AN610

Using the 24LC21 Dual Mode Serial EEPROM

TRANSMIT ONLY MODE (DDC1)

Author: Bruce Negley
Memory Products Division The 24LC21 will always power-up in the transmit only
mode. In this mode, the 24LC21 will output one bit of
data at the SDA pin for every rising edge on the VCLK
INTRODUCTION pin. The data will be transmitted in 8-bit words, with
each word followed by a 9th null bit. This null bit will
The Microchip Technology Inc. 24LC21 is a 1K-bit
always be high. A timing diagram for transmit only
(128 x 8) dual mode serial EEPROM that was
mode is shown in Figure 1. As long as VCLK is
developed primarily for use in computer monitors. This
present and no falling edges on SCL are received, the
part was developed with inputs from several computer
24LC21 will repeatedly cycle through the entire
monitor manufacturers, in accordance with the VESA
memory array.
(Video Electronics Standards Association) monitor
committee. This committee has developed a serial
PACKAGE TYPE
communication protocol called Data Display Channel
(DDC) which was created to eliminate the need to
change dip switches when configuring a new system
or adding a new monitor or video card. The 24LC21
device is used in the monitor to store and transmit the
NC 1 5 VCC
EDID (extended display ID) table which contains all
set-up parameters needed by the video card to NC 2 6 VCLK
operate with a particular monitor. With this system, the
user can now plug any compatible monitor into any NC 3 7 SCL
compatible graphics board and the graphics board will VSS 4 8 SDA
automatically know what type of monitor is being used
and configure itself accordingly. This automatic
configuration is the cornerstone for Microsoft’s ‘Plug
and Play’ capability being built into the new
‘Windows 95’ release. Upon power-up, the device will not output valid data
until it has been initialized. This initialization procedure
DEVICE OPERATION (Figure 1) data will not be available until after the first
The 24LC21 can operate in two modes of operation. 9 clocks are sent to the device. The exact memory
These two modes of operation are the transmit only location that the 24LC21 begins to transmit data is
mode and bi-directional mode. Upon power-up, the unknown at power-up, and the initialization procedure
device will always be in the transmit-only mode. only initializes the device, not the starting address or
Transmit only mode is also referred to as DDC1 mode. bit location. In order to for a controller to determine
The transmit only mode only allows the video card to what address is being read, a ‘framing’ or ‘syncing’
read the contents of the 24LC21 in a sequential procedure must be executed by the video card.
manner, one bit at a time. Writing to the device is not
possible in transmit only mode.
The device will automatically transition to the
bi-directional mode whenever a falling edge is seen on
the SCL pin. Bi-directional mode is also referred to as
DDC2 mode, and is implemented as the standard
I2C protocol. This allows a controller to read and
write specific addresses in the device like a standard
I2C Serial EEPROM device. Once the device has
transitioned to the bi-directional mode, there is no way
to return to transmit only mode other than to reset
(power-down) the device.

 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00610A-page 1

Thi d t t d ith F M k 404

AN610
A framing procedure involves looking for the header taken while using the device in the transmit only mode
portion of the EDID table which is a byte of 00H to prevent noise on the SCL pin, as a falling edge seen
followed by 6 bytes of FFH and another byte of 00H. A on this pin will immediately send the part into the
framing routine would continue to clock data from the bi-directional mode. In a DDC1-only monitor, SCL is
24LC21 until this unique header has been found. At not connected to the VGA connector, but must still be
this point, the current location in the EDID table has terminated to VCC through a pullup resistor.
been determined and the controller has now
synchronized itself with the device. Care must be

FIGURE 1: TRANSMIT ONLY MODE

SCL must remain high for transmit-only mode

SCL

Bit8 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Null Bit8 Bit7
SDA (MSB) (LSB) Bit

VCLK

FIGURE 2: DEVICE INITIALIZATION FOR TRANSMIT-ONLY MODE

VCC

SCL
SDA at high impedance for 9 clock cycles Valid data begins on 10th clock
SDA Bit8 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4

VCLK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

DS00610A-page 2  1995 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN610
BI-DIRECTIONAL MODE (DDC2) EDID TABLE
2
Bi-directional mode is essentially the standard I C The EDID table is the Extended Display ID table,
protocol and allows the controller to read and write to specified by VESA, that will be stored in the 24LC21
the device. The 24LC21 supports byte and page writes and contains information about what type of display it
and byte and sequential reads in the bi-directional is and the capabilities of the display. The basic EDID
mode. This mode will be used primarily before the table consists of 128 bytes of data. A breakdown of the
monitor leaves the factory to load the EDID table into table is shown below in Table 1. A complete
the device, but it also provides a means of updating description of the table can be found in the VESA DDC
the table if necessary. It is also used for faster (up to Specification.
100 kHz) data transmission, or transmission of only
specific requested data in a DDC2 system. (The I2C TABLE 1: EDID TABLE DESCRIPTION
protocol allows the host to request data from a specific Bytes Description
portion of the EDID table rather than waiting for the
entire table.) When writing to the device, the VCLK pin 8 Header
must be held high while the write command is being
loaded or the write will be aborted and no data will be 10 Vendor/Product Description
written. Note that this is the opposite of the 24LC01B,
where the WP pin must be held low for the device to 2 EDID Version/Revision
be written.
15 Basic Display Parameters/Features

19 Established/Standard Timings

72 Detailed Timing Descriptions

(18 bytes each)

1 Extension Flag

1 Checksum

 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00610A-page 3

AN610
USING THE 24LC21 IN A SYSTEM Programming of the 24LC21 can be accomplished via
Microchip Technology’s SEEVAL programming and
In order to use the 24LC21 in a monitor system, it
evaluation system or by any final test system at the
must be programmed with a proper EDID table and
customer site which can communicate over the I2C
then properly connected to the signals coming from
bus.
the video controller card. The VESA committee has
specified that the connections for DDC transmission
can be part of the standard 15-pin VGA connector. A
table of pinouts for this connector are shown in
Table 2. Signals that pertain to the use of the 24LC21
are highlighted.

TABLE 2: VGA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION

Pin Standard VGA DDC1 Host DDC2 Host DDC1.2 Display

1 Red Video Red Video Red Video Red Video

2 Green Video Green Video Green Video Green Video

3 Blue Video Blue Video Blue Video Blue Video

4 Monitor ID Bit2 Monitor ID Bit2 Monitor ID Bit2 Return

5 Test (Ground) Return Return Return

6 Red Video Return Red Video Return Red Video Return Red Video Return

7 Green Video Return Green Video Return Green Video Return Green Video Return

8 Blue Video Return Blue Video Return Blue Video Return Blue Video Return

9 No Connection +5V Supply (optional) +5V Supply (optional) +5V Supply (optional)

10 Sync Return Sync Return Sync Return Sync Return

11 Monitor ID Bit0 Monitor ID Bit0 Monitor ID Bit0 Optional

12 Monitor ID Bit1 Data from Display (SDA) Bi-directional Data Bi-directional Data
(SDA) (SDA)

13 Horizontal Sync Horizontal Sync Horizontal Sync Horizontal Sync

14 Vertical Sync Vertical Sync (VCLK) Vertical Sync Vertical Sync (VCLK)

15 Monitor ID Bit3 Monitor ID Bit3 Data Clock Data Clock

(SCL) (SCL)

DS00610A-page 4  1995 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN610
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION states that a 15K pullup resistor is needed on both the
SCL and SDA lines at the video controller end.
A typical system configuration is shown below. The
DDC specification states that a 47 kΩ pull-up resistor
is required on the SDA line at the monitor end. It also

FIGURE 3: USE OF 24LC21 IN VIDEO SYSTEM

Video Monitor System

Video Controller Card VCC

Pin 14 (VSYNC)
15K 15K Monitor
Pin 15 (SCL)
Controller
VGA Pin 12 (SDA) Card
Controller
VCC

47K*
47K
VCC
VCLK

* 47 kΩ resistor is recommended on SCL line at the monitor end

SDA
SCL
although it is not required by the VESA specification.
8
7
6
5

CRT
24LC21
1
2
3
4

GND

 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00610A-page 5

AN610
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY erly. The diagram below (Figure 4) shows a filter circuit
NOISE IN A VIDEO SYSTEM that can be used to reduce the amount of noise seen
by the device on the SCL and VCLK pins.
Because the typical application for the 24LC21 is in a
computer monitor where electronic noise is prevalent,
some precautions may need to be made in order for
this device (or any other CMOS device) to work prop-

FIGURE 4: RECOMMENDED FILTER CIRCUIT FOR MONITOR APPLICATIONS

VCC

CBP

RS
VCLK VSYNC
RPD
CR1
CS

24LC21
RPU

RS
SCL SCL

CS

CBP = 1 µF
RS = 100 - 300 Ω
RPD = 4.7 kΩ CBP Bypass capacitor
CS = 100 - 1000 pF RPD Can be as a termination resistor on VGA
RPU = 47 kΩ cable. Also will discharge the series capaci-
tor going to the MCU and horizontal/Vertical
processor.
CS and RS on VCLK Acts as low pass filter to clean-up noise on
VSYNC line
CS and RS on SCL Acts as low pass filter to clean-up noise and
dampen power transient spikes that may
cause accidental mode switching from
DDC1 to DDC2
RPU on SCL Keeps SCL pulled high, although a high
enough value is used that the host will not
power the 24LC21. Lets the 24LC21 reset
when the monitor power is turned off
CR1 Eliminates undershoot on VSYNC

DS00610A-page 6  1995 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN610
NOTES:

 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00610A-page 7

Note the following details of the code protection feature on PICmicro® MCUs.

• The PICmicro family meets the specifications contained in the Microchip Data Sheet.
• Microchip believes that its family of PICmicro microcontrollers is one of the most secure products of its kind on the market today,
when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions.
• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowl-
edge, require using the PICmicro microcontroller in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in the data sheet.
The person doing so may be engaged in theft of intellectual property.
• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable”.
• Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of
our product.
If you have any further questions about this matter, please contact the local sales office nearest to you.

Information contained in this publication regarding device Trademarks

applications and the like is intended through suggestion only
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab,
ensure that your application meets with your specifications. KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER,
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is PICSTART, PRO MATE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Tech-
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of nology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such
dsPIC, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB,
use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical com-
In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort,
ponents in life support systems is not authorized except with
Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM,
express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are con-
MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Select Mode
veyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property
and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology
rights.
Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark

of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their

respective companies.

© 2002, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the

U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.

Printed on recycled paper.

Microchip received QS-9000 quality system

certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999. The
Company’s quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its
PICmicro® 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs and microperipheral
products. In addition, Microchip’s quality
system for the design and manufacture of
development systems is ISO 9001 certified.

 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

M
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 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.