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    Hoa Midterm

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    yua nakamoto
    During the Spanish period in the Philippines, Spain hoped to spread Christianity and used the Philippines' central location in the Pacific to their naval advantage. Architecture in the Philippines developed from natural influences combined with Spanish, Islamic, and other cultural influences. The Spanish introduced styles like Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical. They also established the first schools and universities run by religious orders. Fortifications were constructed for protection. The grid plan was used for urban planning, organizing towns around a central plaza.

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    Hoa Midterm

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    11 views131 pages
    During the Spanish period in the Philippines, Spain hoped to spread Christianity and used the Philippines' central location in the Pacific to their naval advantage. Architecture in the Philippines developed from natural influences combined with Spanish, Islamic, and other cultural influences. The Spanish introduced styles like Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical. They also established the first schools and universities run by religious orders. Fortifications were constructed for protection. The grid plan was used for urban planning, organizing towns around a central plaza.

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    During the Spanish period in the Philippines, Spain hoped to spread Christianity and used the Philippines' central location in the Pacific to their naval advantage. Architecture in the Philippines developed from natural influences combined with Spanish, Islamic, and other cultural influences. The Spanish introduced styles like Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical. They also established the first schools and universities run by religious orders. Fortifications were constructed for protection. The grid plan was used for urban planning, organizing towns around a central plaza.

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    11 views131 pages

    Hoa Midterm

    Uploaded by

    yua nakamoto
    During the Spanish period in the Philippines, Spain hoped to spread Christianity and used the Philippines' central location in the Pacific to their naval advantage. Architecture in the Philippines developed from natural influences combined with Spanish, Islamic, and other cultural influences. The Spanish introduced styles like Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical. They also established the first schools and universities run by religious orders. Fortifications were constructed for protection. The grid plan was used for urban planning, organizing towns around a central plaza.

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    SPANISH PERIOD

    IN THE
    PHILIPPINES
    RELIGION

    SPAIN HOPED TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY INTO CHINA


    WHY THE
    PHILIPPINES? PHILIPPINES’ CENTRAL LOCATION IN THE PACIFIC, NEAR
    THE COLONIES OF OTHER EUROPEAN POWERS, GAVE
    SPAIN A NAVAL ADVANTAGE

    ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES IS THE RESULT OF


    NATURAL DEVELOPMENT ENRICHED WITH THE
    ABSORPTION OF VARIED SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND
    RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES
    A CONGLOMERATION OF VARIOUS ARCHITECTURE

    DEFINITION OF REGIONALIZED
    PHILIPPINE
    ARCHITECTURE ETHNIC

    FOLK ARCHITECTURE – mixture of pre-western culture


    and western culture brought from Spain & America
    ARCHITECTURE IN SPAIN (1521-1899)

    SPANISH RENAISSSANCE

    SPANISH BAROQUE

    SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

    NEOCLASSICAL STYLE
    RENAISSANCE
    ARCHITECTURE
    Use of human scale
    SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH, INTRAMUROS
    SPANISH
    BAROQUE
    • CHURRIGUERESQUE
    • SPANISH BAROQUE STYLE OF
    ELABORATE SCULPTURAL
    ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENT
    WHICH EMERGED AS A MANNER
    OF STUCCO DECORATION
    OUR LADY OF THE GATE
    CHURCH OF STO. TOMAS DE
    ALBAY
    VILLANUEVA
    ILOILO
    • THE COMBINATION OF THE NATIVE
    AMERICAN & MOORISH DECORATIVE
    INFLUENCES WITH AN EXTREMELY
    EXPRESSIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE
    SPANISH CHURREGUERESQUE MAY ACCOUNT FOR
    THE FULL-BODIED AND VARIED CHARACTER
    COLONIAL OF THE BAROQUE IN THE AMERICAN
    ARCHITECTURE COLONIES OF SPAIN
    • WE ARE MORE MEXICANS RATHER THAN
    SPANISH
    • MANILA-ACAPULCO GALLEON TRADE
    SPANISH MISSION ARCHITECTURE
    GUIMBAL CHURCH
    ILOILO
    DANAO CITY CHURCH
    CEBU
    NEOCLASSICAL STYLE
    MAESTRO DE OBRAS
    NATIONAL ARTISTS
    FIRST ARCHITECT • FELIX ARROYO ROJAS
    WHO ACTED AS
    ARCHITECTS
    PRIOR TO THE • SPANISH FRIARS
    MAESTRO DE • THE FRIARS ARMED WITH THE DESIRE
    OBRAS? TO CONVERT THE FILIPINOS TO
    CHRISTIANITY TOOK THE TASK OF
    BUILDING THE IMPRINTS OF THE
    CATHOLIC RELIGION
    HOSPITAL
    REAL, 1564
    INTRAMUROS, MANILA, 1571
    FORT SANTIAGO
    • Within the vast walled enclosure of
    Intramuros lie 51 blocks, covering a
    total area of about 66 hectares.
    There are 7 fortified gateways around
    the walls, granting access in or out of
    the city. The moat was actually added
    to the main structure in 1603, 32
    years after the city was built. The
    district contains many hospitals,
    military barracks, domestic
    accommodations, schools, 12
    churches, and the Governor’s Palace.
    • built in 1593, is a citadel built by
    Spanish navigator and
    governor Miguel López de Legazpi for
    the new established city of Manila in
    the Philippines.
    EARTHQUAKE
    BAROQUE
    The Implementation of the hybrid type of construction called
    arquitectura mestiza was characterized by the use of wood in
    ARQUITECTURA the upper floor and stone in the lower floor, house posts
    (haligues) supporting the second floor, stone floors at the
    MESTIZA ground floor acting as a solid curtain concealing the wooden
    framework within, and wooden pegs and dovetailed joints
    connecting the wooden structural system together.
    ACCESORIA
    (APARTMENT
    DWELLINGS)
    • LAST QUARTER
    OF THE 19TH
    CENTURY
    • SINGLE OR TWO-
    STOREY
    • MULTIPLE UNITS
    CALLED
    VIVIENDAS
    BAHAY NA BATO (ANTILLEAN HOUSE)

    PEN & INK SKETCH OF ELEVATION &


    PERSPECTIVE ( LABEL PARTS IN ELEVATION )

    PERFORMANCE PORTRAIT FORMAT


    TASK
    COVER PAGE FORMAT
    TITLE: BAHAY NA BATO (ANTILLEAN HOUSE)
    DUE DATE : JULY 13, 2023
    Asymmetrical

    Low-pitched flat, gable, or hip roof, typically with no


    overhang
    Tile roof

    GENERAL Half-round arches, doors and windows


    CHARACTERISTICS
    Stucco over adobe brick or adobe brick exterior walls

    Plaster interior walls

    Ornate tile, wrought iron and woodwork


    EDUCATION WAS MOSTLY RUN BY THE
    CHURCH
    EARLY AUGUSTINIANS OPENED A SCHOOL IN
    PERIODS OF CEBU IN 1565
    EDUCATION FRANCISCANS IN 1577
    DURING THE
    SPANISH JESUITS IN 1581
    OCCUPATION
    DOMINICANS IN 1587 WITH FIRST MISSION
    IN BATAAN
    UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN IGNACIO, 1590
    MANILA
    COLEGIO DE SAN ILDEFONSO, 1595
    CEBU ( USC )
    UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTO TOMAS,
    1611
    COLEGIO DE SAN JOSE, 1601
    MANILA
    UNESCO HERITAGE SITES
    BAROQUE CHURCHES IN THE PHILIPPINES
    PAOAY CHURCH, 1694
    ILOCOS NORTE
    SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH, 1586
    INTRAMUROS MANILA
    MIAGAO CHURCH, ILOILO
    CHURCH OF LA NUESTRA DE LA ASUNCION
    ILOCOS SUR
    SPANISH COLONIAL FORTIFICATIONS IN THE
    PHILIPPINES
    STRONGHOLDS CONSTRUCTED BY FILIPINOS & SPANISH UNDER THE RULE OF
    THE SPANIARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES

    PROTECTION AGAINST LOCAL AND FOREIGN AGGRESSORS

    EARLY FORTS WERE MADE OF PALM TREE LOGS AND MOUNDS OF EARTH

    LATER WERE MADE OF ADOBE OR OTHER TYPES OF STONE


    FORT DEL PILAR, ZAMBOANGA FORT SANTIAGO, INTRAMUROS
    UNDER SPANISH RULE, IT
    SERVED AS FORTRESS OF
    DEFENSE, PENAL
    INSTITUTION AND A
    STATION FOR CUSTOMS
    INSPECTIONS,BUT ALSO A
    SIGNAL OUTPOST TO WARN
    MANILA

    THE ISLAND CAME UNDER SPANISH


    SOVEREIGNTY ON MAY 19, 1570.
    CORREGIDOR WAS USED AS A
    SUPPORT SITE FOR THE 9 GALLEONS
    USED DURING THE SPANISH
    CAMPAIGN
    Introduction of the gridiron arrangement – plaza complex

    Dominant structures were the church and town hall around


    the town plaza
    URBAN
    PLANNING Streets were laid out to provide route for religious
    processions
    (COLONIAL
    PERIOD) Around the edifice revolved the residence of the Spaniards,
    the principalia and the masses

    Towards the 19th century, road building programs were


    initiated by the Spanish government. The Manila-Dagupan
    railway lines was constructed.
    LESSON 3 :
    AMERICAN PERIOD
    (1898-1946)
    HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4
    DOMESTIC
    STRUCTURES
    THE TSALET
    ITALIANATE
    VICTORIAN
    MISSION REVIVAL
    VARIOUS NEOCLASSIC
    PERIODS & NEO-GOTHIC
    STYLES NEO-RENAISSANCE
    ART DECO
    STREAMLINED DECO
    BAUHAUS
    ITALIANATE
    REVIVAL OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

    • SQUARE COPOLAS OR TOWERS


    • ELABORATE CLASSICAL DETAILINGS
    • WIDE OVERHANG EAVES WITH CLOSELY SPACED
    DECORATIVE BRACKETS
    • TALL & NARROW SQUARE OR ARCHED WINDOWS
    • L-SHAPED PLANS
    • ARCADED PORCHES WITH BALUSTRADES
    • LOW-PITCHED OR FLAT ROOF
    VILLA LIZARES,
    ILOILO
    MALACANANG PALACE
    VICTORIAN
    REVIVING AND/OR COMBINING THE ELEMENTS OF GOTHIC & ITALIANATE STYLES

    • STEEP GABLED ROOF & DORMERS


    • CONED-SHAPE TURRETS OR SQUARE TOWER W/ MANSARD ROOF
    • INTRICATE OR RICHLY ORNAMENTED PANELLING, TRUSSES & BRACES
    • PANELLED EXTERIOR WALLING WITH EITHER HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL &
    DIAGONAL LINES
    • WIDE OVERHANGING EAVES WITH EXPOSED RAFTER ENDS
    MISSION REVIVAL
    ORIGINATED IN THE US AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY REVIVING &/OR EMPLOYING THE
    ELEMENTS OF SPANISH COLONIAL REVIVAL STYLE

    • USE OF LOW-PITCHED ROOF


    • STUCCO FINISH EXTERIOR WALL
    • WIDE EAVES WITH CLOSELY SPACED EXPOSED RAFTERS
    • FRONTISPIECE WITH EXPOSED GABLE WALL
    • IMPOSING SQUARE TOWERS WITH PYRAMIDAL ROOF
    NEOCLASSICAL ( BEAUX ARTS CLASSICISM )
    GREEK + ROMAN CLASSICAL + IDEAS OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

    • GRANDIOSE SYMMETRICAL COMPOSITIONS & FAÇADE


    • COLONNATED PORTICO W/ GRAND STAIR & IMPOSING COLUMNS
    • BALUSTRADED BALCONIES
    • PRONOUNCED CORNICES & ENTABLATURES
    • TRIANGULAR PEDIMENT
    NEOGOTHIC
    REVIVING THE ARCHITECTURE VOCABULARY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

    • LOFTY FACADES
    • POINTED ARCHES
    • SOARING SPIRES
    • RIBBED VAULTING
    • FLYING BUTTRESS
    • RICH ORNAMENATION AND TRACERY
    NEO-RENAISSANCE
    ORIGINATED IN ITALY DURING THE REVIVAL PERIOD IN THE 19TH CENTURY

    • HIP TYPE TILED ROOF WITH LOW-PITCH OR INCLINATION


    • EAVES WITH SUPPORTING DECORATIVE BRACKETS
    • EMPLOYMENT OF DETAILS SUCH AS COLUMNS, PILASTERS,
    PEDIMENTS, QUOINS AND ARCHES
    • SYMMETRICALLY BALANCED
    URBAN PLANNING IN THE
    AMERICAN PERIOD
    MAESTRO DE OBRAS
    • The first formal school for master builders was opened during the
    last decade of the 19th century
    • On Sept. 14, 1902, many of the graduates of this school joined the
    civil engineers and surveyors in the country and founded the first
    professional organization of architects and allied professionals: the
    ACADEMIA DE ARQUITECTURA y AGUIMENSURA de FILIPINOS
    (AAAF)
    • It maintained direct consultation with the American Institutes of
    Architects (AIA)
    • A year after, its name was changed to ACADEMIA de INGINIERA,
    ARQUITECTURA y AGRIMENSURA de FILIPINAS (AIAAF)
    • In 1904 it founded the first school of Architecture in the Phils.
    MAESTRO DE OBRAS
    • The school, named Escuela de Ingenieria y Arquitectura, which
    offered 5 year courses in Architecture & Civil Engineering
    • In 1911, the AIAAF was dissolved when the civil engineers withdrew
    to form their own professional organization
    • In 1921, the Philippine National Assembly Act No. 2985 passed the
    first enabling law for the practice of the professions of engineering &
    architecture as unique & separate identities of the two professions
    MAESTRO DE OBRAS
    • Among the first Filipino architects, Arcadio Arellano was the first to
    be engaged by the Americans, serving as consultant to the
    Governor-General William Howard Taft in 1901
    • More rendered public service through the Bureau of Public Works,
    most notably the pensionados who received academic scholarships
    in the US: Carlos Barretto (1903) Antonio Toledo (1910), Tomas
    Mapua (1911), Juan Arellano (1912)
    • They became the most influencial Filipino architects of the time
    FIRST GENERATION OF
    FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

    • Tomas Bautista Mapua


    • First registered Filipino architect
    • Founder and first president of the Mapua Institute
    of Technology in 1925
    St. Lasalle Hall, 1920

    Manila Post Office, 1926


    With Juan Arellano
    FIRST GENERATION PF
    FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

    • Tomas Arguelles
    • Due to the Engineers & Architect’s Law of 1921,
    he was allowed to practice architecture because
    of his experience as maestro de obra
    • Obtained the title of Perito Agrimensor at Colegio
    de San Juan de Letran
    HEACOCK DEPARTMENT STORE, ESCOLTA
    FIRST GENERATION OF
    FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

    • Antonio Manalac Toledo


    • Graduated with a degree in Architecture at Ohio
    State in 1911
    • Was one of the pioneer professors of Mapua
    Institute of Technology
    MANILA CITY HALL, 1930’S
    FIRST GENERATION OF
    FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

    • Juan Marcos Arellano


    • Attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and
    graduated in 1908
    • Went to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
    in1911 & transferred to Drexel to finish
    Architecture
    • He was trained in the Beaux Arts
    MANILA METROPOLITAN
    THEATER

    CEBU PROVINCIAL
    CAPITOL
    THE DEMISE OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE AT THE END OF
    THE 19TH CENTURY SIGNALED THE EMERGENCE OF
    MONUMENTAL NEOCLASSICISM IN THE PHILIPPINES &
    SIGNIFIED THE ADVENT OF AMERICAN COLONIALISM &
    ITS CULTURAL DOMINANCE
    This style in a way gave continuity to a form of government
    that shifted from Spanish to American colonial rule. A military
    government was soon established to conduct various modes
    of pacification in the region.

    The American troops pledged freedom and a more civilized


    way of life. The Filipinos, with the exception of those who
    rebelled, responded with great optimism.

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