ELECTRICAL MACHINES II

LABORATORY MANUAL
Third Year
Degree Engineering

Department
of
Electrical Engineering

Neotech Technical Campus

Neotech Institute of Technology

Name:- __________________________________________________________________________

Branch:- ________________________________ Division:- ____________________________

Roll No:- ________________________________ Year:- ________________________________

 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II LABARATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Sl.No Name of the Experiment Page no

NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON A 3- ɸ
1 4
INDUCTION MOTOR

2 BRAKE TEST ON 3- ɸ SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR 9

LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE AC SLIPRING INDUCTION MOTOR

3 17

4 LOAD TEST ON 1-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 22

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A SIGLE PHASE INDUCTION

5 27
MOTOR

REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR USING SYNCHRONOUS

6 32
IMPEDANCE METHOD AND MMF METHOD
7 ‘V’ AND ‘INVERTED V’ CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 38
DETERMINATION OF Xd AND Xq OF SALIENT POLE
8 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 43

SCOTT CONNECTION OF TRANSFORMERS

9 46

3
 1. NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON A 3- ɸ
INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:

To determine the equivalent circuit of a 3- ɸ induction motor and calculate

various parameters of induction motor with the help of circle diagram.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity
1 Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 1 no
2 Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1 no
10A/600V UPF 1 no
3 Wattmeter Electro dynamo meter type 10A/600V LPF 1 no
4 Tachometer Digital (0-10000)RPM 1 no
5 Connecting Wires (0-20)A Required

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Power rating 5Hp

Voltage 400V

Current 6.8A

Speed (RPM) 150

Frequency 50Hz

PF Lagging

4
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3- ɸ Auto transformer Details:

Input Voltage: _____415_

_____415_____________ (Volt)

Output Voltage: ___(0

(0-470)_______________ (Volt)

Current:_____________________ (Amp.)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

NO- LOAD TEST:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure that the 3- ɸ variac is kept at minimum output voltage position and belt is
freely suspended.

3. Switch ON the supply. Increase the variac output voltage gradually until rated
voltage is observed in voltmeter. Note that the induction motor takes large current
initially, so, keep an eye on the ammeter such that the starting current current
should not exceed 7 Amp.

4. By the time speed gains rated value, note down the readings of voltmeter,
ammeter, and wattmeter.

5
 5. Bring back the variac to zero output voltage position and switch OFF the supply.

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

1. Connections are as per the circuit diagram.

2. The rotor is blocked by tightening the belt.

3. A small voltage is applied using 3- ɸ variac to the stator so that a rated current
flows in the induction motor.

4. Note down the readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter in a tabular

column.

5. Bring back the Variac to zero output voltage position and switch OFF the supply.

OBSERVATIONS:

No Load Test:

S No. Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter reading Wnl (Pnl)

reading reading (W)
V nl Inl
(V) (A) W1 W2
W1+W2
(W) (W)
1 420 1 60 98 158*2=316

Blocked Rotor Test

Wattmeter
reading

Voltmeter Ammeter
Reading reading W1 W2 Wbr (Pbr)
S No. V br Ibr (W) (W) W1+W2
120*2=2
1 38.5 8 56 64 40

6
Measurement of stator winding resistance (r1):

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR COLUMN:

S no. Voltage (v) Ammeter (I) Resistance (R)

Procedure to find r 1:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

2. Switch ON the supply. By varying the rheostat, take different readings of
ammeter and voltmeter in a tabular column.
3. From the above readings, average resistance r1 of a stator is found

Measurement of Stator resistance

1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in fig (2).
2. Keeping rheostat in maximum resistance position switch on the 220 V Dc supply.
3. Using volt-ammeter method measure the resistance of the stator winding.
4. After finding the stator resistance, Rdc must be multiplied with 1.6 so as to
account for skin effect i.e. Rac = 1.6 Rdc.

7
 MODEL CALCULATIONS:

G=W0/3V2, Y0=I0/V , B0=Y02-G02

Z01=Vsc/Isc , R=Wsc/3xIsc2 , X01=√Z012-R012

For circle diagrm:

cosΦ0=W0/√3 V0I0 , Φ0=cos-1(W0/√3 V0I0)

cos Φsc =Wsc/√3 VscIsc , Isn=Isc(V/Vsc);

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Connections must be made tight

2. Before making or breaking the circuit, supply must be switched off

RESULT:
No load and blocked rotor tests are performed on 3-Φ Induction motor.

VIVA Questions:

1. Explain why the locus of the induction motor current is a circle.

2. What is the difference between the transformer equivalent circuit and induction
motor equivalent circuit
3. What are the reasons in conducting no-load test with rated voltage and blocked-
rotor test with rated current?
4. Why do you choose LPF wattmeter in load test and hpf wattmeter in blocked rotor
test?
5. How do you reverse the direction of rotation of induction motor?
6. What are the various applications of this motor?

8
 2. BRAKE TEST ON 3- ɸ SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION
MOTOR

AIM:

To determine the efficiency of 3- ɸ induction motor by performing load test.

To obtain the performance curves for the same.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity
1 Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 1 no
2 Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1 no
10A/600V UPF 1 no
3 Wattmeter Electro dynamo meter type 10A/600V LPF 1 no
4 Tachometer Digital 0-9999 RPM 1 no
5 Connecting Wires ***** ***** Required

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Power rating 5HP

Voltage 400V

Current 6.8A

Speed(RPM) 1450rpm

9
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Frequency 50Hz

PF lagging

3- ɸ Auto transformer Details:

Input Voltage: _________415_

415_________ (Volt)

Output Voltage: ________(0--470)_________ _(Volt)

Current:_______________________(Amp.)
Freq.:_____________50Hz______________(Hz)
______________(Hz)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure that the 3- ɸ variac is kept at minimum output voltage position and belt
is freely suspended.

10
 3. Switch ON the supply. Increase the variac output voltage gradually until rated
voltage is observed in voltmeter. Note that the induction motor takes large
current initially, so, keep an eye on the ammeter such that the starting current
current should not exceed 7 Amp.

4. By the time speed gains rated value, note down the readings of
voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter at no-load.

5. Now the increase the mechanical load by tightening the belt around the
brake drum gradually in steps.

6. Note down the various meters readings at different values of load till the ammeter
shows the rated current.

7. Reduce the load on the motor finally, and switch OFF the supply.

TABULAR COLUMN:

S. Volt Curre Wattmeter I/P Spring balance Speed % Power Torque Pout(W) %η
N age( nt(A) reading power (kg) (N) Slip factor (Nm)
O V) W1 W2 W1+W2 S1 S2 (S1- rpm cosΦ=
. S2) w1+w2
/√3vi
1 400 1.2 240 240 480 0 0 0 1498 0.13 0.57 0 0 0
2 400 2.2 880 240 1160 1.5 6. 5 1485 1 0.76 5.49 853.74 76.31
5
3 400 3 1120 480 1600 2.5 10 7.5 1454 3.06 0.76 8.24 1254.64 78.41

4 400 3.6 1440 640 2080 3.5 14 10.5 1424 5.06 0.83 11.53 1720.85 827.3
5 400 4 1600 720 2320 4.5 16 12 1398 6.8 0.83 13.18 1929.52 83.16
.5
6 400 5 1960 880 2840 5.5 19 13.5 1382 7.8 0.81 14.83 2146.23 75.57

7 400 6 2000 960 2960 6.0 20 14 1268 7.54 0.7 15.38 2093.76 70.23

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

Input power drawn by the motor W = (W1 + W2) watts


Shaft Torque, Tsh = 9.81 (S1 ~ S2) R N-m R Radius of drum in meters.
2 N Tsh
Output power in watts = watts
60

11
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1. efficiency  output power in watts x 100

Input power in watts

Calculations:

% Slip = (Ns
(Ns-N)/NS*100

=120f/P
Power factor of the induction motor cos
cosϴ=W/√3 VLIL

MODEL GRAPHS:

1. Speed or slip Vs output power

2. Torque Vs output power
3. % efficiency Vs output power

12
13
14
15
 PRECAUTIONS:

1. Connections must be made tight

2. Before making or breaking the circuit, supply must be switched off

RESULT:

The load test on 3-Φ squirrel cage induction motor conducted and the characteristics of
torque, speed, efficiency versus output power were drawn.

VIVA Questions:

1. Why starter is used? What are different types of starters?

2. Compare a slip ring induction motor with cage induction motor?
3. Why the starting torque is zero for a Single Phase induction motor and non-zero
of 3phase induction motor?
4. What are the disadvantages of this method?
5. Can we use rotor resistance method for starting?

16
3. LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE AC SLIPRING INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM :

To Perform Load Test on 3 Phase AC Slipring Induction Motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MI (0-10) A 1 no

(0-500) V 1 no
2 Voltmeter MI 10A/600V UPF 1 no

3 Wattmeter Electro dynamo meter type 10A/600V UPF 1 no

4 Tachometer Digital (0-10000)RPM 1 no

5 Connecting Wires ***** (0-20)A Required

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Power rating 5Hp

Voltage 400V

Current 6.8A

Speed (RPM) 1500

Frequency 50Hz

PF Lagging

Stator Delta connection

Rotor Star connection

17
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect circuit. as shown in diagram.
2. Adjust ‘Zero set’ for Balances.
3. Switch on Mains supply s/w.
4. To Start AC Motor, press START Push Button & Shift position of Rotor resistance s/w from
1 to 2 to 3 to 4. Resistance is cut out and rotor is short circuited at position – 4.
5. Note down readings of voltmeter, Ammeter, Wattmeter’s & load on balances W1 & W2 Kg.
6. Using hand wheel of Brake drum arrangement load the motor in steps from no load to rated
torque.
7. Rated torque T = (W1-W2) *A
A = Break drum Constant = Radius of Pulley (Meter) * 9.81
8. At each step repeat Step 5.
9. Calculate power output P = 2ЛNT/60.
10 .Calculate efficiency = output / input.

18
Observation Table:

S Line Lin Wattmeter’ I/P Loa Loa W1- Spee Tor

Volt e s Powe d d W2 d Output
que %η
N s Am watts r W1 W2 RP
O power
VL ps. P1 + Kg. M N-m
. IL P1 P2 P2 Kg.

1. 420 3.8 0.24 0.29 0.53 0 0 0 1472 0 0 0

2. 420 4 0.32 0.19 0.51 4 0.5 3.5 1420 4.12 612.6 30.02

3. 420 4.2 0.34 0.09 0.43 4.5 1 3.5 1360 4.12 586.7 34.11

4. 420 4.4 0.38 0.04 0.42 6 1.5 4.5 1348 5.29 746.7 44.9

19
20
RESULT:
Load test is performed on 3-ϴ A.C. Slip ring Induction motor, and characteristics
performances are observed.

21
 4.LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To conduct the direct load test on the given single phase induction motor and to
determine and plot its performance characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI (0-300)V 1 no
2 Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1 no
3 Tachometer Digital 0-9999 RPM 1 no
(0-150)V UPF
4 Wattmeter Dynamo-type (0-10)A 1 no
Connecting
5 Wires ***** (0-20)A Required

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

1Ф Induction motor
Rated Voltage : ________220V____________

Rated Current : ______8A______________

Rated Speed : _______1500rpm_____________

Rated Power : ________2HP____________

Rated Frequency: ______50Hz_____________

FORMULA USED:
Torque = 9.81 × (S1-S2) × R Nm, where R is the radius of the brake drum in meter.

Output power, Po= 2πNT/60 Watts

Input power, Pi = W1+W2 Watts

%Efficiency, %η = (output power/input power) ×100

% Slip = (Ns-N)/N ×100

Power factor = Cos φ=W/VI

22
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the supply at no load condition.

3. Apply the rotor voltage to the motor using the variac and note down the readings at
ammeter And wattmeter.

4. Vary the load in suitable steps and note down all the meter readings till fill load
condition.

TABULAR COLUMN:

IL
S. VL Amps S1 S2 S W Speed Torque Po
No Volts kg kg kg watts rpm Nm watts %η
1 220 2 0 0 0 480 1480 0 0 0
2 220 4 2 0.5 1.5 680 1460 1.65 252.142 37.09
3 220 5 4.5 1.5 2 960 1448 2.197 332.97 34.68
4 220 6 6.5 2 4.5 1120 1440 4.94 745.15 65.53
5 220 7 8.3 2.5 5.8 1440 1430 6.372 953.71 66.23

23
MODEL GRAPH:

24
25
RESULT:

Thus load test on the single phase induction motor has been conducted and its
performance characteristics determined.

VIVAQUESTIONS

1. What is the purpose of this experiment?

2. Whether single phase induction motor self starting motor?

3.What are the starting methods of single phase induction motor?

26
 5. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A SIGLE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR

AIM:
To determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a single phase induction motor
by performing the no- load and blocked rotor tests.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity
1 Voltmeter MI (0-300)V 1 no
2 Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1 no
(0-300)V LPF
3 Wattmeter Dynamo-type (0-10)A 1 no
(0-150)V UPF
4 Wattmeter Dynamo-type (0-10)A 1 no
5 Connecting Wires ***** (0-20)A Required

1 - ɸ Induction motor specifications:

Name plate details:

2HP
Rated power

Rated voltage 220V

Current 8A
Speed(RPM) 1500rpm
Cos ɸ (pf) Lagging
Frequency 50Hz

Squirrel
Rotor
Cage

27
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
No load Test:
1. The circuit connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Be sure that variac (auto transformer) is set to zero output voltage position before
starting the experiment.

3. Now switch ON the supply and close the DPST switch.

4. The variac is varied slowly, until rated voltage is applied to motor and rated speed
is obtained.

5. Take the readings of Ammeter, Voltmeter and wattmeter in a tabular column.

6. The variac is brought to zero output voltage position after the experiment is done,
and switch OFF the supply.

Blocked Rotor Test:

1. To conduct blocked rotor test, necessary meters are connected to suit the full load
conditions of the motor.

2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

3. Before starting the experiment variac (auto transformer) is set to zero output
voltage position.

4. The rotor (shaft) of the motor is held tight with the rope around the brake drum.

28
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5. Switch ON the supply, and variac is gradually varied till the rated current flows in
the induction motor.

6. Readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter, and wattmeter are noted in a tabular column.

7. The variac is brought to zero output voltage position after the experiment is done,
and switch OFF the supply.

8. Loosen the rope afterr the experiment is done.

Calculation for No-Load

Load Test:

Calculation For Blocked Rotor Test:

29
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OBSERVATIONS:

For No-Load Test:

Voltmeter Wattmeter cosΦ0=W0/V0I0

reading Ammeter reading
Sl no. Vo reading Io Wo

1 220 2 80*2=160 0.3636

For Blocked Rotor Test:

Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter

Sl reading reading reading cosΦsc
no. Vsc Isc Wsc
1 38 8 130*2=260 0.855

Circuit diagram for measurement of R1 :

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Initially rheostat is set at maximum resistance position.

3. Switch ON the supply, and vary the rheostat gradually and note down the readings of
ammeter and voltmeter

4. For the corresponding values, average of r1 is take

30
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To find stator Resistance:

S.NO. V(volts) I(Amps) R=V/I Ω
1 5 4.76 1.05
2 10 9.09 1.1
3 15 13.39 1.12
4 18 15.65 1.15
5 20 18.18 1.1

Average Value: Rdc Rac Rdc =1.1

Comments:
1. Since IM is not self starting Machine, it is started by placing an auxiliary winding
in the circuit.

2. Here no-load
load test is similar to open circuiting the load terminals and blocking the
rotor is similar to conducting short circuit on the IM.

VIVA Questions:

1. Why there is no starting torque in a single phase induction motor?

2. What are different starting methods employed in single phase induction motors?
3. Compare the performance of capacitor - start, capacitor – run, shaded pole single
phase induction motors?
4. Mention a few applications of single phase induction motors?

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Connections must be made tight.


2. Before making or breaking the circuit, supply must be switched off

RESULT:
Equivalent circuit parameters of 11-Φ Induction motor are determined by using No-load
No
and blocked rotor tests.






31
 6. REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR USING SYNCHRONOUS
IMPEDANCE METHOD

AIM:
To find the regulation of a 3 - ɸ alternator by using synchronous impedance
method.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI (0-300/600)V 1 no

2 Ammeter MI (0-5/10)A 1 no

3 Ammeter MI (0-2.5/5)A 1 no

400 Ω /1.7A 1 no
3 Rheostat Wire-wound 145Ω /2A 2 no

4 Tachometer Digital (0-100000)RPM 1 no

5 Connecting Wires ***** (0-20)A Required

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

DC Motor(prime mover) 3- ɸ Alternator

Power rating : 5HP Power Rating : 3KVA
Armature
Voltage : 220V
Voltage : 415 V
Current : 19A Rated Current : 3.8A
Speed : 1500rpm Speed : 1500rpm
Excitation : Shunt Excitation : DC Generator

32
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
Open Circuit Test:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Before starting the experiment, the potential divider network in the alternator
field circuit and field regulator rheostat of motor circuit is set minimum resistance
position.

3. Switch ON the supply and close the DPST switch. The DC motor is started by
moving starter handle.

4. Adjust the field rheostat of DC motor to atta

attain
in rated speed (equal to synchronous
speed of alternator)

5. By decreasing the field resistance of Alternator, the excitation current of

alternator is increased gradually in steps.

6. Note the readings of field current, and its corresponding armature voltage in a
tabular column.

7. The voltage readings are taken upto and 10% beyond the rated voltage of the
machine.

33
Short Circuit Test:
1. For Short circuit test, before starting the experiment the potential divider is
brought back to zero output position, i.e., resistance should be zero in value.

2. Now close the TPST switch.

3. The excitation of alternator is gradually increased in steps until rated current

flows in the machine and note down the readings of excitation current and load
current (short circuit current).

4. Switch OFF the supply.

OBSERVATIONS:

OC test S.C. test

SL.
SL. Field current in OC voltage No. Field current SC current
No. Amp.(I f) per phase (Vo) If( Amp.) Isc Amp.
1 0.25 140 1 0.24 0.5
2 0.3 160 2 0.3 1
3 0.35 175 3 0.35 1.2
4 0.4 205 4 0.4 1.6
5 0.45 228 5 0.45 1.9
6 0.5 250 6 0.5 2.15
7 0.55 270 7 0.55 2.4
8 0.6 265 8 0.6 2.8
9 0.7 320 9 0.65 3.1
10 0.75 335 10 0.7 3.4

Procedure to find Armature resistance of Alternator:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Switch ON the supply. By varying the rheostat, take different readings of

ammeter and voltmeter in a tabular column.

3. From the above readings, average resistance Ra of a armature is found out.

34
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Connection diagram to find Ra:

OBSERVATIONS:
Armature Armature
current voltage
S No. I(amp) Va (volts) Rdc=V / I

Procedure to find synchronous impedance from OC and SC tests:

1. Plot open circuit voltage, short circuit current verses field current on a graph
sheet.
2. From the graph, the synchronous impedance for the rated value of excitation is
calculated.
3. The excitation emf is calc
calculated
ulated at full load current which is equal to the terminal
voltage at No load.
4. The voltage regulation is calculated at rated terminal voltage.

35
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MODEL CALCULATIONS:

Zs= Voc/Isc for the same If and speed : Xs = √ Zs2-Ra2 (Ra=Rdc)

Generated e.m.f. of alternator on no load is

E0  vcosIaRa2vsinIaXS2

+ for lagging p.f.

- for leading p.f.

The percentage regulation of alternator for a given p.f. is

E V
1. Re g  0 x 100
V

Where

E0 – generated emf of alternator (or excitation voltage per phase)

V – full load, rated terminal voltage per phase.

MODEL GRAPHS:

Draw the graph between If VS E0 per phase and If VS ISC

36
PRECAUTIONS:

1. Connections must be made tight.

2. Before making or breaking the circuit, supply must be switched off.

RESULT:

The O.C. and S.C. tests were conducted on the given 3-Φ Alternator and the regulation of
Alternator was predetermined by e.m.f. and m.m.f. method.

37
 7. ‘V’ AND ‘INVERTED V’ CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS
MOTOR
AIM:

To plot the ‘v’ and ‘inverted v’ curves of Synchronous motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
Equipment Type Range Quantity
No.

1 Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 1 no

MC (0-2.5)A 1 no
2 Ammeter
MI (0-10)A 1 no

3 Rheostat Wire-wound 400 Ω /1.7A 1 no

4 Tachometer Digital (0-10000)RPM 1 no

10A, 600V UPF 1 no

5 Wattmeter Electrodynamometer
10A , 600V LPF 1 no

6 Connecting Wires ***** (0-20)A Required

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

3- ɸ Synchronous motor
Power Rating: 5HP
PF
Line voltage: 415V
Speed 1500 rpm

38
 Frequency 50Hz
Rated Current : 6.5A
Field current (If ) 1.5A
Field Voltage (Vf ) 220V

3- ɸ Auto transformer details:

Input voltage: ___415_________________(Volt)

Output Voltage : ____(0-470)_______________(Volt)

Frequency. :________50________________(Hz)

Current: _________________________(Amp)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

39
PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Opening the SPST switch connected across the field DC supply is given to the
field and field current is adjusted to 0.3A ( 20% of rated field current)
3. The DC supply to the field is removed and SPST switch is connected across the
field by closing the switch
4. As 3- ɸ , 440V, 50Hz AC supply is applied to 3- ɸ dimmer stator keeping it in
minimum output position, keeping it prior to that motor is kept in no load state.
5. Gradually supply voltage to synchronous motor is increased and then motor starts
running as squirrel cage induction motor. The direction of rotation is observed. if
it is not proper then supply phase sequence is altered.
6. Observing Ia, the voltage is gradually increased. It will reach a high value and
suddenly falls to a low value.
7. At that instant, open SPST switch connected across the field. The DC supply is
then given to the field. Then the motor is pulled into synchronism and motor now
works as a synchronous motor.
8. Gradually the supply voltage to stator is increased by observing the armature
current. If Ia, increases above the rated value then increase If such that Ia will be
within limits and thus full rated supply voltage is gradually given to the motor.
Now motor will work as synchronous motor with full rated voltage.
9. By varying If in steps, armature currents are recorded at no-load.
10. By applying half of full load on motor, If and Ia are recorded again. The same
th
experiment is repeated at 3/4 load, full load and corresponding readings are
recorded.
11. Completely removing the load on motor, the 3- ɸ supply to stator and then the DC
supply to the field are switched OFF.

40
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OBSERVATION TABLE:

Armature
Sl Field current current
no. If(Amp) Ia(Amp) Cos ɸ
1 0.05 1
2 1 0.5
3 0.15 0.6
4 02 0.4
5 0.25 0.2
6 0.35 0
7 0.45 0 0.5lag
8 0.5 0.2 0.8lag
9 0.55 0.4 0.98lag
10 0.6 0.5 0.8lead
11 0.65 0.6 0.75
12 0.7 0.7 0.7lead
13 0.8 0.8 0.6lead
14 0.85 1 0.55lead
15 0.9 1.5 0.5lead

CALCULATIONS:

Power factor = Cos [Tan1 √3(W1-W2)/(W1-W2)]]

Φ Tan1 √3(W1-W2)/(W1-W2)]

MODEL GRAPHS:


41
RESULT:

V and inverted V curves of synchronous motor are drawn.

VIVA Questions:

1. What are the difficulties in starting a synchronous motor?

2. What are the commonly employed methods of starting a synchronous motor?
3. What are the applications of synchronous motor?
4. What is synchronous condenser?
5. What do you understand by hunting?

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 8. DETERMINATION OF Xd AND Xq OF SALIENT POLE
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
AIM:

To determine the direct axis reactance Xd and quadrature axis reactance Xq by

conducting a slip test on a salient pole synchronous machine.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI (0-300)V 1 no

2 Ammeter MI (0-5)A 1 no

3 Rheostat Wire-wound 400 Ω /1.7A 1 no

4 Tachometer Digital ***** 1 no

5 Connecting Wires ***** ***** Required

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

DC Motor (prime mover) 3- ɸ Alternator

Power rating 5HP Power Rating 3 kVA
Voltage 220V Voltage 415

Curren t 19A Current 3.8

Speed 1500rpm Speed 1500rpm
Excitation Shunt Excitation Shunt
Field current 1.2A Field current 1.5

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3- ɸ Auto transformer Details:

Input Voltage: _______

_______415_________(Volt)

Output Voltage: ______

______(0-470)_________(Volt)

Current:___________
Current:___________6__________(Amp.)

Frequency: ________
________50___________(Hz)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Initially set field regulator, 33-ɸ
ɸ variac at minimum position and TPST switch
open.
3. The DC motor is started slowly by sliding starter handle and it is run at a speed
slightly less than the synchronous speed of the alternator.
4. Close the TPST switch.
5. With field winding left open, a positive sequence balanced voltages of reduced
Magnitude (around 25% of rated Value) and of rated frequency are impressed across the
armature terminals.

6. The prime mover (DC motor) speed is adjusted till ammeter and voltmeters
pointers swing slowly between maximum and minimum positions.

7. Under this condition , readings of maximum and minimum values of both

ammeter and voltmeter are recorded

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CALCULATIONS:

Xd=

Xq =

Note:

1. When performing this test, the slip should be made as small as possible.
2. During Slip test, it is observed that swing of the ammeter pointer is very wide,
whereas the voltmeter has only small swing.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Vmax Vmin Imax Imin

Sl no. Speed (VL) (VL) (IL) (IL) Xd Xq

1 1500 87.7 85.4 3.4 2.7 32.48 25.14

RESULT:
Xd and Xq of a salient pole synchronous motor are determined by conducting slip test.

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 9. SCOTT CONNECTION OF TRANSFORMERS

AIM:
To perform the Scott connection of transformer from three phases to two phase
connection.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
No. Equipment Type Range Quantity

(0-300)V 2 no
1 Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 2 no

2 Ammeter MI (0-5)A 1 no

3 Connecting Wires ***** ***** Required

Transformer Specifications:
MAIN Transformer
Transformer Rating :( in KVA) __3kVA__________
Winding Details:
LV (in Volts): ___150V______________________
LV side current:_______20A________________
HV (in Volts): ________230V________________
HV side Current:______13A________________
Type(Shell/Core):_____________________
Tapping’s: ___________0% , 50% , 100%_________________
TEASER Transformer
Transformer Rating :(in KVA) ______3kVA_____
Winding Details:
LV (in Volts): _____________150V__________
LV side current:____________20A__________

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 HV (in Volts): _________230V______________
HV side Current:__________13A___________
Type(Shell/Core):____________________
Tappings: __________0 % , 86.6 %________________
3 - ɸ Auto transformer Specifications:
Input Voltage (in Volts):_________415V_______
Output Voltage (in Volts): _______(0-470)V____
Frequency (in Hz):_________50Hz____________
Current rating (in Amp):______8A per line__________

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure that output voltage of the variac is set in zero position before starting the
experiment.

3. Switch ON the supply.

4. The output voltage of the variac is gradually increased in steps upto rated voltage
of single phase MAIN transformer and readings are correspondingly taken in
steps.
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5. Enter the readings in tabular column.

6. After observations, the variac is brought to zero position and switch OFF the
supply.

CALCULATIONS:
Prove

TABULAR COLUMN:

Theoretical
S. Set1(L1, Set2(L1,L Input Input Output Output voltage calculations
L2,L3,L 2,L3,L4) voltage( curren current(A) (V) V2TM=
N 4) V1) t I1 Teaser Mai Teaser Main √(V2T)2+(V2
2
O (V) (A) (IT1) n(I (V2T) (V2M) M)

(A) M1) (V)

(A)
1 0 0 415 0 0 0 230 230 320

2 L1 0 415 0.3 0.8 0 230 230 320

3 L1 L1 415 0.35 0.8 0.8 230 230 320

4 L1,L2 L1 415 1 1.5 0.8 230 230 320

5 L1,L2 L1,L2 415 1 1.5 1.5 230 230 320

6 L1,L2,L3 L1,L2 415 1.4 2.4 1.5 230 230 320

7 L1,L2,L3 L1,L2,L3 415 1.4 2.4 2.4 230 230 320

8 L1,L2,L3,L L1,L2,L3 415 1.8 3 2.4 230 230 320

4

9 L1,L2,L3,L L1,L2,L3,L4 415 1.8 3 3 230 230 320

4

Result:

Scott connection is performed on transformers and 33- Φ supply to 2- Φ conversion is observed.

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