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    Transformer Lec. 1

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    sudipta
    A transformer transfers electrical power from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It changes the voltage level while keeping the frequency and power the same. It works based on Faraday's law of induction - a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a conductor. The magnitude of induced voltage is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux cutting the conductor. A transformer has a primary coil, secondary coil, and magnetic core. It can step up or step down voltages based on the turns ratio of the coils. Common types include core, shell, unit, distribution, and substation transformers.

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    Transformer Lec. 1

    Uploaded by

    sudipta
    10 views12 pages
    A transformer transfers electrical power from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It changes the voltage level while keeping the frequency and power the same. It works based on Faraday's law of induction - a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a conductor. The magnitude of induced voltage is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux cutting the conductor. A transformer has a primary coil, secondary coil, and magnetic core. It can step up or step down voltages based on the turns ratio of the coils. Common types include core, shell, unit, distribution, and substation transformers.

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    A transformer transfers electrical power from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It changes the voltage level while keeping the frequency and power the same. It works based on Faraday's law of induction - a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a conductor. The magnitude of induced voltage is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux cutting the conductor. A transformer has a primary coil, secondary coil, and magnetic core. It can step up or step down voltages based on the turns ratio of the coils. Common types include core, shell, unit, distribution, and substation transformers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views12 pages

    Transformer Lec. 1

    Uploaded by

    sudipta
    A transformer transfers electrical power from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It changes the voltage level while keeping the frequency and power the same. It works based on Faraday's law of induction - a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a conductor. The magnitude of induced voltage is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux cutting the conductor. A transformer has a primary coil, secondary coil, and magnetic core. It can step up or step down voltages based on the turns ratio of the coils. Common types include core, shell, unit, distribution, and substation transformers.

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    Transformer

    Basic Idea
     A transformer is a device that changes ac electric power at one voltage
    level to ac electric power at another volt age level through the action of a
    magnetic field.

     A transformer is an electrical device that can transfer electrical power


    from one circuit to another circuit through changing the magnitude
    voltage and current and without changing the magnitude of power and
    frequency.
    Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of
    an electromotive force (i.e., voltage) across a conductor in
    a changing magnetic field.
    Faraday’s Law
    The magnitude of the emf (voltage) induced in a circuit is proportional to the
    rate of change of the magnetic flux that cuts across the circuit.

    Mathematically:
    𝑑∅
    𝐸= 𝑁 volt
    𝑑𝑡

    Where
    E= voltage
    N= number of conductor in the circuit
    𝑑∅
    = rate of change of flux
    𝑑𝑡
    ∅ = Magnetic flux
    Constructional idea

    • Transformer
    Core
    • Primary coil
    • Secondary
    coil
    Transformer Action
     Transformer action is based on the Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
    induction
     Transformer can works only on Ac supply
    When AC sinusoidal voltage is applied across the primary
    winding(coil):
     Primary current Ip flows through the primary coil
     Ip current produce a sinusoidal flux
     The sinusoidal flux complete its circuit through the entire core. i.e. the
    sinusoidal flux or time varying flux or rate of change of flux is existing in
    whole cross section of the core.
     According the Faraday’s law an emf(voltage) is induced in the secondary
    winding(coil)
     If you connect a load across the secondary coil Is current flows from the
    coil
    Transformation Ratio
    𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑠 𝑁𝑝
     = = =𝑎
    𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑝 𝑁𝑠
    where
    𝑎 is the turns ratio.
    When a transformer increase voltage the level of voltage increment is denoted
    by 𝑎 . That is a transformer increase or decrease the voltage 𝑎 times
    simultaneously it decrease or increase the current 𝑎 times .
    Detail construction:
    According to the core architecture it is two types:
    a. Core type, b. shell type

    Core type transformer shell type transformer

    https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-core-type-and-shell-
    type-transformer.html
    Some important points on construction
     High voltage winding has higher number of turns and low voltage winding
    has lower number of turns.
     High voltage winding consists of thin wire(conductor) and low voltage
    winding consists of thick wire (conductor).
     Resistance of High voltage winding is higher and the resistance of low
    voltage winding is lower.
    Some important points on construction

     In case of shell type transformer both the windings are


    placed on the same limb and practically they are placed on
    one another.
     Inner side winding is low voltage winding and outer side
    Winding is high voltage winding
    Classification of Transformer
    According to construction:
    a. core type transformer
    b. Shell type transformer
    According to voltage level
    a. Step-up
    b. Step-down
    According to use
    a. Unit transformer - A transformer connected to the output of a
    generator and used to step its voltage up to transmission levels ( 110+ kV)
    is sometimes called a unit transformer.
    b. Distribution transformer - The transformer that takes the distribution
    voltage and steps it down to the final voltage at which the power is actually used
    (110, 208, 220 V, etc.) is called a distribution transformer.

    c. Instrument transformer( CT and PT)


    d. substation transformer :The transformer at the other end of the transmission
    line, which steps the voltage down from transmission levels to distribution levels (from
    2.3 to 34.5 kV), is called a substation transformer.

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