APP CMC057 EN - Material

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live
DIY Chiller Plant Performance Modeling: Easy and Easier

Presenters: Chris Hsieh, Mick Schwedler, Charlie Jelen and Jeanne Harshaw (host)
Trane Engineers Newsletter LIVE Series DIY Chiller Plant Performance Modeling: Easy and Easier
Agenda
Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Series

Abstract
Analyzing chilled-water plants and optimizing their performance with building loads is desirable to minimize
energy use. However, chiller plant design often is set during the schematic design phase, when there are many unknowns.
This ENL examines a number of quick analysis tools available that help system designers determine which
chilled-water plant design options benefit the building owner and result in efficient system operation.
Presenters: Trane engineers Chris Hsieh, Mick Schwedler and Charlie Jelen
After viewing attendees will be able to:

1. Identify key criteria needed for an accurate chiller plant model
2. Summarize various tools available today and the benefits as well as drawbacks of each
3. Compare results of various tools
4. Explain the methodology used in the latest tool from Trane (myPLV™)
Agenda
• What makes an accurate analysis?
• What makes a simple analysis?
• Analysis tools available today - benefits and drawbacks
• myPLV overview and demo
• Chiller Plant Analyzer overview
• Analysis comparison of results
©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 1

Presenter biographies
Chris Hsieh | systems engineer | Trane

Chris serves as Trane liaison to all industry-related green/environmental initiatives, including programs such as ENERGY STAR®, LEED,
and Green Globes. He served as a past member of the TFM Green Building Advisory Board, CSI’s GreenFormat™ task team, and USGBC’s
Education Events Committee. Chris is a consultant for ASHRAE SSPC 189.1 committee since 2013. He holds bachelor and master
degree in electrical engineering from National Kaohsiung Institute of Technology in Taiwan and Southern Methodist University,
respectively. Chris assisted with LEED certification (Silver, Gold and Certified) for several Trane office and facility buildings.
He is a LEED-Accredited Professional BD+C, UL Environment DfS Gold certified, as well as a member of ASHRAE.
Charlie Jelen | chiller marketing engineer | Trane

Charlie joined Trane in 2012 after graduating from the University of Minnesota with a Bachelor of Science degree in
mechanical engineering. Prior to joining the Trane chiller team, Charlie worked in the Customer Direct Services (C.D.S.)
department as a product manager for the TRACE™ 700 load design and energy simulation software. As a C.D.S. marketing
engineer he supported and trained customers globally. In his current role, Charlie is primarily responsible for pre-sale support to
the sales organization for all of Trane’s water-cooled portfolio. Charlie is currently involved with ASHRAE at the local level
serving on the board of governors.
Mick Schwedler | application engineer | Trane

Mick has been involved in the development, training, and support of mechanical systems for Trane since 1982.
With expertise in system optimization and control (in which he holds patents), and in chilled-water system design,
Mick’s primary responsibility is to help designers properly apply Trane products and systems. Mick provides one-on-one support,
writes technical publications, and presents seminars.
Mick is an ASHRAE Fellow and member of the Board of Directors. He is a recipient of ASHRAE’s Distinguished Service
and Standards Achievement Awards. He is past Chair of SSPC 90.1 and contributed to the ASHRAE GreenGuide.
Mick earned his mechanical engineering degree from Northwestern University and holds a master’s degree from the
University of Wisconsin Solar Energy Laboratory.

DIY Chiller Plant Performance Modeling:

Easy and Easier
“Trane” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education System. Credit earned on completion of this program will
be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion are
available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional

education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of
construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product.
Credit for viewing today’s program can be applied toward LEED credential
maintenance requirements .
www.USGBC.org
Visit the Registered Continuing Education Programs (RCEP) Website for

individual state continuing education requirements for Professional
Engineers.
www.RCEP.net

Copyrighted Materials
This presentation is protected by U.S. and international

copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display, and
use of the presentation without written permission of
Trane is prohibited.
© 2016 Trane, a business of Ingersoll Rand. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
1. Identify criteria that is needed for an accurate analysis tool

2. Summarize the various types of analysis tools available
today and the pros and cons of each
3. Explain the methodology used in myPLV
4. Identify key data in myPLV reports

Today’s Presenters
Mick Schwedler Chris Hsieh Charlie Jelen

Manager, Applications Systems Engineer Chiller Marketing
Engineer Engineer
Agenda
• What makes an accurate model
• Various analysis tools available
• Pros and cons
• Chiller performance analysis
example

Energy Modeling
• Serve entire building and chiller plant
Purpose
• Find the right tool

• Variables tailored to your locale and market
• Leverage current available tools
Process • Recognize strength and limitation
• Serve each stage of design and construction
• Compare and validate

Payoff
Stages of an Energy Model
Pre-design/ Schematic Design Construction

conceptual design development documentation
design

Building Energy Simulation
Weather Load System Plant Economic

profile Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis
Building System Plant Economic

Description Description Description Data
Source: Chapter 19 of ASHRAE handbook 2013 – fundamentals
Chiller Specific Tool

Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV)
In summary, it is best to use a comprehensive analysis that
reflects the actual weather data, building load characteristics,
operational hours, economizer capabilities and energy drawn by
auxiliaries such as pumps and cooling towers, when calculating
the chiller and system efficiency. The intended use of the IPLV
(NPLV) rating is to compare the performance of similar
technologies, enabling a side-by-side relative comparison, and to
provide a second certifiable rating point that can be referenced by
energy codes. A single metric, such as design efficiency or
IPLV shall not be used to quantify energy savings.
Source: ANSI/AHRI 550/590 Appendix D

Key Parameters for an Energy Model

1. Weather
2. Building type/load
3. Utilization schedule
4. Utility rate (actual)
5. Economizers
6. Optimization controls
7. Chiller performance
8. Chiller pump/tower energy use
9. Calculation engine
Key parameter for an energy model
Weather Library
• Dry-bulb temperature
• Wet-bulb temperature
• Cloud factor
• Wind speed
• Pressure
Source: ASHRAE

Building Type
• Office
• Government
• School
• Healthcare
• Retail
• Multi-family
Utilization
• Occupancy schedule
• Heating schedule
and setpoints
• Cooling schedule
and setpoints

Utility Rates
• Energy types
• Demand and
consumption rate
• Renewable energy
What makes a simple analysis?

Modeling Program
• Pre-packaged library members
• Weather files
• Utilization schedules
• Equipment library
• Templates
• Airside systems
• Materials
• Wizards
Rapid Analysis
• Spreadsheets
• Dedicated software

Transparent
\tran(t)s-ˈper-ənt\
2a: “free from pretense or deceit
2b: “easily detected or seen through”
2c: “readily understood”
Source: Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary
Agenda
• Pros and cons
example

Available Tools
• Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH)
• Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV)
• Spreadsheets
• Energy analysis programs
Definition
Annual Equivalent Full Load Hours
Number of hours that an air-conditioner would run at full
load to consume the same amount of electric energy it
consumes on average over the course of an entire year.
• ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals 1985
Full Load
• ENERGY STAR Center Air Conditioner
– savings calculator
Avg Load • Local experience (California, Minnesota,
Massachusetts)
• U.S. Deptartment.of Housing and Urban
EFLH 8760 hours Development

Estimate Annual Energy Consumption
Annual $ = EFLH x Peak Tons x Full Load kW/ton x $/kWh
Where do you find EFLH?

• Google? No
• Wiki? No
• App? No
• Trane Air Conditional Manual?
Not really…
• 1985 ASHRAE Handbook?
Not by building type…
Stockmonkey.com

Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV)

AHRI Conditions:
Chilled Water: 44°F 1
2.4 GPM/Ton = 0.42
Condenser Water: 1% + 42% + 45% + 12%
3 GPM/Ton
.58
A .50
B .40
C .30
D
Temperatures:
Expected Entering
Tower Water
A = kW/Ton @ 85ºF @ 100% Load
B = kW/Ton @ 75ºF @ 75% Load
C = kW/Ton @ 65ºF @ 50% Load
D = kW/Ton @ 65ºF @ 25% Load
Building Energy Simulation
Weather Load System Plant Economic

profile Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis
Building System Plant Economic

Description Description Description Data
Integrated Part Load Value

Blended
weather
Chiller Analysis
(Single Metric)
Blended
loads

IPLV
1
= 0.42
1% 42% 45% 12%
+ + +
.58 .50 .40 .30
Energy Analysis
$
$ . . .
Issues IPLV
• Weighted, but…
• Uses combined utility rates
• What do we multiply by?

Spreadsheet
Spreadsheets
Dry Load Wet # Hours Tower
Bulb Bulb Approach
90-95 100
85-90 90
80-85 80
Hard to
75-80 70
get right
70-75 60
65-70 50
60-65 40

Accurate
Three essential components for forward modeling
• Input variables
• Weather • Optimization controls
• Utility rate (actual)
• Building type/load
• Chiller performance
• Utilization schedule
• Chiller pump/tower energy use
• Economizers
• System structure and parameters
• Output
Calculation engine
• ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140: Standard method of test for the
evaluation of building energy analysis computer programs
Source: ASHRAE Handbook 2013 – Fundamentals
ASHRAE Standard 140
Building Energy Software Tools at IBPSA-USA
TRACE™ 700

TRACE™/Energy Plus/ HAP™
more accurate
Comprehensive energy models
less simple
more simple
spreadsheets
IPLV
EQFH
less accurate

Agenda
• Pros and cons
example
Chiller type
and
manufacturer
agnostic
Annual
Easy to building
use load
profile
Accurate
myPLV™
Local
ROI
Weather
(Utilities)
Condenser
water Number of
system chillers in
control the system
strategy

myPLV
• Measure
• Region/country/state/city
• Custom load profile
Location
• Global Locations
• 8760 TMY Weather
• Condenser Control

myPLV
• Load profiles
• Chiller type
• Peak load
• Number of chillers
• Size of each chiller
Load Profiles
Office with economizer

myPLV
• Tower control
Tower Control
Full Tower Fan Flow
16
14
12
tower approach (°F)
10
0
25% 50% 75% 100%
% plant capacity

Hour Load Wet Bulb Approach Calc ECWT ECWT

1 75 60 9 69 70
Tower Control 2 50 70 4.5 74.5 74.5
Fixed temperature:
Setpoint 70º F 3 25 80 1.5 81.5 81.5
16
14
12
10
0
25% 50% 75% 100%
% plant capacity
Hour Load Wet Bulb Calc Approach Approach ECWT

1 100 50 15 15 65
Tower Control 2 75 60 9 9 69
Fixed approach = 7º F
3 50 70 5 7 77
16
14
12
10
0
25% 50% 75% 100%
% plant capacity

Tower Control
Chiller tower optimization
400
total
300
energy consumption, kW
200 chiller optimal control point
100
tower
0
72 74 76 78 80 82 84
condenser water temperature, ºF
myPLV
• myPLV inputs
• Weightings
• ECWT
• Ton-hrs

myPLV
• Bid Form
myPLV
• Charts

myPLV Benefits
• Third-party load profiles
• Building type
• Location
• Economizer use
• Demand and consumption charges
• Number of chillers
• Calculates the ton-hours
• Tower control
• Manufacturer agnostic
myPLV Drawbacks
• Not for system comparison


400
total
energy consumption, kW
300
chiller optimal control point
200
tower
100
0 72 74 76 78 80 82 84
condenser water temperature, ºF

myPLV vs NPLV
710 ton Office with two 500-ton WC chillers with AFDs
Tower control = Fixed temp 55°F
Load Jacksonville Wash DC Grand Rapids Calgary

Tons Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT
125 11.3 64.2 25.6 62.8 22.9 64.7 30.0 61.3
250 42.8 76.9 35.8 75.1 38.3 73.1 34.0 68.8
375 33.6 79.4 28.2 78.2 29.8 75.9 27.0 73.0
470 12.3 82.3 10.4 80.1 9.0 79.5 9.0 76.1
Ton-hrs 1,434,230 797,333 582,672 372,684

myPLV vs NPLV
710 ton Office with two 500-ton WC chillers with AFDs
Tower control = Fixed temp 55°F
Load Jacksonville Wash DC Grand Rapids Calgary

Tons Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT Weight
Weight ECWT
ECWT
125 11.3 64.2 25.6 62.8 22.9 64.7 30.0 61.3
250 42.8 76.9 35.8 75.1 38.3 73.1 34.0 68.8
375 33.6 79.4 28.2 78.2 29.8 75.9 27.0 73.0
470 12.3 82.3 10.4 80.1 9.0 79.5 9.0 76.1
Ton-hrs 1,434,230 797,333 582,672 372,684
myPLV 0.457 0.418 0.410 0.357
NPLV 0.346
myPLV vs NPLV
710 ton office with 2 x 500 ton chillers
0.5
0.4
Kw/ton
0.3
myPLV
0.2
NPLV
0.1
0
Calgary Washington Grand Rapids Jacksonville
DC

800000 Jacksonville
700000
600000
Washington DC
500000
Condenser Water Pump

400000
Tower Fans
Grand Rapids, MI
Chiller
300000
200000 Calgary, Alberta
100000
0
Base CTO CTO Low Base CTO CTO Low Base CTO CTO Low Base CTO CTO Low
Flow Flow Flow Flow
Coefficient of Performance
COP = Useful work out/power in
Chiller Pump
• COP = 3.516 / (kW/ton) • COP = Efficiency
• kW/ton = 0.580 • Efficiency = 70%
• COP = 3.516 / 0.580 • COP = 0.70
• COP = 6.06

Cooling Tower and Chiller kW

350
300
250
200 Tower
kW
150 Chiller
100
50
0
25% 50% 75% 100%
chiller load
Cooling Tower and Chiller kW

100%
10%
80% 40%
60% Tower
kW
40% Chiller
20%
0%
25% 50% 75% 100%
chiller load

myPLV vs NPLV
400-ton School with two 200-ton AC chillers
19
18
17
EER
myPLV
16 NPLV
15
14
Las Vegas Seattle Kansas City Houston
High School
VPF Series
400000
Houston
• Lower installed cost
350000
• Lower operating cost
• SimplerLas
300000 control
Vegas
250000
Kansas City
200000
150000
100000 Seattle
50000

Tower Control
2000-ton Hospital with three 700-ton WC chillers
Chiller Tower NPLV
Fixed Temp 55°F Optimization
85°F
65°F
1%
1%
65°F 75°F
11% 10%
85°F
29%
75°F 65°F
42% 57%
75°F 85°F
60% 89%
Entering Condenser Water Assumptions

2000-ton Hospital with three 700-ton WC chillers with AFDs
Tower control: Fixed temp 55°F

≤65°F 75°F 85°F
11% 61% 28%
Philidelphia
Miami
Phoenix
Toronto
NPLV
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Entering Condenser Water Assumptions

2000-ton Hospital with three 700-ton WC chillers with AFDs
Tower control: Fixed temp 55°F Tower control: Chiller tower optimization
≤65°F 75°F 85°F ≤65°F 75°F 85°F

Philidelphia
Miami
Phoenix
Toronto
NPLV
0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
more accurate
Comprehensive energy models
CPA
myPLV
less simple
more simple
spreadsheets
IPLV
EQFH
less accurate

www.trane.com/bookstore
Where to Learn More
www.trane.com/bookstore
www.trane.com/ContinuingEducation
LEED Continuing Education Courses

on-demand, no charge, up to 1.5 CE credits
• Variable-Speed Compressors on Chillers

• Coil Selection and Optimization
• Specifying Quality Sound
• ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010
• ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
• High-Performance VAV Systems
• Single-Zone VAV Systems
• Ice Storage Design and Control
• All Variable-Speed Chiller Plant Operation

Remaining 2016 Programs
• Delivering
Performance from
Airside Economizers
• New Fan Efficiency
Regulations and
Technologies
• Acoustics in Outdoor
Applications
DIY Chiller Plant Performance Modeling:

Easy and Easier

Trane Engineers Newsletter LIVE: DIY Chiller Plant Performance Modeling: Easy and Easier
APP‐CMC057‐EN QUIZ
1) Should weather data and building type load be considered as part of the energy analysis?
a. True
b. False
2) According to IPLV Appendix D, which of the following factors had not been considered?
a. a. actual weather data
b. b. building load characteristics
c. c. operational hours
d. d. economizer capabilities
e. e. pumps and cooling towers
f. f. all of the above
3) Why choose Energy modeling software over IPLV or Equivalent Full Load Hours?
a. a. LEED compliance
b. b. Energy Policy Act
c. c. Owner’s requirement
d. d. Local code requirement
e. e. all of the above
4) IPLV Stands for Isometric Part Load Value.

a. True
b. False
5) What weighting does IPLV give to the 100% Load and 85 Entering Condenser Water bucket?
a. 1%
b. 10%
c. 55%
d. 99%
6) How many cooling tower control strategies are included in myPLV for water‐cooled chillers?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Bibliography
March 2016 Industry Resources (www.ashrae.org/bookstore)

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.1‐2013: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low‐Rise Residential Buildings.
DIY Chiller Plant
Performance Modeling: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140‐2011: Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis
Easy and Easier Computer Programs
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169‐2006: Weather Data for Building Design Standards
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.1‐2013 User’s Manual.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 550/590‐2011: Performance Rating Of Water‐Chilling and Heat Pump Water‐Heating
Packages Using the Vapor Compression Cycle
2013 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals; 2013, Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.
Trane Application Manuals

Order from <www.trane.com/bookstore>
Hanson, S., M. Schwedler, Multiple Chiller System Design and Control, application manual
SYS‐APM001‐EN, 2012.
Trane Engineers Newsletters

Available to download from www.trane.com/engineersnewsletter (Waterside)
Sullivan, B., “Chiller Selection Made Easier with myPLV,” 2015, volume 44‐4.
Trane Engineers Newsletters Live Programs

Available from www.trane.com/ContinuingEducation
Hanson, S., M. Schwedler, B. Spalding. “Upgrading Existing Chilled‐Water Systems,” Engineers Newsletter Live
program (2011) APP‐CMC041‐EN.
Hanson, S., M. Patterson. “Chilled‐Water System Design Trends,” Engineers Newsletter Live program (2015)
APP‐CMC056‐EN.
Trane Air Conditioning Clinics

Available to order from www.trane.com/bookstore
Helical Rotary Water Chillers (1999) TRG‐TRC012‐EN.
Centrifugal Water Chillers (1999) TRG‐TRC010‐EN
Analysis Software (trial versions available for download)

Trane Air‐Conditioning and Economics (TRACE™ 700). Available at www.trane.com/TRACE
Trane myPLV™ chiller performance evaluation tool available at www.trane.com/myplv
Trane Chiller Plant Analyzer evaluation tool available at www.traneCDS.com (see Analysis Tools)
Product Information
Optimus™ Chiller Model RTHD: Sales Brochure: RLC‐SLB031‐EN, Catalog: RLC‐PRC020F‐EN
Stealth™ Chiller Model RTAE: Sales Brochure: RLC‐SLB026‐EN, Catalog: RLC‐PRC042D‐EN
Sintesis™ Chiller Model RTAF: Sales Brochure: RLC‐SLB036‐EN, Catalog: RLC‐PRC049‐EN
EarthWise™ CenTraVac™ Chillers: Brochures: CTV‐SLB026‐EN, CTV‐SLB041‐EN, CTV‐SLB042‐EN,
Catalog: CTV‐PRC007L‐EN (120‐3950 ton, 50 and 60 Hz), AFDJ‐PRC001‐EN (AFD with Tracer™ AdaptiView™)

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Trane Engineers Newsletter Live

DIY Chiller Plant Performance Modeling: Easy and Easier

Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Series

After viewing attendees will be able to:

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 1

Chris Hsieh | systems engineer | Trane

Charlie Jelen | chiller marketing engineer | Trane

Mick Schwedler | application engineer | Trane

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 2

DIY Chiller Plant Performance Modeling:

“Trane” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional

Visit the Registered Continuing Education Programs (RCEP) Website for

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 3

This presentation is protected by U.S. and international

1. Identify criteria that is needed for an accurate analysis tool

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 4

Mick Schwedler Chris Hsieh Charlie Jelen

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 5

• Find the right tool

• Compare and validate

Stages of an Energy Model

Pre-design/ Schematic Design Construction

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 6

Building Energy Simulation

Weather Load System Plant Economic

Building System Plant Economic

Source: Chapter 19 of ASHRAE handbook 2013 – fundamentals

Chiller Specific Tool

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 7

Key Parameters for an Energy Model

Key parameter for an energy model

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 8

Key parameter for an energy model

Key parameter for an energy model

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 9

Key parameter for an energy model

What makes a simple analysis?

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 10

Source: Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 11

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 12

Estimate Annual Energy Consumption

Annual $ = EFLH x Peak Tons x Full Load kW/ton x $/kWh

Where do you find EFLH?

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 13

Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV)

Building Energy Simulation

Weather Load System Plant Economic

Building System Plant Economic

Integrated Part Load Value

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 14

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 15

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 16

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 17

TRACE™/Energy Plus/ HAP™

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 18

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 19

©2016 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Trane No. App-CMC057-EN 20