Mr I ipl&

~t 1.v1.ty 1·• Concept Check

ALGERIA -tt,e
that
.
correspon s. to thP- time ptnod that Islam reoc.hed Irie ore0
progression~

7th and 8th Centuries

-
t Islam across Africa os stoterJ in the te1r on 1he t,met n.. n-tte the

MAURITANIA
MAU

Jlth Century

Islam spreoa 1r110 Afnca 1hrough se\leraf 5epOn:dt phases of development. Islam spread
to Egypt ono across North Africo from 685 CE to 7J5 CE. Islam spread across the Sahara 13th and 14th Centu ries
to the Sahe. Islam spft!od through the West African Sfofes and East Africa through
Afnc.o.
merehont contocts and long-disfonce aJrt:J\Q, routes to Arab Muslim cities of northern
 ru "d Mo between about
He w as the great nephew of
un1oto) the legendary k ng
b hed the, kingdom of Mo
M so w as famous for h s long
exped1t1on oc.ross the Sohora
where he took with h m vast
fs of gold frorr> •h,:: rch god
of West Africa. ,.. Coiro, ne spen 1
,nueh gold that the ,awe of gold fe
oughout Egypt.

n,e ibrory of Arabic monuscnots n

-,mt,uktu snows ho •1 ts cultural r:e~rtage
"1CJS been connected to the Arab Mus m
.-orfd. Exh,b1ts show e v'dence of visi-s
ot Muslim scholars trove ing across tne
Sahara since at least the 14th century.
One of the famous visrtors v,os ~he
1raveler. lbn Battuto who wrote coocJ, "s
visit to the C'ties.

~~!J..Jf
Tr.eGreotMc::,squeotTimbuk,
m 1327. The bulid ~
. .-~ .s ..7'fe sty
:.i o.s,,:. known oc '"'-
.., VJ ngarey Ber Mosque 110s o r g no fly t;..,
l~pJ~~
Dnglnoted from The KJng- PICOI of the pe0p1e of Su
bQdcotomousarch11ec1 tofMa ,Manso'6J50 Who donond Sahel ot tne t,me. The r e
i
IJ-.~(Yf. ::
o Oesign ..._ Went th e nOJJ
u . Mecca a nd brought ,
11111:~.
11 rn

11·2
Activity 2: Concept Check
.An<'l'Cr 1hc questions
oie""e
oienne hos been occup ied since 250 BCE
r, of Afr o' Circle your choice.
orid becom e a marke t centre along the
t. · so k o toe rons Sahar
I . an go ld trade routes of th e
to 14' centu ry. Its t rad1t1onal mud
n,e Sudan where 1he Western Afri ca . 13
in 1h 11ouses and ,1s large mosques make use
Sahel region
Sou•hem A.fr:CO a 9
Slue N e and wI,1te Nile a Ion 1e of fhe local mater ials of mud from the
Niger River 9 he
the Qronge Rve meet ot Khartoum
............ ---·---------- r,eorbY river

Each year these traditiona l mosques

Manso Musa was.re ated 1 whrd'I of the followi are refreshed . With a community effort
0 ng famou s Africa ns?
teams. of builde rs bring fresh mud Paster
1 '
to reinfor ce the walls of the structure.
Sunja ta (also spell
bn Bo!tl.Jttl the famous lbn l(holdun, the famous
Sundi ata) the k. ed as
North Afncon n-aveller North African historian found.ed Mali ing Who

'

Copyri&htC> MlnlSlry ofEduuition - United it.rab: Enlirlltl Copyrl&ht Cl Mlnlstf) of Eduat.lon - Urumi
Arab EmnteS 114
 'a1ity 4: Make a map
t ctteck ~et'"
. . 3··
Act1v1ty
cottceP
. ted in the box.
,,y0,ds III
with thf lrtY ap of North Africa, draw the route you think M M • .
5 Ott th• "' on10 u10 used tn his Irevels to
0 itlw-"~ _,,.hlll
Fill ii, tfte gaps

corovan trip from Timbuktu in 1324 to Coiro,

pilgrimage to Mecca, and

return to Timbu ktu in Mali.

.. ~~

the Motion and

-
EDn:-ZA'iEA/i >.aA
One of the most ..__,.,.crulerS
,u,, ...,...
of
\

. He led a caravan across the Sahara 10

EmpireWOS

. nilnrimnae or hajj. The famous city of _____ in

Cairo and to MeccO to make hiS~• .... -"'

Mali, has a great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ of manuscripts where Arabic books

and Kofons ore preserm1 tor sdJolors to study. - - - - - - - - - - - - isa

majoracf1ievemenf ofTimbuldu. Th_e city of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ is

located in thetfiger RwerDdto andfeofUres many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

made of fracflfionol mud architedtte,,

ATLANTIC

0MlnlltryofEducatlon-United,-r1bEl'Nratd
 j.

~-
~j.,ity 1: Concept Check
European Colonialism in Africa
,,,,..,., the que,tions,

As Europeans explored more oreo outside of Europe in the 1600s, they found
Amco O land nth tn "oturol resources. The land area of Africa about 30 37 A,Ccord1ng to the t ei<t, Africa ,s about _ _ _ _ _ __ square ,, om~·es or
m ron square kilometres That means that Afnca is three times larger than
(h,no In fact Aftica1slorgerfh0n fhecombm~ areas of Chino, Canada, and iorger tha n the combined areas of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - ~
1heUSA

Afnco hos rnhosprtoble deserts but 1t also has milder areas ideal for growing
crops Naturol resources found n Africa rndude diamonds, raw materials for
sugar, gold, iron cobalt, uranium, copper, bauxite, silver, petroleum in add ition
to the agrieulturol products.

The first Industrial Re\iolution ranged from the mid 1700s to the mid 1800s.
People rn European countries needed natural resources to produce goods that
,What were some problems facing Europe In tne leth and 19'!h cent

_ _ __
nes'

COUid not be found m Europe

the 50
At ~ ~e, the population of Europe was high compared to the land
ar~a available in Europe causing overcrowding. Many people lived in large
.
crt1es with poor fMng conditions' and
poverty was widespread. Some Europea
powers sow the African conti t . n
and . nen as a way to increase their natural resources
way to gwe economic opportuniti t .
es o people m their own countries .
People from Europe were sent out into Africa to set u f .
types of businesses to get or make od p arms, mines, and other
Europe. People from drff t P: ~cts to send bock to their countries in
eren countries In Europe •
area or fonds and hod di t So sometimes claimed the same List some of the important natural resources o! Afr co.
me of the dis ut I

' ·- --------
spu es.
between the countries. p es et to fighting and wars

In 1885-1884, diplomats fr .
Bet , om the countries of Great Brit .
gum, Italy and Spain met to discuss th . . . am, Germany, France,
was called the Berlin Conferen b e s1tuat1on in Africa. The meeting
d1 I ce ecause it was h Id ·
P omotic conference the countries a re . ~ in Berlin, Germany. At this
among themselves to be ruled as c I 9_ ed to d1v1de the continent of Africa
O onies. A colony is
one count 1
ry yet ruled as a part of that a pace far away from
based on the lows of the ruling countryc~~~:~· Usually, the laws in a colony are
' e country that was colonized .

C.,,,n c, in ofEduouon - UNtedArab Em ~

 < W

Activity 1: Concept Checlc ~cti~ity 2: Critical Thinking

~
, rouse Afnca for? our discussion in Activity I What is fh
What did some E"uropPOn powers won

---
Y
~only , . ere 1ot1onsh1p betw" he
spoken tn some African countries tod ~en r fongoages
()111 . . , oy and lhe Europe of
'" in act1v1ty 3, Explain with at least three examples
,11e ,riop ~on c onJOJ PQ'#erson

'-- - - ----------

Why wcJs The Benin Conference of 1884--1885 organized?

________ _
What was the outcome of1he Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

\_

Conrilhl C> Ministry of Eduadon - United Arab £,n\r:,tts:

l 124
 ~ti\'ity 3: Combining Sources
New Countries in Africa
co"' a,;,,e. the info,motio n in the tc,ct with other ·In formot1on
. ,n• the lf!5'(>rl to form 0

,.. is rerm presented past dv1l11atio n s

,o"''"''o"•
Previous lessons ,n '"rlch and' prosperous. At the> 11m C"
were me "new " countncs creatl"d ,n Africo after col0nrwt,on reollv "newH count, es'
Man'/W¥f
;:r:"uropeon countrlU colonized Africa, the one ,en t fJ(ptoin your answer.
cMltzat#OtfS nod dedfned or disappeared. European
~rshad,noreadVQncedweapons and were able to ---- --
-------- --~
,ablfSI, 1tJe AtriCon colonJei•
11
TM cotonlal bel,lndarll!S were very different from
,raomonoJorcusromarybOUndarles between people
and culfUfe5 that e"'5ted before colonialization.
wtren the a,loniOI t,ounaarles were drawn, they often
separated people and tribes that shared the same -------------
culture. language, values and beliefs and restricted their
movement. In other cases, people and tribes with very
-------------- -- - - -
different cultures, vcrfues, and languages were included
in the same area. These practices often led to conflicts
and wars. ----------------~ -------
Ev~ntually, the European colon/al powers withdrew from
. In some cases the colon,·es becametoo
African.colonies. --------------~-------- --------
expensive or difficult to manage. In other cases
the colonies wanted to set up the'"own government.
.
, people ,n ----------------~------ - ------ -----
modern d and Eth·,op,a
Only Liberia

although G
· were not colonized. The
ay country of ,:.,.UM
. . ..i,,,,, was formed in 1922
reat Bnta,n retained ,
_________
--------------------- --
---------------
--- ____--,__
..
along the Suez Canal untll 1 control of parts of Egypt
only receive independ
956· Mo5f of the rest of Africa
Africa became Ind ence after f956. Areas of West
---------------------~---
---------------
ependent$Jths'
progress a movement t "--·· ,n 1960. This set in
· countries
of Africa to become ind o a,"""'fhe.remofning
epenieftt naffons.

-------------------- --
,i
~3 ~ty 4~lii1atchi, g

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,t,e par..i:eof r?".itk,~k. , ~~~l:litit!•~ ~

' -- ~