Roll number

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Master of Technology (Design Engineering)
Continuum Mechanics: ME-501
END SEMESTER EXAMINATION
Timing: 2.00PM to 4:00PM Date: DEC 14, 2021 Max mark: 40

Marks Distribution and Mapping of Questions with Course Outcomes (COs)

Question Number Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Marks 8 8 8 8 8
CO No. 1 2 2 3 3
Learning Level 1 2 2 3 4

Note:
I. Attempt all the questions and Any missing data may be assumed suitably.
II. Write the answers in hard copy (on A4 or any other sheet available) using blue/black pen with your signature on top
and bottom of each page. Also put page numbers on upper right corner of each page of the answer booklet.
III. The time allowed for writing examination is 120 minutes. Extra 10 minutes are allowed for scanning and sending
the answer booklet.

1. (a) Let the volume V have a bounding surface S with an outward unit normal ni .
Letxi be the position vector to any point in the volume or on its surface. Show
thatR R
(i) s xi nj dS = δij V (ii) s 5(x.x)n̂dS = 6V
(b) Consider the vector x = xi ebi having a magnitude squared x2 = x21 + x22 + x23 .
Determine
(i) grad (xn x) (ii) curl (xn x) ; where n is a positive integer (iii) 52 x1

(c) Consider the vector x = xi ebi having a magnitude squared x2 = x21 + x22 + x23 or
δ xx
having a magnitude x, show that x,ij = xij − xi 3 j

2. (a) A linear elastic material has reflectional symmetry for reflections in the (X2 , X3 ),
(X3 , X1 ) and (X1 , X2 ) planes (such a material is said to be orthotropic). Show
that it has nine independent elastic constants.
(b) Show that a transversely isotropic linear elastic solid has five independent elastic
constants, and find the form of W for a linear elastic solid which is transversely
isotropic with respect to the X2 -axis.
(c) Show that an isotropic linear elastic solid has two independent elastic constants.

3. (a) Making use of the divergence theorem of Gauss together with the identity
∂wi 1
∂t = 2 εijk ak,j + εijk εkmq (wm vq ),j
show that
∂
R R 1

∂t v w i dV = s 2 εijk a k + w j vi − w i vj nj dS

(b) What is Cauchy stress tensor? Prove that the Cauchy stress tensor is symmet-
ric using the principle of angular momentum. Explain each term used in the
derivation.
Page-1
CONTINUED
4. Given the deformation defined by
x 1 = X1
x2 = X2 + 21 X3 2
x 3 = X3
(a) Sketch the deformed shape of the unit square OABC in the plane X1 = 0..
(b) Calculate the dot product dx(2) · dx(3) , and from it determine the change in the
original right angle between dX (2) and dX (3) at C due to the deformation.
ˆ ˆ
(c) Compute the stretch λ at B in the direction of the unit normal N̂ = I2√+2I3
5. A continuum body in the form of the unit cube shown by the sketch undergoes the
homogeneous deformation
x1 = λ1 X1 , x2 = λ2 X2 , x3 = λ3 X3
where λ1 , λ2 , and λ3 are constants.

Determine the relationships among λ1 , λ2 , and λ3 if

(a) the length of diagonal OC remains unchanged
(b) the rectangular area ABFE remains unchanged,

*** End of Paper***

Page-2
 Mk Ckh vkj vECksMdj jk"Vªh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] tkyU/kj
Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JALANDHAR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MTech., 1st Semester, End Semester Examination (15/12/2021)
ME – 503, MATERIALS IN MECHANICAL DESIGN
Max. Marks – 40 Time – 2 Hrs.
This Question Paper consists of 8 Questions.
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Write the answers in hard copy (on A4 sheet) using blue/black pen with your signature on top left
and page number on top right corner of each page of the answer booklet. Solve Q 5 using GRANTA
Edupack software and copy the created graph in MS-word/Pdf for submission.
3. The time allowed for writing examination is 02 hours. Extra 15 minutes are allowed for preparing
the PDF file of Answer Booklet and submitting it.
4. Follow the instructions regarding submission of answer booklet as issued by the examination
section.

Q.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CO 3 2 1,2 1 2 3 2
DL 2 2 3 1 2 2 2

1. A composite material is to be created for use as bone implants in humans which shall have
properties close to that of human bones. A group of researchers have suggested use of a
particle reinforced composite material having high density polyethylene as the matrix
material and artificially created bone mineral as a particulate reinforcement. The matrix
material and the reinforcement materials have the E values of 0.65 GPa and 80 GPa
respectively.
(a) Calculate and plot the Voigt and Reuss modulus of the resulting composite material for
various volume fractions of reinforcement from 0 to 1 in steps of 0.1.
(b) The experimental results of “E” for the composite material are provided below-
S.NO Vf of bone mineral E (GPa)
1 0.1 0.98
2 0.2 1.6
3 0.3 2.7
4 0.4 4.3
5 0.5 5.5
Plot the same on the chart created in (a) above and comment on the accuracy of prediction
of E using the theoretical equations. The E for human bone is approximated as 6.0 GPa. Is
this proposed composite a valid replacement for the human bones? (6)

2. An aluminium beam is loaded in 3 point bending as shown below. A load P1 = 720 N is observed
to cause a deflection of 1 mm at the center of the beam. The beam has a span length s = 1m and
has a mass/unit length of 1 kg/m. Calculate the elastic bending shape factor φeB if the density
of the aluminium is 2670 kg/m3 and E = 70 GPa. (3)
 3. Automatic rising security columns are used for security of vital installations these days as
shown in figure below. The main purpose such device (rising columns) is to prevent the
vehicles from passing when activated.

Each one of these columns can be assumed as a cantilever of length l and loaded as shown above
and designed for failure strength. The column is assumed to have a solid cylindrical cross section
of radius R . For minimising the power requirement for lifting of each column, it shall be as light
as possible.
(a) Derive the material Index for this problem and rank the materials given below as per their
performance.

S.No Material Density (Mg/m3) σf (MPa)

1 Wood 0.6 100
2 Carbon fiber reinforced polymer 1.6 300
3 Aluminium Alloy 2.7 350
4 Mild Steel 7.6 350
5 Concrete 2.1 80

(b) A column of length l = 0.6m is to be designed to withstand a load W= 40kN without failure.
Due to space constraints, the maximum allowed radius of column R = 50mm. Do these design
limitations ask for a revision of the rank list generated in (a) above? If yes, revise the same.
(5)

4. (a) Differentiate between the term Minimum Volume fraction (Vmin) and critical volume
fraction (Vcrit) in relation to a fiber reinforced unidirectional composite when loaded in fiber
direction. Derive expressions for Vmin and Vcrit. (3)
(b) Define a hybrid material and classify the same. Explain the basic need of developing a hybrid
material (2)

5. Problem using GRANTA Edupack-

Failure stress in the case of large cracks in materials is given by the following expression-

Use the Advanced facility in GRANTA Edupack (Level 2 Database) to make a bar chart showing

plotted on the y-axis (K1c = Fracture toughness) for an internal crack of length 2c
=

0.001 m and density, ρ on the x-axis . Use the chart to find the two metals with highest values of
σf / ρ . (5)

6. What is a multiple constraint material selection problem? Material is to be selected for a light,
stiff and strong beam. (a) Derive the material indices for the two constraints individually (b) Explain
the concept of coupling constant and derive the coupling constant for the problem.
(6)
7. φeB can be written as 12I/A2 for a beam subjected to elastic bending and φfB can be written as
6Z/A3/2. Expand the above two equations and plot the same on I vs A and Z vs A plots. Also show
the maximum achievable values of shape factors for Steel sections and Aluminum on the plots.
(4)
8. Prove that best material and shape combination for making a spring which uses the least material
is the one which has the greatest value of material index M1 given by :-

(6)

***************
 Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
M Tech (Mechanical Engineering) First Semester
ME-505 Finite Element Method
End Semester Examination, December 2021
Duration: 02 Hours Max. Marks: 40 Date: 16 Dec. 2021

Marks Distribution & Mapping of Questions with Course

Outcomes (COs)
Question Number 1 2 3 4 5
Marks 8 8 8 8 8
CO No. 1 3 2 3 4
Learning Level 1 1 2 3 3
Note:
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Write the answers in hard copy (on A4 sheet) using blue/black pen with your signature on top left and
page number on top right corner of each page of the answer booklet.
3. The time allowed for writing examination is 02 hours. Extra 15 minutes are allowed for preparing the
PDF file of Answer Booklet and submitting it.
4. Follow the instructions regarding submission of answer booklet as issued by the examination section.

1. Discuss the importance of FEM. Derive the stiffness and mass matrix of one
dimensional two nodded bar element.
2. Derive the governing equation and find the solution using FEM for the given problem
in figure 1. q0= 10 N/m2 and L =1 m.
3. The circular rod depicted in Figure 2 has an outside diameter of 70 mm, length of 1 m,
and is perfectly insulated on its circumference. The left half of the cylinder is aluminum,
for which kx = 190 W/m-°C and the right half is copper having kx = 390 W/m-°C. The
extreme right end of the cylinder is maintained at a temperature of 200°C, while the left
end is subjected to a heat input rate 7000 W/m2. Using four equal-length elements,
determine the steady-state temperature distribution in the cylinder.
4. An S-shaped block used in force measurement is subjected to a load as shown in Fig. 3.
Take E = 80 000 N/mm2 and v = 0.25. Write the steps and find the maximum deflection
using FEM software.
5. Define shape function. Derive the shape function of four, eight and nine nodded two-
dimensional element.

Figure 1
 Figure 2

Figure 3
 Roll No………………….
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
MTech (Design Engineering) I semester - Elective
ME-535: Robotics: Mechanics and Control
End Semester Examination, December 2021
Duration: 2 hours Max. Marks: 80 Date: 17th December 2021

Marks Distribution & Mapping of Questions with Course Outcomes (COs)

Question 1(a) 1(b) 1(c) 2(a) 2(b) 3(a) 3(b) 3(c) 4(a) 4(b) 4(c)
Number
Marks 5 5 10 10 10 5 10 5 5 5 10
CO No. 1,2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 3,4,5 3,4,5
Learning 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Level

Note:
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Write the answers in hard copy (on A4 sheet) using blue/black pen with your
signature on top left and page number on top right corner of each page of the
answer booklet.
3. The time allowed for writing the examination is 02 hours. Extra 15 minutes
are allowed for preparing the PDF file of the Answer Booklet and submitting
it.
4. Follow the instructions regarding submission of answer booklet as issued by
the examination section.
5. Answers should be clear and to the point.

Consider the 3-DOF RPR robot configuration shown in Figure Q. 1.

q1, q2 and q3 can vary with time. All questions are with reference to this
robot, unless otherwise mentioned.

Figure Q. 1.

Q. 1. (a) Assign a coordinate frame to each link based on the D-H convention.
Frame {0} may be taken as a fixed inertial frame. [5]

1
 (b) Prepare a table of link parameters and joint variables? [5]

(c) Determine the expression for position of the end point tip C of the
manipulator as observed and expressed in the frame {0}. [10]

Q. 2. (a) Derive the expression for angular velocity of the last link 003 in
terms of joint variables and link parameters. [10]
(b) Derive the expression for the velocity 00 rC of C. Also, derive the
expression for 03 rC . Is it the same as 03 R  00 rC  ? Explain. [10]

Q. 3. (a) Determine separately the Jacobians relating the velocity of C, and

the angular velocity of the arm link 3, as observed and expressed in
frame {0}, to the rate of change of joint variables. [5]

(b) Analyze and explain the postures under which these manipulator
Jacobians attain a singular configuration? [10]

(c) Ignoring gravity, what are the joint torques or forces required in
order that the manipulator be able to apply a force 0 FC  10iˆ0 N at the
tip C and a static moment of 0 C  100kˆ0 N∙m? [5]

Q. 4. (a) For the last rigid link 3 of the manipulator shown in Figure 1, assume
it to be of rectangular cross-section of dimensions a × b, and mass as m.
Write the elements of its inertia tensor about the center of its mass C3,
and expressed in frame {3} fixed to the moving rigid link 3. [5]

(b) Write the expression for angular momentum of the rigid link 3 about
its mass center, when expressed in the frame {0}. Use the notation and
results obtained earlier. [5]

(c) Apply a PID controller to control the last revolute joint of the
manipulator system of Figure Q. 1? Derive and explain the controller
design. Make necessary assumptions. Schematically show how the joint
controller can be integrated with the actuator, sensor and digital
controller. [10]

2
 Roll No…………………..

Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar

M Tech (Thermal Engineering)
ME-551 Advanced Thermodynamics
End Semester Examination
Duration: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 40 Date: 14th Dec 2021
Note:
1. This question paper consists of 5 questions
2. All questions are compulsory. Question should be attempted in sequential order
3. Write the answers in hard copy (on A4 or any other sheet available) using blue/black
pen with their sign on top and bottom of each page
4. Also put page numbers on upper right corner of each page of the answer booklet
5. Follow the instructions regarding submission of answer booklet as issued by
examination section
6. Data tables are allowed in the examination hall

Marks Distribution & Mapping of Questions with Course Outcomes (COs)

Question 1 2 3 4 5
Number
(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (c)

Marks 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 3
CO No. 1 1, 2 2 3, 3, 4 1 2 3 3 1
2 4
Learning Level 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1

1. (a) A piston–cylinder device contains helium gas initially at

100 kPa, 10C, and 0.2 m3. The helium is now compressed in a
polytropic process (PVn = constant) to 700 kPa and 290C.
Determine the heat loss or gain during this process. Assume R
= 2.0769 kPa.m3/kg.K and cv = 3.1156 kJ/kg∙K

(b) An adiabatic gas turbine expands air at 1300 kPa and 500C
to 100 kPa and 127C. Air enters the turbine through a 0.2-m2
opening with an average velocity of 40 m/s, and exhausts
through a 1-m2 opening. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of air
through the turbine and (b) the power produced by the turbine.
Assume R = 0.287 kPa∙m3/kg∙K and cp = 1.048 kJ/kg∙K

2. (a) Derive the equation:

1
 𝜕𝑐𝑣 𝜕 2𝑝
( ) = 𝑇 ( 2)
𝜕𝑣 𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝑣

Also, prove that 𝑐𝑣 of an ideal gas is a function of T only.

(b) What do you understand by concept of fugacity and concept

of chemical potential?

3. (a) The reaction N2 + O2 ⇋ 2NO occurs in internal combustion

engines. Determine the equilibrium mole fraction of NO when
the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 1527 C.

(b) Calculate the adiabatic flame temperature of propane fuel

(C3H8) when it is burned with stoichiometric amount of air.
The reactants are at 25C and 1 atm.

4. (a) Air enters a compressor at ambient conditions of 100 kPa

and 20C at a rate of 4.5 m3/s with a low velocity, and exits at
900 kPa, 60C, and 80 m/s. The compressor is cooled by
cooling water that experiences a temperature rise of 10C. The
isothermal efficiency of the compressor is 70 percent.
Determine (a) the actual and reversible power inputs, (b) the
second-law efficiency, and (c) the mass flow rate of the cooling
water.

(b) In an ideal gas mixture the partial pressures of the

component gases are as follows: CO2, 20 kPa; O2, 30 kPa; and
N2, 50 kPa. Determine the mole fractions and mass fractions of
each component. Calculate the apparent molar mass, the
apparent gas constant, the constant-volume specific heat, and
the specific heat ratio at 300 K for the mixture.

2
5. (a) Explain the significance of the Gibbs-Duhem equation.
(b) Draw and explain the phase diagram of H2O.
(c) Explain non-equilibrium thermodynamics with suitable
example. How it is different from equilibrium
thermodynamics.

3
 Roll No…………………..
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
M Tech (Thermal Engineering)
ME -553, Advanced Heat Transfer
End Semester Examination, Dec 2021
Duration: 02 Hours Max. Marks: 40 Date: 15 Dec 2021
Marks Distribution & Mapping of Questions with Course Outcomes (COs)
Question 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
Number a b c a b a b a b c d a b c
Marks 2 2 4 4 4 3 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
CO No. 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 4 4 1 2 5
Learning 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
Level
Note:
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Write the answers in hard copy (on A4 sheet) using blue/black pen with
your signature on top left and page number on top right corner of each
page of the answer booklet.
3. The time allowed for writing examination is 02 hours. Extra 15 minutes
are allowed for preparing the PDF file of Answer Booklet and
submitting it.
4. Follow the instructions regarding submission of answer booklet as
issued by the examination section.

Question 1
(a) What are the steps involved in developing the theoretical model of
physical problems.
(b) What are different methods used for developing the solutions of
theoretical problems? What are their relative merits and demerits?
(c) Draw the differential elements in spherical and cylindrical coordinates.
Label the heat interactions on that and further write (no derivation) the
3D conduction equation in spherical and cylindrical coordinates for
anisotropic material, with internal heat generation and unsteady state.
Marks: 2+2+4
Question 2
(a) Obtain an expression for a boundary condition that is a combination of
boundary conditions of the second and third kind. More specifically,
the boundary under consideration is in contact with a moving fluid (h,
T) and is subjected to a heat flux q". Write this boundary condition in
the three major coordinate systems (Cartesian, cylindrical, and
spherical).

1
 (b) Consider the conical fin of known material of Fig. 1. Write the model
equation and boundary conditions required to solve temperature
distribution and the heat transfer rate through its base.

Figure 1
Conical fin.

Marks: 4+4

Question 3
(a) You are given the task to develop the theoretical analysis to
develop temperature distribution in the heat affected zone
(HAZ) in the weld metal during the arc welding process.
Write the model equation and required boundary conditions
to solve the problem.
(b) The two-dimensional heat transfer model of the rib fin can be
improved if radiative cooling is taken into account as well.
Such an improvement may be necessary if the coolant is a gas
(air, for example). A schematic of an improved model is
shown in Fig. 2. The radiative cooling is approximated with
the help of a constant heat flux ' applied at both sides of the
fin. Use the principle of superposition and decompose the
problem described above into as small a number of problems
as possible solvable by direct application of the method of
separation of variables. Further write the required boundary
conditions to solve for temperature distribution in the fin and
heat transfer from the base of the fin.

2
 Figure 2

Marks: 3+5

Question 4
a) Define velocity and thermal boundary layers for flow over a flat
surface? How are they related to each other?
b) Draw the variation of heat transfer coefficient and coefficient of
friction along the length for flow over a heated flat plate.
c) Write generic transport equation and further write contribution of each
term in the conserved quantity balance in discussion.
d) What is Stoke’s hypothesis? Write the constitutive law that comes out
from the Stoke’s hypothesis. Write the relevance of each term in the
constitutive law.
Marks: 2+2+2+2

Question 5

a) What is the difference between the radiation analysis with and

without participating medium? Prove that entire radiation
analysis is done in terms of radiation intensity.
b) Define i) directional spectral emissivity ii) hemispherical
spectral emissivity. Also, write the expressions for each one
of them.
c) Consider a long duct (as shown in Fig. 3) constructed with
diffuse, gray walls 1 m wide. (a) Determine the net radiation
transfer from surface A1 per unit length of the duct. (b)
Determine the temperature of the insulated surface A3. (c)

3
What effect would changing the value of 3 have on your
result? After considering your assumptions, comment on
whether you expect your results to be exact.

Figure 3
Marks: 2+2+4

4
 Roll No…………………..
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
PhD+MTech (Mechanical Engineering)
ME-555, Computational Fluid Dynamics
End Semester Examination
Duration: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 40 Date: 16th Dec. 2021
Note: Attempt all the questions

Marks Distribution & Mapping of Questions with Course Outcomes (COs)

Question 1(a) 1(b) 2(a) 2(b) 3(a) 3(b) 4(a) 4(b) 5
Number
Marks 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 5
CO No. 1 2 2, 3 4 3 2 3 4 4
Learning 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
Level

1. (a) Write the different methods of approximation for the advection equation (05)
(advective transport). Also, present the weightage for upstream and
downstream grid points.
(b) Write a pseudo code to solve 2-D unsteady Momentum equation using (05)
FVM.
2. (a) Explain advective and diffusion transports. Use suitable examples for their (05)
demonstration.
(b) Define the importance of grid for a computational problem and write the (05)
inverse transformation equation and use tuning factor to explain the same.
3. (a) Write a pseudo code to solve 2-D unsteady energy equation using FVM. (05)
(b) Solve 1-D transient computational heat transfer (CHT) problem in a steel (05)
bar using explicit method (FDM). The initial temperature is 25oC and total
time is 12 seconds. Assume the time step of 3 seconds and six nodes (4
interior) along the length. Draw the line plot of the temperature distribution
for different time steps as a function of the length of the bar. Take, λ =
αΔt/Δx2= 0.4239, and 150oC and 30oC as the right and left wall
temperatures, respectively.
4. (a) Explain staggered grid for a 2-D problem to obtain U, V and Pressure with (02)
the help of stencils.
(b) Explain corrector and predictor steps in semi-explicit method used for (03)
staggering of U, V and Pressure.
5 Write a pseudo code to obtain U, V and Pressure for a 2-D fluid flow (05)
problem using staggered grid method.
 Roll No…………………..
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
M Tech (Mechanical Engineering)
ME–569 Alternate Fuels for IC Engines
End Semester Examination
Duration: 02 Hours Max. Marks: 40 Date: 17 Dec 2021

Marks Distribution & Mapping of Questions with Course Outcomes (COs)

Question Number 1 2 3 4
Marks 10 10 10 10
CO No. 01 02 03 02
Learning Level 1 3 2 3

Note:
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Write the answers in hard copy (on A4 sheet) using blue/black pen with
your signature on top left and page number on top right corner of each
page of the answer booklet.
3. The time allowed for writing examination is 02 hours. Extra 15 minutes
are allowed for preparing the PDF file of Answer Booklet and
submitting it.
4. Follow the instructions regarding submission of answer booklet as
issued by the examination section.

1. Explain everything about biofuels. What is the Transesterification

process of Biodiesel? List and describe the various variables
affecting the yield of Biodiesel.

2. Describe in your own words the use of Alcohol as a Fuel for both
Petrol and Diesel Internal combustion Engines.

3. Discuss the merits of Hydrogen as a fuel. List and explain various

methods of producing Hydrogen.

4. What are the various reasons of production of pollutants from an

IC Engine? Explain with neat sketches Diesel Particulate Filter and
Selective Catalytic Reduction post combustion control devices.

1
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