterally

    PROTRACTION
    • Antero-lateral movement of the scapula

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