2 5-12 TRIPLE INTEGRALS

Definition. Let u =f,y,z) be a single valued

function of the independent variables x,y, z defined
throughout a given
region V
Let us divide the region
V in to n subregions
dV, oV2. Let
be any
P Yr 2)
point inside or on the boundary of the subregion
Then form the sum
dV, we

Now let > such that

2 f,, y,, z, SV,. n o

ra
reduces to a point and if|

Lim f , , y,, z,)exists and is independent of |

n ra
the way in which V is divided into n sub-regions,|
then this limit is called the triple integral (or volume
integral) offt,y, 2) over

the region V and is denoted by

SSSfyz) dV.
V

The tripleintegralcan be usedinevaluatinganumber

of physical quantities like volume V etc.

Volume =S SS dv, Putting fr,y,2) =1

V

Also mass =SSS pdV, Putting f*, y,z) =p.

V
Evaluation of triple integrals
Let us divide the whole region V into elementary
cuboids by drawing planes. The volume V can be
taken as the sum of a number of columns parallel
to z-axis extended from the lower base of V
say z=2 ,y)) to the upper base of V
sayz=z, *,y)}.The bases of these as column
(only one column has been shown in the adjoining
figure) are the
elementary areas
dS, and cower a cer
tain area S in the ay
plane li.c., plane 2-(x.y.
=0
Then summing over
the clementary
cuboids in the same
column tirst and the z-2,(%,Y.
taking the sum of all
such columns, wC
can write

2 1 , y , , ) as

where , yr 2,) is a point in them"cuboid above

OS When dS, and dz tend to zero, this becomes

cqual to S Ss f , y, 2) &tds .1)

Here we integrate first with respect to z keeping r

and y constants and then the remaining integration
is done as in the case of double integrals. If the arca
S is bounded by the curves
y =y, y =y2«), x =a, x =b then (1) gives
b

fr,y, 2) dr dy dz .(2)
In (2),the integrations are performed with respoct to
z,y and x respecüvely. It is to be noted that the area
S is nothing but the projection of the volume V on
the xy-plane.
26-13 LLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES ON
TRIPLE INTEGRALS
Ex. 73. Evaluate
Cb a

x
+y y2 +)d* dy de
Sol. Let the given integral be
cb
7, then we have
a

x y-
+y + dy d,
b intcgrating w.r. to z)
= I a +y'a+)
cb

-2a S +y+d d
xy=b
c

(integrating w.r. to y)
C

=2asx {b o+ab)
C

=4ab

11 1

Ex. 74. Evaluate S S xd r dy.

y- x
11 1
Sol. S S S x dz de dy.
1 1 1
1

(2)x dr dy =S Sx(1-)dr dy
yx
1 1 1

yx y
1

- 4af-zaH{*-ZWPna
y
 2.171

Ex. 75. Evaluate

log 2 xxHog
Setyt dz dy de
x y-9

Sol. The given integral

log2 x xHogy

x
log 2 x

00
lg2
=S S e"[e*EY-) dy d
y-

=SSe [ye -1] dy d,

x9 y4
=y)
log2 x log2 x

=sS yea dy de -SS cdy de

y-
lag2 'x

x 2
X

0 x
log 2 log 2

= ee*-" +1)dr -Í -e)dr

0
log 2

=/ (xe-e+e-+e)d«,
log 2 log 2

= f -1)e" de + J
0 0
 log 2
log2 log 2

0 0
log 2
og 243og2-(0 -1 *).
+2
19
18 log 2-7-8-1) +1 -log 2
4 2 V(4)
Ex. 76. Evaluate SSS dyde dz
2 x y
Sol. The given integral
4 22

S 0) de d
x 0
4 2v2

zx=0
4

- z-LVa)+24*sina
integrating w.r. tox
4

2 Vav4z -4:)+4 sin )]d

0
4

=S z dz =8T.
0
a ax a x y

Ex.77. Evaluate S S r de dy de
x 0 y z0

a aX

Sol. Letl=f fr2) dy dr,

x =0 y
(integrating w.r. to z)
a ax

=f S (a x -y)dy dr

x=0y
Ssar" -x -yx)dy dr
x=0 y 0
a

intograting i
 E N G I N E E R I N G M A T H E M A T I C s - I

lar (a-x)-ra - t ) - a - ]d*

x 0

- s(ar2-2ar3) d

1 1
dz dy dx
Ex. 78. Evalhuatex y z = 0 SS
+y +z +1)°
Sol. The given integral
1 1* 1
= dydx
+y +z +1) |
xy9
(integrating w.r. to z)
1 1
2
dy de
4 y +y +1)T
11

dx,
xy y-9
integrating w.r. to y)

Ex. 79. Evaluate the

integral I[xyzdz dy ar
over the volume enclosed by three co-ordinate planes
and
the plane x +y +z =1.
Sol. The given
plane
x +y +z =1 meetsthe cIo.0,1)
coordinate axes at
A(1,0,0), B(0, 1,0)
and C (0, 0, 1). S/ B/0,1,0)
Y
Here the column
parallel to z-axis is
bounded by the x -y
plane and
INIBGRALCALCULUS
z =1 -x -y plane.
Also the region S above which the volume V stands
is the triangle OAB bounded by the lincs y=0,
x=0 and plane x +y =1 (on y -planc).
Thus the given integral
1 1* 1* y
SS S xyzk dy dr
x y 0x z=0

=SSy 12) dy dr
x 0 y 0
1 1x

11
S Sy (1 +r +y-2x -2y
x=0y 0

+2xy) dy d*|

x
+*a-**
--a-?zra-*|

2 S +8-30 +32-11r) dr,

21600
Ex. 80. Evatuate gsg +y? +)asdy de where
v
Vis the volune of the cube bounded by the coordinate
planes and the planes x =y =z =4.
Sol. Here the
column paral- Z#a
lel to z-axis is
bounded. by
the planes
z =0 and
Za and the
region S on S
the above Z=0
 2.173

volume V stands is the region on xy-plancboundcd

by the lines x =0,x =4, y =0, y =a.
Then the given intcgral
a a a

SSS +y +zz dy dt
x#0 y 0 z #0
a a

x 0 y =0
integrating with respect to z
a a

x=0y

= ea++)a
-B +-
Ex. 81. By triple integration detemine the volume
'a'
of a hemisphere af radius
Sol. Consider the positive octant of hemisphere and
take an elementryvolume dr dy dz.Thentherequired
volume of the hemisphere is given by
a

S d ay dr
V y0 z
x
For details refer Ex. 82]

) a .
() dy dr
=4 S
x 0 y0

a vd2

45 y

-4V--A
=0

dx

yo
 X

Ex.82. Evaluate Jff zy de dyde, where V is the

V
region bounded between the xy -plane andthe sphere
* +y +z' =1. |

Sol. The column parallel to z-axis is bounded by the

plane z =0 and the surface of the sphcre
+y+2 =1»z=V(1 --y
y/1-x)
z1-x-y) s dxdy

y(1-x)
dxdy

which the volume V stands

Now, the region S above intersection
is the of circle of
area
of the sphere
=u.
+z' =1 by the xy-planei.e. the plane z
r+y
Hence the region S is the
circle x* +y =1.
From the following figure,
the limits for integration
and for x are
for y are from -v(1 *) V(1 -*)
to
from -1 to +1.
Thus the given integral
Thus the1 B
*T)
S y&dy dr
x y=1 z0

de dy
S
x
y =1 )
1 v1
(1-*9) dr dy
S
xy i

x1y =1*)
1

X
 ENGINEERINGMATHE

25/2(1-S]dt,
1 1

(1 d 15
(1252d,
1S
x1 0

using the property of definite integrals]

2

5 (1-sinocosp dg,
0
putting x =siný, dr =cosp dp
J 2

15
0
do15 24
83 Fuakata