YPy Acad eg artefsrat A ready reckoner for Home Dwellers... echt abate Issued in public interest wegta anger wae ofa VSL. WaT U1 aHaxsin Gea, ag feeeh-110029, aT GRAM: +91-11-26701770 thers : +91-11-26701729 AaeTS = www.ndma.gov.in National Disaster Management Authority NDMA Bhawan A-1, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi-110 029, India Phone : +91-11-26701770 Fax : +91-11-26701729 Website : www.ndma.gov.in tlre™Wepuy aaa eq artfefstet An Earthquake Preparedness G Praftrat & fore arearfern frdferet (A ready reckoner for Home Dwellers)... cot te foot agit > gr aed weag a sorre fra & Re aaa a ait a ag Et ait &, afar oreetart earect & are Bit By ent Bar F errr 60% onic Aree apie omar & afta erat a seni at ara 81 eer ard THT a ae at aT HB, Aor geh eave eh exer Pretfor ah eerer Teaterat ane ane Oa arr a eter a Paver BT a wT at wad 81 onaere arta EB fore wee araftar & fire ae yfrantt srt onttard @ Pe age aay char 8, eieanait oe Peat eet are aor war et &, acernemee geen Og ar ot ae Pare saa va & ot ae ant fe ow aay a ved, sab aert oi sab az Fr area By oir cercar & qaterdt & gS yer B at a aakeat er fatera et % fore ae APfeteaer wp ded ered B wr H Gar gart Be 1. xpao ger Brat B? What is an earthquake? Past earthquakes in our country brought home the harsh reality that earthquakes don’t kill people, unsafe buildings do. About 60% of the land area of our country is susceptible to damaging levels of seismic hazard. We can’t avoid future earthquakes, but preparedness and safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the extent of damage and loss. To take necessary action it is mandatory for every citizen to have elementary knowledge of what is an earthquake, forces acting on structures, remedial measures to be taken for structural safety and knowledge of what to do before, during and after an earthquake, This sensitize ci ruide will serve as a reference tool to ns about the issues concerning preparedness measures for an earthquake. Wie yet a ade oa a at ae wet St ca aha} aret dyed SA art sat, waa @ at ge wore & seeing a $ret eat ea BF ‘The surface of earth These plat sare Prfad eet six ont 4 atere ae & ee ee ee nee wa a Geri & ae geo far aa & Due to this movement of plates the energy stored is suddenly released when rocks get crushed under stress and spreads in the form of waves inside the ground creating earthquakes $< toe -ifprmennnnaerwet ot afer afta ar saat oat a Pri Movement of Plates Building of stress Release of Energy St afeeba Set at ot oe wer ovale aire B aren gear et om & free ofeoreed aft fens A aed a soa eet F1 ‘At the joint of two interacting plates the rocks get crushed under great stress causing earthquake waves in all directions. 2. Saredt ait fear wrevit & afer Arat B? What causes damage to the building? wate Sa ue eat Bl SterT-steTT z a Ser one & Ground shaking generally decreases ___asit spreads “aft sor ag Pet Fo ae on & Ground shaking increases in soft soil wre 1 sere at } are af % aoa dar & ‘Sudden fault movement creates ground shaking eeeSZ LOIS LETTE EZ LHEE SLO5 aus St wa set ah ear safe) ea wee aga & ener Afr at eared a fat aca Bx & fet oe up ate Set Gear ect Bi Bi ea oedéta afr & fem eared at fade yey } ama AY ai ae 21 eq @ feqigs eer Star 21 Imagine a sheet of cloth. By shaking it at one Because of the wave, horizontal force acts on end, a wave is formed. This is what happens in the building. For this sideways movement the an earthquake. building has to be specifically designed. area: Saat ar ae saga Art opis at ie slpralb a ceed ar ae sie oret @1 at gare at eat ga ae art ant A aad ae 8, at at os % fee dare at ont B1 want #, ae amet ¥ dea ge A aad FI Normally the weight of the building travels. Crack, and in some cases failures, occur if the vertically down to the ground. All buildings are shape, material and details of the construction designed for this weight are not adequate to withstand sideways shaking 3. fairer weaarcare vonitet : un gferardt arefeferar Different structural systems: a Basic Guide a aes de waft tate (yoFo) a ATaAT Load Bearing Structure Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) Frame structure tpNS SJ) BS We Ho Fo RH Gta | aH | aT Fo Fo Ha eT Simple R.C. frame R.C. frame structure nem Gag } we ‘structure zat with Podium Mid-rise Flats 4. yao & dere wer rar B? What Happens during an earthquake? A ae aes Aaa Load bearing Structure Towers 1 A 3 nom Sag % fe Mid rise flats at aed wet at drat wa were aaa Sea A far arch &1 sa aaa ar waa waite fag Fige bullding/ upstairs ‘stay inside. Do not panic/stay caim and take necessary action. sere sa werd tea we Bat geet BA et Aer fret & eat Foye at ot If you are on a steep hillside, move away in case of landslides and falling rocks. amfegges ree et If you are near an exit, leave the building as soon 25 possible. Do not rush to the exit point, Get out calmly in an orderly manner, Rat ont site oe ot 14 ord areq were) see He at arer When driving a vehicle pull ta the side of the road and stop. wag! [Hold] During earthquakes, drop to the floor, take cover un- der a sturdy desk or table, and hold on to it so that it doesn’t move away from you. Wait there until the shaking stops. td on fae /ociiter seater seh 4% Do not use elevators. After the shaking stops, take the staircase to react open a fo Font af ont, oi, fart, stages anh eared wrest aia, 2x, fer ara a a om ‘astral sar PIS eT Stay away from A cians Tat mT aA buildings with glass aes & ax at oe Panes: Move avay from power lines, posts, walls, false ceiling, parepet, falling flower pots and Other elements that may fall or, collapse. Do not attempt to cross bridges/flyovers, Which may have been damaged. frst10. ssa & are gar fear wire? What to do AFTER an earthquake? eet ara a wi at aba at at ofa Checklist of DO’s and DON’Ts oe ara of Do's © art wr a aia at sie ore tar at at se Praifaet et Check for fire and, if any, have it controlled. = ont cen facet a aerit args at ore at f vt ae aot a ae ong B1 Check your water and electrical lines for defects. * affa_seq fac @ aaa & for fat gt uty carn, oeticht wh saerasier erat er are aE) Clean up household chemical spills, toxic and flammable materials to avoid any chain of unwanted events. * Jee & aati at Yea } afte eras gern wet rae ort at Gather information and necessary instructions from battery operated radio + aduits gen uefa ar get Fe) Obey Public safety precautions. © opr sree fer star at ereit ear atari & dt ca wae freee se ot Pe ona wef oT xe EI Leave @ message stating where you are going if you must evacuate your residence. "ont arr gay aroha Pee @ ond Take your earthquake survival kit with you. + eet oma car oie orem & fare weit creas Ge amber St ane Ie should contain all necessary items for your protection and comfort. wa om ara ort DON'Ts * aires eq & after carct A ae veh ati ae % om geal @ gad a ate afa a aad & cen pie dtr se wadt B1 Don't enter partially damaged bulldings. Strong aftershocks can cause further damage to the buildings and weak structures may collapse. = fecart car drei at ae act a fae arr eee seta wet at, Fact fafa cer % fer, GT FEL Don't use your telephone to call relatives and friends, call only for medical help. * aftrer aa H gatas 4 fare orm gafear ates are geait Fé aL as cd wen wat & fare rar 8g aaa A oravraen ett B1 Don't use your two-wheelet/car to drive around the areas of damage. Rescue and relief operations need the road for mobility, we we Se TIT aA Oe Nee Te we Ra Me, a Ae TT 7 a oe, ae Te Until your building is declared safe, or, repairs have been complete: 1. fate eat ar gh ove A wat at Do not fill the overhead tank completely. 2. aed @ vem wil aT) Sac ever gehifray st Fata A aeHa ari Par oF ae) Do not carry out haphazard repairs. Repairs should be done only under the supervision of @ structural engineer, 3.0 te ad ara eae Schftar & ariesia & fee afaftat once vet ore Do not put additional supports without the guidance of an experienced/qualified structural engineer. 4.0 faye aa arr oa cd sae a Pee ot am ferge gerrer Tet aE Do not use the lift until it has been checked and certified by the lift company. pp 1511. Ge Hevagof weer Some Important Facts sgt an gaigae carn daa adi &1 opal a ae Gt ar Te Gan ae Prediction of earthquakes is not possible. Do not listen to or, spread rumours. soe 9 aed wr of onan Ta arr: oe & aed ofiee oo ei HAE cen AA wat a ora 81 Expect aftershocks. Aftershocks are normally less intense and gradually die out. ad atta @ aah % fae eee Gedo on ieee aan oa 8 ear aT afer eat varie, faaaeen ote ariaia dita Ga Hodge Er Long term strengthening or, retrofitting must be done to avoid future failures. The technology, expertise and the codes of practice for this exist in the country. = oo ae 45 F gag ofetes asa sf afakad apa Re eae & fem 46% six wafer sate surat (4a srifren) & fem 86% arin The extra cost of earthquake resistant features in severe earthquake zone for masonry buildings shall be 4-6 % and for R.C. buildings (4-8 storeys) would be 5-6 %. «ag gard 4 ago slates fae at afaftad are & eg 9 oa A aes F fee foot wat at ag card } getaer F283 gn ates ame ore Retrofitting of buildings not initially designed for earthquake will cost 2 to 3 times as much as the extra cost of the earthquake resistant features in the new buildings. ATA (References) = 1. ig Ae ¢ ae ae - om orld cent ote fad tad, ME. aencrere Going Back to Your Home - An Earthquake Primer for City Owellers, CEPT Ahmedabad 2. arate feat story — oer gather gare Public Information Toolkit - Marikina Safety Program poe ee Ceo LE cory This zone is susceptible to earthquakes that can be felt by all and may frighten people enough to run outdoors. Dishes and glassware break, books fall down, heavy furniture u gets moved. Few instances of fallen plaster and some damage to buildings may also be observed. (Intensity: I to VI) In Zone IIT, earthquakes of higher intensity may be felt. Earthquakes that frightens everyone, making it difficult for people to stand. Even people in moving vehicles may feel 1 such quakes, Structures/buildings of good design and construction suffer slight damage, while poorly designed /built ones suffer considerable damages. (Intensity: VII) This zone is susceptible to strong earthquakes, which create panic all over, moving even heavy furniture. Such earthquakes could cause moderate damage in well designed/built structures/buildings, while poorly built structures suffer great damages. Other effects could be landslides on steep slopes, cracks in ground up to widths of a few centimetres and'water in lakes could become turbid. (Intensity: VILL) ‘This Is the maximum risk zone in the country and is susceptible to great earthquakes. Quakes that can cause total panic and considerable damage to life and property. Considerable damages happen even in specially designed structures. Great damage in buildings with partial or total collapse. Railway tracks bend and roadways get damaged; ground cracks to widths of several cm, underground pipes break, landslides, rockfalls and mud flows occur, large waves in water. Where intensities exceed XI, total destruction may be caused with changes in landscape that could even change the courses of rivers. (Intensity: 1X and above) "intensity i here considered a classification of the severity of the ground shaking on the basis of absarved effects in a limited area and i= measured in the MSK Seale ranging from { to Xl el 16ag. Ge. 1893, aT 1,, 2002 & ayarte eda eit MAP OF INDIA SHOWING * SEISMIC ZONEs of INDIA as per IS 1893 part-I, 2002 LEGEND TS zonen ZONE® set Gah thaar XA atts a one 8, wer yofegen A aeera Barer ge fame at fore oft or mI cee eer ter Bi (for? De ohe See ea) Yuet aw at qe dike Ga # Ba ag owrat & gous oe gf ass A sels ar atiger set wer Bow GTS. A eA See MI ae A Aer Haver ren BiIssued by: waste age wae sifeeaxr WS. FT U1 awaxsin Ganda, org fErefi-110029, sea SEAN: $91-11-26701770 Shae = +91-11-26701729 AaEMEE | wew.ndma.govin National Disaster Management Authority. NOMA Bhawan ‘AA, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi-110 029, Indi: Phone ; #91-11-26701770 Fax : #91-11-26701729 Website : www.ndma.gov.in dae, fSargq Gd faaer Concept, Design and Illustrations by SMT GSE Bi BEY BE Jnananjan Pandacnd Anup Karanth Hpfesl4 Prepared under the guidance of WPA site FOI ir — Professor Anand S. Arya wesri seHT Bee National Seismic Advisor ast ais daetheer sphaet sheer [UEVRP] % sits fare sre care — dgaa ag Pere wrchon onaer ater meer ofthe Prepared under the URBAN EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY REDUCTION PROJECT [UEVRP] Gol — UNDP Disaster Risk Management Programme