SA465 AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE

REGULATOR (AVR)
SPECIFICATION, INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENTS

General description Technical specification

SA465 is a half wave phase controlled thyristor type SENSING INPUT
AVR and forms part of the excitation system for a Voltage Jumper selectable
brush-less generator. The design employs Surface 100-130V ac 1 phase or
190-264V ac 1 phase
Mount Technology (SMT) for high integration of
Frequency 50-60 Hz nominal
features in a small footprint AVR. POWER INPUT
Voltage 100-264 V ac 1 phase
Positive voltage build up from residual levels is ensured Frequency 50-60 Hz nominal
by the use of efficient semiconductors in the power OUTPUT
circuitry of the AVR. Excitation power is derived directly Voltage 85 V d.c. @ 207V a.c.
from an auxiliary winding within the generator stator, Current continuous 4A
providing sustained short circuit current. Alternatively, transient 7.5A for 10 secs.
Resistance 15 ohms min
the unit can be powered from the main stator winding
(10 ohms min when input
when short circuit performance is not required. volts is less than 175V ac)
REGULATION
The AVR is linked with the main stator windings and the +/- 1.5% (see note 1)
exciter field windings to provide closed loop control of THERMAL DRIFT
the output voltage with load regulation of +/- 1.5%. 0.04% per deg. C change in AVR ambient (see
note 2)
In addition to being powered from the main stator, the TYPICAL SYSTEM RESPONSE
AVR response 20 ms
AVR also derives a sample voltage from the output
Filed current to 90% 80 ms
windings for voltage control purposes. In response to Machine Volts to 97% 300 ms
this sample voltage, the AVR controls the power fed to EXTERNAL VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT
the exciter field, and hence the main field, to maintain +/-10% with 1 k ohm 1 watt trimmer (see note 3)
the machine output voltage within the specified limits, UNDER FREQUENCY PROTECTION
compensating for load, speed, temperature and power Set point 95% Hz (see note 4)
factor of the generator. Slope 170% down to 30 Hz
UNIT POWER DISSIPATION
12 watts maximum
A frequency measuring circuit continually monitors the
BUILD UP VOLTAGE
generator output and provides output under-speed 4 Volts @ AVR terminals
protection of the excitation system, by reducing the ANALOGUE INPUT
output voltage proportionally with speed below a pre- Maximum input +/- 5V dc (see note 5)
settable threshold. A manual adjustment is provided Sensitivity 1v for 5% Generator Volts (adjustable)
for factory setting of the under frequency roll off point, Input resistance 1k ohm
(UFRO). This can easily be changed to 50 or 60 Hz in QUADRATURE DROOP INPUT
the field by push-on link selection. 10 ohms burden
Max. sensitivity: 0.07 A for 5% droop 0PF
Max. input: 0.33 A
Provision is made for the connection of a remote
ENVIRONMENTAL
voltage trimmer, allowing the user fine control of the Vibration 20-100 Hz 50mm/sec
generator's output. 100Hz – 2kHz 3.3g
Operating temperature -40 to +70°C
An analogue input is provided allowing connection to a Relative Humidity 0-70°C 95% (see note 6)
Newage Power Factor controller or other external Storage temperature -55 to +80°C
devices with compatible output.
NOTES
1. With 4% engine governing.
The AVR has the facility for droop CT connection, to 2. After 10 minutes.
allow parallel running with other similarly equipped 3. Applies to Mod status F onwards. Generator de-rate
generators. may apply. Check with factory.
4. Factory set, semi-sealed, jumper selectable.
5. Any device connected to the analogue input must be
fully floating (galvanically isolated from ground), with
an insulation strength of 500V ac.
6. Non condensing.

TD_SA465.GB_05.03_02
 DESIGN DETAIL

Voltage
Sensing
Generator

Droop Potential
Divider &
Hand Rectifier Suppression
Trimmer
Low Hz Synchronising Low Pass
Detection Circuit Filter

Reference Power
Voltage supply
Short circuit
Detector

Analogue Level Power

DC Ramp Detector & Control
Input Amp
Mixer Generator Driver Devices

Exciter
Stability Field
Circuit

The main functions of the AVR are:

Potential Divider and Rectifier takes a proportion of the The Synchronising circuit is used to keep the Ramp
generator output voltage and attenuates it. The potential Generator and Low Hz Detector locked to the
divider is adjustable by the AVR Volts potentiometer and generator waveform period.
external hand trimmer (when fitted). The output from the
droop CT is also added to this signal. A rectifier converts The Low Pass Filter prevents distorted waveforms
the a.c. input signal into d.c. for further processing. affecting the operation of the AVR control circuit.

The DC Mixer adds the Analogue input signal the The Short Circuit Detector senses the presence of a
Sensing signal. short circuit on the generator output and forces the
Power Control Devices into full conduction. This only
The Amplifier (Amp) compares the sensing voltage to the occurs when the AVR is powered from an auxiliary
Reference Voltage and amplifies the difference (error) to winding.
provide a controlling signal for the power devices. The
Ramp Generator and Level Detector and Driver infinitely Power Control Devices vary the amount of exciter field
control the conduction period of the Power Control current in response to the error signal produced by
Devices and hence provides the excitation system with the Amplifier.
the required power to maintain the generator voltage
within specified limits. Suppression components are included to prevent sub
cycle voltage spikes damaging the AVR components
The Stability Circuit provides adjustable negative ac and also to reduce the amount of conducted noise on
feedback to ensure good steady state and transient the generator terminals..
performance of the control system.
The Power Supply provides the required voltages for
The Low Hz Detector measures the period of each the AVR circuitry.
electrical cycle and causes the reference voltage to be
reduced approximately linearly with speed below a
presettable threshold. A Light Emitting Diode gives
indication of underspeed running.

TD_SA465.GB_05.03_02
 FITTING AND OPERATING

F2 F1 7 8 8 Z2 REFER TO GENERATOR WIRING DIAGRAM

FOR CONNECTION DETAILS
Volts
1
2
3 Stability Selection Switch
L
L
No. Power range Response
SA465
Droop 0. < 100kW Fast
1. 100-550kW Fast
S1 2. 550-1000kW Fast
S2 Frequency 3. > 1000kW Fast
A1 Selection 4. < 100kW Medium
A2 Stability 5. 100-550kW Medium
Selection Indicator 6. 550-1000kW Medium
Trim
Switch LED 7. > 1000kW Medium
60Hz
50Hz
8. < 100kW Slow
Stability UFRO 9. 100-550kW Slow
60 C 50

SUMMARY OF AVR CONTROLS

CONTROL FUNCTION DIRECTION

Volts To adjust generator output voltage Clockwise increases output voltage

Stability To prevent voltage hunting Clockwise increase the damping effect
Stab switch To optimise transient performance See table above
Ufro To set the ufro knee point Clockwise reduces the knee point frequency
Droop To set the generator droop to 5% at 0pf Clockwise increases the droop
Vtrim To optimise analogue input sensitivity Clockwise increases the gain or sensitivity

ADJUSTMENT OF AVR CONTROLS

VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT CAUTION
1. Before running generator, turn the VOLTS control
The generator output voltage is set at the factory, but fully anti-clockwise.
can be altered by careful adjustment of the VOLTS 2. Turn remote volts trimmer (if fitted) to midway
control on the AVR board, or by the external hand position.
trimmer if fitted. Terminals 1 and 2 on the AVR will be 3. Turn STABILITY control to midway position.
fitted with a shorting link if no hand trimmer is 4. Connect a suitable voltmeter (0-300V ac) across
required. Terminals 3 and 4 are linked only for special line to neutral of the generator.
low voltage applications. 5. Start generator set, and run on no load at nominal
frequency e.g. 50-53Hz or 60-63Hz.
CAUTION Do not increase the voltage above the 6. If the red Light Emitting Diode (LED) is illuminated,
rated generator voltage. If in doubt, refer to the rating refer to the Under Frequency Roll Off (UFRO)
plate mounted on the generator case. adjustment.
7. Carefully turn VOLTS control clockwise until rated
CAUTION Do not ground any of the hand trimmer voltage is reached.
terminals as these could be above earth potential. 8. If instability is present at rated voltage, refer to
Failure to observe this could cause equipment stability adjustment, then re-adjust voltage if necessary.
damage. 9. Voltage adjustment is now completed.

If a replacement AVR has been fitted or re-setting of

the VOLTS adjustment is required, proceed as
follows:

TD_SA465.GB_05.03_02
 FITTING AND OPERATING

STABILITY ADJUSTMENT TRIM ADJUSTMENT

The AVR includes a stability or damping circuit to provide An analogue input (A1 A2) is provided to connect to the
good steady state and transient performance of the Newage Power Factor Controller or other devices. It is
generator. designed to accept dc signals up to +/- 5 volts.

A switch is provided to change the response of the CAUTION Any devices connected to this input must be
stability circuit to suit different frame size generators and fully floating and galvanically isolated from ground, with an
applications. The table shows the options available. insulation capability of 500V ac. Failure to observe this
The slow response settings may prove helpful in reducing could result in equipment damage.
lamp flicker.
The dc signal applied to this input adds to the AVR sensing
The correct setting of the Stability adjustment can be circuit. A1 is connected to the AVR 0 volts. Positive on A2
found by running the generator at no load and slowly increases excitation. Negative on A2 decreases excitation.
turning the stability control anti-clockwise until the
generator voltage starts to become unstable. The TRIM control allows the user to adjust the sensitivity of
the input. With TRIM fully anti-clockwise the externally
The optimum or critically damped position is slightly applied signal has no effect. Clockwise it has maximum
clockwise from this point (i.e. where the machine volts effect.
are stable but close to the unstable region).
Normal setting is fully clockwise when used with a Newage
UNDER FREQUENCY ROLL OFF (UFRO) Power Factor Controller.
ADJUSTMENT

The AVR incorporates an underspeed protection circuit

which gives a volts/Hz characteristic when the generator
speed falls below a presettable threshold known as the
"knee" point.

The red Light Emitting Diode (LED) gives indication that

the UFRO circuit is operating.

The UFRO adjustment is preset and sealed and only

requires the selection of 50 / 60Hz using the jumper link.

For optimum setting, the LED should illuminate as the

frequency falls just below nominal, i.e. 47Hz on a 50Hz
system or 57Hz on a 60Hz system.

DROOP ADJUSTMENT

Generators intended for parallel operation are fitted with

a quadrature droop C.T. which provides a power factor
dependent signal for the AVR. The C.T. is connected to
S1, S2 on the AVR.

The DROOP adjustment is normally preset in the works

to give 5% voltage droop at full load zero power factor.

Clockwise increases the amount of C.T. signal injected

into the AVR and increases the droop with lagging power
factor (cos Ø). With the control fully anti-clockwise there
is no droop.

PO Box 17 • Barnack Road • Stamford • Lincolnshire • PE9 2NB

© 2003 Newage International Limited. Tel: 00 44 (0)1780 484000 • Fax: 00 44 (0)1780 484100
Reprinted with permission of N.I. only. Website: www.newage-avkseg.com
Printed in England. TD_SA465.GB_05.03_02