DISCIPLINE AND

IDEAS IN SOCIAL
SCIENCES
BRAIN EXERCISE
•Arrange the jumbled
letters by using the clues
provided below.
TALRUNA CESNICE
It is a branch of science which
deals with the physical world
NATURAL
SCIENCE
 TI SEIMAHUN
It is an academic discipline
that studies aspects of
human society andculture
HUMANITIES
ALISOC ENSICCE
is the branch of science devoted to the
study of human societies and the
relationships among individuals within
those societies
SOCIAL SCIENCE
 SOLOCHYPYG
It is a discipline of social sciences
that studies brain activities and
human behavior.
PSYCHOLOGY
GYEPHARGO
It is a discipline of social sciences that
studies Earth’s places and the
relationships between people and their
environment
GEOGRAPHY
 LOCISOGOY
It is a discipline of social
sciences that studies
development, structure and
functioning of human society
SOCIOLOGY
 POLOYANGROTH
It is a discipline of social sciences
that studies humanity, with the goal
of understanding our evolutionary
origins and cultural heritages.
ANTHROPOLOGY
 THRISOY
Study of past event
HISTORY
 O M O S C E N IC
It is a discipline of social sciences
that studies production,
consumption, and distribution of
goods and services
ECONOMICS
TIPOILLAC ENSICCE
It is a discipline of social
sciences that studies different
government systems and
analysis of political activity and
behavior
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
ARISTOTLE
1.Social sciences
2.Natural sciences
3. Humanities

HUMAN
KNOWLEDGE
SOCIAL SCIENCES

• A branch of science devoted to the study of

societies and the relationships among individuals
within those societies
SOCIAL SCIENCES

POLITICAL CONFLICT
SOCIAL SCIENCES
COMMUNITY PROBLEMS

EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM
NATURAL SCIENCES

•A major branch of science that

deals with the description,
prediction and understanding of
natural phenomena, basically based
on observational and empirical
evidence
2 Main Branches of NATURAL SCIENCES

1. Life Science/Biological Science

-It studies life in all its forms, past
and present. This includes plants,
animals, viruses and bacteria, single-
celled organisms, and even cells.
2 Main Branches of NATURAL SCIENCES

2. Physical Science
-This is the systematic study of the
inorganic world, as distinct from
the study of the organic world,
which is the province of biological
science.
Humanities
•refers to the study of
the ways in which the
human experience is
processed and
documented.
Social Sciences and Natural Sciences things in
common
• both sciences employ the scientific model in order to
gain information.
• both sciences use empirical and measured data
evidence that can be seen and discerned by the
senses.
• both sciences’ theories can be tested to yield
theoretical statements and general positions.
Differences of Social Sciences and Natural Sciences
Social Science Natural Science
Arose 300 years later Started during the 16th and 17th
century.
Deals with subject (human being) Deals with object.
It is spontaneous, unpredictable and Characterized by exactness,
uncontrollable, as it deals with controlled variables, and
human emotions and behavior. predictability.
Experiential Data Experimental Data
Typically involves alternative The typical method of science is
methods of observation and doing repetitive and conventional
interaction with people within laboratory experiments
community.
Open system Closed System
Social Science and Humanities
Things in Common
•Both the humanities and social science are
concerned with human aspects like, law,
politics, linguistics, economics, and
psychology as well as human lives and
nature
Differences of Social Sciences and Humanities

Social Science Humanities

Influenced by and developed after Emerged in the 15th century.
the French revolution and the
Industrial revolution.
Involves application of an Deemed to be more philosophical
empirical,rational, and objective and concerned with heritage and
methodology (such as the use of the question of what makes us
validity and reliability test) to human. It comprises the
present facts. application of an interpretative
methodology.
Functions of Social Sciences and Humanities

Social Science
• To analyze, explain, and possibly predict and produce new
knowledge of factual information

Humanities
• To better appreciate the meaning and purpose of the human
experience
In Column A, there are set of words which sounds
like the CORRECT WORD it represents when
pronounced. Try to guess the correct word/s and
write your answer in Column B. Then give a brief
description of the words in Column C.

•Soup Pair Main

•Superman
•Superhero Movie
EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL
SCIENCE DISCIPLINES
Social Science Disciplines
Anthropology
• “anthopos” (human), “logos” (study of)
• social science that deals with the study of
humankind in all aspects: culture and
development. It is the study of relationship
between biological traits and socially acquired
characteristics.
How did it emerged?
• during the period of new imperialism of
nineteenth century
• Herodotus (Athens-West Asia-Egypt)
• Charles Darwin- only one gene-African apes
• Edward Taylor- stone age-iron age-bronze age
• Franz Boas- we need to learn their culture,
history, language to understand humankind
• Henry Otley Beyer- migration theory (cave men,
negritos,Indonesians, Malays
Anthropologist are trained in different areas:
• Socio-Cultural • Physical
Anthropology Anthropology
-explains how people in - concerned with the
other societies live and origin, evolution,
affects their environments and diversity of
to their respective lives. people
Anthropologist are trained in different areas:

• Linguistic Anthropology • Archeology

- the study of past
humans and
-deals with language cultures through
material remains
Social Science Disciplines
Economics
• “oikos” (home), “nomos” (management)
• is the study of how individuals and societies
make decisions about ways to use scarce
resources to fulfill wants and needs. It seeks to
understand people’s activities concerning
production, distribution and consumption of
goods and services.
How did it emerged?

•During the age of Enlightenment

•Adam Smith- wealth is created through productive
labor, and that self-interest motivates people to put their
resources to the best use
•Macroeconomics focuses on the performance
of economies – changes in economic output,
inflation, interest and foreign exchange rates, and
the balance of payments.

•Microeconomics is the study of how

individuals and companies make choices
regarding the allocation and utilization of
resources
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
List down 10 things which you can’t live
without. Put a check (/) mark to classify what
among the listed things falls under needs and
wants.
Social Science Disciplines
GEOGRAPHY
•“geo” (Earth),“graphein”(description)
•the study of places and the relationships
between people and their environments
 Emergence of Geography
• was first systematically studied by the ancient Greeks
• 500 BCE ~ Oldest Known Map of the World -Imago Mundi
• 240 BCE ~ Calculation of the circumference of the Earth by
Eratosthenes
• 200 – 300 BCE – Compass Invented
• Circa 194 BCE – Eratosthenes Geography
• 150 CE ~ Ptolemy’s Geographia, Ptolemy described and
organized all information about the world’s geography
MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical geography
- Studies the natural feature of the earth,
including climate, vegetation, land water and
atmosphere
MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
Human geography
- geography dealing with how human activity
affects or is influenced by the earth's
surface.
Social Science Disciplines

HISTORY
•“histoire” (recorded and documented
events)
•The study of past events
 2 SOURCES OF HISTORY

•PRIMARY SOURCE- First hand

•SECONDARY SOURCE – Second hand
 How history emerged?
•the discipline of historiography was first
established in the 5th century BC with the
Histories of Herodotus, the founder of
historiography
 Subfields of History

•Political history- history of political institutions

•Economic History -studies the development of
economic institutions and other economic
factors
•Social History -studies the history of ordinary
lives of people like women, children, ethnic
groups and the different sectors from historical
point of view
 Subfields of History

• Environmental history- looks in the history of

interaction of human to its environment
• Medicine and public health History-studies the
history of public health and human medicine
• Business History -history of the development of
businesses, companies and industries
• Biographies – studies the history of great persons
SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINE
•LINGUISTICS
-“Lingua” means Language
- is the scientific study of language. It
deals with the study of every aspect
of language.
How did it emerged?

Sophists- classical Greek who are

young, wealthy and educated
people
Subfields of Linguistics
•Phonetics-Study of speech sound
•Phonology- study of speech sound patterns
•Morphology-study of how words are categorized
or formed
•Syntax-Study of how words are combined to
form a sentence
•Semantics- study of meaning-making
•Pragmatics- study of language context
SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINE
POLITICAL SCIENCE
-”POLITEA” , a person who
participates in the polis
-study of social arrangement to
maintain peace and order w/in the
society
VARIABLES IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
•GOVERNMENT- bureaucracy that provides
the system of rule over its territory and its
people
•POLITICS- process of using power in the
government
•POWER- means for the government to rule
the people
How did it emerge?

•Aristotle- he wrote the book

entitled, “Politics”
Subfields
• Domestic politics-studies public opinion, elections, national and
local governments
• Comparative politics-studies politics within countries and
analyzes the similarities and differences between among
countries
• International relations focuses on the study of political
relationship and interaction between and among the countries
• Public administration studies national and local government and
bureaucracy
• Public law examines legal systems, civil rights and criminal justice
SOCIOLOGY
“SOCIUS” friend or companion

-Systematicstudy of society and

human social action
When did it emerge?

•Industrial Revolution
•August Comte- coined the word
sociology in 1838 to encapsulate
the idea of improving society by
understanding how it operates
Subfields
•Applied sociology- focus on the use and
proper application of sociological theories,
methods and skills to examine data to solve
problems and communicate research to the
public
•Cultural sociology- analyzes the
development of social institutions, norms
and practices
Subfields
•Urban sociology studies societal life
interactions in urban areas through the
application of sociological methods like
statistical analysis and ethnographies

•Rural sociology studies the social life of

people in rural areas
Subfields
•Medical sociology examines the societal
aspects of healing and medicine of
people
•Sociology of education analyze how
social forces and institution like politics,
economic systems and culture affects
the school and educational systems.
Subfields
•Political sociology examines how social
structure affects and influences politics
•Military Sociology sociological study of
the military organization, the different
civilian and military relationships, war
experiences and the use of control over
force
Psychology
- “psyche” means soul or spirit
“logos” study
-Study of the human soul/ mind/
behavior/ personality and how these
are affected by individuals
environment
How did it emerge?
“Trepanning”
-people have discrimination or
identification to these people who
are mentally disturbed they turned
this people as spiritually disturbed
Sigmund Freud – unconscious,
childhood
Wilhelm Wundt – he was able to
stablish psychological
laboratories
Subfields
Clinical Psychology assesses and finds
treatment for people with psychological
disorder
Experimental psychology studies of humans
and animals examines how and why learning
takes place, cognition, perception, memory
and learning but mostly conducted on
animals instead of humans
Subfields
Developmental psychology studies the ways
people change and behave as they go through
their life (early childhood to preadolescent)
Personality psychology studies human nature
and differences among people
Environmental psychology studies the effects of
surroundings on a person’s attitude and
behavior
Demography
“demos” the people “graphos” –charting or
mapping

-Studies human population

How did it emerge?
•Kautilya- the the population, the
more that the economic grow
•Edmond Halley- different instances
on how do people die
•Thomas Maltus – population never
descend
Factors in studying demography
• Fertility is measured during crude birth rate or the
number of life births per 1000 people
• Mortality is measured using crude death rate or the
number of deaths for every 1000 in a population
• Migration is the movement of people into and out of
a particular territory
• Population Growth Rate is simply the difference
between the crude birth rate and the crude death
rate
Etymologies of Social Science Disciplines and
Definitions
Social Science Disciplines Etymologies Definitions
Anthropology “anthopos” (human), Scientific study of man or human being and their
“logos” (study of) societies in the past and present
Demography “demos” (people), Study of human population and dynamics
“graphein” (description)
Economics “oikanomia” (household Study of what constitutes rational human behavior in
management) the endeavor to fulfill needs and wants
Geography “geo” (Earth), Deals with the study of the relationship between
“graphein”(description) the earth and people
Linguistics “lingua” (tongue, Study of languages and focuses on the three
language) aspects of language
History “histoire” (recorded and The study of the past and its records about
documented events) events.
Etymologies of Social Science Disciplines and
Definitions
Social Science Disciplines Etymologies Definitions

Political Science “politika,” “polis” (affairs Deals with the system of governance
of the cities)

Psychology “psyche” (mind),

“logos” (study of)
Scientific study of the mind and
behavior
Sociology “socius” (people Study of groups - how they are formed,
together,
associate), “logos” how they change, and how the group
(study of) impacts individual behavior
Geography “geo” (Earth), Deals with the study of the relationship between
“graphein”(description) the earth and people

Linguistics “lingua” (tongue, Study of languages and focuses on the three

language) aspects of language