Lab Exer 6.

Breeds of Livestock
and Poultry
OVERVIEW

Animals are described based on their plumage/coat

color, type of ear, body conformation, horn type, and
their productive characteristics.
OVERVIEW
Breed: group of animals with common origin and
characteristics that distinguish them from other
groups of animals within the same species.

Variety: a subdivision of breed

Strain: a family of any variety; usually named after

the breeder or the breeding company
Chicken
 CHICKEN
Present breeds descended from:
1. Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus): a native of Southeast Asia
2. Gray Jungle Fowl (Gallus sonnerati)
3. Ceylonese Jungle Fowl (Gallus lafayetti)
 CHICKEN
ANCONA
- From Ancona, Italy
- Distinct plumage with black color and white
tipped feather.
- Egg color: white
- Egg size: medium – large
 CHICKEN
AUSTRALORP
- From Great Britain
- Dual purpose: good egg layers as
- well as meat birds
 CHICKEN
BRAHMA
- Ancestry travels is back to China but dev’t
took in the US
- Heavy birds, primarily for meat
production
 CHICKEN
COCHIN
- From China
- Dual purpose fowl; primarily
bred for exhibition
 CHICKEN
CORNISH
- From Cornwall, England
- Developed as the ultimate bird;
excellent carcass
 CHICKEN
LEGHORN
- From Northern Italy near the port
of Leghorn
- Primarily an egg layer; around
200 eggs laid per year
 CHICKEN
MINORCA
- From the Mediterranean area
- Long, angular birds
- Egg producers
 CHICKEN
RHODE ISLAND RED
- From New England States of
Massachusetts and Rhode Island
- Relatively hardy, probably the
best egg layer of the dual purpose
breeds
 CHICKEN
SUSSEX
- From Sussex, England
- Dual purpose, a good all-around
farm fowl
 CHICKEN
WYANDOTTE
- From the regions around New
York and Ontario, Canada
- Dual purpose breed
Swine
 SWINE
Present breed descended from:
1. Sus scrofa: a wild hog of continental Europe from which
most domestic swine were derived
2. Sus vittatus: the chief, if not the only species of the East
Indian pig that contributed to domestic swine
 SWINE
BERKSHIRE
- From England
- Black with white color on their
legs, faces, and the tips or their tails
- Erect ears
- Fast and efficient growth
 SWINE
DUROC
- Originated in the US
- Light golden to very dark red
approaching mahogany, cherry red is
the most common
- Medium drooping ears
- Also known as “red power”
- Known for its carcass quality and
is used as a terminal sire for
slaughter pigs
 SWINE
HAMPSHIRE
- From England
- Black with a white belt
- Medium and erect ears
- Admired for their prolificacy,
hardy vigor, and outstanding carcass
qualities
 SWINE
LANDRACE
- From Denmark
- White
- Large drooping ears
- Longest breed of swine. Known
for its prolificacy and good
mothering ability
 SWINE
LARGE WHITE
- From England
- White
- Medium and erect ears
- Rugged and hardy breed,
favorite market animal for high
quality meat products
 SWINE
PIETRAIN
- Came from Pietrain, Belgium
- White with black spots
- Erect ears
- Also known as “muscle pig”
- Carries an extremely high
proportion of lean to fat
 SWINE
TAMWORTH
- Originated from Ireland
- Varies from golden to dark red
- Erect ears
- Known for its hardiness to
adverse climates
Cattle
 CATTLE
ANGUS
- From Scotland
- Black with moderate white
color in the underline
- Predominantly polled
- For beef production
 CATTLE
BRAHMAN
- From India
- Grayish to white in color
- Horned
- Can subsist on poor quality
forage, for beef production
 CATTLE
HEREFORD
- From England
- Red color with white face and
- white color in the flank,
underline, breast, crest, tail
switch and below knees
- Polled
- Raised for beef
 CATTLE
HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN
- From Netherlands
- Black and white; vary from a
few spots to almost black
- Polled
- Raised for milk production
- Well-known for the highest
lifetime milk production in the world
(>30,000 kg milk / lifetime)
 CATTLE
JERSEY
- From the Island of Jersey
- Slightly red, deep brown or
mixed
- Usually polled
- For milk production, adaptable
to wide range of climatic and
geographical conditions
 CATTLE
SAHIWAL
- From Pakistan
- Reddish brown without
markings
- Horned
- Loose skin with large heavy
dewlap, for milk and meat
production
Goat
 GOAT
ANGLO-NUBIAN
- From England
- Dual purpose, for meat and
milk
- Roman nose, pendulous ears
- Black, red, or tan are the most
common colors
 GOAT
BOER
- From Southern Africa
- For meat production
- Droopy ears
- Coat of brown and white
 GOAT
FRENCH ALPINE
- From the Alps
- For milk production
- Erect and medium-sized ears
- Horned
- Color ranges from pure white
through shades of fawn, gray,
brown, black, red, bluff, piebald
 GOAT
KIKO
- Bred in NZ, Kiko mean meat in
Maori language
- For meat production
- Erect ears
- Color ranges from white to
chocolate brown
 GOAT
LA MANCHA
- Originated in Oregon, USA
- For milk production
- Gopher ear or elf ear
- Polled
- Wide variety of colors
 GOAT
PHILIPPINE NATIVE
- Two varieties of goat raised for
meat
- First is usually polled and
coarse haired, tan or light
brown
- The other is with fine hair,
color is black or brown and
may have a white belt and is
usually horned
- Erect ears
 GOAT
TOGGENBURG
- From Toggenburg valley of
Switzerland at Obertoggenburg
- Oldest known dairy goat breed
- Erect ears
- Solid color varying from light
fawn to dark chocolate
 GOAT
SAANEN
- From Switzerland
- Most popular dairy goat breed
- Queen of dairy goats due to its
high milk yield
- Color is solid white
Sheep
 SHEEP
BARBADOS BLACKBELLY
- From the Island of Barbados
- For meat production
- Polled and erect ears
- Shades of brown, tan or
yellow, all are highlighted with
contrasting black underparts
extending down the inside of the
legs
 SHEEP
CHEVIOT
- From Cheviot Hills on the border
of England and Scotland
- For wool production
- Polled and erect ears
- Creamy white color
 SHEEP
CORRIEDALE
- From NZ and Australia
- Dual purpose, for wool and
meat
- Polled
- Creamy brown to gray in color
 SHEEP
DORPER
- From South Africa
- Primarily for meat production
- Polled
- White in color with
characteristic black head
(dorper) as well as white head
(white dorper)
 SHEEP
DORSET
- From Oregon
- Dual purpose for wool and
meat
- Polled
- White in color
 SHEEP
ST. CROIX
- From US and British Islands
and the Carribean
- Mainly for meat production
- Polled
- White in color
 Gamete (Egg Cell)
Gamete (Sperm cell)

IIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIII X IIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIII
23 chromosomes
23 chromosomes = HAPLOID (n)
HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES = II II II II II II II
II II II II II II II
II II II II II II II
II II
46 chromosomes = DIPLOID (2n)
Zygote (fertilized egg)
 REVIEW
Gamete (Egg Cell)
Gamete (Sperm cell)

IIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIII X IIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIII
23 chromosomes

HOMOLOGOUS
23 chromosomes HAPLOID (n)
CHROMOSOMES II II II II II II II
II II II II II II II
II II II II II II II
II II
46 chromosomes DIPLOID (2n)
Zygote (fertilized egg
X
X
 X
Brown Eyes (B) Blue Eyes (b)
Dominant
Recessive
GENOTYPE
PHENOTYPE
Brown Eyes (Bb)
 X
Blue Eyes (b) Blue eyes (b)

Blue Eyes (bb)

 X
Brown Eyes (B) Brown Eyes (B)

Brown Eyes (BB)

 Brown Eyes (BB)
Brown Eyes (Bb)
HOMOZYGOUS
HETEROZYGOUS

Blue Eyes (bb)

 MENDELIAN GENETICS
Mendelian pattern of inheritance: refers
to certain patterns of how traits are
passed from parents to offspring.

Established by the Austrian monk Gregor

Mendel (father of genetics), who
performed thousands of experiments
with pea plants in the 19th century.
 GREGOR MENDEL

Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance

1. Law of Segregation: offspring acquire one hereditary factor from
each parent
2. Law of Independent Assortment: different traits have an equal
opportunity of occurring together
3. Law of Dominance and Uniformity: offspring will inherit the
dominant trait, and can only inherit the recessive trait if they
Inherit both recessive factors
 MENDELIAN CROSSES
Monohybrid Cross: one trait is being studied
Dihybrid Cross: 2 or more traits is being studied
 MONOHYBRID CROSS

MOM: Red (bb)

DAD: Black (BB)

P1 (Parental) Phenotype: Black x Red

Genotype: BB x bb
G1 (Gametes): B b
F1 (1st Filial Generation of Offspring) : Bb
F1 Phenotype: All Black

BLACK: B
Red: b
 PUNNETT SQUARE
INTER SE MATING (F1 x F2) MOM: Black (Bb)
DAD: Black (Bb)
P2 (Genotype): Bb x Bb
G2 (Gametes): B&b B&b
F2 (Second Filial Generation of Offspring):
Genotypic Ratio: 1 BB: 2 Bb : 1 bb
Phenotypic Ratio: 3 Black: 1 Red

BLACK: B
Red: b
 PUNNETT SQUARE
MOM: Red (bb)

x b b
DAD: Black (BB)

B Bb Bb
B Bb Bb

BLACK: B Genotypic Ratio: 4 Bb or 100% Bb

Red: b
Phenotypic Ratio: 4 Black or 100% Black
 PUNNETT SQUARE
MOM: Black (Bb)

x B b
DAD: Black (Bb)

B BB Bb
b Bb bb
Genotypic Ratio: 1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb or
BLACK: B
Red: b 25% BB: 50% Bb: 25% bb
Phenotypic Ratio: 3 Black: 1 Red or 75% Black: 25% Red
 PUNNETT SQUARE
MOM: Red (bb)

b b
DAD: Black (Bb)

B Bb Bb
b bb bb

BLACK: B
Red: b
Genotypic Ratio: 2 Bb: 2 bb or 50% Bb: 50% bb
Phenotypic Ratio: 2 Black: 2 Red or 50% Black: 50% Red
 PUNNETT SQUARE
MOM: Red (bb)

b b
DAD: Black (bb)

b bb bb
b bb bb

BLACK: B Genotypic Ratio: 4 bb or 100% bb

Red: b
Phenotypic Ratio: 4 Red or 100% Red
 BLACK: B HORNED: P
PUNNETT SQUARE RED: b POLLED: p

DIHYBRID CROSS
MOM: Red, Polled (bbpp)
P1 (Parental)Phenotype: Black, Horned x Red, Polled
DAD: Black, Horned (BBPP) (Genotype): BBPP bbpp
G1 (Gametes): BP bp
F1 (Genotype): BbPp
(Phenotype): 100% Black and Horned (B & P are dominant to b & p)
F1 x F1 (Inter se mating): BbPp x BbPp
G2 (Gametes): BP, Bp, bP, bp BP, Bp, bP, bp
F2 (2nd Filial Gen of Offspring)
Genotypic Ratio (GR): 1 BBPP: 2 BBPp: 1 BBpp: 2BbPP: 4 BbPp:
2 Bbpp: 1 bbPP: 2 bbPp: 1 bbpp
Phenotype Ratio (PR): 9 Black & Horned: 3 Black & Polled: 3 Red &
Horned: 1 Red and Polled
 PUNNETT SQUARE MOM: Black, Horned (BbPp)
BP Bp bP bp
DAD: Black, Horned

BP BBPP BBPp BbPP BbPp

Bp BBPp BBpp BbPp Bbpp
(BbPp)

bP BbPP BbPp bbPP bbPp

bp BbPp Bbpp bbPp bbpp
Black: B Genotypic Ratio: 1 BBPP: 2 BBPp: 1 BBpp: 2BbPP: 4 BbPp:
Red: b 2 Bbpp: 1 bbPP: 2 bbPp: 1 bbpp
Horned: P Phenotypic Ratio: 9 Black & Horned: 3 Black & Polled: 3 Red &
Polled: p Horned: 1 Red and Polled
 TERMINOLOGIES
GENETICS: the study of heredity and variation. Made up of
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).
HEREDITY: transmission of traits from generation to generation.
VARIATION: deals with genetic differences between organisms.
GENE: the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Defined
as a section of DNA that encodes for a certain trait.
ALLELE: specific version of a gene or combination/set of genes
with certain alleles being dominant over the other allele. Usually
in pairs (both inherited from parents).
 TERMINOLOGIES
GENOTYPE: set/combination of alleles responsible for the
unique trait or characteristic (BB, Bb, bb)
PHENOTYPE: the genotype's behavioral, biochemical,
morphological, or physiological manifestation (Brown eyes,
Blue eyes).
LOCUS: specific location on a chromosome
HOMOZYGOUS: presence of two identical alleles at a
particular gene locus (BB, bb)
HETEROZYGOUS: presence of two different alleles at a
particular gene locus (Bb)
 TERMINOLOGIES
DOMINANT: superior trait; masks the recessive trait.
Usually denoted as capital letter (B)
RECESSIVE: inferior trait; will show only if both parents have
recessive traits. Usually denoted as lower case letter (b)
 ASSESSMENT
Bring out your 1100 Lab Exercise No. 6
1. Problem Solving (2)
2. Tables 1-7
3. Questions to Answer
4. Conclusion
THANK YOU!