INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

MAA

EXERCISES [MAA 2.11-2.12]

POLYNOMIALS
POLYNOMIAL EXERCISES
Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

O. Practice questions

1. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Consider the cubic function f ( x)  ax3  2 x 2  3 x  4 . Find the value of a in each of the
following cases
(a) the graph of the function passes through the point (1,10). [2]
(b) f ( x) is divisible by ( x  1) . [2]

(c) when f ( x) is divided by ( x  1) , the remainder is 10. [2]

(d) Confirm the result in (c) by using long division. [2]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

2*. [Maximum mark: 13] [without GDC]

Consider the cubic function f ( x)  ax 3  bx 2  3 x  4 . Find the values of a and b in
each of the following cases
(a) f ( x) is divisible by ( x  1) and leaves a remainder 6 when divided by ( x  1) . [4]

(b) f ( x) is divisible by ( x 2  1) . [4]

(c) f ( x) leaves a remainder 3 x  3 when divided by ( x 2  1) . [5]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

3. [Maximum mark: 10] [with / without GDC]

Consider the cubic function f ( x )  2 x 3  ax 2  bx  c . Find the values of a, b, c
(a) if the graph of the function passes through the points (1,0), (–1 ,2), and (0,3). [5]
(b) if the graph of the function passes through the points (1,0), (–1,0), and (3,0). [5]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

4. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Consider the polynomial f ( x )  4 x 3  4 x 2  5 x  3 .
(a) Show that x  1 is a root of f ( x ) . [1]

(b) Find the other two roots of f ( x ) by using long division. [5]

(c) Express the polynomial in the form f ( x )  ( x  a )(bx  c )( dx  e) , where

a, b, c, d , e  Z . [2]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

5. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

Complete the following table: for each polynomial find the sum and the product of the
roots (allowing non-real roots and repetition of roots) as well as the remainder when the
polynomial is divided by ( x  1) .

Sum Product Remainder

Polynomial by ( x  1)
of roots of roots
f ( x)  2 x 4  6 x 3  5 x 2  7 x  8

f ( x)  2 x 5  6 x 3  5 x 2  7 x  8

f ( x)  x10  x 9  1

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6. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Consider the cubic function f ( x )  ax 3  2 x 2  3 x  4 .
(a) Find the value of a if the sum of the roots of the cubic polynomial is 10. [2]
(b) Find the value of a if the product of the roots of the cubic polynomial is 10. [2]

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7. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Consider the cubic function f ( x )  ax 3  bx 2  3 x  4 . Find the values of a and b given
that the sum of the roots is 10 and the product of the roots is 12

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

8*. [Maximum mark: 14] [without GDC]

The polynomial f ( x )  x 3  7 x 2  ax  9 is divisible by ( x  1) .
(a) Find the value of a . [3]
(b) Give full factorization of f ( x ) . [5]
(c) Solve the inequalities
(i) f ( x)  0 (ii) f ( x)  0 (iii) f ( x)  0 (iv) f ( x)  0 [6]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

9. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Consider f ( x )  x 3  2 x 2  5 x  k . Find the value of k if ( x  2) is a factor of f ( x ) .

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10. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

When the function f ( x )  6 x 4  11x 3  22 x 2  ax  6 is divided by ( x  1) the remainder
is –20. Find the value of a .

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11. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

When x 4  ax  3 is divided by ( x  1) , the remainder is 8. Find the value of a .

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

12. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

The polynomial p ( x )  x 3  ax 2  3x  b is divisible by ( x  2) and has a remainder 6

when divided by ( x  1) .

(a) Find the value of a and of b . [5]

(b) Factorise completely p ( x ) and state its roots. [5]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

13*. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The polynomial p ( x )  ( ax  b)3 leaves a remainder of –1 when divided by ( x  1) , and

a remainder of 27 when divided by ( x  2) . Find the values of a and b .

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14. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The polynomial f ( x )  x 3  3 x 2  ax  b leaves the same remainder when divided by

( x  2) as when divided by ( x  1) .
(a) Find the value of a . [5]
(b) State the possible values of b . [1]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

15. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

Given that ( x  2) and ( x  2) are factors of f ( x )  x 3  px 2  qx  4 ,
(a) find the value of p and of q . [5]

(b) solve the equation f ( x )  0 . [2]

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16. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

The polynomial P ( x )  2 x 3  ax 2  4 x  b is divisible by ( x  1) and by ( x  3) .
(a) Find the value of a and of b. [5]
(b) Factorise f ( x ) . [2]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

17. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

The polynomial x 2  4 x  3 is a factor of x 3  (a  4) x 2  (3  4a ) x  3 .
(a) Calculate the value of the constant a . [4]
(b) Factorise completely the cubic polynomial. [2]
(c) Find the remainder when the cubic is divided by ( x  2) . [2]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

18. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

When P ( x )  4 x 3  px 2  qx  1 is divided by ( x  1) the remainder is –2. When P ( x )

13
is divided by (2 x  1) the remainder is . Find the value of p and of q .
4

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19*. [Maximum mark: 7] [with GDC]

17  21x
When P ( x )  4 x 3  px 2  qx  1 is divided by ( x  1)(2 x  1) the remainder is .
2
Find the value of p and of q .

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

20. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

The polynomial f ( x )  x 3  4 x 2  3 x  a is divisible by ( x  1) .
(a) Find the value of a . [3]
(b) Give full factorization of f ( x ) . [3]

(c) Solve the inequality f ( x )  0 . [2]

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21. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

The polynomial f ( x )  x 3  2 x 2  x  a is divisible by ( x  1) .
(a) Find the value of a . [3]
(b) Give full factorization of f ( x ) . [3]

(c) Solve the inequality f ( x )  0 . [2]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

22. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

When f ( x )  x 3  x 2  x  a is divided by ( x  1) the remainder is 3.
(a) Find the value of a . [3]
(b) Give full factorization of f ( x ) . [3]

(c) Solve the inequality f ( x )  0 . [2]

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23. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The polynomial f ( x )  3 x 3  a is divisible by ( x  1) .
(a) Find the value of a . [3]
(b) Solve the inequality f ( x )  0 . [3]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

24. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let  ,  be the non-real roots of the quadratic y  2 x 2  4 x  6

(a) Write down the values of (i)    (ii)  . [2]

(b) Find the value of  2   2 . [2]

(c) Find the value of (   ) 2 . [2]

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25. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let  ,  be the non-real roots of the quadratic y  2 x 2  4 x  6 .

Find a quadratic with roots  2  and  2

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

26. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

Let  ,  be the roots of the quadratic f ( x )  x 2  2 x  5 . Without finding  and 

(a) Find the value of  2   2 [3]

 
(b) Find a quadratic with integer coefficients and roots and . [4]
 

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27. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The roots α and β of the quadratic equation x2 – kx + (k + l) = 0
are such that α2 + β2 = 13. Find the possible values of the real number k .

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

B. Exam style questions (LONG)

28. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

The polynomial f ( x )  x 4  ax 3  bx 2  cx  d is divisible by x 2  3 x  2 .
The sum of its roots is 7 and the product of its roots is 0.
(a) Find the values of a , b , c and d . [8]
(b) Factorize f ( x ) . [4]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

29. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

The polynomial f ( x )  x 4  2 x 3  ax 2  bx  3 is divisible by ( x  1) and the quotient of

the division is the polynomial q ( x ) .

(a) Find the sum and the product of the roots of f ( x ) . [2]

(b) State the degree of q ( x ) . [1]

(c) Find the sum of a and b . [3]

(d) The sum and the product of the roots of q ( x ) . [4]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

30. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

Let f ( x )  ax 4  bx 3  cx 2  dx  16 .

The sum and the product of the roots of f ( x ) are both 8.

f ( x) is divisible by ( x  1) and f ( x )  ( x  1) q ( x) .
When f ( x ) is divided by ( x  1) the remainder is 120.

(a) Find the values of a and b . [3]

(b) Find the values of c and d . [5]
(c) Find the sum and the product of the roots of q ( x ) . [4]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

31*. [Maximum mark: 20] [with GDC]

Let  ,  be the roots of the quadratic f ( x )  5 x 2  2 x  4 . Without finding  and 

(a) Write down the values of (i)    (ii)  . [2]

(b) Find the values of (i)  2   2 (ii)  3   3 [5]

1 1
(c) Find a quadratic with integer coefficients which has roots , . [5]
 
(d) Find a quadratic with integer coefficients and roots  2 and  2 [4]

(e) Find a quadratic with integer coefficients and roots  3 and  3 [4]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

32*. [Maximum mark: 16] [without GDC]

For a cubic function ax 3  bx 2  cx  d with roots r1 , r2 , r3 , it is given that

b c d
S1  r1  r2  r3   , S 2  r1r2  r2 r3  r3r1  , S3  r1r2 r3  
a a a
Let  ,  ,  be the roots of the cubic function f ( x )  x 3  5 x 2  7 x  3

Without evaluating the roots  ,  ,  , find

(a)      ,      and  . [3]

(b) 2   2  2. [4]

(c) ( ) 2  (  ) 2  ( ) 2 . [5]

(d) a cubic polynomial which has roots  2 ,  2 ,  2 . [4]

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 [MAA 2.11-2.12 POLYNOMIALS

33*. [Maximum mark: 15] [with GDC]

Consider the following cubic polynomial
f ( x)  ( x  1)( x 2  ( 2  k ) x  k 2 )

(a) Show that x  1 cannot be a root of the quadratic factor ( x 2  ( 2  k ) x  k 2 ) . [4]

(b) Find the values of k in each of the following cases

(i) if the polynomial has exactly one real root;
(ii) if the polynomial has exactly two distinct real roots;
(iii) if the polynomial has three distinct real roots. [7]
(c) Find the roots of f ( x ) for each value of k in case (b)(ii). [4]

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