SocSci 103 Chapter 10 Sustainable Development

Chapter 10: Sustainable Development
Introduction:
Did you ever wonder how the simple word “sustain” has become
significant in the present time, especially, in discussions
concerning the future of mankind? The interrelated terms
“sustainability” and “sustainable development” both suggest that
the essential things used in this world need to be maintained, particularly
the natural resources, despite being used by people continuously.
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this topic, learners should be able to:
1. Define sustainability in the context of globalization;

2. Define and understand global sustainable development; and
3. Familiarize with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
4. Equip students with 21st century learning and develop higher order
thinking skills that will lead towards a deeper understanding of the
concept of Sustainable Development and more importantly finds its
practical application in the country and in oneself.
Discussion:
SUSTAINABILITY
Most definitions of sustainability point out that the term is

interwoven with activities pertaining to globalization and
economic development since they emphasize the need for
everyone to have an awareness on conserving the natural
environment as well as the need for countries to act in
concerted fashion in order to address global environmental
issues and the destructive effect that the production of
material goods and their consumption by humans can have on the natural
surroundings.
Sustainability as a Science. It is considered as “the study of how natural

systems function, remain diverse and produce everything it needs for the
ecology to remain in balance.” At the core of this view is the understanding
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of the need to keep a balance between modern living, which highlights
human consumption of the finite natural resources, and the maintenance of
the natural environment.
Sustainable Development
The concept of sustainable development was officially introduced to the

international community in 1987.
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs if the

present ,without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs. It contains within it two key points:
1. The concept of “needs” in particular, the essential needs of the

world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and
2. The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and
social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present
and future needs.
By showing concern on the needs of the present and the impact it may bring
on the needs of the future generations, the initial definition of sustainable
development is formed from an intergenerational framework. From the
notion of an intergenerational framework in 1987, sustainable development
has evolved into a concept that stress inclusivity in the attainment of
environmentally sustainable economic growth.
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
During the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000, under the

leadership of former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, The UN General
Assembly announced the adoption of the United Nations Millennium
Declaration, which called for a global partnership to primarily reduce
extreme poverty. Accompanying the UN Millennium Declaration were the
eight (8) objectives, which would be known as the Millennium Development
Goals. Listed below are the eight(8)Millennium Development Goals, as
follows:
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

2. Achieve universal primary education.
3. Promote gender equality and empower women.
4. Reduce child mortality.
5. Improve mental health.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
7. Ensure environmental sustainability.
8. Develop a global partnership for development.
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Eventually, assessments were made concerning the success in achieving the
enumerated eight MDGs after the deadline set in 2015. Below are some of
the highlights of UNDP’s publication:
1. The world met and exceeded its first MDG target reducing the
number of people living in extreme poverty by more that half.
2. Although the world narrowly missed the MDG target, the
proportion of chronically undernourished people in developing
countries fell from around 23 percent in 1990 to under 12
percent today.
3. The world met its education target, reducing the number of out-
of-school children of primary school age from 100 million in
2000 to 57 million in 2015.
4. Women worldwide now make up 41 percent of paid workers
outside the agricultural sector, an increase from 35 percent in
1990.
5. In developing countries, the number of under five child-deaths
declined from around 13 million in 1990 to 6 million in 2015.
From 1990 to 2015 the speed of progress more than tripled.
6. New HIV infections dropped by 40 percent between 2000 to
2013. In 2014, over 13 million people living with HIV received
antiretrovial therapy, compared with just 800,000 in 2003.
7. Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis interventions saved an
estimated 37 million lives.
8. In 2015, 91 percent of the global population had an improved
source of drinking water, compared to 76 percent in 1990. Over
half the population can now access piped drinking water on
premises.
9. After stagnating, official development assistance rose by an
unprecedented 66 percent between 2000 and 2014.
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10. The resources developing countries diverted to pay off external
debts fell from an average 12 percent of export revenue in 2000,
to 3 percent in 2013.
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
The United Nations took the lead in defining the future global development
framework that would succeed the MDGs. On September 25, 2015, all
members of UN General Assembly agreed to adopt the 2030 Development
Agenda entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development.”
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines the 17 sustainable

Development Goals:
1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10. Reduced Inequality
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life in Land
16. Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
17. Partnership to achieve the Goal.
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SDGs are described as a mixture of global development and sustainability.
While MDG focused on poverty reduction, the STGs include new themes
which reflect an approach that sees the environment, economy and society
as embedded systems rather than separate incompatible pillars.
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Name: Date:
Course: Score:
Activity
Pick at least one Sustainable Development Goals and compose a
song.
Criteria:
Message-25%
Clairty-20%
Timeliness- 20%
Originality- 20%
Overall Presentation-15%
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Chapter 10: Sustainable Development

At the end of this topic, learners should be able to:

1. Define sustainability in the context of globalization;

Most definitions of sustainability point out that the term is

Sustainability as a Science. It is considered as “the study of how natural

The concept of sustainable development was officially introduced to the

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs if the

1. The concept of “needs” in particular, the essential needs of the

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

During the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000, under the

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines the 17 sustainable

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