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Ashesh Anand
Ubiquitous
Jun 09, 2022

Computing:
Characteristi
cs,
Advantages
&
FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Challenges. (CSC034)

PREPARED FOR

MADAM ZAKIAH NOH

PREPARED BY

PUTERI FARAH HANNAH BINTI SHUKRI SHARMAN (2023831614)

P1005U02

ASSIGNMENT 1 :

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Table Of Contents

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………1

What Is Ubiquitous Computing and What Does It Mean?...........................................2

Origins of Ubiquitous Computing.............................................................................3

Applications of Ubiquitous Computing.....................................................................4

Ubiquitous Computing Layers..............................................................................5

Sentient Computing............................................................................................. 5

Characteristics of Ubiquitous Computing.................................................................6

Advantages of Ubiquitous Computing.....................................................................7

Challenges of Ubiquitous Computing......................................................................8

Information Processing in Ubiquitous Computing................................................8

Discussion...................................................................................................................9

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Computing everywhere and at any time not only improves efficacy and efficiency, but
it also saves money. The concept of ubiquitous computing, also known as pervasive
computing, ambient intelligence, or "everywhere," is one of the most advanced forms
of computing. The simplicity of being in-network has always offered an assortment of
technological breakthroughs in both wired and wireless networks, thanks to the
emergence of ubiquitous computing applications. However, "What is Ubiquitous
Computing?" is a question that emerges here.

Pervasive computing, also known as Ubiquitous computing, is a new concept that

involves embedding microprocessors in ordinary things so that they can share
information. It refers to the incorporation of computers into everyday objects so that
people are oblivious of their presence. All of these gadgets communicate with one
another across wireless networks without requiring the user's involvement.

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What Is Ubiquitous Computing and What Does It Mean?

Ubiquitous computing is a computing paradigm in which information processing is

linked to each action or object encountered. It entails linking electronic equipment, as
well as incorporating microprocessors for data communication. Devices that use
ubiquitous computing are always connected and always available.

Ubiquitous computing focuses on learning by eliminating the complexity of

computing and increasing efficiency while utilizing computers for many daily tasks.

Ubiquitous computing, also known as ambient computing or pervasive computing, is

the saturation of work, residential, and transportation settings with interconnected
gadgets. Because of contextual data gathering and application, smooth, intuitive
access points, and fluid payment mechanisms, these embedded systems would
make these settings and transit methods significantly more fun and convenient. An
autonomous vehicle that recognises its allowed passenger through smartphone
proximity, docks and charges itself when needed, and handles toll, emergency
response, and fast-food purchases by connecting with infrastructure is a prime
example of a ubiquitous computing experience.

Origins of Ubiquitous Computing

The concept of ubiquitous computing dates back to the late 1980s. The phrase
"ubiquitous computing" was coined by Mark Weiser, who worked as the Chief
Technologist at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) in 1988. He co-authored
some of the first studies on the issue alongside PARC Director and Chief Scientist
John Seely Brown. Weiser is credited with coining the term "ubiquitous computing"
and exploring its key difficulties.

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Applications of Ubiquitous Computing

The progress of the omnipresent environment is dependent on technological

advancement. It is necessary for the environment to be self-configurable and self-
healing. The network can be quick and dependable if robust computer networks
(using Ethernet technologies and security gateways) are implemented. The potential
of ubiquitous computing is enormous, and it will have an impact on a wide range of
fields. Smart automobiles can help to avoid accidents and provide convenient
routes.

1. Smart energy meters improve energy efficiency. Household equipment may

be easily maintained because the sensor tag affixed to the equipment notifies
you when maintenance is necessary or when the warranty expires, allowing
you to prevent costly repairs.
2. Embedded smart chips in healthcare will automate and regulate processes
while also improving the patient's environment. Obesity levels can be reduced
by creating a healthy eating environment. It can also provide a comparison of
fast food vs. home cooking, raising health awareness and improving quality of
life.
3. Family and relatives, as well as strangers, could be identified by the cameras
installed at your front door. Any stranger with a criminal history can be
checked against the criminal database, and an automated emergency call and
email (along with a photo) will be sent to the local police station.

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Ubiquitous Computing Layers

Ubiquitous computing is made up of numerous layers, each with its own function,
that work together to form a single system.

1) The Task Management layer examines user tasks, context, and indexes. It
also takes care of the territory's complicated interdependencies.
2) The Environment Management layer keeps track of resources and their
capabilities, as well as mapping service requirements and user-level statuses
of specific capabilities.
3) The Environment layer keeps track of important resources and manages their
dependability.

Sentient Computing

Sentient computing is a type of ubiquitous computing that employs sensors to detect

and react to its surroundings. The sensors are frequently used to build a world model
that allows location-aware or context-aware apps to be built.

Sentient computers gather data from a variety of sources, including background

processes, data pushed to the user, the user's location, time of day, current speed,
average speed over time, previous behaviours such as clicks and subscriptions, and
the user's friends on another platform.

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Characteristics of Ubiquitous Computing

The basic goal of ubiquitous computing is to create smart, linked products that make
communication and data sharing easier and less intrusive.

The following are some of the key characteristics of ubiquitous computing:

i. The human component is taken into account, and the paradigm is placed in a
human, rather than a computational, environment.
ii. Use of low-cost processors, resulting in lower memory and storage
requirements.
iii. Real-time properties are captured.
iv. Computer gadgets that are always linked and available.
v. In the environment, focus on many-to-many relationships rather than one-to-
one, many-to-one, or one-to-many, as well as the idea of technology, which is
always present.
vi. Takes into account local/global, social/personal, public/private, and
invisible/visible characteristics, as well as knowledge creation and distribution.
vii. It is built on the convergence of the Internet, wireless technologies, and
modern electronics.
viii. Because digital gadgets are worn and always connected, there may be
increased surveillance and possibly restrictions and interference with user
privacy.
ix. As technology advances, the reliability of many pieces of equipment may be
impacted.

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Advantages of Ubiquitous Computing

Some of the advantages of ubiquitous computing include lower service costs through
smart networks, increased industrial scheduling and productivity, and faster
response times in health care settings. More precise targeted advertising and more
convenient personal financial transactions are two further advantages.

People profit from ubiquitous computing because it combines sensors, networking

technology, and data analytics to monitor and report on a variety of things, such as
purchase preferences, manufacturing processes, and traffic patterns.

Anomalies, errors, and pollutants in the workplace can be detected by these

computing systems, allowing for early intervention or preventing a workplace
disaster. Ubiquitous computing can also measure resource utilization, inputs, and
outputs, enabling for better resource management during peak loads or better
resource distribution over time.

The implementation of ubiquitous computing sensors and networks in rural areas

can also aid service delivery to remote locations. Doctors can monitor patient vital
signs from considerable distances, allowing medical treatments to be provided
outside of the confines of a hospital or clinic.

Rural education can also be delivered via interactive media delivery technology,
which allows students and instructors to communicate in a personal setting without
having to be in the same classroom.

Challenges of Ubiquitous Computing

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One of the most serious issues that ubiquitous computing faces is privacy. Protecting
system security, privacy, and safety is critical in ubiquitous computing.

It's also worth noting that, despite progress in ubiquitous computing, the sector
continues to confront challenges in areas like human-machine interfaces and data
security, as well as technical impediments that cause concerns with availability and
reliability.

Despite the rapid proliferation of smart devices today, making ubiquitous computing
available to everyone with a comprehensive infrastructure and ease of use is a
difficult undertaking. Senior persons and individuals living in rural areas are still at a
disadvantage, which must be addressed if ubiquitous computing is to be adopted in
a healthy way.

Information Processing in Ubiquitous Computing

Information has evolved into a connected, dynamic 4th dimensional field that can
only be seen when a portion of it is requested. It is impossible to feel or access all of
it at once, and our interfaces are still limited in that we can only access this data
through flat, two-dimensional screens.

Wireless, Internet-enabled devices provide constant access to a vast network of data

from which we can retrieve any piece of information we need. We no longer need to
find the next phone booth or wait for a specific feature to play in a movie theatre;
instead, we may utilize mobile devices to watch a video clip or use communication
features to communicate anywhere, at any time, in a number of ways (both textual
and auditory). Technosocial gadgets reduce the amount of area and time required to
connect to data sources. At the stroke of a button, our ears can travel to the next
neighbourhood or Japan.

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Discussion

The takeaway of ubiquitous computing is that it has many benefits that can help daily
activities become much more simpler and faster. Not only that, Ubiquitous computing
contributes to many work areas in making work run smoothly. It benefits and create
business possibilities to many. Nevertheless, it also has its downsides because of
how exposed it is towards privacy. However, the users of ubiquitous computing must
take note to protect one’s privacy and build up security walls to eliminate breaches of
privacy. This step should not be taken lightly as it can save us from the unwanted
outcomes. With that being said, it is crystal clear that ubiquitous computing is not
only helping those who are around you, but developing the world into a better future,
with hopes that the challenges can be overcome.

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