Equilibrium in 2D

Engineering Mechanics l
TEGT 3592
Equilibrium of a Rigid Body

Lecturer
Dr. M. F. ERINOSHO
(Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
University of Namibia) 1
Course Outlines
 Conditions for Rigid-Body Equilibrium
 Equilibrium in two dimensions
 Two- and Three-Force Members
2
Conditions for Rigid-Body Equilibrium
If the body shown is subjected to an external forces and

couple moment system which can be caused by either
gravitational, electrical, magnetic, or contact forces, the
forces and couple moment system acting on the body can
be reduced to an equivalent resultant force and resultant
couple moment at any arbitrary point O
3
If the resultant force and couple moment generated
are both equal to zero, then the body is said to be in
Equilibrium.
4
Mathematically, the equilibrium of a body is expressed as
The first equation states that the sum of the forces

acting on the body is equal to zero.
The second equation states that the sum of the

moments of all the forces in the system about point O,
added to all the couple moments, is equal to zero.
5
Considering the moment at point A, then we have
6
Note:
When applying the equations of equilibrium, we will
assume that the body remains rigid i.e not deformed.
In reality, however, all bodies deform when subjected

to loads.
7
EQUILIBRIUM IN TWO DIMENSIONS
The type of force and couple system shown above is
often referred to as a two-dimensional or coplanar force
system.
Choosing the x and y axes to be in the plane of a

structure, we have
We can write the equations of equilibrium for a two-

dimensional structure in the more general form
8
A free body diagram is the diagram that requires
a complete specification of all the known and
unknown external forces that act on a body in
order to successful apply the equations of
equilibrium.
Thus, the best way to account for these forces is

to draw a free-body diagram.
9
This diagram is a sketch of the outlined shape of the
body, which represents it as being isolated or “free”
from its surroundings.
On the sketch, it is necessary to show all the forces

and couple moments.
A thorough understanding of how to draw a free-body

diagram is of primary importance for solving problems
in mechanics.
10
Support Reactions.
As a general rule,
• If a support prevents the translation of a body in

a given direction, then a force is developed on the
body in that direction.
• If rotation is prevented, a couple moment is

exerted on the body.
11
This roller support only prevents the beam from
translating in the vertical direction, the roller will
only exert a force on the beam in this direction.
12
13
The most restrictive way to support the beam would
be to use a fixed support. This support will prevent
both translation and rotation of the beam.
14
15
16
17
Example
Draw the free-body diagram of the uniform beam

shown. The beam has a mass of 100 kg.
18
Free-Body Diagram
19
Example
Draw the free-body diagram of the unloaded platform

that is suspended off the edge of the oil rig shown. The
platform has a mass of 200 kg.
20
Free-Body Diagram
21
Example
Determine the horizontal and vertical components of
reaction on the beam caused by the pin at B and the
rocker at A as shown in Figure below. Neglect the
weight of the beam.
22
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram. Identify each of the forces shown

on the freebody diagram of the beam.
23
24
25
Example
The member shown is pin-connected at A and rests
against a smooth support at B. Determine the
horizontal and vertical components of reaction at the
pin A.
26
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram. As shown in Figure below, the

reaction NB is perpendicular to the member at B. Also,
horizontal and vertical components of reaction are
represented at A.
27
28
Example
The frame shown supports part of the roof of a small
building. Knowing that the tension in the cable is 150
kN, determine the reaction at the fixed end E.
29
Free-Body Diagram. A free-body diagram of the frame
and of the cable BDF is drawn. The reaction at the
fixed end E is represented by the force components
Ex and Ey and the couple ME. The other forces acting
on the free body are the four 20-kN loads and the
150-kN force exerted at end F of the cable.
30
31
Two- and Three-Force Members
The solutions to some equilibrium problems can be

simplified by recognizing members that are subjected
to only two or three forces.
Two-Force Members
As the name implies, a two-force member has forces
applied at only two points on the member.
An example of a two force member is shown in the

next slide.
32
Two-force member
To satisfy force equilibrium, FA and FB must be equal

in magnitude, FA = FB = F but opposite in direction.
33
Three-Force Members
If a member is subjected to only three forces, it is called
a three-force member. Moment equilibrium can be
satisfied only if the three forces form a concurrent or
parallel force system.
34
To illustrate, consider the member subjected to the
three forces F1, F2 , and F3. If the lines of action of F1
and F2 intersect at point O, then the line of action of
F3 must also pass through point O so that the forces
satisfy .
As a special case, if the three forces are all parallel as

shown in (b), the location of the point of intersection,
O, will approach infinity.
35
Thank you
36

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Engineering Mechanics l

Equilibrium of a Rigid Body

If the body shown is subjected to an external forces and

The first equation states that the sum of the forces

The second equation states that the sum of the

In reality, however, all bodies deform when subjected

Choosing the x and y axes to be in the plane of a

We can write the equations of equilibrium for a two-

Thus, the best way to account for these forces is

On the sketch, it is necessary to show all the forces

A thorough understanding of how to draw a free-body

• If a support prevents the translation of a body in

• If rotation is prevented, a couple moment is

Draw the free-body diagram of the uniform beam

Draw the free-body diagram of the unloaded platform

Free-Body Diagram. Identify each of the forces shown

Free-Body Diagram. As shown in Figure below, the

The solutions to some equilibrium problems can be

An example of a two force member is shown in the

To satisfy force equilibrium, FA and FB must be equal

As a special case, if the three forces are all parallel as

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