FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

AGRIHOUSING: HOUSING DEVELOPMENT WHICH WILL BENEFIT

AGRICULTURAL FARMING
GENERAL TRIAS CAVITE

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

RESMAR: Research Methods For

Architecture

Researcher: BLANCFLOR, RYAN LUIS C.

Section 2

Adviser:

SARRAGA, VERNA LUCIA

PANLILIO

Consultant:

LOUWIE GAN

DATE:

OCTOBER 16 2022
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

As time passes the number of people living within rural areas and provincesstarted
to increase in size. this had led to more lands becoming occupied with people and
their homes. According to Cabildo et al. (2017) the increase of people and the
population causes rapid urbanization. This has caused agricultural land to be
changes and converted for housing and urban use. The increase of people as well
causes for factors like employment and economic growth to increase which also
causes for more lands to be converted. Some of these rural lands within areas of
Cavite, pampanga, cebu,and others are also been converted into urbanize areas.
As stated by Ferrolino. (2019) that provinces like cavite are now been turning into
a newmanila or changing into a city like metro manila.

This in turn as affected agricultural lands where the more urbanized areas increase
the more agricultural lands lessen. In the country alone 78percent of farm lands
are less than 3 hectares in size which is a small area for farming
(themendelianeconomists, 2017). With the land also turning into housing and
commercially used lands more people are also changing profession to a more
industrialized kind of work which lessen the number offarmers.

2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Cavite is a province starting to change into more industrial and urbanized focused
land like metro manila. Its agriculture is then starting to fade away as the increase
of people increases the use of agricultural lands within Cavite. With the increase
of urbanized lands also increases industrialized
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

kind of work which made people prefer this kind of work than work related to
agriculture like farming.

An example of this is E.P.Z.A. (Export Processing Zone Authority), an

industrialized compound which provide job to the people of Cavite but has taken
up a huge part of agricultural land of the province. With all of this factors from
industrial, urban, and housing they became a huge part of agriculture being lessen
within the province of Cavite.

Another problem is that agricultural lands cannot be stopped to be lessen as

population is and will always be increasing which result in more housing, more
industrial structures to be build. In short stopping the spread of housing
establishments is not the solution to the problem as anotherproblem will appear
an example of this problem is the lack of housing for families without a home.

3. DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM

One of the locations within cavite that experiences rise of urbanization and the
loss of agricultural land is general trias cavite. General trias cavite is starting to be
occupied with housing such as Lancaster and other subdivisions and villages. The
reason for this is also the rise of industrial and business around the area like epza.
This then causes for agricultural lands of genral trias to be lessen which ultimately
led to farmers of the area to loss their way of life. The population within general
trias also is starting to grow and with this also comes the problem of rapid increase
in population which also led to more housing and less agricultural land.

4. RESEARCH FOCUS

The study will focus on finding a way where agriculture and housing can co-exist
together. This means that having one another within a space without losing a
portion of the function of the other. this study will focus on proposing on how will
housing and agriculture will function together and what ways and design concepts
will make this possible. This study will also include how to incorporate farming
within a building and how it will flourish and how it will also be able to create an
opportunity for function like business and creation of goods for the community.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

5. GOALS AND OBJECTIVE

The Project aims to create a form of housing or a compound for housing that will
promote and even allow agriculture to be a factor that will benefit the lives and
livelihood of the people living in this housing compound. Thisresearch also aims to
incorporate an agricultural function into housing where agriculture will flourish
without being taken away due to lands being lessen because of housing and
industrial usage of land.

It is also to design a housing complex within the province of Cavite which will help
boost the agricultural aspects of the province but will also provide the necessary
homes that citizens of Cavite will need.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

6. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scope of this project is to create a design of an agricultural housing complex

within the province of Cavite. this project will use present information and research
that surrounds housing and agriculture to create a design which will combine the
two separate functions.

This project will only focus on how agriculture can be put within a housingproject
and how will this affect the overall lively hood of the users of this structure or
complex in the future.

This project main users are farmers and families. This project will look at how
putting an agricultural function within a housing complex affect the families who
will live in there and also how will the farmers be able to use this complex to
promote and do agriculture related work.

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

The importance of this project is that it will present a new form of housing which
can help agricultural and also economically as the project aims to promote
improving agriculture and benefiting from it. The following set of people could
benefit from this project:

Farmers: they are the primary beneficiary of this project; this is because farmers
are the first people to be affected of the decreasing area ofagricultural lands. They
are top priority for the reason that they are in needof space where they can do their
work.

Future researcher/Designer: they can use this project as a way for them to
develop agriculture in any form and design. With this project they will receive
necessary information they need to start a design similar to this project.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

Families: with this project it will cater families without homes and be able to even
provide their necessary need thru the agricultural aspect of the project.

Business Owners: With this project having an agricultural aspect to it the

people who will use this project will be able to create a living thru it. The project
can present this opportunity to its future users.

8. CASE STUDY

COPENHAGEN’S CASE FOR URBAN FARMING: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

In the year of 2025, Copenhagen aims to be carbon neutral. A Copenhagen

environmental organization, Amager Miljpunkt has the interest of knowing how
urban gardening will benefit the Amager’s Environment. Amager's environmental
activism. The environmental, social, political, and economic benefits of urban
agriculture for the economy, community, and public health in order to assess the
needed requirements for putting urban farms into practice in the area. the
researcher looked into the cost of an urban space to be develop economic
projection for potential farm projects. With study the researches where able to
assess the potential of urban farming within amager thru research, study, survey,
and recommendation for enhancing the local community development to urban
farming.

According to the study, the researchers discovered five necessary aims in

undertaking urban agricultural research. These objectives are as follows: first,
knowing the potential market and business models that are feasible in creating an
urban farm; second, analyzing the economic sustainability of Amager's urban
farming efforts; third, identifying requirements for a viable urban farm, such as site,
farm operation, and crop selection, and also labor structure; fourth, investigating
the effect of municipal rules on possible urban farming ventures; and finally,
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

identifying groups of people who are interested in urban farming. These goals
aided the researchers in gathering knowledge regarding urban farming in Amager.
It supplied the essential questions and needs that the researcher need to assist
them in gathering, surveying, and comprehending the elements and components
of urban farming.

Overall, the Case Study of Copenhagen's Case for Urban Farming: A Feasibility
Study is about learning about the potential benefits of urban farming within a
municipality or town. It offers information on how urban gardening or urban farming
may enhance a town's or municipality's economics, environment, and well-being.
This case study offers suggestions and information that may be used to the
designer's project. It gave the required objectives that the designer needs know in
order to obtain the necessary information for building an urban farm or a farm within
a developed and urbanized environment.

HOW DOES URBAN FARMING BENEFIT PARTICIPANTS’ HEALTH? A CASE

STUDY OF ALLOTMENTS AND EXPERIENCE FARMS IN TOKYO

One type of health infrastructure that is gaining popularity in Japan is urban

farming, often known as urban gardening. People residing in Japan's capital,
Tokyo, have access to two types of agricultural programs: allotment farming
programs and experience farming programs. The availability of frequent
communication between persons in these two programs separates these two
programs. The researchers examined the changes and differences in the
participants' self-reported health status using these two urban farming methods.
The researchers then collected data by polling 783 participants in urban farming
and 1254 non-participants, and they were able to evaluate the data using ordinal
logistic regressions. As a consequence, the researchers determined that those
who had taken part in. As an outcome, the researchers determined that those who
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

participated in urban farming improved their self-rated physical and mental health
significantly. After controlling the physical activities of the participants, it was
determined that people participating in allotments showed no improvement,
whereas people participating in experience farms showed results. It was stated
that the improvement was caused not only by the physical activities, but also by
the interaction of the participants within the program. Public funding is necessary
for health promotion not just for municipal allotments but also for experience farms
maintained by farmers themselves.

The case study focuses on how urban gardens and urban farms improve the well-
being of program participants. It demonstrates how the urban garden program has
a significant impact on the physical and emotional health of the participants. This
research may substantially aid the designer's project by revealing the benefits that
can be obtained by constructing an agricultural housing complex. It has also
highlighted various reasons why being able to farm within a building/residence
might have a significant impact on a person or the community.

URBAN AGRICULTURE PROGRAM IN THE PHILIPPINES: ITS BEGINNING

AND STATUS

The case study summarized the initiatives made in urban agriculture Philippines
program thought the past several years that had come and the current condition
of the program in the present. the study covers the findings created by interaction
by the following government agencies. The following government agencies are the
local government, department of agriculture, bureau of agricultural research, LGU
(Local government units) and others which are academic in nature.

Likely, the National Integrated Research and Development Framework In addition,

the Extension Program for Urban Agriculture in the Philippines was presented.
Possible collaboration or study with other government and private agencies
institutions in the country and, most likely with other foreign countries.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

The study also includes the past and present efforts related to urban agriculture. It
contains on how technologies are developed to help people within an urban setting
to b e able to plant and farm even though they are in an urban setting. Urban
agriculture also provided benefits. This benefits can promote urban agriculture
where people can have a sense of fulfillment and desires when they plant.

Overall, the study is on how urban agriculture works in the Philippines, with ties
and interactions with government agencies and groups. The study also looks at
the potential results of agriculture in metropolitan regions in the Philippines. These
outcomes can include benefits to a person's mental and physical health as well as
potential chances for the community, such as commercial opportunities. This
research can inform the designer about how well the Philippines is handling the
concept of urban agriculture. It can advise the designer if certain aspects of urban
agriculture are feasible within a given region in the Philippines. It also
demonstrates the current state of urban agriculture in the country, and with this
information, the designer may enhance the concept accordingly.

BACKYARD AND COMMUNITY GARDENING IN THE URBAN PHILIPPINES: A

CASE STUDY FROM URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN

The case study explores current attempts to consume fruits and vegetables in
rural-urban areas of the Philippines. In August 2009, the municipal government of
Urdaneta launched a comprehensive backyard/community gardening program to
address reoccurring community health and home self-sufficiency challenges.

The research also provides an anthropological dimension to current

understandings. In increasing metropolitan regions, the first worry is hunger, food
insecurity, and an inadequate diet. Second, consider how the response relates to
the issue of household self-sufficiency and well-being. This type of analysis not
only provides new insights into challenges that are increasingly being faced in
cities throughout the Global South, but it also elucidates the effectiveness of
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

policies that encourage grassroots participation in convincing local urbanites to

produce and consume more fruits and vegetables.

Furthermore, the study focuses on how backyard farming for communities might
assist alleviate difficulties in rural areas throughout the country. It examines the
necessary concerns connected to the aforementioned issues, as well as how
building community gardening will produce good impacts that can mitigate the
mentioned problems.

This case study is relevant to the project of agricultural housing since it also
focuses on establishing a means for backyard gardening within the community. It
is relevant as the project of agricultural housing is creating a housing complex with
agricultural function to it which mean creating a way for people to plant and even
get their necessary needs from a farm from it.as stated it has a similar concept that
can provide information like effects of having a backyard garden and how backyard
gardens provide benefits from business functions, to user’s function which are
useful to the design of agricultural housing project. Another similarity is that, like
the initiative, the study takes place in a Philippine province. Some aspects of the
study can indeed be applied in a practically same place.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

9. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERTURE

URBAN FARMING ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Urban agriculture methods are restricted and limited in parts of Southeast Asia. As
a result, the researchers must provide insights into the subject. The researcher
must be aware of any existing knowledge on this topic that will aid future
researchers.

In this study, we examine the development of urban farming in Southeast Asia. We

identify the essential characteristics of this new sector in the following areas:
benefits of adopting urban farming, barriers to usage, and recommendations to
increase acceptance and use in the literature. The research into literature sources
is followed by three iterations of screening and filtering, which will be used in this
study.

In conclusion, urban agriculture in South East Asian regions is generating a variety

of features, some of which have helped areas that have adopted urban agriculture
to profit from its effects. In light of the data, it has supplied about the potential
effects of urban farming in Southeast Asian nations, the study is now crucial to the
project.

GLOBAL TRENDS AND CURRENT STATUS OF COMMERCIAL URBAN

ROOFTOP FARMING

Urban farming can be carried out in a variety of methods and with various types of
design. Utilizing a building's rooftop for farming is one method of conducting urban
farming.

The goal of this study was to examine existing commercial urban rooftop farming
(URF) techniques. URF is a good option for increasing food security in cities while
minimizing environmental effect. Instead of attempting to establish extensive
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

sustainable food production systems, the majority of URF activities have been
driven by social and educational considerations.

Urban farming has received some attention in the literature because to its potential,
but commercial activities are not the main focus. Urban farming can be divided into
two broad categories: soil-based open-air farms and hydroponic systems in
greenhouses. Although hydroponics is regarded as the primary technique for
producing commercial quantities of food in cities, there is still room for systematic
farm-building integration.

In conclusion, planning a roof-top farm can offer a variety of advantages, from

feeding the building's occupants to even helping to improve the environment.
Additionally, it describes many techniques for farming on rooftops, which can offer
additional methods for farming in an urban environment.

HYDROGEL APPLICATION IN URBAN FARMING

as urban agriculture is being popularized in recent years, buildings and

communities are then able to self-suffice a wide range of fresh vegetables. This
had then encouraged a sustainable system for food for users and people living
within urban areas. With this there are new products, materials, ways, and
techniques that people use to be able to farm within urban areas.

In this study it focuses on how urban agriculture adopted hydrogel. It looks upon
the potentials and constraint that hydrogel will have when used for urban
agriculture purposes. We outline the current state of knowledge on hydrogel
synthesis and crosslinking techniques, hydrogel properties, water absorption and
release processes of hydrogel, advantages and disadvantages of hydrogel, and
existing and potential uses in urban agriculture.

In conclusion, Hydrogel is a material that is looked upon to be used for urban

agriculture. It had presented advantages and disadvantages that it can possibly
had with farming in an urban setting.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

DESIGNING AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS IN RELATION TO THE

LANDSCAPE

An agricultural building can be formed into different kinds of structure. They can
be designed in a way which can complement the environment or be design into
something that focuses only for the function.

Within the context of the book the author outlines primary determinants for
agricultural building appearances and offers design guidelines that will improve the
visual influence of an agricultural building to a landscape. At the very end of the
design process, a decent appearance cannot be offered. It is firmly entrenched in
the conceptualization of the construction since it is the result of structural,
functional, and financial choices affected by an aesthetic purpose. Therefore,
buildings that must adhere to technical standards for cost and performance, such
as agricultural buildings, can pursue improved look without necessarily paying
additional costs.

In conclusion, an agricultural building (any type of building) must consider

guidelines recommendation, and regulation for it to function properly. With
following guidelines less error within the design can be made and even improve
the design in function and appearance.

URBAN FARMING CONSTRUCTION MODEL ON THE VERTICAL BUILDING

ENVELOPE TO SUPPORT THE GREEN BUILDINGS DEVELOPMENT IN
SLEMAN, INDONESIA

As cities and towns becoming more urbanize, spaces within these areas becomes
limited which causes for buildings to be design vertically. This can be seen from
buildings towering from cities around the world. With the rapid increase of buildings
on urban and as well as rural areas the idea of urban farming on vertical buildings
are been done.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

This study will analyze the urban farming construction model on vertical building
envelopes in Sleman Regency, Special District Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Along with the rising need for housing and public amenities, the building of vertical
structures in the Sleman neighborhood is expanding quickly. The aim of the study
is to encourage the development of green buildings within Sleman regency. The
amount of green space, including agricultural land, rice fields, and green open
space (RTH) has decreased in Sleman due to the city's rapid physical expansion.

Urban farming is a technique used in agriculture to address the issues of

agricultural land scarcity in urban settings. Urban farming is the model for vertical
building envelope construction of urban farmland. Without requiring any horizontal
ground area, the technique efficiently utilized the vertical space on the building
envelope, including wall and roof features and structure. In fact, the urban farming
building method will contribute to the greening of the urban area and reduce the
crisis of agricultural land problems.

In conclusion, vertical farms are the best option to practice urban farming,
especially with structures that have a vertical form or shape. It will also aid in
maximizing the utilization of spaces within a building and prevent the demand for
horizontal land area.

A DECISION SUPPORT FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN AND OPERATION

OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN FARMING SYSTEMS

Agricultural farming within urban setting will have a lot of factors to it that will affect
its function when it will be constructed. Having a system to control the function of
an agricultural farm within a building is something that can help urban farming to
function.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

Food security is a key component of sustainable development due to rising

population and ongoing urbanization. To meet the need for food, it is crucial to
create farming methods that are both economical and resource-efficient. The
development of circular economies and sustainable food production systems may
be facilitated by the use of renewable energy and waste valorization. the Idea is
based on a complete system model that accounts for the energy and material use
in vegetable production operations as well as the economic and environmental
performance of urban farming systems. In the multi-dimensional assessment
model, various urban agriculture system configurations were assessed for their net
present value, cradle-to-gate CO2 emission, water usage, and land occupation.
For the purpose of demonstrating the suggested framework, a study was
conducted on the construction and management of a vertical farm in Singapore.

In conclusion for an urban farm to be sustainable there are factors that the designer
must consider. This consideration can be how people will farm within the said
urban farm or even to how will this urban farm be efficient with plants and materials
used for the farm.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

REFERENCES

Ferrolino, M. L. (2019, may 14). Business World. Retrieved from

https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2019/05/14/230653/key- provincial-cities-
showing-strong-property-sector-growth/

Jinky Cabildo, K. S.-C. (2017, march 01). INQUIRER. Retrieved from

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/876377/many-farms-lost-to-land-conversion

The mendelian economists. (2017, February 13). Retrieved from the mendelian economists:
https://themendelianeconomists.wordpress.com/2017/02/13/8-problems-of- the-philippine-
agricultural-sector/?fbclid=IwAR0sV7TlxBau3vnZgMI1Vl0zT17BM-
GfEjqD7E5vZ_47RqisIXeNf4eoMiE

BetriTaufani. (2018). Urban Farming Construction Model on the Vertical Building Envelope to Support
the Green Buildings Development in Sleman, Indonesia. In Procedia Engineering (p. 7).

Buehler, D., & Junge, R. (2016). Global Trends and Current Status of Commercial Urban Rooftop Farming.
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Fazio, S. D. (1989). Designing agricultural buildings in relation to the landscape. In S. D. Fazio,

Agricultural Engineering (p. 700). London: CRC Press.

Li, L., Li, X., CliveChong, Chi-HwaWang, & Wang, X. (2020). A decision support framework for the design
and operation of sustainable urban farming systems. In Journal of Cleaner Production (p. 268).

Palanivelu, S. D., Armir, N. A., Zulkifli, A., Hair, A. H., Salleh, K. M., Lindsey, K., & Che-Othman, M. H.
(2022). Hydrogel Application in Urban Farming: Potentials and Limitations. 17.
 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

Salim, S. A., Alaa, M., Yusof, Z. M., Ibharim, L. F., Salim, S. H., & Hashim, F. (2019). Urban Farming
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Harada, K., Hino, K., Iida, A., Yamazaki, T., H. U., Asami, Y., & Yokohari, M. (2021). HOW DOES URBAN
FARMING BENEFIT PARTICIPANTS’ HEALTH? A CASE STUDY OF ALLOTMENTS AND EXPERIENCE FARMS IN
TOKYO. 13.

Hoops, G., Olshansky, H., Rosen, R., & Tavares, J. (2018). COPENHAGEN’S CASE FOR URBAN FARMING: A
FEASIBILITY STUDY. 97.

Matejowsky, T. (2013). BACKYARD AND COMMUNITY GARDENING IN THE URBAN PHILIPPINES: A CASE
STUDY FROM URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN. 22.

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