HEALTH PROMOTION  Sleep patterns

 Playful activity to stimulate development

 Immunization
Introduction
 Safety promotion and injury
 Health promotion is an important component of
nursing practice CHILDREN
 It is a way of thinking that revolves around a  Nutrition
philosophy of wholeness, wellness and well-
 Dental check-up
being.
 Rest and exercise
Definition  Immunizations
 Health promotion as a “behavior motivated by  Safety promotion and injury control
the desire to increase wellbeing and actualize
human health potential” ADOLECENTS
 Health promotion is a process of enabling people  Communicating with the teen
to increase control over the determinants of  Hormonal changes
health and their by improve their health.  Nutrition
 Exercise and rest
Programs or Health Promotion  Peer group influences
 Self-concept and body image
 Information dissemination  Sexuality
 Health risk appraisal and wellness assessment  Safety promotion and accidental prevention
 Lifestyle and behavioral change
 Environmental and control programs ELDERS
 Adequate sleep
Nurses Role in Health Promotion  Appropriate use of alcohol
 Model healthy lifestyle behaviors and attitudes  Dental/oral health
 Facilitate client involvement in the assessment,  Drug management
implementation and evaluation of health goal.  Exercise
 Teach client health care strategies to enhance  Foot health
fitness improve nutrition, manage stress and  Health screening
enhance relationships.  Hearing aid use
 Assist individuals, families and communities to  Safety precautions
increase their levels of health.  Weight control etc.
 Educate client to be effective health care
consumers. Prevention
 Assist clients, families, and communities to - The management of those factors that could lead to
develop and choose health promoting options. disease so as to prevent the occurrence of disease.
 Guide clients development in effective problem
solving and decision making. Goal:
 Reinforce clients personal and family health  To maintain optimal health by preventing
promoting behaviors disease
 Advocate in the community for changes that
promote a healthy environment.

HEALTH PROMOTION TOPICS

INFANTS
 Infant parent attachment/bonding
 Breastfeeding
 PRIMODIAL PREVENTION

Definition: It is the prevention of emergence of risk

factors in population in which they have not get
appeared.
Interventions: Individual and mass health education

PRIMARY PREVENTION

Definition: Primary prevention can be defined as action

taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the
possibility that a disease will ever occur. HEALTH EDUCATION
Strategy:
 Population (mass) strategy A process aimed at encouraging people want to be
 High risk strategy healthy, to know how to say healthy, to do what they can
Interventions: individually and collectively to maintain health, and to
- General health promotion: seek help when needed.
 Health education By: alma Ata declaration
 Environmental modification.
 Nutritional interventions.  Health education is the process by which people
 Lifestyle and behavioral changes. change their habits, attitudes and knowledge and
Specific protection: choose the path leading to better health.
 Immunization (BCG, DPT, MMR Vaccine)  Health education aims of bridging the gulf
 Chemoprophylaxis (tetracycline for cholera, between the health knowledge and health
dapsone for leprosy, chloroquinine for malaria) practices of the people.
 Use of specific nutrients (vitamin A for children,
Aims of Health Education
iron and folic acid for pregnant mothers)
 Protection against accidents (use of helmet,
 The aim of Health education is to help people to
seatbelt etc.)
achieve health by their own actions and efforts.
 Protection against occupational hazards
The WHO has stated the aims of health education as
 Avoidance of allergens follows:
 Protection from air pollution  To ensure that health is valued as an asset to the
community.
 To equip the people with skills, knowledge and
attitudes to enable them to solve their health
problems by their own actions and efforts.
SECONDARY PREVENTION
 To promote the development and proper use of
health services
Definition: The action which halts the progress of a
disease at its incipient stage and complications.  Health education is most important tool of
Intervention: community health
 Early detection  It aims at breaking down barriers of ignorance,
prejudice and misconceptions and providing
 Prompt treatment
learning experiences which favorably influence
habits, attitudes and knowledge relating to
TERTIARY PREVENTION
individuals, family and community health
Definition: All measures available to reduce or limit
Changing concept
impairment and disabilities, minimize suffering caused
by existing departures from good health and to promote
the patient adjustment irremediable conditions.  Prevention
Interventions: life style
 Disability limitation  The
behavior
 Rehabilitation
to
 modification of social environment in which the - The health educator should set a good example in life
individual live. things.
 Community participation to community
involvement. Good human relation
 Promotion of individuals and community self- - Sharing of information, ideas, and feelings happen
reliance. most easily between people who have a good
relationship.
Scope of health education
Feedback
 Preventing disease - For effective communication feedback is necessary.
 Promoting health
 Curative report (drug, diet, rest etc.) Leaders
 Rehabilitation and follow-up - We learn best from people whom we respect and
regard.
 Utilizing the services
 National health programmes
Areas of health education
 Human biology
Principles of health education
 Nutrition
Credibility  Hygiene 1.personal 2.environmental
- It is the degree to which the message to be  Care of mother and children
communicated is perceived as trustworthy by the  Prevention of communicable disease
receiver  Mental health
 Prevention of accidents
Interest  Use of health services
- It is psychological principle that people are unlikely to
listen to those things which are not to their interest. Methods of health education

 Individuals methods
Participation 1. Interviews
- Health education should aim at encouraging people to 2. Dialogues
work actively with health worker and others in 3. Interpersonal communication
identifying their own health problems and also in 4. Counseling
developing solutions and plan to work them out.
 Group methods
Motivation 1. One way methods: lecturer, films, charts. Flannel
- Awakening the desire is called motivation graph, exhibits and flash cards
2. Two way methods: Group discussions, panel
Comprehension discussions, symposium, work shop, role play,
- In health education we must know the level of demonstration, programmed instructions.
understanding, education and literacy of people to whom
the teaching is directed. Methods of health education

Reinforcement  Public/community approach method

- Repeating at interval is necessary 1. Posters
2. Press
Learning by doing 3. Health magazines
- “If I hear, I forget; 4. Films
If I see, I remember; 5. Radios
If I do, I know.” 6. Television
7. Heath exhibitions
Known to unknown 8. Health museums
- From particular to general, simple to emote
complicated.

Setting an example SCHOOL HEALTH NURSING

SCHOOL  Impart health information and conduct health
- School is defined as an educational institution where education on various aspects of healthful living
group of pupils pursue defined studies at defined level, in school, home and community.
receive instruction from one or more teachers, frequently  Prevent communicable and non-communicable
interact with other officers and employees such as disease.
principal, various supervisors, maintenance staff etc,  Identify and treat any
usually housed in a single building. abnormalities/defects/diseases as early as
possible and do the necessary referral and follow
SCHOOL HEALTH up.
- School health refers to the state of complete physical,  Involve teacher, student and their parents in the
mental and spiritual well being and not merely absence management of health aspects.
of diseases or infirmity among pupils, teachers and other  Help the teachers and children make
school personnel. constructive and protective use of co-curricular
and extracurricular activities.
SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES
- It refers to the need based comprehensive services
rendered to pupils, teachers and other personnel in the
school to promote protect their health and prevent and
control disease and maintain health. COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG
SCHOOL CHILDREN

 Dental Problems
NEED FOR SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES  Malnutrition
 GI Problems
 School children constitute a vital and substantial  Skin problem
segment of the population.  Vision problems
 School children are the vulnerable section of the  Respiratory problems
population by virtue of their physical mental  Behavioral problems
emotional and social growth and development  Other problems
during this period.
 School children are exposed to various stressful PRINCIPLES
situations. These situations may cause mental
problems, negative attitude, affect growth and  Be based on health needs of the school children
 Children coming to school belong to different  Be planned in coordination with school health
socio economic and cultural backgrounds which personnel, parents and community people.
affect their health and nutritional status and  A school health council need to be set up to
require help and guidance in promoting facilitate coordination among them to plan and
protecting and maintain their health and implement school health services.
nutritional status.  Be part of community health services.
 Children in school age are prone to get specific  Emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects
health problem. Various acute and chronic  Emphasis on health education to promote,
conditions which can be encountered during protect, improve and maintain health of children
health period. and staff rather health education should be
integrated in regular school curriculum.
AIM & OBJECTIVES
 Emphasis on learning through active and
desirable participation.
AIM
 Be ongoing and continuous programme.
- To protect, promote and maintain health of school
children and reduce morbidity and mortality in them.  Have an effective system of record keeping and
reporting.
OBJECTIVES
COMPONENTS
 Create health consciousness among school
health children their parents and teachers.
Health promotive and protective services
 Provide healthy and safe environment which is
 Wholesome school environment
conducive comprehensive development of
children.  Maintenance of personal hygiene
  Nutritional services THE CHILDREN
 Recreational activities  Learn values of medical and health examination,
 Mental health of children personal hygiene, good nutrition, environmental
 Health education sanitation etc.
 Immunization  Co-operate in various aspects of school health
programme.
Therapeutic measures  Develop positive habits and healthful living
 Health appraisal activities as educated upon
 Extend this knowledge to other members of the
 Treatment and follow-up
family and neighborhood etc.
 First aid and emergency care

THE MEDICAL OFFICER

Rehabilitative Services
 Making diagnosis
 Prescribe the treatment
SCHOOL HEALTH RECORDS
 Making referral to the specialist
 Ensuring follow up of the children
SCHOOL HEALTH TEAM
 Initiating promotive and preventive programme
 Inspection of school environment and sanitation
THE PRINCIPAL
 Holding meetings with parents and teachers
 Set-up a school health committee
 Ensuring maintenance of records and reports.
 Approval for school health programme
 Evaluation of programme
 Ensure teachers training.
 Ensure maintenance of health records
THE SCHOOL NURSE
 Ensure the parents participation in child care
 Health promotion and specific protection
 Early diagnosis and treatment
THE SCHOOL TEACHER
 Prevention of complications and rehabilitation
 Daily inspection of children
 Liaison activities
 Daily observation of children
 Co-ordination
 Help in control communicable diseases
 Evaluation
 Referral of children
 Training and guidance
 Informing parents about maintain follow up
 Maintenance of record
 Giving first aid emergency care

THE PARENTS
 Providing information regarding past and
present history of medical problems and
immunization status.
 Participate and co-operate in physical, medical
examination of children
 Help in correction of defects
 Involved in planning, implementation and
evaluation of school health programme.

THE COMMUNITY
 Providing suitable land for school building
 Providing funds and labor in building proper
school
 Participation ins school health committees and
contributes the information activities
 Participation and implementation of programme
activities
 Motivating parents to end their children to the
school and take care of their health.