*hapter 1 es Unit 1 Introducing .NET 4.4 Introduction to .Net Framework 4.2 Benefits of Net 4.3 Building Blocks of NET 1.4 .NET Languages 1.5 Common Language Runtime 4.6 NET Class Library 1.7 Questions 1.1 Goals of NET =. Provide a new development platform for internet and distributed applications. D> Simplify application development and deployment. Provide a platform for building web services. Amproyve interoperability and integration between systems and applications. ‘Ehablé “universal access” of applications from any device. ding Blocks of NETwage Specification (cLs) Common Lang! LAN'OIPMS jens provides [NET Framework, which is a set of system services, types that enhance Badti and give easier access to the deep set of functionality Windows. The .net frame work enhances developer productivity, because it handles many ying details that are required for components to work together, and to scale. |p ‘as well, and introduces a high level of thread safety, so that. errant an application. The .NET Framework allows developers to concentrate on instead of worrying about management details. ‘a layered system of classes and services that start with the operating through @ set of system-level classes (the Base Class Library) and Microsoft sup nt parts are: A rich rintime environment that handles important runtime memory management and garbage collection. Built around acommon type system for all languages. tional base classes that may be inherited or extended example, System. Object provides base object york inherit, System. 10 provides serialization to as files and streams. lat are focused on one aspect of development. ), and are designed to make it easier and ASP.NET includes classes that are e ADO.NET (for data access) and orms (the successor to VB forms).iii ae 4, Common Language Specification: Defines requirements for NET languages, by specifying @ set of rules that NET compliant languages must follow. One of these rules is that the language must adhere to common type system, §, Multiple Programming Languages: VB.NET, C++.NET and C#.NET just some of the many languages that are available for coding in .NET the .NET Framework provides one platform and a unified programming model for several languages, Java is conspicuously absent from .NET family of languages, probably due to the licensing dispute between Sun Microsystems and Microsoft. 6. Visual Studio.NET: An integrated development environment for coding with .NET framework. The diagram shows VS.NET spanning the entire .NET Framework because it provides tools that access each part of the framework. 7, Windows and COM+ Services: These are technically not part of the .NET Framework, but they are a requirement for today's NET Framework SDK. ae Enterprise Servers puree’ b eventing all of their recent and upcoming technology around .net, and to this end, they. have identified a suite of products called NET Enterprise Servers, which are server-based applications that Web-cnable enterprise systems: _ 1. Windows 200 Advanced Server; Operating system that provides a platform for NET server software, as well as custom .NET applications, one the NET Framework is installed. Windows 2000 Advanced server is Microsoft's recommended platform for developing enterprise-level applications, but you do have other options, namely, the other " Microsoft operating systems, such as windows 2000 professional, and the new Windows Bex. . Application ‘Center 2000: Provides management support for applications, to improve their "scalability and availability, ‘SOL Server 2000: Provides Database support, including data storage, analysis and indexing. ‘Host Integration Server 2000: Provides integration with legacy host systems, Tnternet Security and Acceleration Server: Manages Internet connectivity, including“ ~ . are Server 2000; Facilitates business-to-business communications and enables oe ‘gs translation between ppolisstions, and automates business processes. 1:15.NET Applications — Thar ate several pes of applications that can build with .NET: { wee: Windows Forms sles ;gi 1. rete Forms Applications: Windows Forms are objects derived from NET framework, age consist of extensible set of classes, a form-based user interface and n-ticr partitioned ten They classes can be used as such or may be extended by the developer, Winforms gives the following features: % A new Forms Architecture: An object-oriented set of classes, including the base Form class. Custom forms may inherit directly from the base form class, & The Control Object Model: A set of windows controls for the user interface. © A new Event Model: A set of events, based on delegates, which are similar to callbacks. Delegates allow you to develop more complex, responsive event handlers. 2. Windows Forms Controls: The Windows form controls are the successors 10 ActiveX controls. They are reusable components that provide a user imerface and responsive to user events. ‘The NET framework provides a namespace called System. Windows.Forms.Control, ‘which provides the base classes that all windows form controls inberit from. 3. Windows Service Applications: Windows service applications are formerly called NT services. They are executables that run in independent windows sessions with no user interaction. Some of these services are Micrasoft SQL-Server 2000, Microsoft Commerce server, Distributed Transaction Coordinator, IIS Admin Service, SMTP, Task Scheduler, ‘Windows installer, WWW publishing service. Visual studio.NET provides a special application installer that you include in your project as dedicated application installer class. These {nstantiates objects that are used to install and configure your windows service applications. applications. also share similarities to regular applications. For example, lifecycle events, just as forms and classes respond to initialization and _ termination events. ‘Windows service applications respond to events such as starting and ‘associated procedures like onStart and OnStop. Bit service applications do tions: Asp.NET is now a compiled, object-oriented development where you develop using languages such as Vb and C# in addition, asp.NET F frame work classes and services, are analogous to windows forms, and even provide web controls don to the form to provide a user interface, and to automate h as input validation. Web forms supports event driven $$ the functionality of client side script. application components that receive and respond to namely, RPC calls over HTTP using XMLsimplify App! There are several limitations with current development tools technologies that reduces developer productivity. Development should become casicr because the NET framework provides a new set of tools, incloding @ large set of object-oriented, extensible, system-level classes. The NET framework brings the power of the operating systems much closer to the developer through a rich set of classes aod services that are more casily accessible than any previous Windows based set of API's. Developers will be able to spend less time on getting to the functionality they need, and more time building software. simplify Application Deployment Application deployment are subject to the familiar headaches of “DLL Hell” that arise when component registration get corrupted or type library versions get mixed up. XML Everywhere ‘The -NET framework introduces XML into every aspect of software: development on this new platform. XML is the common communication technology in NET, it is used as the basis for a number of XML based grammars that describe information in the NET framework. A gmammar refers to 2 collection of fixed XML tags that combines to describe a specific object or entity. So XML provides a unified system for sharing data within the NET framework and between components built using NET. the prominent role of XML makes web services possible and also makes it easier to share data across disconnected component. Universal Data Access In case of universal data access means that ability to access data anytime from anywhere of what device u have at hand. Business uscrs care first and foremost about their data. ns are simply useful containers for displaying data, With NET traditional application can be n as web services that deliver data as XML over HTTP, using the open standard called Simple ccess Protocol (SOAP). This is very flexible way to exchange data because XML does not it is displayed. XML's only role is to provide an efficient way of organizing the data, Web es deliver the data and leave it up to the consumer to interpret it. es: Collaboration over the Internet tion Development ’s NET initiative provides the tools and technology for Creating and implementing “services. The concept of “software as a service” states that software should be highly ‘accessible and support collaboration. The web services are a natural step towards distributed power of the Internet, .NET has been designed to ensure that all types of | participate in collaborative applications. In this context an application is no longer a | set of components; instead it is made up af loosely coupled, distributed web services using XML and HTTP. According to the NET vision every Internet-enabled device orm for hosting web services. Developer can code web services in any lang. thatAdvanc nsumer that can work with XML on any they choose and their components may interact with any co " le to respond to any device operating system, And by their distributed nature, web services are eval) that is hooked in to the Internet. The building blocks of NET ineludes the full suite of support product wverything from Visual Studio.NET (the development environment) to windows 2000 and windows XP (the operating system that host NET solutions which will move on to Windows.NET in the future.) ‘The building blocks of NET are: 1, The NET framework 2. NET Enterprise servers 3. NET Building block services 4, Visual Studio. NET 4. The .NET Framework The important concepts behind the .NET framework are: 5 Built on common set of Framework classes. > Provides a Common Type System that is the cornerstone forall NET compliant languages. 5 Provides a Common language runtime that provides. > Provide extended class libraries for ASP.NET, ADO.NET, XML.NET and windows forms. Visual Studio.NET is an integrated development environment for the NET framework. 2. NET Enterprise Servers “Examples of NET Enterprise Servers include: a lows ‘Advanced server—operating system that provides a platform for .NET . 0 ‘well as custom NET applications, once the NET framework is installed. sced server is Microsoft’s recommended platform for developing of a unified programming model runtime services. for components. and communication services, including e-mail, n with legacy host systems.—————&—————————— 3, NET Building Block Services ‘the NET building block services witl include: ? © Authentication—builds on Microsoft's Passport and Windows authentication technologies. Enables developers to authenticate a user behind-the-scenes and give them access to private content without bothering them to log in manually every time they access 2 new ee This authentication service will be available in the future operating system, code-nat Black comb, 4 Notification and Messaging—provides integrated messaging capabilities for any including instant messaging and email. : <2 Directory and Search—directory search services for locating people and finding information. © Calendar—much more than applet-like pop-up calendar. This service provides time management and scheduling services for ur application. 2 XML Store—provides an addressable lacation on the Internet for storing data. The data stored as XML and is delivered using SOAP. XML data stores provide u with a single data store that can be accessed by all of ur devices. device ‘The key features of Visual studio .net are: Pull integration with .net framework Integrated development environment Mixed language development, including cross lang. debugging RAD features for appin development Visual designers for XML, HMTL and data Expanded debugging across projects, including stored procedures. tees oe { Supports contmon language model that manages code for multiple languages the .Net ‘must confirm to rules that are defined by CLS and CTS. CTS is important because it defines type system which reduces discrepancy in data types between languages. Net code is compiled in a two step process whereby the code is first converted into a ‘generalized instruction set called MSIL complier works with the IL instruction set to convert the cade into native code that is by the CLR. et code is compiled into assemblies, which are similar to dynamic link libraries except they and are self describing. Hence in a single project user can some of the class files in C# t net the CLS defines rules that range from naming conventions for interface members overning method overloading. CTS provides interoperation between languages. n fact a subset of the CTS. In order to provide: interoperation, a CLS- e must obey the following convention:Public identifiers are case sensitive Langs must be able to resolve identifiers that are equivalent to their keywords. Stricter overloading rules: a given method name may refer to any number of methods as long each one differs in the numbers of parameters or argument types. Properties and events must follow strict naming mules. +All pointers must be managed and references must be type verified. 2. Common Language Runtime: CLR provides runtime execution environment for .NET applications. Code that runs under CLR is called managed code, because the CLR defines the rules that the code’s development language must confirm to CLR. works with two frame work services to define the rules: CTS: Common Type System—defines standard reference and value type that are _ supported in the NET framework. §& CLS; Common Language specification—delines rules that a development language ‘must comply with, in order to be managed by NET framework. {san advanced runtime engine that provides, the highest level of type safety, code ‘and exception handling managed code is more stable in a large part because it ‘a siriet set of rules that the CLR understands and can interpret at a high Jevel, CLR also work with wrappers for unmanaged com components. r System: The common type system defines how types are declared, the runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime’s support for ‘The common type system performs the following functions: est enables cross-language integration, type safety, and high a d otherwise they cannot be is the complete implementation of many helps ensure that objects written in CLS: Common Language specifi comply with, in order to be managed 6 verification and exception handling managed code is ‘a strict set of rules that the CLR understands ahd ean nte work with wrappers for unmanaged com components,i Briefly the CLR provi owing features: j, Te manages running eode by ° verifying type safety, providing memory management garbage collection, and exception han dling. 2, Itprovides a common type system that promotes type safety and therefore more stable coo 3, Itprovides access to system resources, including the wingows API and COM InterCp services. 4, It provides cross langua, across languages. .NET bas an extensive library, offering literally thousands of reusable types. Organized into namespaces, the FCL contains code supporting all the NET technologies, such as Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, ASP.NET, ADO.NET, Windows Workflow, and ‘Windows Communication Foundation. In addition, the FCL has numerous cross-language | technologies, including fle VO, networking, text management, and diagnostics. As mentioned earlier, the FCL has CLR support in the areas of built-in types, exception handling, security, and threading, Table below shows some common FCL libraries, The .Net Framework class lib architeoture: The .Net Framework c! interfaces, and value types that ex | functionality. ¢ support, including unifies exception handling and debugging rary (FCL) provides the core functionality of .Net Framework lass library (FCL) includes a huge collection of reusable classes, edite and optimize the development process and provide access to e Net Framework class library (FCL) organized in a hierarchical tree structure and it is d into Namespaces. ¥5.a logical grouping of types for the purpose of identification. Framework class (ECL) provides the consistent base types that are used acrass all NET enabled languages. The ‘are accessed by namespaces, which reside within Assemblics System Namespace is the root for types in the NET Framework. The .Net Framework class CL) classes are managed classes that provide access to System Services. nework cliss library (FCL) classes are object oriented and easy to use in program nis. Moreover, third-party components can integrate with the classes in the NET Framework. are Some important namespaces that are defined in the NET Framework class This namespace includes all common datatypes, string values, arrays, methods for data conversion, and methods related to mathematical operations. These namespaces are used to access a database, perform commands on a database, and retrieve and manipulate a0 ey ea fa. in all ( Seen) ‘These namespaces are used to access, read, and write files, and System.DirectoryServices, retrieve file paths. System.10. IsolatedStorage ution of an This namespace is used to debug and trace the exec eae application. penned “These namespaces are used to communicate over the Inteet System.Net.Sockets when creating peer-to-peer applications. create Windows-based System.Windows.Forms, ‘System.Windows.Forms.Design ‘System.Web, ‘System, WebCaching, System.Web.UI, ‘System. Web.ULDesign, System.Web.UI WebControls, System.Web.UI HtmiControls, System.Web Configuration, These namespaces: areused 10 a applications using Windows user int iterface components. These namespaces are used to create ASP.NET Web applications that execute over the Internet. ‘These namespaces are used to create XML Web services and components that can be published over the Internet. ‘These namespaces are used for authentication, authorization, and encryption, es are used to create and access XML files.aerep ‘What is NET Framework? What is inthe .NET Framework? Draw and Explain NET framework architecture Deseribe the roles CLR in NET ‘framework, Explain different NET Languages Explain framework base class library. Explain different types of NET application, Explain the benefits of NET Framework, oOo