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    Module 4

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    sneha chauhan
    This document contains lecture slides from Dr. Rashmi Thakur on database management systems and structured query language. It covers topics such as referential integrity, foreign keys, subqueries, set operations, views, joins, privileges and authorization. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to create tables with foreign keys, write subqueries using operators like IN, EXISTS and comparison keywords, build views from single and multiple tables, and grant privileges to users in SQL.

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    Module 4

    Uploaded by

    sneha chauhan
    33 views37 pages
    This document contains lecture slides from Dr. Rashmi Thakur on database management systems and structured query language. It covers topics such as referential integrity, foreign keys, subqueries, set operations, views, joins, privileges and authorization. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to create tables with foreign keys, write subqueries using operators like IN, EXISTS and comparison keywords, build views from single and multiple tables, and grant privileges to users in SQL.

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    This document contains lecture slides from Dr. Rashmi Thakur on database management systems and structured query language. It covers topics such as referential integrity, foreign keys, subqueries, set operations, views, joins, privileges and authorization. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to create tables with foreign keys, write subqueries using operators like IN, EXISTS and comparison keywords, build views from single and multiple tables, and grant privileges to users in SQL.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views37 pages

    Module 4

    Uploaded by

    sneha chauhan
    This document contains lecture slides from Dr. Rashmi Thakur on database management systems and structured query language. It covers topics such as referential integrity, foreign keys, subqueries, set operations, views, joins, privileges and authorization. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to create tables with foreign keys, write subqueries using operators like IN, EXISTS and comparison keywords, build views from single and multiple tables, and grant privileges to users in SQL.

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    DATABASE MANAGEMENT

    SYSTEM
    Dr. Rashmi K. Thakur
    Structured Query
    Language
    Referential Integrity

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Foreign Key Concept in Database

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    How SQL Handles Referential Integrity

    • CREATE TABLE Student ( Stud_id INT PRIMARY KEY, name


    VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, branch VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, city
    varchar(255) )

    • CREATE TABLE marks ( stud_id INT,subject VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,


    marks int, FOREIGN KEY (Stud_id) REFERENCES Student (Stud_id) )

    CREATE TABLE marks ( stud_id INT,subject VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,


    marks int, FOREIGN KEY (Stud_id) REFERENCES Student (Stud_id) ON
    DELETE CASCADE On Update Cascade )

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Sub Queries
    Concept of Sub Query

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Set Membership - IN Keyword

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Another Example of IN Keyword

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Another Example of IN Keyword

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Another Example of NOT IN Keyword

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Set Comparison in Sub Queries – Some
    Keyword

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Set Comparison in Sub Queries – All
    Keyword
    Set Comparison Example

    Branch ( branch_name,city,assests)

    1) Find the names of all branches that have assets greater than those of
    atleast one branch located in Mumbai

    2) Find the names of all branches that have assets greater than each branch
    located in Mumbai

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Exists Keyword in Sub Queries

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Not Exists Keyword in Sub Query

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Joins in SQL
    Inner and Outer Joins(Left and Right)

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Natural Join

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Cross Join (Cartesian Product)

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Assertion

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Trigger

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Database Security and Authorization

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Privileges in SQL

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Types of Authorization

    • Read authorization – allows reading, but not modification of data.


    • Insert authorization – allows insertion of new data, but not
    modification of existing data.
    • Update authorization – allows modification, but not deletion of data.
    • Delete authorization – allows deletion of data.

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Granting and Revoking of Authorization in
    SQL-Authorization Graph
    If DBA revokes grant from U1:
    –Grant must be revoked from U4 since U1 no
    longer has authorization
    – Grant must not be revoked from U5 since U5
    has another authorization path from DBA
    through U2

    E.g:- grant select on branch to U1, U2, U3


    grant select on branch to U1 with grant
    option

    revoke select on branch from U1, U2, U3


    cascade

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Views
    Views in SQL
    Foreign Key
    Primary Key Marks Table
    Student Table

    Creating View from Multiple Table


    Creating View from Single Table

    CREATE VIEW MarksView AS


    SELECT StudentDetails.NAME, StudentDetails.ADDRESS,
    CREATE VIEW DetailsView AS SELECT NAME,
    StudentMarks.MARKS
    ADDRESS FROM StudentDetails WHERE S_ID < 5
    FROM StudentDetails, StudentMarks
    WHERE StudentDetails.NAME = StudentMarks.NAME

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Fundamental Relational Algebra Operations

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Fundamental Relational Algebra Operations

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Fundamental Relational Algebra Operations

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Fundamental Relational Algebra Operations

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Fundamental Relational Algebra Operations

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Fundamental Relational Algebra Operations

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET


    Practice Queries
    Take Away of Todays Session

    Referential Sub Queries Views Practice


    Integrity Queries

     On Delete  Set  Views from


    Cascade Membership Single Table

     On Update  Set  Views from


    Cascade Comparision Multiple
    Table

    Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

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