Unit 5: Digestive System

Circle the best answer for the following sentences.

1. Which part of the body is not a part of the digestive system?
A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. Brain D. Liver
2. Bile juice is formed in the _____________.
A. kidney B. liver C. salivary gland D. lung
3. Which is the longest organ of digestive system in human body?
A. Pancreatic B. Small intestine C. Large intestine D. Esophagus
4. Which part of the digestive system helps to remove extra water from the digested food materials?
A. Small intestine B. Pancreas C. Large intestine D. Oesophagus
5. The main function of the wall of the small intestine is the absorption of ___________from food.
A. nutrients B. vitamins C. water D. non-nutritive residue
6. The oesophagus is the part that connects the mouth to the ___________.
A. liver B. pancreas C. gallbladder D. stomach
7. Fats is completely digested in the ___________because it gets bile from the liver through the
gallbladder.
A. stomach B. oesophagus C. small intestine D. large intestine
8. From the mouth, food reaches into the stomach through a food pipe called the ____________.
A. stomach B. oesophagus C. anus D. rectum
9. The _________are found inside the small intestine to absorption of nutrients from the digested
food.
A. villi B. acids C. bile juices D. enzymes
10. What does the liver do to help digestion?
A. Makes important enzymes B. Neutralizes stomach acid
C. Produces bile D. Regulates insulin
11. What tube moves food from the back of your throat to the stomach?
A. Epiglottis B. Esophagus C. Feeding tube D. Pharynx
12. Which organs help with the absorption of nutrients?
A. Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder B. Liver, heart, and spleen
C. Gallbladder, kidneys, and appendix D. Kidneys, liver and bladder
13. The correct term for the digestive tract that begins at the mouth and finishes at the anus is
called?
A. Digestive passage B. Elementary canal C. Alimentary canal D. Intestinal tract
14. Food is broken down in the mouth both mechanically by chewing and, and chemically by
_______present in the saliva.
A. surface area B. animo acids C. enzymes D. urine
15. Where waste is stored before it eliminated from the body?
A. Rectum B. Epiglottis C. Esophagus D. pancreas
16. The duodenum is _____________.
A. the section of the small intestine directly connected with the stomach
B. the tube which leads from the pancreas to the small intestine
C. the section of the small intestine directly connected with the large intestine
D. the tube which leads from the liver to the small intestine
17. __________is the process by which nutrients pass through the wall of the digestive system into
your blood.
A. Elimination B. Absorption C. Digestion D. Peristalsis
18. Which of the following shows the correct pathway of food through the digestive tract?
 A. Mouth, stomach, oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
B. Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
C. Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum
D. Mouth, oesophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum
19. Located where the small intestine joins the large intestine. It has no known purpose.
A. Gall bladder B. Pancreas C. Appendix D. Stomach
20. Water is removed and the materials that are not digested move into this structure.
A. Stomach B. Gall bladder C. Small intestine D. Large intestine
21. _________is the longest and most movable part of the colon.
A. Ascending colon B. Transverse colon C. Sigmoid colon D. Descending colon
22. It is located at the end of digestive system and its function is to expel waste materials.
A. Anus B. rectum C. colon D. intestine
23. Where does the useful substances go into through the wall of the intestine?
A. stomach B. blood C. liver D. colon
24. __________is the first section of the small intestine, connecting the stomach to the jejunum.
A. Ileum B. Cecum C. Anus D. Duodenum
25. How long does the food stay in the stomach?
A. nearly 1 hour D. over 2 hours C. 1-2 hours D. 4 hours
 Link each organ to its main function.

1.Anus  5 Produces enzymes that are released to the small intestine.

2.Salivary glands  1 Eliminates the feces.

3.Esophagus  10 Absorbs the nutrients.

4.Gallbladder  11 Keeps the food for chewing.

5.Pancreas  4 Stores bile from the liver.

6.Liver  9 Absorbs water from the undigested food.

7.Rectum  6 Produces bile.

8.Stomach  3 Channels the food from the pharynx into the stomach.

9.Large intestine  2 Produces saliva.

10.Small intestine  7 Keeps the feces.

11.Mouth  8 Produces acid and enzymes to digest food.

Classify the sentences as true or false

The digestion process starts in the stomach. T

Salivary glands produce saliva, which contain enzymes. T

The sequence of processes in human digestion is ingestion, digestion, absorption and egestion.T

The liver produces bile. T

Absorption of main nutrients occur in the large intestine. F

 UNIT 5 MEDICAL TERM DEFINITION
0
N Definition Word
1 Inflammation of the appendix Appendicitis
2 Tumor of the bile duct Cholangiocarcinoma
3 Inflammation of the gallbladder Cholecystitis
4 Condition of stones in the common bile duct Choledocholithiasis
5 Condition of gallstones Cholelithiasis
6 Inflammation of the esophagus Esophagitis
7 Inflammation of the stomach Gastritis
8 Inflammation of the stomach and intestines Gastroenreritis
9 Inflammation of the stomach, intestines and colon Gastroenterocolitis
10 Inflammation of the gums Gingivitis
11 Inflammation of the liver Hepatitis
12 Tumor of the liver Hepatoma
13 Inflammation of the palate Palatitis
14 Inflammation of the pancreas Pancreatitis
15 Protrusion of the rectum Rectal prolapse
16 Stone in the salivary gland Sialolithiasis
17 Inflammation of the uvula Uvulitis
18 Surgical repair of the abdomen Abdominoplasty
19 Surgical repair of the anus Anoplasty
20 Excision of the appendix Appendicectomy
21 Excision of the gallbladder Cholecystecomy
22 Incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone choledocholithotomy
23 Excision of the colon Colectomy
24 Creation of an artificial opening into the colon Colostomy
25 Suture of the intestine Enterorrhaphy
26 Excision of the stomach Gastrectomy
27 Creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum Gastrojejunostomy
28 Surgical repair of the stomach Gastroplasty
29 Creation of an artificial opening into the stomach Gastrostomy
30 Surgical removal of the gum Gingivectomy
31 Suture of the tongue Glossorrhaphy
32 Excision of half of the colon Hemicolectomy
33 Creation of an artificial opening into the ileum Ileostomy
34 Incision into the abdomen Laparotomy
35 Surgical repair of the palate Palatoplasty
36 Excision of the uvula Uvulectomy
37 Instrument used for visual examination of the colon Coloscope
38 Visual examination of the colon Coloscopy
39 Instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ Endoscope (nội soi)
40 Visual examination within a hollow organ Endoscopy
41 Instrument for visual examination of the esophagus Esophagoscope
42 Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum Esophagogastroduodenoscope
43 Visual examination of the esophagus Esophagoscopy
44 Instrument used for visual examination of the stomach Gastroscope
45 Instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity Laparoscope
46 Visual examination of the abdominal cavity Laparoscopy
47 Instrument used for visual examination of the rectum Proctoscope
48 Visual examination of the rectum Proctoscopy
49 Pertaining to anus Anal
50 Pertaining to colon and rectum Colorectal
51 Difficult digestion Dyspepsia
52 Difficult swallowing Dysphagia
53 Pain in the stomach Gastrodynia
54 A physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and Gastroenterologist
intestines
55 Study of the stomach and intestines Gastroenterology
56 Softening of the stomach Gastromalacia
57 Disease of the tongue Glossopathy
58 Pertaining to ileum and cecum Ileocecal
59 Pertaining to nose and stomach Nasogastric
60 Pertaining to the mouth Oral
61 Pertaining to pancreas Pancreatic
62 Physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum Proctologist
63 Study of the rectum Proctology
64 Pertaining to the rectum Rectal
65 Pertaining to under the tongue Sublingual
 UNIT 5 – WORD PARTS AND TERMS

I. Circle the best answer for the following sentences

1. The term_______________ means inflammation of the pancreas.

A. pancreatalgia B. pancreatectomy C. pancreatitis D. pancreatotomy

2. The term _____________describes inflammation of the gallbladder.

A. cholecystectomy B. cholecystitis C. cholecystotomy D. cholelithiasis

3. _________________is the creation of a new opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

A. gastroduodenostomy B. gastroenterectomy C. gastrojejunotomy D. gastrocolonopexy

4. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the _______________.

A. lip B. tongue C. gums D. salivary glands

5. A ___________is a physicians who specializes in treating patients with diseases of the liver.
A. hematologist B. hepatologist C. nephrologist D. oncologist

6. The term ______________means abnormal enlargement of the liver.

A. hepatitis B. hepatomalacia C. hepatomegaly D. hepatorrhexis

7. When an entire gastrectomy is performed, a new connection (opening) is formed between the esophagus and
duodenum. This is called an ________________.

A. gastroenterocolostomy B. duodenocholecystostomy

C. esophagogastrostomy D. esophagoduodenostomy

8. A medical term for plastic surgery of the mouth is ________________.

A. stomatoplasty B. perioral C. odontalgia D. gnathoplasty

9. A disease of the small intestine is also called _____________.

A. gastroscopy B. enteropathy C. hepatoma D. ileitis

10. ______________means ‘pain in the stomach’

A. enteritis B. odontalgia C. gastralgia D. pancreatitis

II. Match a medical term and its definition.

1. A surgical procedure that forms a new opening between the stomachand small intestine.
__GASTROENTEROSTOMY__

2. Pertaining to the stomach and small intestine. _GASTROENTERIC_

3. Pertaining to the colon or large intestine. _COLOENTERIC_

4. Inflammation of the rectum and colon. _RECTOCOLITIS_

5. Incision of the bladder through the rectum. _RECTOCYSTOTOMY_

6. Instrument for examining the anus and rectum _ANORECTOSCOPE_

7. Examination of the anus and rectum _ANORECTOSCOPY_

8. Excision of part or all of the pancreas _PANCREATECTOMY_

9. disease of the colon _COLOPATHY_

10. Pain of the stomach and intestine _GASTROENTERODYNIA_

III. Build a surgical word that means:

1. Excision of gums (tissue) GINGIVECTOMY

2. Partial or complete excision of the tongue GLOSSECTOMY

3. Repair of the esophagus ESOPHAGOPLASTY

4. Removal of part or all of the stomach GASTRECTOMY

5. Forming an opening between the stomach and jejunum GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY

6. Excision of (part of) the esophagus ESOPHAGECTOMY

7. Forming an opening between the stomach, small intestine, and colon GASTROENTEROCOLOSTOMY

8. Surgical repair of the small intestine ENTEROPLASTY

9. Incision into the pancreas PANCREATOTOMY

10. Suture of the bile duct CHOLEDOCHORRHAPHY

11. Forming an opening into the colon COLOSTOMY

12. Fixation of a movable liver (to the abdominal wall) HEPATOPEXY

13. Surgical repair of the anus or rectum ANORECTOPLASTY

14. Removal of the gallbladder CHOLECYSTECTOMY

15. Surgical repair of a bile duct CHOLEDOCHOPLASTY

 UNIT 5 REVIEW
PART I: Grammar and Vocabulary:
1. The ________is a pear-shaped reservoir located next to the liver and stores bile, releasing it to the small
intestine.
A. liver B. gallbladder C. pancreas D. rectum
2. We use a ______________to examine the interior of the colon.
A. colonitis B. colonoscopy C. colonstomy D. colonoscope
3. She's a resident in oncology at Boston General Hospital. She _______for a year.
A. works and studies B. worked and studied
C. hasworked and studied D. has worked and has studied
4. The digestive system ______________
A. Pumps blood throughout the body
B. Breaks down food so that the nutrients can pass to the blood stream
C. Produces urine, to eliminate toxic substances from the body
D. Helps you get the oxygen your body need
5.__________ the scientific study of the structure and diseases of teeth.
A. Gastrology. B.Odontology C. Dentist D. Gastropathy
6. _______ is a mass of food which has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed.
A. Bolus B. Chyme C. Juice D. Leftover
7. My brother ___________a kidney transplantation once in her life.
A. has B. is having C. had D. has had
8. ________are stored in the rectum before leaving the body through the anus.
A. Minerals B. Nutrients C. Feces D. Vitamins
9. When we talk about processing of cutting, we use the suffix_________.
A. –cision B. –ectomy C. -otomy D. -ostomy
10. Shortly after his emergency __________ surgery, Bret Michaels was hospitalized after suffering a brain
hemorrhage.
A. appetite B. appendicular C. appendicitis D. appendix
PART II: Writing
Write a word for each of the following definitions
16. It produces bile L __ __ __ __ (LIVER)
17. It’s a long tube between the pharynx and the stomach. E __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ESOPHAGUS
18. It’s the last portion of the large intestine R __ __ __ __ __ (RECTUM)
19. It’s the first part of the small intestine D __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (DUODENUM)
20. It’s at the end of the alimentary canal. A __ __ __ (ANUS)
Write a medical term for each of the following definitions
21. Excision of the stomach __GASTRECTOMY__
22. Referring to the pancreas __PANCREATIC__
23. The study of diseases related to mouth __ORAL PATHOLOGY__
24. A doctor who look after teeth & gums __DENTIST__
25. surgical removal of an appendix __APPENDICECTOMY__
 Use no more than three words to rewrite these sentences
26. He has had stomach trouble for a week.
=> It’s a week _SINCE HE_ had stomach trouble.
27. Mr. Paker has suffered from ankle oedema increasing for some days.
=> Mr. Paker started _SUFFERING_ ankle oedema increasing some days ago.
28. The patient hasn’t had any troubles with the colon before.
=> It’s the first time the patient _HAS HAD_ troubles with the colon.
29. The last time he had a car accident since he was 18.
=> He _HASN’T HAD_a car accident since he was 18.
30. When did she start feeling painful?
=> __HOW LONG__has she felt painful?
Unit 6:
1. Which of these organs is not part of the urinary system?

A. The pancreas B. the bladder C. the kidneys

B. 2. Which substance do the kidneys filter to produce urine?

A. Chyme B. blood C. lymph

3. The bladder expels urine through which passage?

A.The ureter B. the vena cava C. the urethra

4. What is the function of the ureter?

A. To transport urine to the bladder

B. To expel urine from the bladder

C. To transport blood to the kidneys

5. What function does the bladder serve?

A to reabsorb nutrients

B. to hold urine before it is excreted

C. To transport urine from the kidneys

6. What causes the high blood pressure in the glomerulus?

A.The diameter of the blood vessels increasing

B. Blood vessels pumping the blood into the kidney

C. The diameter of the blood vessels decreasing

7. What are the specialised filtering units in the kidneys called?

A. Nephrons B. neurons C. adrenal glands

8. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A human growth hormone (hgh)

B. Antidiuretic hormone (adh)

C. gastrin

9. Urea is made from excess _______ in the diet?

A. Amino acids B. glucose C. fatty acids

10. Where is the urea produce?

A. In the gallbladder B. in the liver C. in the pancreas

Complete the sentences using the words presented below.

The urinary system produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidney.

The urinary tract is a pathway that includes the (1)__KIDNEYS__ (two bean-shaped organsthat filter waste
from the blood and produce urine), the ureters (two thin tubes that take urine from the kidney to the bladder),
the bladder (a sac that stores urine) and the (2)__URETHRA__(the tube that carries urine from the bladder out
of the body).

The kidneys filter waste and extra water from the (3)__BLOOD__ and produce urine. Each kidney is made up
of about a million filtering units called (4) __NEPHRONS__. Each of these units includes a filter, called the
(5) __GLOMENRULUS__, and a tubule.

The glomerulus is a network of (6)__CAPILLARIES__ that are enclosed in a cup-shaped structure called the
(7) __BOWMAN’S CAPSULE__. Fluid is filtered from the capillaries to the Bowman’s capsule and form the
(8) __FILTRATE__. Only elements that are small enough can pass through the membrane; blood cells and
large molecules, mostly (9) __PROTEINS__, are too large to pass.

The filtrate then moves through the system of tubes, where elements are added

(10) __SECRETION__ from the blood) or removed (11) __REABSORPTION__ back into the blood).

The tubule includes four segments: (12) __PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED__, where reabsorption of nutrients
and substances that the body needs occur; (13) __LOOP OF HENLE__, which controls the concentration of
the urine; and (14) __DISTAL CONVOLUTED__tubule, that regulates sodium, potassium and pH. The
formed fluid then passes to the (15) __COLLECTING DUCT__, which regulates water and sodium
reabsorption, forming the urine.

Numerous collecting ducts merge into the (16)__RENAL PELVIS__, which then becomes the (17)
__URETER__. The ureter empties the urine into the (18) __URETHRA__. The urethra carries the urine away
from the bladder to the outside of the body.
For each question, select the correct option.

1.It’s not a function of the urinary system to…

A. Remove waste products from the bloodstream.
B. Storage and excrete urine.
C. Regulate leukocyte and platelet production.
D. Regulate blood volume and, indirectly, blood pressure.
2.The basic functional unit of the kidney is the…
A. Alveolus
B. Renal pyramid
C. Renal pelvis
D. Nephron
3.The urinary bladder has openings to the…
A. Nephron and ureters
B. Nephron and urethra
C. Urethra and ureters
D. Renal pelvis and urethra
4.The sequence that correctly traces the path of urine after it leaves the kidneys is…
A. Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
B. Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra
C. Urethra, urinary bladder, ureters
D. Urinary bladder, urethra, ureters
5.Components of a nephron include…
A. A renal corpuscle
B. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
C. A nephron loop
D. All of the above
6.The last part of a nephron is the...
A. Collecting duct
B. Renal papilla
C. Glomerulus
D. Distal convoluted tubule
7.The renal corpuscle is comprised of a glomerulus and…
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Bowman's capsule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
8.The loop of Henle exists between the…
A. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
B. Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
C. Peritubular capillaries and collecting duct
D. Afferent artery and efferent artery
9.Urine flows to the urinary bladder from the kidney through the …
A. Urethra
B. Ureter
C. Proximal tube
D. Distal tube
10.The three interrelated processes of urine formation are…
A. Filtration, secretion and excretion
B. Secretion, reabsorption and micturition
C. Excretion, storage and micturition
D. Filtration, reabsorption and secretion
11.Most tubular reabsorption occurs at the...
A. Loop of Henle
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Glomerulus
12.In the process of tubular excretion, substances move…
A. From the peritubular capillaries to the proximal convoluted tubule
B. From the peritubular capillaries to the distal convoluted tubule
C. From the Bowman’s capsule to the glomerulus
D. From the glomerulus to the Bowman’s capsule
13.We should not find in the glomerular filtrate…
A. Glucose
B. Protein
C. Uric acid
D. Creatinin

Complete the crosswords about the Urinary System.

HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
3.The liquid produced by the kidneys to carry wastes 1.Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds
from the body. (URINE) the urine. (URINARY BLADDER)
4.The basic functional unit of the kidney. (NEPHRON) 2.Tube that receives the urine from the kidneys and
carries it to the urinary bladder. (URETER)
6.Tube through which the urine passes from the urinary
bladder to the outside of the body. (URETHRA) 5.Cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the
nephron. (GLOMERULUS)
8.Funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes
it to the ureter. (RENAL PELVIS) 7.Bean-shaped organ that removes waste products
from the blood and aids in maintaining water
and electrolyte balances. (KIDNEY)
 WORD DEFINITION ( Unit 5 –Unit 6)

N0 Definition Word
1 A J-shaped organ that produces acid and enzymes Stomach
to digest food

2 Keeps the feces Rectum

3 Stores bile from the liver Gallbladder
4 Keeps the food for chewing Mouth
5 Produces biles L iver
6 Absorbs nutrients Small intestine
7 Absorbs water from undigested food Large intestine
8 Produces enzymes that are realesed to small Pancreas
intestine

9 Channels food from the pharynx into the stomach Esophagus

10 A mass of chewed food which is already to be Bite
swallowed

11 the natural, watery liquid inthe mouth that keeps it S aliva

wet and helps prepare food for digestion

12 Moves food around in the mouth to help break it T ongue

down and mix it with saliva

13 The process of removing something out of the Excretion

body.

14 the process of absorbing nutrients or medications i Ingestion

nto the body by eating or drinking them

15 the process by which your body digests food Digestion

16 the process of taking something into Absorption
another substance

17 The act of passing water matter, e.g. faeces, Excreted

urine…out of the body

18 Eliminates the feces Anus

20 An enzyme that function is to raise blood pressure Renin
21 A semi-liquid mass of food which passes from the Chyme
stomach to the intestine
22 The first part of small intestine Duodenum
23 The beginning of the large intestine Colon
24 The middle section of small intestine Jejunum
25 The last region of small intestine Ileum
26 The main part of the large intestine Cecum
27 Small tube attached to the cecum which serves no Appendix
fucntion.
28 Brownish yellow fluid produced by the liver Bile
29 The roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity Palate
30 A pair of purplish-brown organs remove liquid Kidneys
waste from the blood
31 Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to Ureter
the bladder.
32 A triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the Bladder
lower abdomen.
33 The tube allows urine to pass outside the body. Urethra
34 The passing of urine from the body Urination
35 The outer layer of the brain and other organs Cortex
36 The inner part of a body part or organ Medulla
37 A basic functional unit of the kidney Nephron
38 A cluster of capillaries called which has the function of Glomerulus
filtering the blood.
39 A substance found in urine and also made Urea
from ammonia
40 an organ near the penis in male mammals that Prostate
produces a liquid that mixes with and carries sperm

Use no more than three words to rewrite these sentences

1. How long have you had the pain?
=> When did you have been had the pain?

2. The doctor diagnosed an upper respiratory tract infection to this patient.

=> This patient were diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection.

3. Dr. Ramone treated Mr. West for multiple injuries.

=> Mr. West was treated multiple injuries by Dr. Ramone.

4. I’ve taken Mr. Pool’s temperature, but I haven’t checked his blood pressure yet.
=> Mr. Pool’s temperature has been taken, but his blood pressure hasn’t been checked yet.

5. I’ve worked at this hospital for 6 months.

=> I started working at this hospital 6 months ago .

6. Since lastnight, I've had a high temperature, and I feel generally wretched.
=> I have had a high temperature lastnight, and I feel generally wretched.
7. She has used hydrogen peroxide solution to clean the cut.
=> Hydrogen peroxide solution has been used to clean the cut.

8. The last time he took sleeping pills was two years ago.
=> He hasn’t taken sleeping pills for two years.

9. He has never had pneumonia before.

=> This is the first time he has had pneumonia.

10. The doctor prescribed some pain relieve for you, and he discharged you.
= You were prescribed some pain relieve and discharged by the doctor.

11. The surgeons have just operated on this patient for appendicitis.
=> This patient has just been operated for appendicitis by the surgeons.

12. The patient has had a fever for the past few days.
=> The patient started having a fever few days ago .

13. When did your mother begin having bronchitis?

=> How long has your mother having bronchitis?

14. The nurse took the child to Gastroenterology for checking his stomach.
=> The child were taken Gastroenterology for checking his stomach by the nurse.

15. I haven’t eat anything for 2 or 3 days because of feeling nausea.

=> The last time I ate something was 2 or 3 days ago ( because of feeling nausea)
Name: Date:

An Apple for Lunch Multiple Choice Questions

Circle the correct answer.

1. The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is called the

a. Esophagus
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Rectum

2. Which part of the digestive system is about 21 feet long?

a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine

3. Which part of the digestive system can stretch and get bigger?

a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine

4. The part of the digestive system that uses acid to break down food is the

a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine

5. Nutrients in the small intestine get into the bloodstream by

a. Absolution
b. Abstraction
c. Abrasion
d. Absorption

6. The solid waste left over after all food is processed is stored at the end of the

a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
 THE URINARY SYSTEM

VOCABULARY
B_ _ _ _ _ _ Organ where urine collects before being
(bladder)
excreted from
the body.
U_ _ _ _ _ _ b_ _ _ _ _ _
(urinary bladder)
Bowman’s capsule Capsule surrounding a glomerulus and
serving as a collectionsite for urine.
C_________, calyces Cup-shaped structures in the renal pelvis
(sing., c_ _ _ _, c______) for the collection of urine.
C_ _ _ _ _ Outer portion of the kidney
(cortex)
creatine Substance found in urine; elevated levels
may indicate muscular dystrophy
creatinine A component of creatine

Process of separating solids from a liquid

F_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(filtration) by passing it through a porous substance

G_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Group of capillaries in a nephron

(glomerulus)
(pl., g_____________)
H_ _ _ _ (PL: h_ _ _) Portion of the kidney where blood vessels
(hilum)
and nerves enter and exit.
K_ _ _ _ _ Organ that forms urine and reabsorbs
(kidney)
essential substances
back into the bloodstream
M_ _ _ _ _ _ Soft, central portion of the kidney
(medulla)
N_ _ _ _ _ _ Functional unit of a kidney
(nephron)
P_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Gland surrounding the urethra in the
(prostate)
male; active in ejaculation of semen
R_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Process of returning essential elements to
(reabsorption) the bloodstream after filtration
R_ _ _ _ p_ _ _ _ _ Collecting area for urine in the center of
(renal pelvis)
the kidney
Enzyme produced in the kidneys to
 R_ _ _ _ regulate the filtration rate of blood by
(renin)
increasing blood pressure as necessary
U_ _ _ Waste product of nitrogen metabolism
(urea)
excreted in normal adult urine
U_ _ _ _ _ One of two tubes that conduct urine from
(ureter)
the kidney to the bladder
U_ _ _ _ _ _ Tube through which urine is transported
(urethra)
from the bladder to the exterior of the
body
U_ _ _ a_ _ _ Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
( urin acid)
U_ _ _ _ _ _ s_ _ _ _ _ Body system that forms and excretes
(Urinary system)
urine and helps in the reabsorption of
essential substances
U_ _ _ _ Fluid excreted by the urinary system
(Urine)

I. Match the word parts on the right with their meanings on the left.
MEANINGS WORD PARTS
1. kidney F A. ureter/o
2. bladder B B. cyst/o
3. stone, calculus H C. –pexy
4. renal pelvis E D. urethr/o
5. ureter A E. pyel/o
6. urination, urine I F. nephr/o
7. setting free, separation G G. –lysis
8. surgical fixation C H. lith/o
9. urethra D I. –uria
10. expansion, dilation j J. -ectasis

II. Read each statement and indicate whether you think it is true or false.

1. Being unable to control excretory functions is known as incontinence. T

2. The discharge of blood from the ureter is urethrorrhagia. F

3. A specialist in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys is a gynecologist. F

4. A nephrolithotomy is the surgical removal of a kidney stone through an incision in the kidney. T

5. The term meaning excessive urination is incontinence. T

III. Choose the best answer.

1. A specialist who treats the genitourinary system of males is a/ an .

A. gynecologist B. nephrologist C. neurologist D. urologist

2. Roberta Gridley is scheduled for surgical repair of damage to the ureter. This procedure is a/ an
.

A. ureteroplasty B. pyeloplasty C. cystorrhaphy D. urethropexy

3. The term meaning inflammation of the bladder is .

A. cystitis B. pyelitis C. cystectomy D. cystopexy

4. A surgical incision into the renal pelvis is .

A. cystectomy B. pyeloplasty C. pyelotomy D. uteroplasty

5. Mr. Baldridge suffers from excessive urination during the night. The medical term for this is .

A. anuria B. nocturia C. polyuria D. polyuria

6. The absence of urine formation by the kidneys is known as .

A. anuria B. nocturia C. oliguria D. polyuria

7. The surgical suturing of the bladder is known as .

A. cystorrhexis B. cystorrhagia C. cystorrhaphy D. nephrorrhaphy

8. The term meaning scanty urination is .

A. diuresis B. dysuria C. enuresis D. oliguria

9. John Danielson has an enlarged prostate gland. This caused narrowing of the urethra, which is
known as .

A. ureteroplasty B. urethrostenosis C. ureterorrhaphy D. urethropexy

10. Henry Wong’s kidney failed. He is being treated with , which involves the removal
from his blood through a fluid exchange in the abdominal cavity.

A. Hemodialysis (chạy thận nhân tạo) C. renal transplantation

 B. diuretics D. peritoneal dialysis

UNIT 6 MEDICAL TERM DEFINITION

N0 Definitions Terms

1 Inflammation of the bladder Cystitis

2 Protrusion of the bladder Cystocele
3 Stone in the bladder Cystolith
4 Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney Glomerulonephritis
5 Abnormal condition of water in the kidney Hydronephrosis
6 Inflammation of a kidney Nephritis
7 Kidney tumor containing developing cell (malignant tumor) Nephroblastoma
8 Condition of stone(s) in the kidney Nephrolithiasis
9 Tumor of the kidney Nephroma
10 Enlargement of a kidney Nephromegaly
11 Inflammation of the renal pelvis Pyelitis
12 Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney Pyelonephritis
13 Condition of urine (urea) in the blood Uremia
14 Inflammation of a ureter Ureteritis
15 Herniation of the ureter (protrusion of ureter) Ureterocele
16 Condition of stones in the ureters Ureterolithiasis
17 Narrowing of the ureter Ureterostenosis
18 Inflammation of the urethra and the bladder Urethrocystitis
19 Excision of the bladder Cystectomy
20 Incision of the bladder to remove a stone Cystolithotomy
21 Suturing the bladder Cystorrhaphy
22 Creating an artificial opening into the bladder Cystostomy
23 Excision of a kidney Nephrectomy
24 Surgical fixation of the kidney Nephropexy
25 Creation of an artificial opening into the kidney Nephrostomy
26 Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone pyelolithotomy
27 Surgical repair of the renal pelvis Pyeloplasty
28 Excision of a ureter Ureterectomy
29 Creation of an artificial opening into the ureter Ureterostomy
30 Surgical repair of the urethra Urethroplasty
31 X-ray image of the bladder Cystogram
32 X-ray imaging of the bladder Cystography
33 x-ray image of the kidney Nephrogram
34 X-ray imaging of the kidney Nephrography
35 Record of the kidney Renogram
36 Instrument used for visual examination of the bladder Cystoscope
37 Visual examination of the bladder Cystoscopy
38 Visual examination of the kidney Nephroscopy
39 Instrument used for visual examination of the urethra Urethroscope

Unit 6 Language focus exercise

Ex. 1 Use no more than three words to rewrite these sentences

1. Doctors review the most interesting cases in the clinical session every day.

→ The most interesting cases ___are reviewed___ every day in the clinical session.

2. The nurse checked the blood pressure of the patient before the operation.

→ The blood pressure of the patient __was checked__ before the operation.

3. The doctor has attended to ten patients this morning.

→ Ten patients __have been attended__ to this morning.

4. They have invented a new type of microchip.

→ A new type of microchip _has been invented__.

5. Someone described the first case of AIDS in 1984.

→ The first case of AIDS _was described_ in 1984.

6. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1950.

→ Penicillin _was discvered_ by Fleming in 1950.

7. They have cleaned the clinic.

→ The clinic __has been cleaned__.

8. Has the surgeon performed the operation?

→ __Has__ the operation __been performed__ by the surgeon?

9. Dr. Phillips have treated all the patients.

→ All the patients _have been treated_ by Dr. Phillips.

10. I heard that they have used animals here for scientific experiments.

→ I heard that animals _have been used_ here for scientific experiments.

Ex.2 Complete the sentences using the Present Passive. Use short forms.

1. The dressings ___________ (change) daily. (are changed)

2. Tumours ___________ (show up) by a CT scan. (are showed up)

3. Patients ___________ (not keep) waiting for too long. (are not kept)

4. The information about blood pressure _________ (not need) any more. (is not needed)

5. The electrodes ___________ (place) on the patient’s forehead. (are placed)

6. The patient’s heart rate and blood pressure ___________ (monitor) at all times.

(are monitored)

7. Brain function ___________ (record) on this chart. (is recorded)

8. Anaethetists have to ___________ very highly. (train) (be trained)

9. A person with hypothermia must not ___________ (warm up) too quickly.

(be warmed up)

11. Staff can ___________ (contact) using your pager if there is an emergency.

(be contacted)
Ex.3 Circle the correct answer

1. Her blood __________ yesterday.

A. were tested B. was tested C. was test D. were test

2. A dust allergy ___________ by the test.

A. were indicated B. was indicated C. was indicate D. were indicate

3. Mr. Chung ___________ by a heart attack.

A. was kill B. were killed C. was killed D. were kill

4. The danger signs ___________ by the nurse.

A. weren’t understood B. wasn’t understood

C. weren’t understand D. wasn’t understand

5. Sample tissue ___________ to the laboratory.

A. were sent B. was send C. were send D. was sent

6. The man ___________ CPR by paramedics.

A. was given B. were gave C. was gave D. were given

7. A & E ___________ because of lack of money.

A. were closed B. was closed C. were close D. was close

8. Her heart rate ___________ at 18bpm.

A. was recorded B. were recorded C. was record D. were record

9. The men ___________ entry to the hospital.

A. were refused B. was refused C. was refuse D. were refuse

10. The operation had to ___________.

A. be cancelled B. been cancelled C. is cancelled D. are cancelled

Ex.4 Complete the case history with the words below, using the Present or Past Passive
or Active forms of the verbs below. Some verbs can be used more than once.
 Give take see (not) weight) identify

record start diagnose show

Patient’s name Irene Garcia

History

This 60-year-old woman with a three-year history of diabetes (1) _was seen_ originally for
worsening shortness of breath and a bad cough. When she was 55, she (2) _was diagnosed_
with chronic lung disease. According to records, Ms. Garcia (3) _was identified_ an oral
glucose tolerance test last year and diabetes (4) _ was identified _. Her diabetes is managed
by diet and exercise and she (5) _took_ no medication. Her blood glucose (6) _was
taken/recorded_ one month ago. It was 6.8% (normal 4-6%).

Today’s date 7th April

The patient is admitted to Ward 7 for 72 hours of tests. Her glucose level (7) _is
taken/recorded_ but she (8) _isn’t weighed_ at this time. Insulin levels (9) by tests to be very
low and falling. Her blood pressure (10) _is recorded_ at 130/70, pulse 120, respiratory rate
24. A chest x-ray (11) _shows_ damage to her lungs. The patient (12) _is started_ on a new
course of medication.

Write the medical terms for these definitions

1. Practice of medicine specializing in the urinary tract _UROLOGY_

2. A practitioner who diagnoses, treats, and performs surgery on _UROLOGISTS_
the urinary system and reproductive system.
3. Medical term refers to a person who can live with only one _NEPHRECTOMY_
kidney, so a diseased kidney may be removed.
4. Removal of adhesions in the kidney _NEPHROLYSIS_
5. The creation of an opening in the kidney leading to the outside _NEPHROSTOMY_
of the body
6. Surgical removal of a kidney stone _NEPHROLITHOTOMY_
7. Surgical affixing in place of a floating kidney _NEPHROPEXY_
8. Suturing of a damaged kidney _NEPHRORRHAPHY_
9. An incision into the renal pelvis _PYELOTOMY_
10. Surgical repair of the renal pelvis. _PYELOPLASTY_
11. Surgical repair of a ureter _URETEROPLASTY_
12. Suture of a damaged ureter _URETERORRHAPHY_
13. Surgical removal of a diseased ureter _URETERECTOMY_
14. Removal of the bladder (usually when cancer is present) _CYSTECTOMY_
15. Surgical fixing of the bladder to the abdominal wall _CYSTOPEXY_
16. Surgical repair of a bladder _CYSTOPLASTY_
17. Suturing of a damaged bladder. _CYSTORRHAPHY_
18. The urethra may also need surgical repair _URETHROPLASTY_
19. The urethra may also need surgical fixation _URETHROPEXY_
20. The urethra may also need suturing _URETHRORRHAPHY_
21. Surgical creation of an opening between the urethra and the _URETHROSTOMY_
skin
22. Surgical enlargement of the opening of the meatus _MEATOTOMY_
23. A narrowing in the urethra may require a ______, a surgical _URETHROTOMY_
incision to enlarge the narrowed area.
24. Creation of an artificial opening in the abdomen through which _UROSTOMY_
urine exits the body
25. An endoscope used to cut and remove lesions in parts of the _RESECTOSCOPE_
urinary system.