Trench Rescue Technician 2021 Cts Guide

Trench Rescue
(NFPA 1006: Trench Rescue

Awareness/Operations/Technician)
Certification Training Standards Guide (2021)
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection

Office of the State Fire Marshal
State Fire Training
Trench Rescue
Certification Training Standards Guide (2021)
Publication Date: November 2022
This CTS guide utilizes the following NFPA standards to provide the qualifications for State Fire
Training’s Trench Rescue (2021) certification:
• NFPA 1006: Standard for Technical Rescue Personnel Professional Qualifications (2021)
State Fire Training coordinated the development of this CTS guide. Before its publication, the
Statewide Training and Education Advisory Committee (STEAC) and the State Board of Fire
Services (SBFS) recommended this CTS guide for adoption by the Office of the State Fire
Marshal (OSFM).
Cover photo courtesy of Chris Johns, Firefighter, Orange County Fire Authority.
Published by State Fire Training.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 1
How to Read a CTS Guide ............................................................................................................... 2
Trench Rescue................................................................................................................................. 4
Section 1: Awareness................................................................................................................ 4
1-1: Interviewing Witnesses ............................................................................................... 4
1-2: Facilitating a Non-Entry Rescue or Victim Self-Rescue................................................ 5
1-3: Identifying Hazardous Areas........................................................................................ 6
1-4: Sizing Up a Trench Rescue Incident ............................................................................. 7
1-5: Recognizing Incident Hazards and Initiating Isolation Procedures ............................. 8
1-6: Recognizing the Need for Technical Rescue Resources ............................................ 10
1-7: Supporting an Operations- or Technician-level Incident........................................... 11
1-8: Standards and Regulations ........................................................................................ 12
Section 2: Operations.............................................................................................................. 13
2-1: Identifying Potential Hazards to Victims and Rescuers............................................. 13
2-2: Implementing a Hazard Control Plan ........................................................................ 15
2-3: Developing a Shoring Plan for a Nonintersecting Trench ......................................... 17
2-4: Implementing a Trench Shoring Plan for a Nonintersecting Trench......................... 19
2-5: Releasing a Victim from Soil Entrapment in a Nonintersecting Trench .................... 21
2-6: Removing a Victim from a Trench ............................................................................. 23
2-7: Disassembling Support Systems ................................................................................ 24
2-8: Terminating a Technical Rescue Operation............................................................... 26
Section 3: Technician .............................................................................................................. 27
3-1: Developing a Shoring Plan for an Intersecting Trench .............................................. 27
3-2: Implementing a Trench Shoring Plan for an Intersecting Trench.............................. 29
3-3: Developing a Shoring Plan for a Trench More than 8 Feet Deep.............................. 31
3-4: Implementing a Trench Shoring Plan for a Trench More than 8 Feet Deep ............. 33
3-5: Supporting an Intersecting Trench as a Member of a Team..................................... 35
3-6: Installing Supplemental Sheeting and Shoring Below an Existing Approved Shoring
System............................................................................................................................... 37
3-7: Utilizing Spot Shoring Techniques to Support Soil .................................................... 39
3-8: Constructing Load Stabilization Systems................................................................... 41
3-9: Lifting a Load with a Trench Tool Kit ......................................................................... 42
3-10: Coordinating Heavy Equipment Use........................................................................ 43
3-11: Releasing a Victim from Entrapment....................................................................... 44
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgements
State Fire Training appreciates the hard work and accomplishments of those who built the solid
foundation on which this program continues to grow.
State Fire Training gratefully acknowledges the following individuals and organizations for their
diligent efforts and contributions that made the development and publication of this document
possible.
CAL FIRE
• Joe Tyler, Director
• Mike Richwine, State Fire Marshal
• Andrew Henning, Assistant Deputy Director: Fire and Life Safety, State Fire Training,
Code Development and Analysis
• (Vacant), Chief of State Fire Training
• John Binaski, Chair, Statewide Training and Education Advisory Committee (STEAC);
Chief, Clovis Fire Department
Cadre – 2022 Curriculum Development

Leadership
• Joe Bunn, Cadre Lead, Fire Service Training Specialist III, (Retired) CAL FIRE
• Chris Fowler, Cadre Lead, Deputy State Fire Marshal III, Supervisor, CAL FIRE
• Allison L. Shaw, Editor, Sacramento State
Members
• Aide Barbat, Battalion Chief, San Diego Fire-Rescue Department
• Greg Belk, Deputy Chief, CAL FIRE
• Aaron Finigan, Firefighter, Alameda County Fire Department
• Chris Johns, Firefighter, Orange County Fire Authority
• Thomas Koutrouba, Engineer/Paramedic, San Marcos Fire Department
• Brook Mancinelli, Lieutenant, San Francisco Fire Department
• Ryan Primosch, Apparatus Operator, Los Angeles City Fire Department
• Robert Stine, Training Manager, San Bernardino County Fire Department
Published November 2022 Page 1 of 45

How to Read a CTS Guide
Overview
A certification training standard (CTS) guide lists the requisite knowledge, skills, and job
performance requirements an individual must complete to become certified in a specific job
function.
It also documents and justifies the OSFM-approved revisions to the certification’s NFPA
standard and identifies where each certification training standard is taught (course plan), tested
(skill sheets), and validated (task book).
Individuals aspiring to meet State Fire Training’s certification training standards must do so in
accordance with the codes, standards, regulations, policies, and standard operating procedures
applicable within their own agency or jurisdiction.
Format
Each certification training standard is comprised of eight sections.
Section Heading
Training standards are grouped by section headings that describe a general category. For
example, the Fire Fighter 1 CTS guide includes the following section headings: NFPA
Requirements, Fire Department Communications, Fireground Operations, and Preparedness
and Maintenance.
Training Standard Title

The training standard title provides a general description of the performance requirement
contained within the individual standard.
Authority
The CTS guide references each individual standard with one or more paragraphs of the
corresponding National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Professional Qualifications. This
ensures that each fire service function within California's certification system meets or exceeds
NFPA standards.
When California requirements exceed the NFPA standard, the CTS guide cites the Office of the
State Fire Marshal as the authority and prints the corresponding information in italics.
Job Performance Requirements

This segment includes a written statement that describes a specific job-related task, the items
an individual needs to complete the task, and measurable or observable outcomes.

Requisite Knowledge
This segment lists the knowledge that an individual must acquire to accomplish the job
performance requirement.
Requisite Skills
This segment lists the skills that an individual must acquire to accomplish the job performance
requirement.
Content Modification
This table documents and justifies any revisions to the NFPA standard that the development or
validation cadres make during the development of a CTS guide.
Cross Reference
This table documents where each training standard is taught (course plan), tested (skill sheets),
and validated (task book).

Trench Rescue (2021)
Section 1: Awareness
Trench Rescue Technician
1-1: Interviewing Witnesses
Authority
1. NFPA 1006: Standard for Technical Rescue Personnel Professional Qualifications (2021)
• Paragraph 12.1.1
Job Performance Requirement

Interview any witness or “competent person,” given a specific trench collapse incident, so that
potential for rapid, nonentry rescue or victim self-rescue is recognized.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe the need to secure “competent person” or witness
2. Identify signs and evidence of victim involvement, number, and location
Requisite Skills
1. Determine severe environmental conditions with implications for secondary collapse and
victim survivability
2. Use interview techniques
Block Modification Justification
RS2 Added “use”. NFPA did not provide a verb.
Cross Reference
Course Plan Training Record Task Book
Trench Rescue Trench Rescue Trench Rescue Technician (2021)
Technician (2021) Technician (2021) Instructor Task Book
• Topic 4-3 • Skill 2 • JPR 10

1-2: Facilitating a Non-Entry Rescue or Victim Self-Rescue
Authority

Facilitate a non-entry rescue or victim self-rescue, given a trench collapse incident, tools used
for self-rescue, and the rescue area and general area are made safe, so that the non-entry and
self-rescue tactics can be initiated.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Understand mechanics and extent of collapse effects
2. Describe the need to brief rescuers
3. Describe criteria for rapid, non-entry rescues
Requisite Skills
1. Implement non-entry rescue and self-rescue tactics
2. Select and deploy tools used to facilitate non-entry and self-rescue
3. Reduce imposed loads at or near the lip of the trench
Cross Reference
Course Plan Training Task Book
Record
Trench Rescue Technician Trench Rescue Technician (2021) Instructor
(2021) N/A Task Book
• Topic 6-1 • JPR 20

1-3: Identifying Hazardous Areas
Authority

Identify hazardous areas specific to a trench environment, given a trench collapse incident, so
that the scene is secured, hazards are managed, and an approach path to the trench is
identified.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Identify areas at risk for increased likelihood of collapse
2. Identify general collapse patterns of trenches
3. Describe methods of bridging and weight distribution
4. Describe securing of scenes
5. Describe tactics for approaching the trench while minimizing the likelihood of collapse
Requisite Skills
1. Identify areas of high risk for additional collapse
2. Select and deploy tools or materials for bridging or weight distribution
3. Communicate high-risk areas to other responders
Cross Reference
Trench Rescue Technician Trench Rescue Trench Rescue Technician (2021)
(2021) Technician (2021) Instructor Task Book
• Topic 3-3 (RK1, RK2, • Skill 5 • JPR 13
RS1)
• Topic 4-6 (RK3, RK4,
RK5, RS2, RS3)

1-4: Sizing Up a Trench Rescue Incident
Authority

Size up a trench rescue incident, given background information and applicable reference
materials, so that the scope of the rescue is determined, the number of victims is identified, the
last reported location of all the victims is established, witnesses and reporting parties are
identified and interviewed, resource needs are assessed, primary search parameters are
identified, and information required to develop an initial incident action plan is obtained.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Identify types of reference materials and their uses
2. Identify availability and capability of the resources
3. Identify elements of an incident action plan and related information
4. Describe the relationship of the size-up to the incident management system
5. Identify information gathering techniques and how that information is used in the size-up
process
6. Describe basic search criteria for trench rescue incidents
Requisite Skills
1. Read technical rescue reference materials
2. Gather information
3. Use interview techniques
4. Relay information
5. Use information-gathering sources
Cross Reference

1-5: Recognizing Incident Hazards and Initiating Isolation Procedures
Authority

Recognize incident hazards and initiate isolation procedures, given scene control barriers,
personal protective equipment (PPE), requisite equipment, and available specialized resources,
so that all hazards are identified; resource application fits the operational requirements; hazard
isolation is considered; risks to rescuers, bystanders, and victims are minimized; and rescue
time constraints are taken into account.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe resource capabilities and limitations
2. Describe types and nature of incident hazards
3. Identify equipment types and their use
4. Describe isolation terminology, methods, equipment, and implementation
5. Identify operational requirement concerns
6. Describe common types of rescuer and victim risks
7. Describe risk/benefit analysis methods and practices
8. Describe hazard recognition, isolation methods, and terminology
9. Describe methods for controlling access to the scene
10. Identify types of technical references
Requisite Skills
1. Identify resource capabilities and limitations
2. Identify incident hazards
3. Assess potential hazards to rescuers and bystanders
4. Place scene control barriers
5. Operate control and mitigation equipment

Cross Reference
Trench Rescue Technician (2021) Trench Rescue Trench Rescue Technician
• Topic 4-1 (RK3, RS5) Technician (2021) (2021) Instructor Task Book
• Topic 4-4 (RK1, RK7, RK10, • Skill 6 • JPR 13
RS1) • Skill 7
• Topic 4-5 (RK5)
• Topic 4-6 (RK2, RK4, RK6,
RK8, RK9, RS2, RS3, RS4)

1-6: Recognizing the Need for Technical Rescue Resources
Authority

Recognize the need for technical rescue resources at an operations- or technician-level
incident, given AHJ guidelines, so that the need for additional resources is identified, the
response system is initiated, the scene is secured and rendered safe until additional resources
arrive, and awareness-level personnel are incorporated into the operational plan.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe operational protocols
2. Identify specific planning forms
3. Describe types of incidents common to the AHJ
4. Identify hazards
5. Identify types of resources
6. Identify needed resources
7. Describe incident support operations and resources
8. Describe safety measures
Requisite Skills
1. Apply operational protocols
2. Select specific planning forms based on the types of incidents
3. Identify and evaluate various types of hazards within the AHJ
4. Request support and resources
5. Determine the required safety measures
RK 5 Added new knowledge item. Not addressed by NFPA. (2021)
RK 6 Added new knowledge item. Not addressed by NFPA. (2021)
Cross Reference
• Topic 4-2 (RK3) Technician (2021) (2021) Instructor Task Book
• Topic 4-5 (RK1, RK2, RK5, • Skill 4 • JPR 12
RK6, RK7, RS1, RS2, RS4)
• Topic 4-6 (RK4, RS3)

1-7: Supporting an Operations- or Technician-level Incident
Authority

Support an operations- or technician-level incident, given an incident, an assignment, an
incident action plan, and resources from the tool kit, so that the assignment is carried out,
progress is reported to command, environmental concerns are managed, personnel
rehabilitation is facilitated, and the incident action plan is supported.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe AHJ operational protocols
2. Describe hazard recognition
3. Describe incident management
4. Describe PPE selection
5. Describe resource selection and use
6. Describe scene support requirements
Requisite Skills
1. Apply operational protocols
2. Function within an incident management system
3. Follow and implement an incident action plan
4. Report the task progress status to a supervisor or incident command
Cross Reference
• Topic 4-1 (RK4) • Skill 9 • JPR 15
• Topic 4-5 (RK1, RK5)
• Topic 4-6 (RK2)
RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4)

1-8: Standards and Regulations
Authority
1. Office of the State Fire Marshal

Carry out trench rescue operations, given OSHA and Cal/OSHA standards and AHJ policies and
procedures, so that trench rescue operations are completed in accordance with federal, state,
and local standards, regulations, policies, and procedures.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Identify federal standard for trenching and excavations
2. Describe California standard for trenching and excavations
3. Identify other regulations that may impact trenching operations
4. Identify consequences related to regulatory non-compliance
Requisite Skills
1. None
JPR Added new job performance California has specific standards and regulations for
requirement. trench rescue operations.
Cross Reference
Trench Rescue Technician Trench Rescue Technician (2021)
(2021) N/A Instructor Task Book
• Topic 2-2 • JPR 4

Section 2: Operations
2-1: Identifying Potential Hazards to Victims and Rescuers
Authority

Identify potential hazards to victims and rescuers in and around a trench excavation, given a
trench collapse incident, a trench rescue toolkit so that potential areas of additional collapse in
the trench are identified, utility lines are located, spoil piles are monitored, additional
superimposed weight is identified, sources of atmospheric contamination are assessed, sources
of water are identified, and environmental hazards are considered.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe methods to distinguish soil types, collapse mechanics, and other contributing
factors such as severe environmental conditions and other general hazards
2. Describe effects and hazards of collapse and rescue efforts on utilities at the incident site
3. Identify jurisdictional and community resource lists and agreements
4. Describe atmospheric monitoring
5. Describe effects of additional superimposed weight and vibrations on trench walls
6. Describe effects of water in and around trench
Requisite Skills
1. Interpret tabulated data information and tables
2. Perform atmospheric monitoring
3. Monitor spoil piles
4. Assess and address the effects of water on trench stability

Cross Reference
Trench Rescue Technician (2021) Trench Rescue Technician Trench Rescue
• Topic 3-1 (RK1) (2021) Technician (2021)
• Topic 4-4 (RS1) • Skill 1 Instructor Task Book
RK6, RS2, RS3, RS4)
• Topic 5-2 (RS1)

2-2: Implementing a Hazard Control Plan
Authority

Implement a hazard control plan given a trench collapse incident, hazard control plan and
trench rescue tool kit so that provisions for ventilation, dewatering, energy control, air
monitoring; and falls, and prevention of unplanned soil movement are accomplished.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe protocols on making the general area safe
2. Describe criteria for a safe zone within the trench
3. Describe atmospheric monitoring and ventilation
4. Describe types of collapses and techniques to stabilize
5. Describe emergency procedures
6. Describe selection of PPE
7. Describe consideration of selected stabilization tactics on extrication and victim safety
Requisite Skills
1. Employ hazard control plan to protect personnel inside and outside of trench
2. Establish safe zones
3. Perform atmospheric monitoring and initiate ventilation as needed
4. Initiate dewatering
5. Provide energy control
6. Select and use PPE
7. Apply fall prevention
8. Implement strategies to minimize unplanned soil movement

Cross Reference
• Topic 4-1 (RK6, RS6) • Skill 6 • JPR 13
• Topic 4-6 (RK1, RK2, RK3, RK5,
RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4, RS5, RS7,
RS8)
• Topic 5-2 (RK7)

2-3: Developing a Shoring Plan for a Nonintersecting Trench
Authority

Develop a shoring plan for a nonintersecting trench no more than 8 ft (2.4 m) deep, given a
trench collapse incident and trench rescue tool kit, so that the methods of potential collapse
are recognized, the mechanisms of entrapment are identified, areas of the trench that are
blown out or undercut are addressed, related tabulated data is consulted, the weights and
hazards associated with the soils are considered, and the location of the victim and projected
path for removal are incorporated.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe shoring and shielding
2. Describe how to interpret tabulated data
3. Describe strategies and tactics
7. Describe emergency procedure
8. Describe selection of personal protective equipment
Requisite Skills
1. Determine shoring strategies
2. Designate cut station location, and material and equipment needs
4. Pre-brief team on shoring strategies, victim release, and projected path for removal

Cross Reference
• Topic 4-1 (RK8) • JPR 6
• Topic 5-2 (RK2, RK3, • JPR 8
RK9, RS1)
RK7, RS2, RS3, RS4)

2-4: Implementing a Trench Shoring Plan for a Nonintersecting Trench
Authority

Implement a trench shoring plan for a nonintersecting trench no more than 8 ft (2.4 m) deep,
given a trench collapse incident, trench shoring plan, and a trench rescue tool kit, so that the
victim is protected from additional collapse, the trench walls are supported, prior areas of
collapse are addressed, shoring team members work from protected areas, and shoring
systems are installed so they perform their intended function.
Requisite Knowledge
3. Describe types of collapse and techniques to stabilize
6. Describe consideration of selected stabilization tactics for extrication and victim safety
Requisite Skills
1. Place shoring and shielding systems
2. Install supplemental shoring
3. Use protocols
4. Choose methods to stabilize
5. Establish a cut station
6. Use personal protective equipment
7. Anticipate extrication logistics
8. Create systems in trenches 8 ft (2.4 m) deep

Cross Reference
• Topic 5-1 (RK1) • Skill 14
• Topic 5-2 (RK6, RS4) • Skill 15
• Topic 5-3 (RK2, RK4, RS1, • Skill 16
RS2, RS3, RS5, RS7, RS8)

2-5: Releasing a Victim from Soil Entrapment in a Nonintersecting Trench
Authority

Release a victim from soil entrapment in a nonintersecting trench of 8 ft (2.4 m) or less in
depth, given a trench collapse incident and a trench rescue tool kit, so that hazards to rescue
personnel and victims are minimized; considerations are given to the victim’s injuries, crush
injuries related to compartment syndrome, and other injuries; techniques are used to enhance
patient survivability; and techniques do not compromise the integrity of the existing trench
shoring system.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe identification, utilization, and required care of personal equipment
2. Describe general hazards associated with each type of trench collapse
3. Describe methods of evaluating shoring systems and trench wall stability
4. Describe compartment syndrome protocols
5. Describe identification of collapse characteristics
6. Describe causes and associated effects of trench collapse
7. Describe potential signs of subsequent collapse
8. Describe selection and application of rescue tools and resources
9. Describe risk/benefit assessment techniques for extrication methods
10. Describe time constraints
Requisite Skills
1. Select, use, and care for PPE
2. Operate rescue tools and stabilization systems
3. Identify crush injuries related to compartment syndrome
4. Complete risk/benefit assessments for selected methods of rescue and time constraints

Cross Reference
RK7) • Skill 24
RS1, RS2)
• Topic 4-6 (RK2)
RK9, RK10, RS3, RS4)

2-6: Removing a Victim from a Trench
Authority

Remove a victim from a trench, given a disentangled victim, a basic first aid kit, and victim
packaging resources, so that basic life functions are supported as required; the victim is
evaluated for signs of compartment syndrome; methods and packaging devices selected are
compatible with intended routes of transfer; universal precautions are employed to protect
personnel from blood-borne pathogens; and extraction times meet time constraints for medical
management.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe medical protocols
2. Describe available medical resources
3. Describe transfer methods and time needed to execute
4. Describe universal precautions protocol
5. Describe rope rescue systems
6. Describe high-point anchor options
7. Describe patient ladder raise removal techniques
Requisite Skills
1. Select and use personal protective equipment
2. Provide basic medical care and immobilization techniques
3. Identify the need for advanced life support and compartment syndrome management
4. Use a removal system that matches logistical and medical management time frame
concerns
Cross Reference
• Topic 4-1 (RS1) Technician (2021) (2021) Instructor Task Book
• Topic 6-2 (RK1, RK2, RK3, RK4, • Skill 25 • JPR 21
RK5, RK6, RK7, RS2, RS3, RS4) • Skill 26
• Skill 27

2-7: Disassembling Support Systems
Authority

Disassemble support systems at a trench emergency incident, given personal protective
equipment, trench tool kit, and removal of victim(s), so that soil movement is minimized, all
rescue equipment is removed from the trench, sheeting and shoring are removed in the reverse
order of their placement, emergency protocols and safe zones in the trench are adhered to,
rescue personnel are removed from the trench, the last supporting shores are pulled free with
ropes, equipment is cleaned and serviced, reports are completed, and a post-briefing is
performed.
Requisite Knowledge
2. Describe equipment used and its location
3. Describe shoring and shielding tactics and order of placement
4. Describe shoring removal protocols
5. Describe criteria for a “safe zone” within the trench
6. Describe personnel accountability
8. Describe manufacturer’s recommended care and maintenance procedures
9. Describe briefing protocols
Requisite Skills
2. Remove equipment and protective systems
3. Use trench safety protocols
4. Clean and service equipment
5. Perform an incident debriefing

Cross Reference
RK6, RK7, RK8, RK9, RS2, RS3,
RS4, RS5)

2-8: Terminating a Technical Rescue Operation
Authority

Terminate a technical rescue operation, given an incident scenario, assigned resources, and site
safety data, so that rescuer risk and site safety are managed; scene security is maintained and
custody transferred to a responsible party; personnel and resources are returned to a state of
readiness; record-keeping and documentation occur; and post-event analysis is conducted.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe incident command functions and resources
2. Describe hazard identification and risk management strategies
3. Describe logistics and resource management
4. Describe personnel accountability systems
5. Describe AHJ-specific procedures or protocols related to personnel rehab
Requisite Skills
1. Recognize hazards
2. Analyze risk
3. Use site control equipment and methods
4. Use data collection and management systems
5. Use asset and personnel tracking systems
Cross Reference
• Skill 30
• Skill 31
• Skill 32

Section 3: Technician
3-1: Developing a Shoring Plan for an Intersecting Trench
Authority

Develop a shoring plan for an intersecting trench, given a trench collapse incident and trench
rescue tool kit, so that the methods of potential collapse are recognized, the mechanisms of
entrapment are identified, areas of the trench that are blown out or undercut are addressed,
related tabulated data is consulted, the weights and hazards associated with the soils are
considered, and the location of the victim and projected path for removal are incorporated.
Requisite Knowledge
9. Describe consideration of selected stabilization tactics for extrication and victim safety
Requisite Skills
2. Designate cut station location and material and equipment needs

Cross Reference
• Topic 5-2 (RK2, RK3, • JPR 17
RK9, RS1)
RK7, RS2, RS3, RS4)

3-2: Implementing a Trench Shoring Plan for an Intersecting Trench
Authority

Implement a trench shoring plan for intersecting trench, given a trench collapse incident,
trench shoring plan, and a trench rescue tool kit, so that the victim is protected from additional
collapse, the trench walls are supported, prior areas of collapse are addressed, shoring team
members work from protected areas, and shoring systems are installed so they perform their
intended function.
Requisite Knowledge
6. Describe consideration of selected stabilization tactics on extrication and victim safety.
Requisite Skills
3. Use protocols
8. Create shoring systems in trenches 8 ft (2.4 m) deep

Cross Reference

3-3: Developing a Shoring Plan for a Trench More than 8 Feet Deep
Authority

Develop a shoring plan for a trench more than 8 ft (2.4 ⁠m) deep, given a trench collapse
incident, and trench rescue tool kit, so that the methods of potential collapse are recognized,
the mechanisms of entrapment are identified, areas of the trench that are blown out or
undercut are addressed, related tabulated data is consulted, the weights and hazards
associated with the soils are considered, the location of the victim and projected path for
removal are incorporated.
Requisite Knowledge
Requisite Skill
2. Designate cut station location and material and equipment needs

Cross Reference
• Topic 5-2 (RK2, RK3, • JPR 17
RK9, RS1)
RK7, RS2, RS3, RS4)

3-4: Implementing a Trench Shoring Plan for a Trench More than 8 Feet Deep
Authority

Implement a trench shoring plan for a trench more than 8 ft (2.4 m) deep, given a trench
collapse incident, trench shoring plan, and a trench rescue tool kit, so that the victim is
protected from additional collapse, the trench walls are supported, prior areas of collapse are
addressed, shoring team members work from protected areas, and shoring systems are
installed so they perform their intended function.
Requisite Knowledge
Requisite Skills
3. Use protocols
8. Create systems in trenches more than 8 ft (2.4 m) deep

Cross Reference

3-5: Supporting an Intersecting Trench as a Member of a Team
Authority

Support an intersecting trench as a member of a team, given size-up information and an action
plan, a trench tool kit, and an assignment, so that strategies to minimize the further movement
of soil are implemented effectively; trench walls, lip, and spoil pile are monitored continuously;
rescue entry team(s) in the trench remains in a safe zone; any slough-in and wall shears are
mitigated; emergency procedures and warning systems are established and understood by
participating personnel; incident-specific personal protective equipment is utilized; physical
hazards are identified and managed; victim protection is maximized; victim extrication methods
are considered; and a rapid intervention team is staged.
Requisite Knowledge
4. Describe types of intersecting trenches and techniques to stabilize
6. Describe criteria for safe zones in the trench
Requisite Skills
3. Identify type of intersecting trench
4. Use trench rescue protocols
5. Identify types of collapse and methods to stabilize
6. Identify hazards in a trench

Cross Reference
• Topic 4-6 (RS6)
RK10, RS1)
RK8, RS2, RS4, RS8)

3-6: Installing Supplemental Sheeting and Shoring Below an Existing Approved
Shoring System
Authority

Install supplemental sheeting and shoring for each 2 ft (0.61 m) of depth dug below an existing
approved shoring system, given size-up information, an action plan, and a trench tool kit, so
that the movement of soil is minimized effectively, initial trench support strategies are
facilitated, rescue entry team safe zones are maintained, excavation of entrapping soil is
continued, victim protection is maximized, victim extrication methods are considered, and a
rapid intervention team is staged.
Requisite Knowledge
4. Describe methods and techniques to install supplemental sheeting and shoring
Requisite Skills
3. Identify supplemental sheeting and shoring
4. Use all trench rescue protocols
6. Identify exposure to hazards within the trench relative to existing safe zones

Cross Reference
• Topic 5-1 (RK1)
• Topic 5-2 (RK2, RK3, RK10,
RS1)
RK8, RS2, RS3, RS4, RS6,
RS8)

3-7: Utilizing Spot Shoring Techniques to Support Soil
Authority

Utilize spot shoring techniques to support soil without incorporating uprights or panels as part
of the shoring plan, given a trench incident, trench rescue toolbox, tabulated data, and trench
shoring plan, so that the soil is prevented from collapse.
Requisite Knowledge
4. Describe methods and techniques to install supplemental sheeting and shoring
Requisite Skills
3. Identify supplemental sheeting and shoring
4. Use all trench rescue protocols
6. Identify exposure to hazards within the trench relative to existing safe zones

Cross Reference
• Topic 5-1 (RK1)
• Topic 5-2 (RK2, RK3, RK10,
RS1)
RK8, RS2, RS3, RS4, RS6,
RS8)

3-8: Constructing Load Stabilization Systems
Authority

Construct load stabilization systems, given an assignment, personal protective equipment, and
a trench tool kit, so that the stabilization system will support the load safely, the system is
stable, and the assignment is completed.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe different types of stabilization systems and their construction methods
2. Describe limitations of the system
3. Describe load calculations
4. Describe principles of and applications for stabilization systems
5. Describe safety considerations
Requisite Skills
1. Select and construct stabilization systems
2. Evaluate structural integrity of the system
3. Determine stability, and calculate loads
Cross Reference

3-9: Lifting a Load with a Trench Tool Kit
Authority

Lift a load, given a trench tool kit, so that the load is lifted the required distance to gain access;
settling or dropping of the load is prevented; control and stabilization are maintained before,
during, and after the lift; and operational objectives are attained.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe applications of levers
2. Describe classes of levers
3. Describe principles of leverage, gravity, and load balance
4. Describe resistance force
5. Describe mechanics and types of load stabilization
6. Describe mechanics of load lifting
7. Describe application of pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and manual lifting tools
8. Describe how to calculate the weight of the load
9. Describe safety protocols
Requisite Skills
1. Evaluate and estimate the weight of the load
2. Operate the tools correctly
3. Operate a lever
4. Apply load stabilization systems
Cross Reference

3-10: Coordinating Heavy Equipment Use
Authority

Coordinate the use of heavy equipment, given personal protective equipment, means of
communication, equipment, operator, and an assignment, so that operator capabilities and
limitations for task are evaluated, common communications are maintained, equipment usage
supports the operational objectives, and hazards are avoided.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe types of heavy equipment
2. Describe capabilities, application, and hazards of heavy equipment and rigging
3. Describe how to confirm operator training
4. Describe types of communication
5. Describe methods to establish communications
Requisite Skills
1. Use hand signals
2. Use radio equipment
3. Recognize hazards
4. Assess operator for skill and calm demeanor
5. Assess heavy equipment for precision of movement and maintenance
6. Monitor rescuer and victim safety
Cross Reference
• Topic 4-1 (RS7) Technician (2021) (2021) Instructor Task Book
RK5, RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4, RS5,
RS6)

3-11: Releasing a Victim from Entrapment
Authority

Release a victim from entrapment by components of a collapsed trench, given personal
protective equipment, a trench rescue tool kit, and specialized equipment, so that hazards to
rescue personnel and victims are minimized, considerations are given to compartment
syndrome related to crush injuries and other injuries, techniques are used to enhance patient
survivability, tasks are accomplished within projected time frames, and techniques do not
compromise the integrity of the existing trench shoring system.
Requisite Knowledge
1. Describe identification, utilization, and required care of personal equipment
2. Describe general hazards associated with each type of trench collapse
3. Describe methods of evaluating shoring systems and trench wall stability
4. Describe compartment syndrome protocols
5. Describe identification of collapse characteristics
6. Describe causes and associated effects of trench collapse
7. Describe potential signs of subsequent collapse
8. Describe selection and application of rescue tools and resources
9. Describe risk/benefit assessment techniques for extrication methods
10. Describe time constraints
Requisite Skills
1. Select, use, and care for personal protective equipment
2. Operate rescue tools and stabilization systems
3. Identify crush syndrome clinical settings
4. Complete risk/benefit assessments for selected methods of rescue and time constraints
RK10 Changed “restraints” to “constraints”. Inconsistent with other items in chapter.

Cross Reference
RK7)
RS1, RS2)
• Topic 4-6 (RK2)
RK9, RK10, RS3, RS4)

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Trench Rescue

(NFPA 1006: Trench Rescue

Certification Training Standards Guide (2021)

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection

Published by State Fire Training.

Cadre – 2022 Curriculum Development

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