UNIT 2 – Introduction to Wordpress

Setting up WordPress :
Step 1: Download and Extract

Download and unzip the WordPress package from wordpress.org/download/.

• If you will be uploading WordPress to a remote web server, download
the WordPress package to your computer with a web browser and
unzip the package.
• If you will be using FTP, skip to the next step – uploading files is
covered later.
• If you have shell access to your web server, and are comfortable using
console-based tools, you may wish to download WordPress directly to
your web server using wget (or lynx or another console-based web
browser) if you want to avoid FTPing:
• wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
• Then extract the package using:
• tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz

Setting up Database:
If your web server has phpMyAdmin installed, you may follow these
instructions to create your WordPress username and database. If you work
on your own computer, on most Linux distributions you can install
PhpMyAdmin automatically.

If a database relating to WordPress does not already exist in

the Database dropdown on the left, create one:
1. Choose a name for your WordPress database: ‘wordpress‘ or ‘blog‘ are good,
but most hosting services (especially shared hosting) will require a name
beginning with your username and an underscore, so, even if you work on your
own computer, we advise that you check your hosting service requirements so
that you can follow them on your own server and be able to transfer your
database without modification. Enter the chosen database name in the Create
database field and choose the best collation for your language and encoding. In
most cases it’s better to choose in the “utf8_” series and, if you don’t find your
language, to choose “utf8mb4_general_ci”
2. Click the phpMyAdmin icon in the upper left to return to the main page,
then click the Users tab.
1) Click Add user.
2) Choose a username for WordPress (‘wordpress‘ is good) and enter it in the User
name field. (Be sure Use text field: is selected from the dropdown.)
3) Choose a secure password (ideally containing a combination of upper- and lower-case
letters, numbers, and symbols), and enter it in the Password field. (Be sure Use text
field: is selected from the dropdown.) Re-enter the password in the Re-type field.
4) Write down the username and password you chose.
5) Leave all options under Global privileges at their defaults.
6) Click Go.
7) Return to the Users screen and click the Edit privileges icon on the user you’ve just
created for WordPress.
8) In the Database-specific privileges section, select the database you’ve just created for
WordPress under the Add privileges to the following database dropdown, and click
Go.
9) The page will refresh with privileges for that database. Click Check All to select all
privileges, and click Go.
10) On the resulting page, make note of the host name listed after Server: at the top of the
page. (This will usually be localhost.)

Step 3: Set up wp-config.php

You can either create and edit the wp-config.php file yourself, or you can skip
this step and let WordPress try to do this itself when you run the installation
script (step 5). (you’ll still need to tell WordPress your database information).

(For more extensive details, and step by step instructions for creating the
configuration file and your secret key for password security, please see Editing
wp-config.php).
Return to where you extracted the WordPress package in Step 1, rename the
file wp-config-sample.php to wp-config.php, and open it in a text editor.

DB_NAME
The name of the database you created for WordPress in Step 2.
DB_USER
The username you created for WordPress in Step 2.
DB_PASSWORD
The password you chose for the WordPress username in Step 2.
DB_HOST
The hostname you determined in Step 2 (usually localhost, but not always; see some possible
DB_HOST values). If a port, socket, or pipe is necessary, append a colon (:) and then the relevant
information to the hostname.
DB_CHARSET
The database character set, normally should not be changed (see Editing wp-config.php).
DB_COLLATE
The database collation should normally be left blank (see Editing wp-config.php).

Step 4: Upload the files

Now you will need to decide where on your domain you’d like your
WordPress-powered site to appear:
– In the root directory of your website. (For example, http://example.com/)
– In a subdirectory of your website. (For example, http://example.com/blog/)

In the Root Directory

• If you need to upload your files to your web server, use an FTP client to upload all the
contents of the wordpress directory (but not the directory itself) into the root directory
of your website.
If your files are already on your web server, and you are using shell access to install
WordPress, move all of the contents of the wordpress directory (but not the directory
itself) into the root directory of your website.
Top ↑
In a Subdirectory
• If you need to upload your files to your web server, rename the wordpress directory to
your desired name, then use an FTP client to upload the directory to your desired
location within the root directory of your website.
• If your files are already on your web server, and you are using shell access to install
WordPress, move the wordpress directory to your desired location within the root
directory of your website, and rename the directory to your desired name.
Top ↑

Step 5: Run the Install Script

Point a web browser to start the installation script.

• If you placed the WordPress files in the root directory, you should visit:
http://example.com/wp-admin/install.php
• If you placed the WordPress files in a subdirectory called blog, for example, you should
visit: http://example.com/blog/wp-admin/install.php
Top ↑
Setup configuration file
If WordPress can’t find the wp-config.php file, it will tell you and offer to try to
create and edit the file itself. (You can also do this directly by loading wp-
admin/setup-config.php in your web browser.) WordPress will ask you the
database details and write them to a new wp-config.php file. If this works,
you can go ahead with the installation.

Working of WordPress :
WordPress is a content management system that is used to write
blogs and to build websites for personal or for organizations on a
small scale. WordPress provides us with the ability to edit the content
later on after building or publishing the content. The content can be
edited, modified, deleted, and organized in one place with our own
requirements and feasibility. WordPress provides a different way of
maintaining the content, like a dashboard, where you can customize
what should be view or appear in this section. The content can be
divided on the basis of posts, media types, and pages. There are
different themes available to present the blog or website. WordPress
also provides the compatibility of different plugins to make the
content more readable and attractive to the users and developers as
well. WordPress work is written in PHP and MySQL. It means
WordPress Software needs these components to work on in a system.
PHP is a great language and is widely used and popular among
developers. MySQL is used in adding the content to the database and
store the files, which helps in accessing the content at a faster rate.

WordPress Popular Work :

1. Blogs and Posts
It is being used to write blogs and small posts. Writers want to write
their blogs in some themes, which WordPress is providing in
thousands of numbers and gives the freedom to edit, delete and
maintain the posts in an easier manner.

2. Websites
With the help of WordPress, the writers can develop their website and
get the website developed from the developers and can be managed
on the server. It can be hosted on a server. Word press also allows the
writer to manage multiple websites efficiently. The multiple websites
can be managed easily from a single dashboard, and writers can have
more than one admin panel to manage the different sites accordingly.

3. Responsive Websites
WordPress enables responsive websites, where writers can interact
and able to share their ideas and tips with others. WordPress provides
the feature of getting your own domain and share across while
sharing your website or blogs.
4. Contacts and Advertisement
WordPress provides an open platform to showcase its skills. It can be
used by the writers to start with and sharing the content across the
different people in the surrounding area. Even this helps in sharing
and advertising information across the globe. WordPress Software
helps in making contact with others, and people contacted writers
based on their work to write blogs or posts for their organization or
for the individuals. It becomes the independent platform for many of
the individuals to showcase their skills and get that rewarded by
getting good contracts, work from reputed organizations.

5. Easily Available
WordPress Software plugins help in establishing the post with the
internet in quick seconds. It makes the posts or blogs easily accessible
to your followers or clients within a very short time span and easily.

WordPress Dashboard:
The WordPress Dashboard is a first screen which will be seen when you log
into the administration area of your blog which will display the overview of the
website. It is a collection of gadgets that provide information and provide an
overview of what's happening with your blog. You can customize your needs by
using some quick links such as writing quick draft, replying to latest comment,
etc.

Dashboard Menu
The WordPress Dashboard provides navigation menu that contains some menu
options such as posts, media library, pages, comments, appearance options,
plugins, users, tools and settings on the left side.

Screen Options
The dashboard contains different types of widgets which can be shown or hidden
on some screens. It contains check boxes to show or hide screen options and also
allows us to customize sections on the admin screen.
Welcome
It includes the Customize Your Site button which allows customizing your
WordPress theme. The center column provides some of the useful links such as
creating a blog post, creating a page and view the front end of your website. Last
column contains links to widgets, menus, settings related to comments and also a
link to the First Steps With WordPress page in the WordPress codex.

Quick Draft
The Quick Draft is a mini post editor which allows writing, saving and publishing a
post from admin dashboard. It includes the title for the draft, some notes about the
draft and save it as a Draft.

WordPress News
The WordPress News widget displays the latest news such as latest software
version, updates, alerts, news regarding the software etc. from the official
WordPress blog.

Activity
The Activity widget includes latest comments on your blog, recent posts and
recently published posts. It allows you to approve, disapprove, reply, edit, or delete
a comment. It also allows you to move a comment to spam.

At a Glance
This section gives an overview of your blog's posts, number of published posts and
pages, and number of comments. When you click on these links, you will be taken
to the respective screen. It displays the current version of running WordPress along
with the currently running theme on the site.

Export Content to Another WordPress Site :

1. Go to Tools → Export

2. Download your export file by:

o Clicking the Export All button (if you have a site without plugins installed.)
o Selecting all content and clicking the Download Export File button (if you
have a site with plugins installed.)
o Download specific content only, like posts, pages, or feedback.
 3. Wait for the export to process (it’s safe to navigate away from the screen once the
export is in progress.) Once it’s ready, click the Download button that appears, or
check your email for the download link.
4. You will receive a .zip file to save to your computer with the .xml file inside of it.
This file contains your posts, pages, comments, categories, tags, and references to
your site’s images.
o Larger sites will include more than one XML file to ensure that your export
process will be fast and complete successfully. When importing into another
site, you’ll need to unzip the file and import each of the .xml files individually.
5. Import your file to the new site.

Import from Self-Hosted WordPress :

1. Log into your new WordPress.com account or site.
2. Go to Tools → Import.
3. Under “I want to import content from:” select WordPress.
4. On the next screen, enter the public site address for your self-hosted
WordPress site.

5. Click Continue.

The Importer will check to make sure:

• Jetpack 7.9 or higher is installed on the self-hosted site

• The WordPress.com site has a plugin-enabled plan

If either of those criteria is not met, the Everything option will be unavailable, and
the Content only option will be your only choice.

Above the import type selection, you will see a message explaining why
the Everything option is unavailable

the Everything option is unavailable with the message “You need to have Jetpack
installed on your site to be able to import everything. Install Jetpack.” If you see this
message, click the Install Jetpack option to install the (free) Jetpack plugin on your
self-hosted site.

Once all criteria are met, you will be able to select the Everything option.

6. The option to import Everything will be selected by default. Click Continue to

move to the next screen.
7. You’ll have one more chance to review the source site, the site the content will
be imported to, and an important message about what will happen next.
Clicking Import Everything will overwrite everything on the site you are importing
to. Including:

• All posts, pages, comments, and media

• All users and roles
• Theme, plugins, and settings

8. If you agree, click Import Everything and then click Import and overwrite to
start the import process.

You will receive a notification when the import is finished. Then, you can review the
site to make sure it looks like what you expect.

WordPress - Backup & Restore :

In WordPress there are two parts of backing up such as −

• WordPress Files Backup

• WordPress Database Backup
• WordPress Files Restore
• WordPress Database Restore

WordPress Files Backup

To get the backup files of WordPress, you need to install FileZilla Client on your
system.
Following are the simple steps used for files backup operation in WordPress −
Step (1) − Open the FileZilla Client
Step (2) − Enter the Host, Username, Password and Port like you have used to
log-in to your cPanel.
After filling all the fields, click on Quickconnect button.
Step (3) − You will get all files and folders of your WordPress site on the right side
Step (4) − Select all the files and folders and right click on the mouse and click
on Download.
After downloading the WordPress files from cPanel, it will be saved on your
system.
WordPress Database Backup
Following are the simple steps for database backup in WordPress −
Step (1) − Type the path http://localhost/phpmyadmin in your browser.
Step (2) − Click on the database name ‘wordpress’ which you have created for
WordPress.
Step (3) − After clicking on database wordpress. Click on Export tab.
Step (4) − You will get two methods to export the database i.e. Quick and Custom.
Select any one of the methods and click on Go button.
After exporting the database file, it will get saved on your system.

Restoring WordPress Files

Following are the simple steps used to restore the files in WordPress using ftp −
Step (1) − Open the FileZilla Client and login to your site using ftp .
Step (2) − Open the local directory in ftp and upload all WordPress files to your
website .
Step (3) − Then, go to your wordpress folder → wp-config.php file. Copy and
rename wp-config.php file before editing, in case of some mistake you can restore
this file back.
Open the wp-config.php file and locate the following code.
define('DB_NAME', 'db_name');
Replace the db_name with your database name which you have created.
define('DB_USER', 'db_user');
Replace the db_user with your username of MySql.
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'db_password');
Replace the db_password with your password of MySql.
Save your wp-config file after editing and upload it to your WordPress site through
ftp.

Restoring WordPress Database

Following are the steps used to restore the database in WordPress −
Step (1) − Type the path http://localhost/phpmyadmin in the browser.
You can create a new database or import your backup in the existing database.
Here we'll create a new database name, i.e., new_wordpress and click
on Create button.
Step (2) − You can view your created database. Click on the database
name new_wordpress.
Step (3) − Click on Import.

Step (4) − Click on Choose File button to select the backup file from your system. After
uploading the sql file, select format as SQL .

Click on Go button.
Step (5) − Once you click on Go, you will get a message after the sql file is
uploaded successfully.

Upgrading WordPress :
Following are a few simple steps to update the version in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Please Update Now
You will get notifications in WordPress admin panel when there is a newer version
available for WordPress. Before updating, it is advised to keep WordPress backup.
Step (2) − After clicking on the update link. Click on Update Now button.
Note − While updating the version, if you get an error as
Fatal error: Maximum execution time of 30 seconds exceeded in C:\your wordpress
folder\wp-includes\class-http.php on line 1597

then you need to take the following actions −

• Open your WordPress folder → wp-includes folder
• Open class-http.php file and add the following line at the beginning
− set_time_limit (0);
• Save the file.
Now your WordPress is successfully upgraded.

WordPress Settings :
General Setting - WordPress general setting is used to set the basic
configuration settings for your site. In the setting administration screen, it is a
default setting screen.
Following are the steps to access the general settings −
Step 1 − Click on Settings → General option in WordPress.
Step 2 − The General Setting page is displayed.
Following are the details of the fields on general settings page.
• Site Title − It displays the name of the site in the template header.
• Tagline − Displays a short sentence about your site.
• WordPress Address (URL) − It is the URL of WordPress directory
where your all core application files are present.
• Site Address(URL) − Enter the site URL which you want your site to
display on the browser.
• E-mail Address − Enter your e-mail address which helps to recover
your password or any update.
• Membership − Anyone can register an account on your site after you
check this checkbox.
• New User Default Role − The default role is set for the newly
registered user or members.
• Timezone − Sets the time zone based on the particular city.
• Date Format − Sets the date format as you need to display on the site.
• Time Format − Sets the time format as you need to display on the site.
• Week Starts On − Select the week day which you prefer to start for
WordPress calendar. By default it is set as Monday.
• Site Language − Sets the language for the WordPress dashboard.
Step3 − After filling all the information about general settings, click on Save
Changes button. It saves all your general setting information.

Writing Setting - The writing settings controls the writing experience and
provides options for customizing WordPress site. These settings control the
features in the adding and editing posts, Pages, and Post Types, as well as the
optional functions like Remote Publishing, Post via e-mail, and Update Services.
Following are the steps to access the writing settings −
Step (1) − To change writing settings, go to Settings → Writing option.
Step (2) − The Writing Setting page is displayed

Following are the details of the fields on the page.

• Formatting − This field defines two sub options for better user
experience.
o The first option Convert emoticons like :-) and :-P to
graphics on display will turn text-based emoticons into
graphic-based emoticons.
o The second option WordPress should correct invalidly
nested XHTML automatically corrects the invalid XHTML
placed within the posts or pages.
 • Default Post Category − It is a category to be applied to a post and
you can leave it as Uncategorized.
• Default Post Format − It is used by themes to select post format to be
applied to a post or create different styles for different types of posts.
• Post via e-mail − This option uses e-mail address to create posts and
publishes posts on your blog through e-mail. To use this, you'll need
to set up a secret e-mail account with a POP3 access, and any mail
received at this address will be posted.
• Mail Server − It allows reading the e-mails that you send to
WordPress and stores them for retrieval. For this, you need to have
POP3 compatible mail server and it will have URI address such as
mail.example.com, which you should enter here.
• Login Name − To create posts, WordPress will need its own e-mail
account. The Login Name will use this e-mail address and should be
kept as a secret as spammers will post links redirecting to their own
websites.
• Password − Set password for the above e-mail address.
• Default Mail Category − It allows selecting custom category for all
the posts that are published via Post by e-mail feature.
• Update Services − When you publish a new post, WordPress will
automatically notify the site update services in the box. See
the Update Services on the codex for the long list of possible services.
Step (3) − After filling all the above information, click on Save Changes button to
save your information.

Reading Setting - Reading Setting is used to set the content related to the
front page. You can set the number of post to be displayed on the main page.
Following are the steps to access the reading settings −
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Reading option in WordPress.
Step(2) − The Reading Settings page is displayed

Following are the details of the fields on reading settings.

• Front page displays − This section is used to display the front page in
any of the following format −
o Your latest posts − It displays latest posts on the front
page.
o A static page − It displays the static pages on the front
page.
o Front Page − You can select the actual page you want to
display on front page from the drop down.
 o Posts Page − You can select the page from the drop
down which contains posts.
• Blog pages show at most − The number of posts to be displayed per
page or site. By default, it is set as 10.
• Syndication feeds show the most recent − The user can view the
number of posts when they download one of the site feeds. By default,
it is set as 10.
• For each article in a feed, show − This section is used to display the
post by selecting any of the following formats −
o Full Text − It displays the complete post. It is set as
default.
o Summary − It displays the summary of the post.
• Search Engine Visibility − After clicking on the checkbox, Discourage
search engines from indexing this site, your site will be ignored by the
search engine.
Step(3) − After filling all the information, click on Save Changes button to save
your Reading Setting information.

Discussion Setting - WordPress discussion setting can be defined as the

interaction between the blogger and the visitors. These settings are done by the
admin to have a control over the posts/pages that come in through users.
Following are the steps to access the Discussion setting −
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Discussion option in WordPress.
Step (2) − The Discussion Settings page is displayed

Following fields are seen in Discussion settings.

• Default article settings − These settings are default to the new pages
you create or new posts. This contains three more settings. They are −
o Attempt to notify any blogs linked to from the article −
When you publish articles then it sends a notification
(sends pings and trackback) to other blogs.
o Allow link notifications from other blogs (pingbacks
and trackbacks) − Accepts pings from other blogs.
o Allow people to post comments on new articles − You
can allow or disallow other people to comment on your
article using this setting.
You can change the settings as per your will for individual articles.
• Other Comment Settings − This setting has the following options −
o Comment author must fill out name and e-mail − When
you check this box, it is mandatory for visitors to fill their
name and email address.
 o Users must be registered and logged in to comment − If
you check this box, only those registered visitors can
leave comments, if not checked anyone can leave any
number of comments.
o Automatically close comments on articles older than
days − This option allows you to accept comments only
for a particular time period as per your wish.
o Enable threaded (nested) comments − When you check
this option, visitors can reply or have a discussion and get
responses.
o Break comments into pages with top level comments
per page and the page displayed by default − If your
pages are getting a lot of comments then you can split
them into different pages by checking this box.
o Comments should be displayed with the comments at
the top of each page − You can arrange the comments in
the form of ascending or descending order.
• Email me whenever − This setting contains two options, namely −
o Anyone posts a comment − When you check into this
box, the author gets an e-mail for every single comment
that is posted.
o A comment is held for moderation − This is used in case
you do not want your comment to be updated before it's
moderated by the admin.
• Before a comment appears − This setting allows how your posts are
controlled. There are two more settings as followed −
o Comment must be manually approved − If you check
this box then only the approved comments by the admin
can be displayed on the posts or pages.
o Comment author must have a previously approved
comment − This can be checked when you want to
approve a comment of an author whose has commented
and his e-mail address matches the e-mail address of the
previous posted comment. Otherwise the comment is
held for moderation.
• Comment Moderation − Contain only a specific number of links that
are allowed into a comment.
• Comment Blacklist − You can input your own spam words which you
do not want your visitors to enter into the comments, URL, e-mail etc.;
later it would filter the comments.
• Avatars − Avatar is a small image that displays at the top-right-hand
corner of the dashboard screen beside your name. It is like your profile
 picture. Here you have a few more options where you can set your
avatar for WordPress site.
o Avatar Display − It displays your avatar besides your
name when it is checked.
o Maximum rating − You have a four other options of
avatars you can use. They are G, PG, R and X. This is the
age section where you select according to which type of
audience you want to display your posts.
o Default Avatar − In this option, there are few more types
of avatars with images; you can keep these avatars
according to your visitors e-mail address.
Step (3) − Click on Save Changes button to save the changes.

Media Setting - It is used to set the height and width of the images which you're
going to use on your website.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Media option in WordPress.
Step (2) − The Media Settings page is displayed

Following are the details of the fields on Media settings −

• Thumbnail size − Set the size of the thumbnail.
• Medium size − Set the height and width of medium size images.
• Large size − Set width and height of larger images.
• Uploading files − After checking this checkbox, the uploaded image
will be arranged into year and month based folder.
Step (3) − After setting the dimension in pixels, click on Save Changes button. It
saves your media setting information.

Privacy Setting - To access your site’s privacy options:

1. Visit your site’s dashboard.

2. Go to Settings → General.
3. Scroll down to the Privacy section*

Permalink Setting - Permalink is a permanent link to a particular blog post or

category. It allows setting the default permalink structure. These settings are used
to add permalinks to your posts in WordPress. Following are the steps to access
permalink settings.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Permalinks option from the left navigation menu.
Here are a few settings you can make −
• Common settings −
 Check any of the radio buttons to choose your permalink structure for
your blogs
o Default − It sets the default URL structure in Wordpress.
o Day and name − It sets URL structure according to the
date and name in your posts.
o Month and name − It sets the URL structure according to
the month and name in your post.
o Numeric − It sets numbers in the URL structure in your
post.
o Post name − It sets post name in the URL structure in
your post.
o Custom Structure − It sets the URL structure of your
choice by writing the desired name in the given text box.
• Optional
These are optional. You can add custom structure for main category or
tag URL. If your text box is empty then default settings is used. Here
you have two options.
o Category Base − Add custom prefix for your category
URL.
o Tag Base − Add custom prefix to your Tags URL.

Step (3) − Once you are done with changes, click on Save Changes button to save
the permalink settings.

Account Setting - You can access your account settings by clicking on your
profile image in the top right corner and selecting Account Settings.

Account Information :

Username - The username is your unique identifier on WordPress.com. This

username must be unique – i.e., two accounts cannot share the same username. You
can change your username by typing a new one into the username field and
following the instructions that appear. Your WordPress.com username will display
next to any posts you make in the WordPress.com forums.

Email Address - This is the email address associated with your WordPress.com
account. Each WordPress.com account must have a unique email address, and email
addresses cannot be shared among accounts. That is, one email address cannot be
registered with multiple accounts. You can change your email address. You will be
sent a confirmation link to verify your email when you create a new account or
change your email address.

Primary Site - Your primary site is the website that appears first when you access
your WordPress.com account. From the dropdown option, you can choose which site
you want to be the primary site in your account. If you only have one site, there will
be no dropdown. Your website will be set as primary automatically. Only
WordPress.com sites on which your account is a user, or self-hosted WordPress sites
connected to your account via Jetpack can be set as the primary site.

Web Address - You can type the full URL of your main website or blog into
the web address field. The web address will be the link used with your Public Display
Name when you leave comments on WordPress.com sites. Changing your web
address will not affect the link on existing comments; it will only change the link for
future comments you leave.

WordPress – Adding Content :

Add Posts – Posts are also known as articles and sometimes referred as blogs
or blog posts. These are used to popularize your blogs.
Following are the simple steps to Add Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Add New in WordPress.
Step (2) − You will get the editor page of the Post .You can use the WordPress
WYSIWYG editor to add the actual content of your post. We will study in detail
about WYSIWYG editor in the chapter WordPress - Add Pages.
Following are the fields on the editor page of the Add Posts Page.
• Post Title − Enter the title of the post, i.e., Post1.
• Post Content − Enter the content of your post.
Step (3) − Click on Publish button to publish your respective post.
Following are the few other options present in the Publish section.
• Save Draft − It saves the post as a draft.
• Preview − You can preview your post before publishing.
• Move to Trash − Deletes the post.
• Status − Change the status of your post to Published,
Pending, or Reviewer Draft.
 • Visibility − Change the visibility of the post to Public,
Private or Password protected.
• Published − Change the publishded post date and time.

Add Pages - Adding pages is similar to adding posts in WordPress. Pages are
static content and often do not change its displayed information.
Following are the simple steps to add pages in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → Add New
Step (2) − You will get the editor page .The editor page has two tabs, Visual and
Text. You can insert text in either of these. Here, we'll study about inserting text
into Visual format.
Following are the details of the fields on editor page of the Add New Page.

Title
It is used to write the title of the article, which is later displayed on the page.
Permalink shows the potential URL for the page below the title. The URL generates
as per the given title.

WYSIWYG Editor
It is a WYSIWYG Editor, which is similar to a word processor interface where you
can edit the contents of the article.
Following are the options present of WYSIWYG editor −
• Bold Button − Used to bold your font.
• Italic − Used to italicize the font.
• Word Strike − Strikes through the content.
• Bullet List − Adds bullets to content.
• Number List − Adds numbers to the list of the content.
• Blockquote − Quotes the text.
• Horizontal Line − Creates a horizontal line between sentences.
• Left Align − Sets the content on the left side of the page.
• Right Align − Sets the content to the right side of the page.
• Justify − Justifies the content of the page.
• Add Link − Adds a link to your content.
Following are the fields present in the Insert/edit link.
• URL − Enter URL you want to link.
• Link text − Insert text you want to enter into the link.
 • Open link in a new window/tab − Open your link page into the new
tab or window. Check the box as required.
• Or link to existing account − Links to an existing content page by
selecting the page from the given list. When you click on existing page
then you get a link created in the URL section .

Text Insertion
For writing the content of an article.

Publish
To publish the page to the user on the website.

Page Attribute
Page attributes module allows you to select the parents for your particular page.
You can also set order of the pages.
• Parent − Allows you to select parent page.
• Order − Sets the order of the page.

Add Category - Category is used to indicate sections of your site and group
related posts. It sorts the group content into different sections. It is a very
convenient way to organize the posts.
To access the Category section, follows the mentioned steps −
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Categories option in WordPress.
Step (2) − The Categories page is displayed
Following are the details of the fields on Categories.
• Name − Enter the unique name of categories.
• Slug − A word chosen to describe your post. It is specified in the tags
URL.
• Parent − By selecting the parent category from dropdown, you can set
the particular category as sub-category or can keep it as None.
• Description − Add brief description of your category. It is optional.
Step (3) − After filling all the information about Categories, click on Add New
Category button.
Step (4) − After clicking on Add New Category, the new created category will get
displayed on the right side of the page
Add Tags - Tag is a small information attached to the main content or post for
the purpose of identification. It tells the visitors what actually the post is about. If
the tag is mentioned properly then it helps to find the content very easily.
Following are the steps to Add Tags in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Tags in WordPress.
Step (2) − The Tags page is displayed

Following are the details of the fields on Tags.

• Name − Enter the name of tags.
• Slug − A word chosen to describe your post. It is specified in the tags
URL.
• Description − Add brief description of your tag. It gets displayed when
you hover on the tag.
After filling all the information about Tags, click on Add New Tag button.
Step (3) − The new created tags will get displayed on the right side of the page

Internal Linking -

An internal link is a hyperlink that points to the other page on the same domain.

For example: yourwebsitename.com/products/ is linking

to yourwebsitename.com/products-q/

With the help of internal links, the users can easily navigate to your website as it

allows the relevant content to be connected on your website and will help in the

structural maintenance of your wordpress website.

How To Add Internal Links In WordPress –

If you want to use a free tool, you’ll have to put more time and energy into adding

every internal link yourself. Here’s how:

1. Navigate to the Post

First, navigate to the post or page on which you want to add Internal Links

from WordPress Dashboard > Posts > All Posts. Click on Edit in order to edit the

post.

2. Highlight the Text and Add the Link

In the post editing screen, highlight the text on which you want to insert the link,

click the link icon and paste the internal link as shown below:

If you’re not sure what post you want to link to then just enter the keyword and

WordPress will search through your website and find the relevant content to link

to. Then click on the post you’d want to link and that’s it! You’re done!

3. Update/Publish the Post

Once you’ve added the link, click on Update as you would normally do or Publish

the post if it’s newly created to preview the changes. The internal link will then be

visible in your post and on clicking it, it will redirect you to that particular post.

And that’s how you can add Internal links in WordPress.