Additives A00822870
Additives A00822870
Additives A00822870
Introduction
During the toxicology course we have studied different aspects that are of utmost
importance for this discipline, however, we have reached a critical point in the program,
since we are on the verge of analyzing the risks, tests and procedures that must be followed
to approve the formulation, manufacture, distribution and use of products that we use every
day.
Products such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and even food have existed for
hundreds of years and have revolutionized the quality of life with which humans live, this is
why we use them in such a normalized way that we rarely stop to read each of this product’s
labels in order to realize the ingredients they contain, this should be a practice that we
should all take into account while buying, using and even ingesting these products.
Within the formulations of, if not all these goods, there are additives that can be
either natural or synthetic and that their main function is to add nutrients, maintain freshness,
extend shelf life or simply to make the product more attractive; however, many of these
ingredients have had to go through tests to verify that the concentration within the final
product is not toxic to the consumer, many of these are even regulated, while several others
have been banned for use over the years.
This is why we must understand the importance of knowing the possible risks that
this certain type of ingredients may represent for us consumers, since the exposure or
ingestion of these in specific concentrations can cause an acute or even a chronic
intoxication in our system. Nevertheless, we must remember that despite the additives or
active ingredients found in these products have been approved, each body can react
differently to the concentration of these and in some scenarios these can cause some type
of adverse reaction to certain people, even when their use has been found to be safe.
Objectives
1.- Describe the uses of additives found in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
2.- Describe the relationship between hormones and toxicity.
3.- Understand the relationship between the LD50 of these additives and the level of
safety attributed to them.
4.- Raise awareness within the team members about the use of additives and the use
that is being given within products that we use and even ingest every day.
Results
In the next section results that were obtained during the elaboration of this report will
be presented, as well as the discussion of them and the interpretation of these to understand
the relationship that exists between toxicology itself and the additives of various products
that were investigated .
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a) Results
Pharmaceutical Additives
Pharmaceutical products have been around for more than 100 years, improving the
quality of life of humans allowing us to get through illness and diseases, however, many of
the additives that these products contain have been tested for possible toxicity to ensure that
they are not harmful to humans. In the first sheet of the following excel document
Additives.xlsx a description of 6 additives that are used today in pharmaceutical products
is presented.
Cosmetics
Like pharmaceutical products, cosmetics have served to improve the quality of life of
humans and are used on a daily basis by millions of people, however, few are those who
read the labels to see the ingredients they contain. In the second sheet of the Excel
document Additives.xlsx a brief description of 6 additives that are usually used in
cosmetics is presented, while making emphasis on their acute and chronic toxicity. For this
part, additives were extracted from the formulation of Ponds C’s cream.
Hormone Toxicology
Hormones have been used in animals in the food industry in order to develop growth
improvement, but also, hormones have been used by humans to help regulate the body's
processes, like hunger, blood pressure, and sexual desire. A bad use of these products can
have adverse effects in public health. In the third sheet of the Excel document
Additives.xlsx a description of 6 hormones that are used for human consumption or in
the poultry industry is provided.
b) Discussion
Although the LD50 of most of the additives consulted supposes a very high
concentration for one of us to be exposed to it, it is important to know this parameter since
misuse of these products can lead to an acute toxicity, it might not be as severe in order to
represent an immediate danger to us such as exceeding the concentration proposed by the
LD50, but other symptoms such as those described in the tables presented above may
appear in consumers. Effects such as irritation and sensitivity often go unnoticed since they
have been normalized, however we must raise awareness as this is an indication of an acute
toxicity. Other symptoms might include drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, and even depression
if the concentrations of these additives exceed some established parameters.
As for the relationship between the dose, exposure, and duration of exposure and the
level of safety attributed to them, we must understand that each additive works in a different
way and that is why they have been put to the test in various toxicological studies, both
acute and chronic, so that their use does not cause adverse effects in humans, we as well
have to take in note that even though this information is available to the public and the
additives presented have been approved for use in formulations of different products or
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additives in products that we ingest, each body is different and adverse reactions may be
present in some special cases.
Conclusions
Beyond knowing the ingredients that these products contain, we should inform
ourselves of the possible damages that they may cause us immediately or in the long term,
since misuse or prolonged exposure to certain additives can cause us irreversible damage. I
was able to deep further in the relationship among these products and the toxicology
material that has been covered until this point of the semester while carrying out this activity,
in the same way, familiarizing myself with parameters such as LD50 was of great importance
because in this way we are more aware that some of these ingredients can cause a simple
irritation at the time of smear it on our skin, and that other additives pose a higher risk to
such an extent that they can harm human reproduction.
I deeply believe this should be of importance to all people, since it affects us all and
most of us use in our day to day products that include additives in their formulations.
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