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Higher Order Linear Differential Equations

This document discusses higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines these as differential equations where the order is greater than one, such as second, third, or fourth order. These equations are classified as either homogeneous or non-homogeneous. Homogeneous equations only contain the dependent variable and its derivatives, while non-homogeneous equations also contain an inhomogeneous term not involving derivatives. The document outlines methods for solving each type, including using the auxiliary equation to find the solution form for homogeneous equations, and the method of undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters for non-homogeneous equations. Examples are provided and worked through step-by-step.

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Sameer Sohail
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111 views

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations

This document discusses higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines these as differential equations where the order is greater than one, such as second, third, or fourth order. These equations are classified as either homogeneous or non-homogeneous. Homogeneous equations only contain the dependent variable and its derivatives, while non-homogeneous equations also contain an inhomogeneous term not involving derivatives. The document outlines methods for solving each type, including using the auxiliary equation to find the solution form for homogeneous equations, and the method of undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters for non-homogeneous equations. Examples are provided and worked through step-by-step.

Uploaded by

Sameer Sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Higher Order Linear Differential Equations

13 May 2023 20:57

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant


Coefficients:

When order of DE is greater than 1, i.e. 2,3,4 and so on then


Differential Equations are called Higher Order Differential Equations.

A differential equation of the form

where,

Higher order Differential Equations are classified into two types:

i) Homogeneous Differential Equations [


ii) Non-Homogeneous Differential Equations [

Homogeneous Differential Equations:

A differential equation of the form

Examples:

Steps to find solution of Homogeneous DE's

1) First we form Auxiliary Equation as:

For Example:

Auxiliary Equation is:

Then solution is written as

Then solution is written as

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Co Page 1


Then solution is written as

Non-Homogeneous Differential Equations:

A differential equation of the form

Solution of Non-Homogenoues Differential Equation:

y=

Methods to Solve Non-Homogeneous Differential Equations:

1) Method of Undetermined Coefficients


2) Variation of Parameter

1) Method of Undetermined Coefficients:

Case 1 : If

Let

Case 2 : If

Let

or

If

Let

Case 3 : If

Let

Example:

Solved by the methods of undetermined coefficients

Solution:

For

Auxiliary equation is:

Roots are real and distinct

Therefore,

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Co Page 2


For

Put the values in equation (1)

so,

Required General Solution is:

Example:

Solved by the methods of undetermined coefficients

Solution:

For

Auxiliary equation is:

Roots are real and distinct

Therefore,

For

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Co Page 3


For

Put the values in equation (1)

so,

Required General Solution is:

Example:

Solved by the methods of undetermined coefficients

Solution:

For

Auxiliary equation is:

Roots are real and distinct

Therefore,

For

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Co Page 4


For

Put the values in equation (1)

so,

Required General Solution is:

2) Variation of Parameter:

For

where,

w=

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Co Page 5


where,

w=

Example:

Complex Number = Real Number + Imaginary Number

R.P=0
I.P=2

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Co Page 6


Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Co Page 7

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