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Key Distribution

The document discusses key distribution in symmetric cryptography and its challenges. It covers different approaches for distributing secret keys between parties, including physical delivery, use of a third party, and reusing previous keys. It also discusses session keys that are one-time use versus permanent keys. For public key cryptography, it outlines methods like public announcement of keys, publicly available directories, using a public key authority, and public key certificates. Overall, the document examines the important issue of securely distributing keys needed for symmetric encryption between communicating parties.

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34 views18 pages

Key Distribution

The document discusses key distribution in symmetric cryptography and its challenges. It covers different approaches for distributing secret keys between parties, including physical delivery, use of a third party, and reusing previous keys. It also discusses session keys that are one-time use versus permanent keys. For public key cryptography, it outlines methods like public announcement of keys, publicly available directories, using a public key authority, and public key certificates. Overall, the document examines the important issue of securely distributing keys needed for symmetric encryption between communicating parties.

Uploaded by

sameer15112000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem of Symmetric Cryptography Algorithm

Henric Johnson 1
Key Distribution
 Symmetric schemes require both parties to share a
common/same secret key.
 Issue is how to securely distribute this key.
 So some mechanism is required for secure transmission
of key is known as key distribution.
 often secure system fails due to a break in the key
distribution scheme.
Key Management
1. Authentication of the users of the key.
2. Generation of key.
3. Distribution of key.
4. Storage of key.

3
Key Distribution
 Given parties A and B have various key
distribution alternatives:
1. A can select key and physically deliver to B.
2. Third party can select & deliver key to A & B.
3. If A & B have communicated previously can use
previous key to encrypt a new key
4. If A & B have secure communications with a third
party C, C can relay key between A & B
Key Distribution

 Session key:
 Data encrypted with a one-time session key. At the
conclusion of the session the key is destroyed.
 Permanent key:
 Used between entities for the purpose of distributing
session keys.

Henric Johnson 5
Automatic Key Distribution
 Session Key
 Used for duration of one logical connection
 Destroyed at end of session
 Used for user data
 Permanent key
 Used for distribution of keys
 Key distribution center
 Determines which systems may communicate
 Provides one session key for that connection
 Front end processor
 Performs end to end encryption
 Obtains keys for host
Henric Johnson 7
Key Distribution in Public key Crypto
 Following are the 4 ways
1. Public Announcement
2. Publicly available directory
3. Public key Authority
4. Public key Certificate

Henric Johnson 8
1. Public Announcement
 Broadcasted by the owner of the key.
 Limitation:=
I. Forge key
II. Misuse it
III. No Control on accessing of the key

Henric Johnson 9
2. Publicly Available Directory
 Directory of Keys is maintained by third party
 Directory is Password protected
 Only Registered User can access it
Name Public Key
A 115
B 215

 Hacking:=
I. Password of the Directory being steal

Henric Johnson 10
3. Public Key Authority(PKA)
 Public key of the user can only be accessed by
decrypting reply message of PKA.

 Private key of PKA used for encryption purpose & vice-


versa.

 Limitation:=
I. Reuse of public key by either party in future.
II. System slow down due too overhead.

Henric Johnson 11
 T1 & T2 – time of request
 N1 & N2 – random number called as nounce.
 IDA – network address of Initiator A for communication
 Step 7- Initiator A confirm the Request by replying back.

Henric Johnson 12
3. Public Key Certificate(PKC)
 Suggested by Kohnfelder.
 Initiator sends name & his public key.
 Public keys are exchanged by means of certificates.
 Private key of PKC used for encryption purpose & vice-
versa.
 Certificate contains information such as time of the
request, network address & public key of the user who
made the request.

Henric Johnson 13
PKC Overview

14
Key Distribution Issues
 Hierarchies of KDC’s required for large networks, but
must trust each other
 Session key lifetimes should be limited for greater
security
 Use of automatic key distribution on behalf of users,
but must trust system
 Use of decentralized key distribution
 Controlling purposes keys are used for
Summary
 have considered:
 use of symmetric encryption to protect confidentiality
 need for good key distribution
 use of trusted third party KDC’s
Henric Johnson 17
Recommended Reading
 Stallings, W. Cryptography and Network Security:
Principles and Practice, 2nd edition. Prentice Hall,
1999
 Scneier, B. Applied Cryptography, New York:
Wiley, 1996
 Mel, H.X. Baker, D. Cryptography Decrypted.
Addison Wesley, 2001

Henric Johnson 18

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