COMMERCE (857)

CLASS XII
There will be two papers in the subject: Preference shares - features, types
advantages and disadvantages;
Paper I - Theory: 3 hours ……80 marks
distinction between equity shares and
Paper II- Project Work ……20 marks preference shares.
Bonus and rights issue, ESOP and
PAPER - I (THEORY) – 80 Marks
Sweat Equity Shares - meaning.
1. Business Environment Distinction between bonus shares and
Concept, and importance of Business right shares.
Environment. Retained earnings – meaning, merits
Meaning, features and importance of Business and demerits.
Environment; (b) Loan capital: debentures.
Dimensions of Business Environment – Micro Debentures – meaning; kinds of
(Internal and External factors) and Macro debentures; advantages and
(Economic, social, technological, political and disadvantages of debentures.
legal) – meaning and components. Distinction between shares and
S.W.O.T. Analysis - A basic understanding of debentures.
S.W.O.T. (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and (c) Loans from commercial banks and
Threat) Analysis. Financial Institutions.

2. Financing Loans from commercial banks and

Financial Institutions - meaning,
(i) Capital: Sources of finance for sole trader; advantages and disadvantages.
partnership; Joint Stock Company; financial
planning. (d) Short-term sources of funds.

Importance of finance for business. Sources Short-term sources of funds – different

of finance for different types of business types of short-term financial assistance
firms. Meaning, features and importance of by Commercial Banks; public deposits,
financial planning. Factors affecting trade credit, customer advances,
capital structure. Fixed capital - meaning, factoring, Inter corporate deposits and
factors affecting fixed capital. Working installment credit. Meaning,
capital – meaning, types; factors affecting advantages and disadvantages of
working capital. Comparison between fixed various sources of funds.
and working capital. (iii) Banking - latest trends.
(ii) Sources of finance for a Joint Stock Online services- transfer of funds through
Company. Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS),
(a) Different types of shares: equity, National Electronic Funds Transfer
preference. (NEFT), Immediate Payment Service
(IMPS), issue of demand drafts online
Bonus shares, rights issue, ESOP, meaning and features.
Sweat Equity Shares, Retained
earnings. Online payments, e-Banking – meaning and
features, advantages and disadvantages.
Long-term sources of funds.
Mobile Banking - SMS alerts, transfer of
Equity shares - features, advantages funds, making payments - advantages and
and disadvantages. disadvantages.
1
(ISC Revised Syllabus 2024)
 Debit Cards vs Credit Cards, ATM importance of delegation of authority;
(Automated Teller Machine) – Meaning; Decentralization v/s Centralization,
Debit card and credit card: features and comparison between delegation and
differences. decentralization, merits and demerits.
Digital Banking, UPI, E-Wallet (Meaning (c) Staffing:
only). Meaning, steps and importance;
3. Management Recruitment – Meaning and sources
(meaning only); Selection –Meaning
(i) Management: Meaning, objectives and and procedure; Training and
characteristics of management. development – Meaning, types of
Meaning of Management: as an activity; as training, difference between selection
a group; as a discipline; as a process. and recruitment, Training and
Objectives and characteristics of Development.
management. (d) Directing:
(ii) Nature of Management – Science, Art and Meaning and importance; Supervision-
Profession. Meaning, functions and span of
control;
Self explanatory.
Motivation - Meaning and Maslow’s
(iii) Importance of Management. Levels of theory; Leadership- Meaning and
management- Meaning and functions. qualities of a good leader;
Self explanatory. Communication - Meaning, objectives
(iv) Principles of Management: nature of and process. Barriers to
principles; need for principles. communication and overcoming
barriers to communication.
Nature of principles of Management; need
(e) Controlling:
for principles of management; Taylor’s 5
scientific principles of Management; Meaning, steps and importance;
Fayol’s 14 principles of Management; Relationship between Planning and
Comparison of Taylor's and Fayol’s Controlling; Management by
principles. Exception.
(v) Functions of Management: Planning; (f) Coordination:
Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling Meaning of Coordination;
and Coordinating. Coordination as an essence of
Management.
(a) Planning:
4. Marketing
Meaning, steps, importance &
limitation; Types of plans; Objectives, (i) Marketing: concept and functions.
policy, procedures, method, rule, Meaning and types of markets; meaning
budget, program and strategy- meaning and features of marketing. Marketing
and features. concepts: traditional v/s modern - meaning
(b) Organising: and features of traditional and modern
concepts of marketing. Comparison
Meaning, importance, steps; Structure
between marketing and selling. Objectives
of organization (functional and
and importance of marketing; functions of
divisional; formal and informal
marketing – meaning, features of each
organization) – Meaning, features,
function of marketing.
merits, demerits and differences
between functional and divisional,
formal and informal; Meaning and

2
(ISC Revised Syllabus 2024)
 (ii) Marketing Mix - Meaning and Elements. A list of suggested Projects is given below:
Product Mix - goods and services - 1. Compare marketing strategies adopted by two
meaning, features and types of goods; different companies of the same industry
meaning, features of services; difference (FMCG / Telecommunication / media /
between product and services. Branding: education industry etc.) keeping in mind
meaning and merits. Labeling: meaning the following:
and merits. Packaging: meaning and
− Product mix
features of good packaging.
− Price Mix
Price Mix – meaning, factors determining
price. − Place Mix
Place Mix – meaning, channel of − Promotion Mix
distribution choice of channels of 2. Collect newspaper/magazine clippings of five
distribution and physical distribution. cases filed by consumers in the Consumer
Promotion Mix – Meaning and elements. Court.
Elements – Advertising, sales promotion, Find out the rights violated, and the redressal
personal selling and publicity – meaning, mechanism used.
features, objectives and differences. What was the outcome of each case?
(iii) Consumer protection: rights of consumers, 3. Visit a commercial Bank. Find out the
methods of consumer protection. procedure to open a savings account.
Need for consumer protection; methods of Find out the details of various Agency &
consumer protection - self-help, legislative General utility services provided by the bank.
measures and consumer
associations/NGOs, Consumer Protection 4. Compare the interest rates offered by five
Act, 2019 – Meaning of Consumer, Rights different commercial banks on fixed deposits
and responsibilities of consumers. under various categories (general and senior
citizens) and various time durations.
The Consumer Disputes Redressal
Commissions (National, State and District). Find out the procedure and formalities for
opening a fixed deposit account.
Difference between Consumer Protection
Act, 1986 and Consumer Protection Act, What is the procedure for closing the account
2019. on maturity and before maturity period?
5. Select five different companies across varying
PAPER II – PROJECT WORK – 20 Marks industries such as I.T., textiles, FMCG, Health
Candidates will be expected to have completed two Care, etc., included in the SENSEX. Keeping a
projects from any topic covered in Theory. hypothetical base money of Rupees One Lakh,
invest in the shares of the selected companies.
The project work will be assessed by the teacher The movement of share prices selected by you
and a Visiting Examiner appointed locally and should be monitored over a period of one
approved by the Council. month on a daily basis. A uniform / standard
Mark allocation for each Project [10 marks]: practice of either using the opening price or the
closing price on a particular day of the week
Overall format 1 mark should be used by all students in the class.
Content 4 marks At the end of the month, analyse your
Findings 2 marks investment in a spread sheet and give reasons
for your choice of scripts.
Viva-voce based on the Project 3 marks

3
(ISC Revised Syllabus 2024)
6. Find out the names of companies under various 9. Choose two companies of the same industry.
sectors (FMCG, Pharma, automobile, etc) Study their organizational structure. Also give
included in the NIFTY and the SENSEX. information with regard to:
Make a chart of the same and track its (i) Hierarchy
movements over a period of one week.
(ii) Centralization and delegation of authority
7. (a) Study the sources of recruitment and steps
(iii) Flow of information (scalar chain)
involved in the selection procedure adopted
by two companies of the same industry. (iv) Span of control
(b) Compare and evaluate the sources of (v) Channel of communication.
recruitment and the selection process 10. Select any business undertaking. Study the
adopted by the selected companies. selected business in terms of ownership, capital
8. Formulate a capital plan for a hypothetical and profitability.
business organization. Make a S.W.O.T. analysis and present it in a
Justify your formulated plan. tabular form.

NOTE: No question paper for Project Work will be

set by CISCE.

4
(ISC Revised Syllabus 2024)
 SAMPLE TABLE FOR PROJECT WORK
S. Unique PROJECT 1 PROJECT 2 TOTAL
No. Identification MARKS
Number A B C D E F G H I J
(Unique ID) Teacher Visiting Average Viva-Voce Total Teacher Visiting Average Viva- Total (E + J)
of the Examiner Marks by Visiting Marks Examiner Marks Voce by Marks
candidate (A + B ÷ 2) Examiner (C + D) (F + G ÷ Visiting (H + I)
2) Examiner
7 Marks* 7 Marks* 7 Marks 3 Marks 10 Marks 7 Marks* 7 Marks* 7 Marks 3 Marks 10 Marks 20 Marks

10

*Breakup of 7 Marks to be awarded separately by

Name of Teacher:
the Teacher and the Visiting Examiner is as
follows:
Signature: Date
Overall Format 1 Mark
Content 4 Marks Name of Visiting Examiner
Findings 2 Marks
Signature: Date
NOTE: VIVA-VOCE (3 Marks) for each Project is to be conducted only by the Visiting Examiner, and should be based on the Project only.

5
(ISC Revised Syllabus 2024)