Design Procedure for Anchor with Supplementary Reinforcing Steel: Reference: "Design of Anchor Reinforcement in Concrete Pedestals", Widianto,

Chandu Patel, and Jerry Owen, CSA Today, Vol. III, No. 12. ACI 318-08 App. D Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Trail select pier size, size and number of vertical reinforcing steel. Calculate Nu and lever arm required to resist over-turning moment. Select size and number of anchor bolt required to resist Nu. Arrange tension bolts in a pattern that best meeting the limiting conditions, if any. 1. Obtain the least edge distance Ca1. 2. hef > 12do, 12", and Ld'+0.7*(Ca1-dc)+1.5" (Ld' is required Ld with reduction for excessive steel provided. See note below the table. "dc" is concrete cover to center of the rebars. D.8.1 3. c-c distance between anchor bolts >= 4do (untorqued), or 6do (torqued). RD.5.2.9 & RD.4.4 4. c-c distance between reinforcing steel & anchor bolt <= hef/2. D.5.4.1 & 8.2 db 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 Ld 19 24 29 42 48 53

#4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9

D.5.2.9

Note: Obtain Ld' thru following steps: a. Examine layout geometries to determine no. (and area) of contributing rebars per anchor (No. of bars within the circle with r = Ca1). b. Ca1lculate As(req'd) = Nu/ffy, f = 0.75, and fy = 60 ksi (for Gr. 60 steel). c. Ld' = Ld*[As(req'd)/As(prov)] >= 12".

Step 5 D.5.3 D.5.3.6

Check anchor pullout strength for tension load Np = 8*Abrg*fc' (D-15) Npn = (y)cp*Np (D-14) (y)cp = 1.4 (when service level stress will not crush the concrete) (y)cp = 1.0 (when service level stress exceeds concrete crushing strength) For fNp < Nu, increase Abrg by using square hardened washers. Check side-face breakout due to tension load For single anchor with Ca1 < 0.4hef, and Ca2 >= 3Ca1: Nsb = (160Ca1*(Abrg) )*l*(fc') (D-17) For single anchor with Ca1 < 0.4hef, and Ca2 < 3Ca1: 0.5 0.5 Nsb = (160Ca1*(Abrg) )*l*(fc') *(1 + Ca2/Ca1)/4, (1 <= Ca2/Ca1 <= 3) For a group of anchors in tension with Ca1 < 0.4hef AND anchor spacing s < 6Ca1: Nsbg = (1 + s/6Ca1)*Nsb (D-18) Nsb can be improved by increasing Abrg, or adding lateral ties to maintain the level of load after blowout has occurred. Recommended Fdgn = Tb/4 (Tb = tensile Capacity of the anchor bolt) Check side-face breakout due to shear Method A - Ca1lculate concrete breakout strength per D.6.2.1 thru D.6.2.8 Method B - Provide reinforcing per D.6.2.9 Method C - Design lateral reinforcement using Strut-Tie-Method (see reference)
0.5 0.5

Step 6 D.5.4

D5.4.2

Step 7 D.6.2

D.4.4

Notes: - When reinforced, f = 0.75 (condition "A") for design governed by concrete breakout and side-face breakout (tension & shear). - Reinforcement has no effect on pullout & pryout, for which f = 0.7 (condition "B"), same as for bolting in plain concrete. - Min anchor bolt spacing (to prevent concrete from spliting): s (min) = 4do (Untorqued Bolts) s (min) = 6do (Torqued Bolts) - It is assumed that for deep embedded anchors (hef > 12"), concrete pryout usually does not govern.

do 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 (*) -

Ag 0.196 0.307 0.442 0.601 0.785 1.227 1.767 2.405 3.142

Ase 0.142 0.226 0.334 0.462 0.606 0.969 1.41 1.9 2.5

fNn = fAse*futa F 1554 F 1554 Gr. 36 Gr. 55 futa = 58 futa = 75 6.2 9.8 14.5 20.1 26.4 42.2 61.3 82.7 108.8 8 12.7 18.8 26 34.1 54.5 79.3 106.9 140.6

fVn = fAse*futa (*) F 1554 F 1554 Gr. 36 Gr. 55 futa = 58 futa = 75 2.6 4.1 6 8.4 11 17.5 25.5 34.4 45.2 3.3 5.3 7.8 10.8 14.2 22.7 33 44.5 58.5

0.2fNn (**) F 1554 F 1554 Gr. 36 Gr. 55 futa = 58 futa = 75 1.2 2 2.9 4 5.3 8.4 12.3 16.5 21.8 1.6 2.5 3.8 5.2 6.8 10.9 15.9 21.4 28.1

0.2fVn (**) (***) F 1554 F 1554 Gr. 36 Gr. 55 futa = 58 futa = 75 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.7 2.2 3.5 5.1 6.9 9 0.7 1.1 1.6 2.2 2.8 4.5 6.6 8.9 11.7

Bearing Area of Nuts & Washers (A) Heavy Square 0.569 0.822 1.121 1.465 1.855 2.773 3.873
Hardened Washer

Square 0.444 0.693 0.824 1.121 1.465 2.288 3.295

Hex 0.291 0.454 0.654 0.891 1.163 1.817 2.617

Heavy Hex 0.467 0.671 0.911 1.188 1.501 2.237 3.118

0.69 1.046 1.252 1.804 2.356 3.682 5.301

Shear strength fVn is computed per D.6.1.2.(b) for headed bolt, with a reduction factor of 0.6, and an add'l factor of 0.8 for grout pad per D.6.1.3. [fVn = 0.65*0.6*0.8*Ase*futa] (**) - Interaction of tension & shear (D.7.3) needs not to be checked when Nu/fNn <= 1.0 and Vu/fVn <= 0.2, or Nu/fNn <= 0.2 and Vu/fVn <= 1.0. (***) - When Vu > 0.2fVn + o.5fNu (shear friction), it is recommended/preferred to design shear stub to resist shear force. Notes: 1. Strength of anchor bolt in tension is computed per D.5.2, with a strength reduction factor of 0.75 per D.4.4. 2. Strength of anchor bolt in shear is computed per D.6.1.2(B), with a strength reduction factor of 0.65 per D.4.4. 3. Units in the table: d (in), A (in2), N&V (kips)

Basic Design Considerations & Code Requirements 1. Pullout Strength of Headed Anchors Np = 8*Abrg*fc' (D-15) Npn = (y)cp*Np (D-14) (y)cp = 1.4 (when service level stress will not crush the concrete) (y)cp = 1.0 (when service level stress exceeds concrete crushing strength) 2. Side-face Breakout a. Prevent side-face blowout by letting edge distance Ca at least equal to: For hef >= 12do Ca = 0.4*12do = 4.8do (un-torqued bolt) Ca = 6do (torqued bolt) b. For case with above min edge distance can't be achieved: Design ties to maintain the level of load after breakout has occurred. Recommended Fdgn = Tb/4 (Tb = tensile capacity of the anchor bolt) For both cases a & b, and for single anchor: Nsb = (160Ca*(Abrg)0.5)*l*(fc')0.5 (D-17) For a group of anchors in tension with Ca < 0.4hef AND anchor spacing < 6Ca: Nsbg = (1 + s/6Ca)*Nsb (D-18) 3. Pryout It is safe to assume when Hef >= 12do, pryout will not govern.

D5.3.6

D5.4.1 D8.2

D5.4.2

D4.4

B.8.1

Note: - When reinforced, f = 0.75 (condition "A") for design governed by concrete breakout and side-face breakout (tension & shear). - Reinforcement has no effect on pullout & pryout, for which f = 0.7 (condition "B"), same as for bolting in plain concrete. - Min anchor bolt spacing (to prevent concrete from spliting): s (min) = 4do (Untorqued Bolts) s (min) = 6do (Torqued Bolts)

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

7 (condition "B"),

Design utilizing steel reinforcement to carry Tension Forces Design Considerations RD5.2.9 (RD4.4) - Only reinforcing bars located within a distance d <= hef/2 to the bolt be considered effective in resisting tension. - Development length of reinforcing bar is measured from the failure surface to top of concrete less clear cover. - Development length can be reduced for excessive reinforcement, except in regions with moderate or high seismic risk. 1. Determine number of bars required to resist the tension a. When non-ductile failure is permitted Ast >= Tu/ffy b. When ductile failure is required Ast >= Ase*futa/fy Ase = effective cross-sectional area of anchor Futa = specified min tensile strength of anchor steel fy = yield strength of reinforcing steel c. For Seismic Design Category C and above where ductility cannot be achieved, Ast below is considered satisfing requirements of IBC 2006 & ASCE 7-05. Ast >= 2.5Tu/ffy