Just Released...

12TH THOROUGHLY REVISED AND EXTENSIVELY ENLARGED EDITION: 2021

Reinforced Concrete Vol. I — Now Available in Two Parts

REVISED
& ENLARGED

By
Dr. H. J. Shah

REINFORCED CONCRETE
NE
W VOL. I
PART-I PART-II
Edition : 12th Edition : 2021 Edition : 12th Edition : 2021
ISBN : 9789385039478 ISBN : 9789385039485
Binding : Paperback Binding : Paperback
Pages : 800 + 24 = 824 Pages : 536 + 24 = 560
Size (mm) : 235 × 37 × 170 Size (mm) : 235 × 24 × 170
Weight : 1050 g Weight : 735 g
Price : ` 700.00 Price : ` 550.00

REINFORCED
CONCRETE
Vol. I
Part-I: `700/-
Part-II: `550/-
Total: `1250/-
Set Price: `1100/-
 REINFORCED CONCRETE
VOL. I  PART-I
[ EL EM ENTARY R EI N F O R C ED C O N C R ETE ]
 REINFORCED
CONCRETE
NE Best
Vol. I
By
W r
Part-I: `700/-

Selle Dr. H. J. Shah Part-II: `550/-

Total: `1250/-
Set Price: `1100/-
Edition : 12th Edition : 2021
ISBN : 9789385039478
REVISED
Binding : Paperback & ENLARGED
Pages : 800 + 24 = 824
` 700.00 BUY Size (mm) : 235 × 37 × 170
Weight : 1050 g

ABOUT THE BOOK CONTENT

This book presents the basic principles involved in Analysis and Design of Reinforced 01 : INTRODUCTION
Concrete Structures. This 12th edition of Vol. I has been thoroughly revised and extensively 02 : PROPERTIES OF INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE
enlarged in two parts. Almost all chapters are revised with adding a plenty of new matter,
examples and figures. Mix design as per latest IS:10262 with excel programs is added. 03 : STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
A number of excel programs have been added to clarify the subject matter and design 04 : DESIGN FOR FLEXURE: FUNDAMENTALS
the elements of structure. As per prevailing market conditions the default combination of 05 : DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:
materials is revised to M20 grade concrete and Fe 500 grade steel, however, the other
combinations of materials have not been completely ignored. 06 : LIMIT STATE METHOD
The outline of the book “Reinforced Concrete Vol. I – Part I” is as mentioned below: 07 : SHEAR AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Chapter 1 to 3 discuss mainly Concrete Technology. Chapter 1 introduces the subject, while 08 : DEFLECTION AND CRACKING
chapter 2 deals with properties of ingredients of concrete. Chapter 3 deals with properties 09 : SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER BEAMS
of wet and set concrete. It explains design mix concrete and presents excel programs to
design a concrete mix for standard concretes based on IS:10262-2019. 10 : SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER BEAMS
Chapter 4 to 6 discuss fundamentals of flexure design, also discuss working stress method 11 : CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS
as well as limit state method for flexure design. It designs singly and doubly reinforced 12 : TORSION
rectangular and flanged beams for flexure.
13 : STAIRS
Chapter 7 and 8 presents design for Shear and checking for Development Length, Deflection
14 : LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR
and Cracking.
Chapter 9 and 10 deal with the design of Simply Supported and Cantilever Beams and Slabs. 15 : SIMPLE DESIGNS
Chapter 11 Continuous beams and slabs capable of free rotation at supports are discussed, 16 : FRAMED BEAMS
including redistribution of moments. APPENDIX A : SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Chapter 12 and 13 Simple cases of torsion and stairs are discussed. APPENDIX B : USEFUL TABLE
Chapter 14 and 15 Introduce the Load Calculations and Simple designs. Considering the INDEX
fundamentals developed in earlier chapters, the load calculations on simple structures like
Slabs and Beams, capable of free rotation at supports are considered. A few cases are
designed in chapter 15.
Chapter 16 Designs of Framed Beams are introduced with examples considering it appropriate
to discuss with the elements that are not free to rotate at their supports.
Now this book “Reinforced Concrete Vol. I – Part I”, in its 16 Chapters and
Appendix contains:
350 Neatly drawn sketches
063 Useful tables
167 Design problems
243 Questions at the end of the chapters
019 Excel programs
316 Short questions with answers.
The book in the present form will prove to be extremely useful to the students preparing for
the Degree examinations in Civil Engineering and Architecture of all the Indian Universities,
Diploma examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate
Courses as well as for the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., G.A.T.E., I.E.S., and other similar competitive
and professional examinations. It should also be an immense use to practicing Civil Engineers. Catalogue Checklist
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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-I
DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION (5) Hydrophobic cement
1-1. Structural design—role of a structural engineer (6) Low heat portland cement
1-2. Concrete and reinforced concrete (7) Sulphate resisting cement
1-3. Mechanics of reinforced concrete (8) High alumina cement
1-4. Advantages and limitations of using concrete (9) Super-sulphated cement
1-5. Structural elements (10) Oil-well cement
(1) Slabs (11) Ultra-rapid hardening portland cement
(2) Beams (12) White cement
(3) Columns (13) Coloured cements
(4) Walls (14) Water-proof portland cement
(5) Foundations (15) Masonry cement
1-6. Loads on structure (16) Expanding cement
(1) Dead loads (17) Quick setting cement
(2) Live loads (18) Air-entraining cement
(3) Impact loads 2-8. Selection of cement for production of concrete
(4) Wind loads 2-9. Tests for cement
(5) Earthquake loads 2-10. Fineness test
(6) Longitudinal loads (1) By dry sieving
1-7. Load combinations (2) Blaine air permeability method
1-8. Ductility versus brittleness 2-11. Consistency of standard
1-9. Strength and serviceability Cement paste
1-10. Response of a structure to wind and earthquake loads Procedure
1-11. Ordinary and ductile structures 2-12. Test for setting times
1-12. Methods of design Procedure
(1) Working stress method False set
(2) Limit state method 2-13. Soundness test
1-13. Codes of practice Procedure
1-14. Adaptation of si units 2-14. Autoclave expansion
1-15. Presentation of design calculation of a project Procedure
Questions 1 2-15. Density test
CHAPTER 2 PROPERTIES OF INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE Apparatus
2-1. Introductory Materials
Cement Procedure
2-2. General Calculation
2-3. Manufacture of portland cement Specific gravity of cement
2-4. Basic chemistry of cement 2-16. Test for compressive strength
(1) Lime 2-17. Heat of hydration test
(2) Silica 2-18. Storing of cement
(3) Alumina Mineral admixtures
(4) Iron oxide 2-19. Mineral admixtures
(5) Magnesia (1) Pozzolana
(6) Calcium sulphate (2) Ground granulated blast furnace slag
(7) Alkalis Aggregates
(8) Sulphur trioxide 2-20. Introductory
Properties of chemical compounds 2-21. Aggregate size
2-5. Chemical properties of cement (1) Single size aggregate
(1) Lime saturation factor (2) Graded aggregates
(2) Ratio of alumina to iron oxide 2-22. Fine and coarse aggregate
(3) Insoluble residue 2-23. Properties of aggregate
(4) Magnesia 2-23-1. Particle shape
(5) Total sulphate content as sulphuric anhydride 2-23-2. Surface texture
(6) Total loss on ignition 2-23-3. Strength of aggregate
2-6. Hydration of cement (1) Compressive strength of prepared samples of parent
(1) General rocks
(2) Chemistry of hydration (2) Aggregate crushing value
(3) Heat of hydration and strength (3) Ten percent fines value
(4) Rate of hydration (4) Aggregate impact value
2-7. Types of cement 2-23-4. Specific gravity
(1) Ordinary portland cement (1) Apparent specific gravity
(2) Rapid hardening cement (2) Specific gravity based on saturated surface dry basis
(3) Blast furnace slag portland cement 2-23-5. Bulk density
(4) Portland pozzolana cement 2-23-6. Water absorption and surface moisture
(1) Water absorption

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-I
DETAILED CONTENTS
(2) Surface moisture 3-6. Curing
2-23-7. Bulking of sand (1) Moist curing
2-23-8. Deleterious substances in aggregates (2) Membrane curing
(1) Organic impurities (3) Steam curing
(2) Surface coatings 3-7. Formwork for r.C.C. Members
(3) Salt contamination 3-8. Workability
(4) Weak or unsound particles (1) Slump test
2-23-9. Soundness of aggregate (2) Compacting factor test
2-23-10. Alkali-aggregate reaction (3) Vee-bee test
2-24. Sieve analysis 3-9. Factors influencing workability
Fineness modulus 3-10. Strength of concrete and w/c ratio
2-25. Standard grading (1) Compaction
(1) Coarse aggregate (2) Curing
(2) Fine aggregate (3) Fineness of aggregate
(3) All-in-aggregate (4) Fatigue and impact
2-26. Use of grading curves (5) Age
(1) Coarse aggregates (6) Compressive strength of cement and concrete
(2) Fine aggregates 3-11. Compressive strength of concrete
Water (1) Object
2-27. Water for mixing concrete (2) Equipments
2-28. Water-cement ratio and water-cementitious materials ratio (3) Preparation
Chemical admixtures (4) Capping
2-29. Admixtures (5) Testing
(1) Accelerators (6) Results
(2) Retarders 3-12. Tensile strength of concrete
(3) Water reducing admixtures (1) Split cylinder test
(4) Air-entraining agents (2) Standard beam test — modulus of rupture test
Reinforcement 3-13. Non-destructive tests
2-30. Steel as reinforcement (1) Rebound hardness test
2-31. Types of reinforcement (2) Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
(1) Plain bars 3-14. Stress-strain behaviour of concrete under short term loads
(2) High strength deformed (hsd) bars (1) Compressive loads
2-31-1. Plain bars (2) Tensile loads
(1) Mild steel bars 3-15. Short term static modulus of elasticity
(2) Medium tensile steel bars Poisson’s ratio
(3) Hard drawn wire or welded wire fabric 3-16. Shrinkage
2-31-2. High strength deformed (hsd) bars (1) Plastic shrinkage
(1) Cold twisted deformed (ctd) bars (2) Drying shrinkage
(2) Thermo-mechanically treated (tmt) bars (3) Carbonation shrinkage
2-32. Corrosion-resistant steel (4) Autogenous shrinkage
2-33. Grades of normal and enhanced quality 3-17. Creep
Hsd rebars for reinforced concrete 3-18. Durability of concrete
2-34. Bending and fixing of bars (1) Use of inferior quality materials
2-35. Welding of reinforcement (2) Improper compaction and curing
2-36. General notes for site engineers (3) Limits on cement content
Questions 2 (4) Requirements of concrete cover to steel reinforcement
Examples 2 (5) Improper design and detailing
CHAPTER 3 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 3-19. Temperature change
General 3-20. Concrete quality control
3-1. Proportioning of ingredients 3-21. Sampling and strength tests of concrete
(1) Design mix concrete (1) Sampling and frequency of sampling
(2) Nominal mix concrete (2) Strength tests
Dosage of admixtures (3) Preparing sampling and testing records
3-2. Estimation of materials for nominal mix (4) Checking the record
3-3. Measurement of materials (5) Analyse the results
(1) Mass-batching 3-22. Statistical analysis of test results
(2) Volume-batching (1) Density function
3-4. Mixing and placing of concrete (2) Normal distribution
(1) Batch mixers (3) Mean
(2) Ready mix concrete (rmc) (4) Standard deviation
(3) Continuous mixers 3-23. Standard deviation
3-5. Compaction (1) Standard deviation based on test strength of sample
(2) Assumed standard deviation

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-I
DETAILED CONTENTS
3-24. Acceptance criteria 5-6. Types of problems in singly reinforced concrete
Design mix concrete 5-7. Analysis of the section
3-25. Introductory 5-8. Design of the section
3-26. Use of plasticizers and super-plasticizers (1) Dimensions not given
Efficiency of super plasticizer (2) Dimensions are given
Mix design for ordinary and 5-9. Use of design aids
Standard grades of concrete Doubly reinforced beams
3-27. Basic assumptions 5-10. Introductory
3-28. Data for mix design 5-11. Derivation of formulae for balanced design
3-29. Target strength for mix design 5-12. Transformed area method
3-30. Assumed standard deviation 5-13. Types of problems for doubly reinforced concrete
3-31. Selection of water-cement/ 5-14. Use of design aids
Water-cementitious materials ratio Flanged beams
Portland pozzolana cement 5-15. Moment of resistance of a singly reinforced flanged beam
3-32. Estimation of air content (1) Neutral axis lies in flange
3-33. Selection of water content and admixture content (2) Neutral axis lies in web
Note for site work 5-16. Types of problems for flanged beams
Type of aggregates 5-17. Doubly reinforced flanged beams
Workability required 5-18. Slabs
Use of chemical admixtures Examples v
3-34. Calculation of cement/cementitious materials content CHAPTER 6 LIMIT STATE METHOD
3-35. Estimation of coarse and fine aggregate 6-1. Inelastic behaviour of materials
Proportion in all–in aggregates 6-2. Ultimate load theory
Correction for w/c ratio 6-3. Limit state method
Correction for concrete of increased workability 6-4. Limit state of collapse
3-36. Estimation of masses of various ingredients 6-5. Limit state of serviceability
3-37. Trial mixes Deflection
Questions 3 Cracking
Examples 3 6-6. Characteristic and design values and partial safety factors
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE: FUNDAMENTALS (1) Characteristic strength of materials
4-1. Introductory (2) Characteristic loads
(3) Partial safety factors
4-2. Review of theory of simple bending
(4) Design values
4-3. Practical requirements of an r.C.C. Beam
6-7. Limit state of collapse: flexure
4-4. Size of the beam
Assumptions
4-5. Cover to the reinforcement
Strain compatibility
4-6. Spacing of bars
Singly reinforced rectangular beams
4-7. Design requirements of a beam
6-8. Derivation of formulae
4-8. Classification of beams (1) With respect to compression
(1) Singly reinforced and doubly reinforced beams (2) With respect to tension
(2) Rectangular and flanged beams 6-9. General values
4-9. Effective width of a flanged beam (1) Limiting moment of resistance index
4-10. Cracking moment (2) Limiting reinforcement index
4-11. Balanced, under-reinforced and over-reinforced design 6-10. Types of problems
(1) Balanced design 6-11. Failure of r.C.C. Beam in flexure
(2) Under-reinforced design 6-12. Code provisions to prevent the brittle failure
(3) Over-reinforced design 6-13. Computer programmes
4-12. Bending of an r.C.C. Beam Doubly reinforced beams
(1) Uncracked concrete stage 6-14. Derivation of formulae
(2) Concrete cracked-elastic stresses stage 6-15. Types of problems
(3) Ultimate strength stage 6-16. Use of design aids
4-13. Design methods 6-17. Computer programmes for doubly
CHAPTER 5 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE: Reinforced rectangular sections
Working stress method Flanged beams
5-1. Permissible stresses 6-18. Introductory
Increase in permissible stresses 6-19. Position of neutral axis
5-2. Modular ratio 6-20. Derivation of formulae
5-3. Design for flexure–assumptions 6-21. Use of design aids
Singly reinforced beams 6-22. Doubly reinforced flanged beams
5-4. Derivation of formulae for balanced design 6-23. Sections subjected to reversal of moments
5-5. Transformed area method (1) Hogging moment
(1) To decide the type of the beam (2) Sagging moment
(2) Balanced design 6-24. Computer programmes for flanged sections
(3) Over-reinforced design Examples 6

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-I
DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 7 SHEAR AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH CHAPTER 8 DEFLECTION AND CRACKING
7-1. Shear in structural members Deflection
(1) Flexural shear 8-1. Limit state of serviceability
(2) Punching shear 8-2. Deflections in a structure or structural members
(3) Torsion shear (1) Structural damage
7-2. Flexure and shear in homogeneous beam (2) Non-structural damage
7-3. Shear in reinforced concrete beams – elastic theory (3) Discomfort to the occupants
7-4. Diagonal tension and diagonal compression 8-3. Span/effective depth ratio
7-5. Limit state theory 8-4. Control of deflection on site
7-6. Design shear strength of concrete for various member (1) Cambering
Without shear reinforcement (2) Controlling concrete work
(1) Beams (3) Removal of forms
(2) Solid slabs (4) Controlling temporary loads
(3) Members under axial compression 8-5. Deflection calculations
7-7. Design for shear 8-6. Short term deflections
7-8. Shear reinforcement in beams (1) Modulus of elasticity of concrete
(1) Vertical stirrups (2) Moment of inertia of the section
(2) Inclined stirrups 8-7. Long term deflections
(3) Bent bars (1) Deflection due to shrinkage
(4) Shear resistance capacity of a section (2) Deflection due of creep
7-9. Practical considerations Cracking
(1) Distance of first bent bar from support 8-8. Introductory
(2) Maximum spacing
(1) Bar spacing controls
(3) Minimum shear reinforcement
(2) Crack width calculations
(4) Maximum shear stress
8-9. Bar spacing controls
7-10. Critical sections for shear
(1) Beams
(1) Tension in end region of a member
(2) Slabs
(2) Compression in end region of a member
8-10. Calculation of crack width
7-11. Design of a complete beam for shear
(1) Assumptions
Simplified approach
(2) Approximate method
Using enhanced shear strength
8-11. Computer programs
Supplementary notes
7-12. Use of design aids Examples 8
(1) Minimum shear reinforcement CHAPTER 9 SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER BEAMS
(2) Vertical stirrups 9-1. Design procedure
(3) Bent bars (1) Estimation of loads
7-13. Shear design of beams with variable depth (2) Analysis
Development length (3) Design
7-14. Bond and bond stress 9-2. Anchorage of bars check for development length
(1) Features of reinforced concrete attributed to bond 9-3. Reinforcement requirements
(2) Grip or bond attributed to various mechanisms (1) Tension reinforcement
7-15. Flexural (local) bond and development (anchorage) bond (2) Compression reinforcement
(1) Flexural or local bond (3) Cover to the reinforcement
(2) Secondary effects 9-4. Slenderness limits for beams to ensure lateral stability
(3) Development or anchorage bond Simply supported beams
7-16. Anchorage length and development length 9-5. Introductory
(1) Anchorage length 9-6. Design s.F. Diagram
(2) Development length 9-7. Curtailment of bars
7-17. Development length: pull out test 9-8. Design of a template
Mechanism of bond failure 9-9. Design of a lintel
(1) Pull out failure (1) Loads
(2) Splitting failure (2) Size
7-18. Code provision (3) Cover
7-19. Use of bundled bars Cantilever beams
7-20. Anchoring reinforcements 9-10. Design considerations
(1) Anchoring bars in tension 9-11. Computer programs
(2) Anchoring bars in compression Examples 9
(3) Anchoring bars in shear
7-21. Bearing stresses at bends CHAPTER 10 SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER SLABS
7-22. Reinforcement splicing 10-1. Introductory
(1) Lap splices (1) One-way spanning slabs
(2) End bearing splices (2) Two-way spanning slabs
(3) Welded splices (3) Flat slabs
(4) Mechanical splices (4) Grid slabs
7-23. Ensuring ductile failure (5) Circular slabs
Examples 7 (6) Ribbed and waffle slabs
Long questions of chapter 7 10-2. Analysis

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-I
DETAILED CONTENTS
(1) Elastic analysis Examples 12
(2) Using coefficients Questions 12
(3) Yield line method CHAPTER 13 STAIRS
10-3. One-way spanning slabs
13-1. Stair slabs
(1) Effective span
13-2. Classification of stairs
(2) General
(3) Reinforcement requirements (1) Straight stair
(4) Shear stress (2) Dog-legged stair
(5) Deflection (3) Open well stair
(6) Cracking 13-3. Design requirements for stair
(7) Cover (1) Live loads on stair
(8) Development length (2) Effective span of stair
10-4. Simply supported one-way slab (3) Distribution of loading on stairs
10-5. Detailing of slabs (4) Depth of section
10-6. Inclined slabs 13-4. Reducing the span
(1) Slabs spanning perpendicular to the slope 13-5. Tread-riser staircase
(2) Slabs spanning parallel to the slope
13-6. Closure
10-7. Straight slabs having a small length inclined along the span
Examples 13
10-8. Cantilever slab
10-9. Concentrated load on slabs CHAPTER 14 LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR
10-10. Two-way slabs Slabs and beams
10-11. Simply supported two-way slabs 14-1. Introductory
10-12. Computer program 14-2. Loads on slabs
Examples 10 (1) Self weight of the slab
CHAPTER 11 CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS (2) Floor finish
Continuous beams (3) Live loads
11-1. Introductory (4) Any other loads
11-2. Analysis parameters 14-3. Loading on beams from one-way slabs
(1) Effective span 14-4. Wall loads and self weight of beams
(2) Stiffness 14-5. Loading on beams from two-way slabs
11-3. Live load arrangements 14-6. Unit loads
Arrangement of live load Examples 14
11-4. Redistribution of moment
(1) Plastic hinge CHAPTER 15 SIMPLE DESIGNS
(2) Fixed beam 15-1. Introductory
(3) Code requirements 15-2. Design s.F. Diagram
11-5. Reinforcement requirements 15-3. Loads from two-way slabs
11-6. Flexure design considerations Examples 15
11-7. Simplified analysis for uniform loads CHAPTER 16 FRAMED BEAMS
11-8. Moment and shear coefficients for continuous beams 16-1. Structural joints
11-9. Typical continuous beam details 16-2. Fixed, cantilever and framed beams
Continuous slabs
(1) Fixed beams
11-10. Continuous one-way slab
(2) Cantilever beam
11-11. Restrained two-way slabs
(3) Framed beams
11-12. Two-way slabs subjected to large shear force
11-13. Computer program 16-3. Analysis and design of the framed beams
Examples 11 16-4. Single span portal frame
Questions 11 16-5. Substitute frame
Moment of inertia of framed beams and columns
CHAPTER 12 TORSION
Examples 16
12-1. General
(1) Equilibrium torsion APPENDIX A SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
(2) Compatibility torsion APPENDIX B USEFUL TABLE
12-2. Effect of torsion: provision of reinforcement Moment and shear coefficients
12-3. Code provisions INDEX
(1) General
(2) Design rules
12-4. General cases of torsion
(1) Cantilever slab inducing torsion in supporting beam
(2) Cantilever beam inducing torsion in supporting beam
(3) Beams curved in plan
12-5. Beams curved in plan
12-6. Circular beam
(1) Support moments mo
(2) Shear, moment and torsion at p
12-7. Circular arc fixed at ends
12-8. Design of beams curved in plan

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE
VOL. I  PART-II
[ EL EM ENTARY R EI N F O R C ED C O N C R ETE ]
 REINFORCED
CONCRETE
By Vol. I
NE Best Part-I: `700/-
W r Dr. H. J. Shah Part-II: `550/-
Selle Total: `1250/-
Set Price: `1100/-
Edition : 12th Edition : 2021
ISBN : 9789385039485
REVISED
Binding : Paperback & ENLARGED
Pages : 536 + 24 = 560
` 550.00 BUY Size (mm) : 235 × 24 × 170
Weight : 735 g

ABOUT THE BOOK CONTENT

This book presents the basic principles involved in Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete 17 : COLUMNS
Structures. This 12th edition of Vol. I has been thoroughly revised and extensively enlarged in two 18 : DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS: FUNDAMENTALS
parts. Almost all chapters are revised with adding a plenty of new matter, examples and figures.
Mix design as per latest IS:10262 with excel programs is added. A number of excel programs have 19 : ISOLATED FOOTINGS
been added to clarify the subject matter and design the elements of structure. As per prevailing market 20 : COMBINED FOOTINGS
conditions the default combination of materials is revised to M20 grade concrete and Fe 500 grade
21 : PILE FOUNDATIONS
steel, however, the other combinations of materials have not been completely ignored.
The outline of the book “Reinforced Concrete Vol. I – Part II” is as mentioned below: 22 : CIRCULAR RAFT FOUNDATIONS
Chapter 17 contains design of columns used in framed structures. The design interaction diagrams 23 : RETAINING WALLS
are derived and excel program is prepared for rectangular columns.
24 : CIRCULAR, RIBBED AND WAFFLE SLABS
Chapter 18 emphasis on Design of Foundations: Fundamentals. Moreover this chapter is extensively
revised and soil design is sufficiently elaborated. 25 : FLAT SLABS
Chapter 19 on Isolated Footings for walls and columns subjected to various types of loads. Discusses 26 : DOMES
topics on axially loaded pad and sloped footing; eccentrically loaded footings; isolated slab and beam
27 : DEEP BEAMS AND CORBELS
type footing; footing for multi-storeyed building columns and also gives an excel program on design
of an isolated footing. 28 : GRID OR COFFERED FLOORS
Chapter 20 discusses Combined Footings for two axially loaded columns and also explains strap, 29 : FORMWORK
strip and raft foundations. Also includes the guidelines to design a combined footing for general
loading system. 30 : DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT
Chapter 21 elucidates topics on Pile Foundations such as loads on pile groups; soil design of a pile; APPENDIX C : SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
structural design of a pile; design of a pile cap. INDEX
Chapter 22 Circular raft foundations with annular and solid rafts used under circular peripheral
columns or RCC shafts are discussed.
Chapter 23 on Retaining walls includes design of cantilever and counterfort retaining walls.
Chapter 24, 25 and 26 deals with variety of roof coverings, viz., Circular, Ribbed and Waffle slabs;
Flat slabs and domes are discussed in these chapters.
Chapter 27 discusses the empirical designs of both, the deep beams and corbels
Chapter 28 Grid or Coffered Floors are designed by using classical analysis.
Chapter 29 Formworks: Basic formworks used on general sites for slabs, beams and columns are
discussed in this chapter.
Chapter 30. Detailing of Reinforcement: This chapter explains basic style of practical RCC
structural drawings.
Now this book “Reinforced Concrete Vol. I – Part II”, in its 14 Chapters and Appendix contains:
261 Neatly drawn sketches
037 Useful tables
086 Design problems
085 Questions at the end of the chapters
002 Excel programs
106 Short questions with answers.
The book in the present form will prove to be extremely useful to the students preparing for the
Degree examinations in Civil Engineering and Architecture of all the Indian Universities, Diploma
examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate Courses as well as for
the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., G.A.T.E., I.E.S., and other similar competitive and professional examinations.
It should also be an immense use to practicing Civil Engineers. Catalogue Checklist
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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-II
DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 17 COLUMNS 17-25. Lengths of column
17-1. Introductory (1) Floor height (h)
17-2. Loads and displacements for building columns (2) Length of column (l)
(1) Vertical gravity loads (dead and live loads) (3) Unsupported length of column (l)
(2) Horizontal loads (wind and earthquake loads) (4) Effective length of column (lef)
17-3. Classification of columns 17-26. Design of slender columns
17-3-1. Braced and unbraced columns (1) Braced columns
(1) Braced column (2) Unbraced columns
(2) Unbraced columns 17-27. Design and detailing of a practical column
17-3-2. No–sway and sway columns Examples 17
17-3-3. Tied, spiral and composite columns CHAPTER 18 DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS: FUNDAMENTALS
(1) Tied columns 18-1. Introductory
(2) Spiral columns
18-2. Classification of found ations
(3) Composite columns
(1) Flexible and rigid foundations
17-3-4. Short and long columns
(2) Shallow and deep foundations
(1) Short columns
18-3. Types of footings
(2) Long (slender) columns
(1) Continuous wall footing
17-4. Reinforcement requirements
(1) Longitudinal reinforcement (2) Isolated footing
(2) Transverse reinforcements (3) Combined footing
17-5. Minimum eccentricity (4) Strap footing
17-6. Assumptions made for design (5) Strip footing
Short columns (6) Raft foundation
17-7. Axially loaded tied columns (7) Pile foundation
17-8. Axially loaded spiral columns 18-4. R.C.C. Footings
17-9. Short eccentrically loaded columns — (1) Column/wall — footing connection
Uniaxial bending We may state
Uniaxial bending (2) Aspects of footing design
(1) N.A. Lies outside the section Soil design
(2) N.A. Lies inside the section 18-5. Soil exploration
17-10. Modes of failure in combined axial load and uniaxial bending 18-6. Depth of foundation
(2) Balanced failure 18-7. Cohesive and cohesionless soils
(3) Tensile failure (1) Cohesive soil
17-11. Types of problems
(2) Cohesionless soil
17-12. The interaction diagram
(3) C-f soil
17-13. Stress block parameters when n.A. Lies outside the section
17-14. Construction of interaction diagrams 18-8. Modes of soil failure
17-14-1. Pure axial load (1) Catastrophic collapse
17-14-2. Axial load with uniaxial moment (2) Excessive settlement
17-15. Neutral axis (n.A.) Lies outside the section 18-9. Types of shear failures of soil
17-16. Neutral axis (n.A.) Lies inside the section (1) General shear failure
17-17. Charts for compression with bending (2) Local shear failure
17-18. Tension with bending (3) Punching shear failure
17-19. Use of interaction diagram (4) Intermediate (mixed mode) failure
17-20. Unsymmetrically reinforced columns with 18-10. Vertical stress distribution
Uniaxial eccentricity 18-11. Contact pressure distribution under rigid footings
Define 18-12. Net safe bearing capacity (net sbc) of soil
(1) General method (1) The ultimate bearing capacity
(2) Approximate method (2) Net ultimate bearing capacity
17-21. Using an excel program to draw an interaction diagram of 18-13. Settlement of soil
A given rectangular column 18-14. Safe bearing pressure (sbp) on soil
17-22. Short eccentrically loaded columns: biaxial bending 18-15. Allowable bearing capacity (abp) on soil
Slender columns 18-16. Calculation of net safe bearing capacity (net sbc) of
17-23. Slender columns Soil effective surcharge and effective surcharge/
(1) Unsupported length Overburden pressure
(2) Effective length Net sbc
(3) Radius of gyration 18-17. Simplified method of soil design for axial,
(4) Slenderness ratio (S.R.) Inclined and eccentric loads
(5) Short and long columns 18-17-1. Transfer of loads from column to soil
(6) Slenderness limits for columns 18-17-2. Resultant loads at the base of footing
17-24. Effective length calculations 18-17-3. Goal of design
Method 1 18-17-4. Selection of abp (allowable bearing pressure)
Method 2 18-17-5. Footings subjected to axial loads

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-II
DETAILED CONTENTS
18-17-6. Footing subjected to axial loads and moments CHAPTER 21 PILE FOUNDATIONS
(1) Uniaxial moment 21-1. Introductory
(2) Biaxial moment 21-2. Loads on pile groups
Loss of contact (1) Axial loads on a group of vertical piles
18-17-7. Footing subjected to horizontal loads (2) Moment on a group of vertical piles
18-17-8. Use of passive pressure for resisting sliding (3) Horizontal load
(1) Cohesionless soil (4) Design of a pile
(2) Cohesive soil 21-3. Soil design of a pile
18-17-9. Use of slab tie and beam ties for 21-4. Structural design of a pile
Resisting sliding 21-5. Design of a pile cap
Structural design General
18-18. Selection of plan dimensions Examples 21
18-19. Upward soil pressure
18-20. General soil design considerations CHAPTER 22 CIRCULAR RAFT FOUNDATIONS
22-1. Introduction
(1) Uniform settlement
(1) Annular raft
(2) Uniform pressure (2) Solid raft
(3) Non-uniform pressure Annular raft
18-21. Footing for eccentrically loaded columns 22-2. Formulae for annular raft soil design of
(1) Concentric footing An annular raft
(2) Eccentric footing Define
Soil design (1) Raft positioning
18-22. General structural design considerations (2) Upward pressures
18-23. Concrete pedestal 22-3. Formulae for annular raft
18-24. Transfer of load at the base of column (1) Axial load
Constants
Dowels
Radial moments
(1) Bearing strength
Tangential moments
(2) Bond strength (2) Applied moment m
Practical consideration Radial shears
Examples 18 Tangential shears
CHAPTER 19 ISOLATED FOOTINGS Constants
19-1. Introductory Radial moments
19-2. Wall footings Tangential moments
19-3. Axially loaded pad footing R-T moments
22-4. Design for flexure and shear
(1) Proportioning the size
(1) Flexure
(2) Bending moment (2) Shear
(3) Nominal reinforcement (3) Locations for analysis and design
(4) Development length Solid raft
(5) Shear 22-5. Solid raft
(6) Deflection (1) Axial load
(7) Cover (2) Applied moment m
(8) Reinforcement requirements Constants
(9) Transfer of load from column to footing Examples 22
(10) Weight of the footing CHAPTER 23 RETAINING WALLS
19-4. Axially loaded sloped footing 23-1. Introductory
19-5. Eccentrically loaded footings 23-2. Types of retaining walls
(1) Uniaxial moment (1) Gravity wall
(2) Biaxial moment (2) Cantilever wall
(3) Counterfort wall
19-6. Fixing up footing dimensions
(4) Buttress wall
19-7. Isolated slab and beam type footing (5) Bridge abutment
19-8. Footing for multi-storeyed building columns (6) Gabion walls
19-9. Excel program for design of an isolated footing (7) Box culvert
Examples 19 23-3. Earth pressure on walls
23-4. Calculation of earth pressure
CHAPTER 20 COMBINED FOOTINGS (1) Cohesionless soil
20-1. Combined footings (2) Cohesive soil
20-2. Combined footing for two axially loaded columns 23-4-1. Earth pressure of submerged soil
20-3. Strap footings 23-4-2. Earth pressure due to surcharge
20-4. Strip footings 23-5. Drainage of retaining walls
20-5. Combined footing for generalised load system 23-6. Stability requirements
(1) General (1) The restoring moment (stabilizing moment) should be
more than the overturning moment so as to
(2) Collinear columns Get a factor of safety not less than 1.55
(3) Drawing co-ordinate axes (2) The vertical pressure on the soil under the base should
(4) Soil design not exceed the permissible bearing pressure of soil
20-6. Raft foundation (3) The restoring force against sliding should be more than
20-7. Closure the sliding force so as to get a factor of safety not less
Examples 20 than 1.55

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE – VOL. I PART-II
DETAILED CONTENTS
(4) Check for combined effect of vertical and horizontal loads CHAPTER 26 DOMES
Cantilever retaining wall 26-1. Introductory
23-7. Preliminary proportioning of cantilever retaining wall 26-2. Stresses in domes
(1) Height of wall 26-3. Formulae for forces in spherical domes
(2) Base width and position of stem on the base of footing
(1) Uniform loads as on dome
(3) Thickness of base slab
(2) Concentrated loads w on crown
(4) Thickness of stem
23-8. Design of a cantilever retaining wall 26-4. Design of a spherical dome
(1) Design of stem 26-5. Section design for pure tension
(2) Design of heel 26-6. Formulae for forces in conical domes
(3) Design of toe Examples 26
(4) Base key CHAPTER 27 DEEP BEAMS AND CORBELS
(5) Minimum reinforcement in walls with variable depth
27-1. Introduction
Counterfort retaining wall
Deep beams
23-9. Counterfort wall
23-10. Stability and design procedure 27-2. Definitions
(1) Stability (1) Deep beams (2)  Effective span (3)  Lever arm
(2) Stem 27-3. Design and details of reinforcements
(3) Base (1) Design of reinforcements
(4) Counterforts (2) Details of reinforcements
Examples 23 Corbels
CHAPTER 24 CIRCULAR, RIBBED AND WAFFLE SLABS 27-4. Corbels
Circular slabs 27-5. Shear friction
24-1. Introductory 27-6. Corbel dimensions
24-2. Analysis (1) Width of the corbel
24-3. Introductory (2) Width of the base plate
24-4. Proportioning the dimensions (3) Span of the corbel
24-5. Analysis and design procedure (4) Depth d at root of the corbel
(1) Analysis (5) Depth d1 at the outer edge of contact area
(2) Design 27-7. Design of a corbel
Waffle slabs
(1) Primary tension reinforcement (2)  Shear reinforcements
24-6. Two-way spanning ribbed slabs: waffle slabs
Examples 24 Examples 27

CHAPTER 25 FLAT SLABS CHAPTER 28 GRID OR COFFERED FLOORS

25-1. Introductory 28-1. Introduction
(1) Flat slab with no drop and no column head 28-2. Analysis of grid floors
(2) Flat slab without drop and column with column head 28-3. Plate theory
(3) Flat slab with drop and column with column head (1) The flexural rigidities can be obtained from:
25-2. Column and middle strips (2) The torsional rigidity of rectangular section can be
(1) Column strip obtained from
(2) Middle strip Examples 28
(3) Panel
CHAPTER 29 FORMWORK
25-3. Proportioning of flat slab elements 29-1. Introductory
(1) Thickness of flat slab 29-2. Requirements for good formwork
(2) Drops 29-3. Materials for forms
(3) Column head (1) Timber (2)  Steel
25-4. Design methods for flat slabs 29-4. Choice of formwork
(1) Direct design method (D.D.M.) 29-5. Loads on formwork
(2) Equivalent frame method (E.F.M.) 29-6. Permissible stresses for timber
Direct design method (D.D.M.) 29-7. Design of formwork
25-5. Total design moment 29-8. Shuttering for columns
25-6. Distribution of moments in slabs 29-9. Shuttering for beam and slab floor
29-10. Practical considerations
Interior negative design moment
29-11. Erection of forms
Positive design moment 29-12. Action prior to and during concreting
Exterior negative design moment 29-13. Striking of forms
(1) Moments in column strip Examples 29
(2) Moments in middle strip
CHAPTER 30 DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT
25-7. Effect of pattern loading
30-1. Introduction
(1) By increasing the flexural stiffness of columns
30-2. General informations for drawing
(2) By increasing the positive moment 30-3. Drafting
25-8. Transfer of floor loads into columns 30-4. Columns framing plan and foundation details
(1) Transfer of vertical load General notes
(2) Transfer of moment 30-5. Columns details
25-9. Design for shear Kicker
(1) Calculation of shear stress 30-6. Slabs and beams details
(2) Permissible shear stress 30-7. Closure
25-10. Provision of reinforcement APPENDIX C : SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
25-11. Moments in columns
INDEX
Examples 25

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