GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

INTRODUCTION consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other

copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written
Global Economics and Management Review accepts original permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the
Research Papers, written in American English. article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases:
please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Submission. Retained author rights. As an author you (or your employer or
Please submit your article via http://ees.elsevier.com/gemrev. institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to:
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The Role of the funding source. You are requested to identify who
system automatically converts source files to a single PDF file of the provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or
article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the
even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and
submission for the review process, these source files are needed for interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the
further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding
notification of the Editor’s decision and requests for revision, takes source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.
place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail. Please see http://www.elsevier.com/funding.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN PREPARATION

Ethics in publishing. Go to the SIMPLIFIED VERSION

For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for Use of word processing software. It is important that the file be
journal publication see http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text
and http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines. should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as
Conflict of interest. All authors are requested to disclose any actual simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and
or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the
other relationships with other people or organizations within three word processor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc.
influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. Examples of When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one
potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid
stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text
applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. See also should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest . manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
Submission declaration. Submission of an article implies that the work http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Note that source files
described has not been published previously (except in the form of an of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not
abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis or as an you embed your figures in the text. To avoid unnecessary errors you
electronic preprint, see http://www.elsevier.com/postingpolicy, that are strongly advised to use the ‹spell-check› and ‹grammar-check›
it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its functions of your word processor.
publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the A paper should have a typical dimension of 5,000 to 7,500 words.
responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if
accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in Article structure  
the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written Subdivision. Divide your article into clearly defined sections. Each
consent of the copyright-holder. subsection is given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on
Copyright. While submitting an article, authors will be asked to its own separate line. Subsections should be used as much as
Transfer Intellectual Property Rights and Exploitation Rights. possible when cross-referencing text: refer to the subsection by
Acceptance of the conditions will ensure the widest possible heading as opposed to simply ‘the text’.
dissemination of information. Subscribers may reproduce tables of Introduction. State the objectives of the work and provide an
contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a
circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is summary of the results.
required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all Material and methods. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work
other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated
by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be
Results. Results should be clear and concise. presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted
Discussion This should explore the significance of the results of the by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed
work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them
published literature. consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic
Conclusions. The main conclusions of the study may be presented in numbers. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and
a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the
subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section. position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes
Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include
identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should footnotes in the Reference list.
be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript
subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and lowercase letter.
figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Electronic artwork
Essential title page information General points
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information- • Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original
retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible artwork.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be • Save text in illustrations as ‘graphics’ or enclose the font.
ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier,
Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work Times, Symbol.
was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower- • Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in • Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of • Provide captions to illustrations separately.
each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the • Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
e-mail address of each author • Submit each figure as a separate file.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence Formats. Regardless of the application used, when your electronic
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication artwork is finalized, please ‘save as’ or convert the images to
Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author. one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements
for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is required (100 to 200 given below):
words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the • EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as
research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is ‘graphics’.
often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to • TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a
stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if minimum of 300 dpi.
essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or • TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they • TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale):
must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 5 If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application
keywords, using British spelling and avoiding general and plural terms (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply ‘as is’.
and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ‘and’, ‘of’). Be sparing Please do not
with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field • Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP,
may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes. PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low
Classification codes. Please provide up to 3 standard JEL codes. • Supply files that are too low in resolution;
The available codes may be accessed at • Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the
JEL: http://www.aeaweb.org/jel/jel_class_system.php content.
Abbreviations. Define abbreviations that are not standard in this Figure captions. Ensure that each illustration has a caption.
field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption
abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined should comprise a brief title not on the figure itself) and a
at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations
consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations
Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate used.
section at the end of the article before the references and do not, Text graphics. Text graphics may be embedded in the text at the
therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title appropriate position. Further, high-resolution graphics files must be
or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during provided separately whether or not the graphics are embedded.
the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or See further under Electronic artwork.
proof reading the article, etc.). Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their
Units. Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table
the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid
please give their equivalent in SI. vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the
Math formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text data presented in tables do not duplicate results described
where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for elsewhere in the article.
References All necessary files have been uploaded, and contain
Citation in text. Please ensure that every reference cited in the • Keywords
text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any • All figure captions
references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished • All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
results and personal communications are not recommended in Further considerations
the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these • Manuscript has been ‘spell-checked’ and ‘grammar-checked’;
references are included in the reference list they should follow References are in the correct format for this journal
the standard reference style of the journal and should include a • All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the
substitution of the publication date with either ‘Unpublished text, and vice versa
results’ or ‘Personal communication’. Citation of a reference as • Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from
‘in press’ implies that the item has been accepted for other sources (including the Web)
publication. • Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color
Web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white
and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further in print. If only color on the Web is required, black-and-white
information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
a sou rc e p u b li c a t i o n , e t c . ) , s h o u l d a l s o b e g i v e n . We b
references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference AFTER ACCEPTANCE
list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in
the reference list. Use of the Digital Object Identifier. The Digital Object Identifier
(DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI
Reference style consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is
Articles should follow the referencing style used by the American assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic
Psychological Association (last available edition). publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an
ideal medium for citing a document, particularly ‘Articles in press’
Submission checklist. The following list will be useful during the because they have not yet received their full bibliographic
final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal for information. When you use a DOI to create links to documents on
review. the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change.
Ensure that the following items are present: One author has been Proofs. One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the
designated as the corresponding author with contact details: corresponding author. Please use this proof only for checking the
• E-mail address typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables
• Full postal address and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication
• Telephone and fax numbers will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor.
 SIMPLIFIED GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

Please submit your article via http://ees.elsevier.com/gemrev. Be- — Use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts, etc.
low you can find a list of main formatting details that will help you — Use Times New Roman 12-point type, double spaced through-
preparing the manuscript for submission. However, this does not sub- out
stitute the complete version of “Guide for Authors” (http://www.el- — Have uniform margins of 2.54 cm on all sides
sevier.es/sites/default/files/elsevier/NormOrga/365normas.pdf).
Tables, figures, appendices
When formatting the manuscript for submission to GEMRev, please — When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only
consider the following tips: one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row (If
no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns)
— Source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be re-
FORMATING OF MANUSCRIPT quired whether or not you embed your figures in the text
— Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appear-
Front page ance in the text
— Title should be concise and informative — Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase
— Indicate author(s) names and affiliations letter
B. X. SCHOLAR SURNAME a — Ensure that each illustration has a caption; captions should be
C. Y. SCHOLAR SURNAME b supplied separately, not attached to the figure
a Affiliation — If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified
Full postal address as A, B (main headings): e.g. APPENDIX A
Country name • Formulae and equations in appendices should be given
e-mail: …. separate numbering:
(Corresponding author) Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.;
b Affiliation in a subsequent appendix,
Full postal address Eq. (B.1) and so on
Country name • Tables and figures in appendices should follow the same
e-mail: …. rational:

— Abstract (100 to 200 words) Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

— Maximum of 5 keywords placed immediately after the abstract
— Up to 3 standard JEL codes (JEL: http://www.aeaweb.org/jel/ TABLE 1
jel_class_system.php) Best cooperation practices (past)

Headings and sections

— Divide your article into clearly defined sections; Each subsec-
tion is given a brief heading

METHODS [1st level – Main headings; all capital letters; flush left]
Data Collection [2nd level – Second-level headings; title-style letters;
flush left]
Coding. [3rd level – Third-level heading; first letter capitalized;
indented (left 1.25 cm); italicized; run into paragraph]

Format
— Use a word processing software (save in the native format of
the word processor used)
— The text should be in single-column format
— Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible (do not use
the word processor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words)
FIGURE 2
Advantages of participating and cooperating on the Network

Electronic artwork — Variables are to be presented in italics.

— Use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork — Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
— Save text in illustrations as ‘graphics’ or enclose the font — Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed
— Only use the following font in your illustrations: Times New Roman separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
— Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text
— Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files References
— Provide captions to illustrations separately — Every reference cited in the text is also present in the refer-
— Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version ence list (and vice versa).
— Submit each figure as a separate file — Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full.
— Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork — Unpublished results and personal communications are not
is finalized, please ‘save as’ or convert the images to one of the recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the
following formats (note the resolution requirements for line draw- text.
ings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below): — For web references the full URL should be given and the date
• EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as when the reference was last accessed; plus, if known provide DOI,
‘graphics’. author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.
• TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always — Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the refer-
use a minimum of 300 dpi. ence list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included
• TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. in the reference list.
• TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or
grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. — Articles should follow the referencing style used by the American
— If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office appli- Psychological Association (last available edition). Some examples:
cation (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply ‘as is’
— Please do not • Journal article
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, Rush, K. L., Waldrop, S., Mitchell, C., & Dyches, C. (2005). The RN-
BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low BSN distance education experience: From educational limbo to more
• Supply files that are too low in resolution; than an elusive degree. Journal of Professional Nursing, 21, 283-292.
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2005 .07.007
content. First and subsequent citation to less than three authors: (Rutherford,
2006, p. 56)
Math formulae First citation for three to five authors: (Rush, Waldrop, Mitchell, & Dy-
— Use the international system of units (SI) (if other units are ches, 2005)
mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI) Subsequent citation to a different passage from the same source:
— Present simple math formulae in the line of normal text where (Rush et al., 2005, p. 291)
possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for First and subsequent citation to more than five authors: (Robinson
small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. et al., 2009)
 • Book
Mitchell, J. J. (2001). The mental and emotional life of
teenagers. Calgary, AB: Detselig Enterprises.
Citation in text: (Mitchell, 2001)

• Edited book
Hare, R. D., & Schalling, D. (Eds.). (1978). Psycho-
pathic behaviour: Approaches to research. Chichester,
NY: Wiley.
Citation in text: (Hare & Schalling, 1978)

• Chapter in edited book

Porter, S., Woodworth, M., & Doucette, N. (2007). Mem-
ory for murder: The qualities and credibility of homicide
narratives by perpetrators. In S. Christianson (Ed.), Of-
fenders’ memories of violent crimes (pp. 115-134). New
York, NY: Wiley.
Citation in text: (Porter, Woodworth, & Doucette, 2007)

General issues
— Use the ‹spell-check› and ‹grammar-check› func-
tions of your word processor
— A paper should have a typical dimension of 5,000 to
7,500 words
— Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at
the end of the article before the references and do
not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a
footnote to the title or otherwise.
— Footnotes should be used sparingly

Submission checklist
— Corresponding author - required contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers
— Files contain:
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
— Further considerations
• Manuscript has been ‘spell-checked’ and ‘grammar-
checked’;
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are
cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)

Tip for the upload of multiple files in the submission

process:
In order to submit the files, the author can either
choose the “Classical Upload Tool” and upload each
separate file, one by one. Alternatively, the author can
choose the “Enhanced Upload Tool”, browse the files
and upload several documents at the same time (see
figures below).