HIS101 Learning Materials 2

HIS101 – READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
LEARNING MATERIALS
HISTORY
- is the study of the past specifically people, societies, events, and our attempt to investigate the
past.
- Is the study how the past is interpreted using primary and secondary sources.
HISTORIOGRAPHY
- is a process whereby historians gather information about the past based on evidence
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY
- Is that by learning about mistakes of the past, people will less likely to repeat them.
- Is that in order to understand why society is the way it is today.
- It can be used to predict how people might respond or act in a particular situation as well.
NHCP stands for National Historical Commission of the Philippines
“No Document, No History” means that unless a written document can prove a certain historical
event, then it cannot be considered as a historical fact.
SITE OF FIRST MASS
AUGUST 19, 2020

– National Historical Commission of the Philippines confirm Limasawa as the site of the first Catholic
Mass in the country
MARCH 31, 1521
– first mass in the Philippines celebrated
LIMASAWA
– place conducted the first mass in the Philippines
SOUTHERN LEYTE
– present-day province where the first Catholic mass was celebrated
FR. PEDRO DE VALDERRAMA
– officiated the first mass in the Philippines
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
– personal chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan and one of the members of Magellan’s expedition, and
also, an eyewitness of the first mass
JAMES ALEXANDER ROBERTSON
– provided an English translation of Pigafetta's holographs in 1906
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FIRST MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES
– It marked the beginning of Christianity in the Philippines
CAVITE MUTINY
– It is one of the factors that ignited the Filipino sense of nationhood and eventually led to the
Philippine Revolution in 1986
3 FILIPINO MARTYR PRIESTS:

- MARIANO GOMEZ (the only pure-blooded Tagalog among GOMBURZA)
- JOSE BURGOS
- JACINTO ZAMORA
Soldiers and laborers instigate the mutiny because they believed it could lead to a nationwide
uprising
Secularists campaigning for reforms were arrested for alleged support they provided among the
mutineers
GOMBURZA charged with Conspiracy against Spain
The garrote execution of GOMBURZA happened in Bagumbayan
The "magnanimity" of the Spanish sovereign was the reason given for sentencing some mutineers to
ten years imprisonment instead of execution
Filipino soldiers who led the Cavite Mutiny were executed by the Spanish authorities
FEBRUARY 17, 1872
– the three martyred priests were executed
APRIL 4, 1871
– Rafael de Esquierdo assumed control of the government as Governor General
FORT SAN FELIPE
– Cavite Mutiny takes place
RAFAEL IZQUIERDO
– Governor-General of the Philippines when Cavite Mutiny transpired
FERNANDO ROJAS
– is the military governor of Cavite who dispatched two Spaniards to inform the Manila authorities of
the uprising
JOSE MONTERO Y VIDAL
– is the Spanish historian who wrote the Spaniards' version of the Cavite mutiny
DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA
– wrote the Filipinos' version of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
INSURRECTION, UPRISING, REVOLUTION
– are the words that Rafael de Ezquierdo used to describe Cavite Mutiny
SERGEANT FERNANDO LA MADRID
– He is the leader of Cavite Mutiny and has been strangulated as a punishment for taking part in the
uprising.
RETRACTION OF RIZAL
JOSÉ PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA

Two Major works of Rizal:
- Noli Me Tangere
- El Filibusterismo
FATHER VICENTE BALAGUER

– claimed that he was the one who solemnized the marriage of Josephine Bracken
LUIZ VIZA MARTI
– is the priest who brought to Rizal the statuette of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
FR. MANUEL A. GARCIA
– allegedly found a document substantiating Rizal's retraction
In the last 24 hours of his stay at Fort Santiago, Rizal retracted his masonic affiliation, wrote and
signed the retraction documents and was married to Josephine Bracken.
CRY OF BALINTAWAK
EL GRITO DE REBELION – is the Spanish phrase for "cry", which means a call for revolution
ANDRES BONIFACIO – led Katipuneros to rose up up in revolt against the Spanish colonial rule
AUGUST 26, 1896 – the general assembly of the Katipunan held
On August 26th, a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the house of Apolonio Samson, the
Cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan
By tearing their cedulas it is the sign of the Katipuneros that they were no longer tolerating Spanish
Exploitation
The Katipuneros tore their cedulas to express protest to the Spanish government.
"Long live the Philippines! Long live the Philippines!",

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HIS101 – READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

NHCP stands for National Historical Commission of the Philippines

SITE OF FIRST MASS

AUGUST 19, 2020

3 FILIPINO MARTYR PRIESTS:

JOSÉ PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA

FATHER VICENTE BALAGUER

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