5th English Maths 2

Government of Karnataka
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MATHEMATICS
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bl Standard
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Part II
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Karnataka Text Book Society (R.)

100 Feet Ring Road,
Banashankari 3rd Stage, Bengaluru - 85
PART II
CONTENTS
Sl. No. UNIT PAGE NO.
1. Multiplication 1-7
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2. Division 8-20
3. Mental Arithmetic 21-34
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4. Decimal fractions 35-50
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5.
bl Money 51-65
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6. Weight and Volume 66-81

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7. Time 82-93
8. Symmetrical figures 94-104
9. Three dimensional figures 105-111

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10. Patterns 112-129
Answer 130-134
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No
ii
Chapter - 1
MULTIPLICATION
After studying this Chapter you can,
l find the product of two 3-digit numbers,
l multliplication of a 4-digit number by a 1 & 2 digit number,
d
l multliplication of a 5-digit number with a 1- digit number,
he
l solve verbal problems based on multiplication.
We already know that ‘multiplication’ is one of the basic
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mathematical operations. ‘Multiplication’ is repeated addition. You
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can multiply two numbers at a time.
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The number to be multiplied is called the 'multiplicand'. The
number which multiplies the given number is called the 'multiplier',
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the result of multiplication is called the 'product'.
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multiplicand ´ multiplier = product

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Properties of Multiplication
1. The product of any number and zero is always zero.
Example : 12 ´ 0 = 0, 8 ´ 0 = 0
2. The product of any number and 1 is always the number itself.
Example : 9 ´ 1 = 9, 6 ´ 1 = 6
3. The product remains the same when we interchange multiplicand
o
and multiplier.
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Example : 4 ´ 7 = 28, 7 ´ 4 =28.

Revision Exercise
No
I. Find the product of the following.

1) 35 ´ 0 4) 1 ´ 235
2) 164 ´ 1 5) 0 ´ 1,001
3) 100 ´ 0 6) 1 ´ 55
1
II. Find the product of the following.
1) 45 ´ 16 4) 18 ´ 42
2) 63 ´ 31 5) 83 ´ 17
3) 162 ´ 17 6) 234 ´ 22
III. Solve the following problems.
1) Cost of one note book is ` 16, What is the cost of 12 note
d
books?
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2) The school fee of a student is ` 38. What is the total fee
of 128 students?
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3) 63 students went on one day excursion with their class
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teacher. The class teacher collected ` 150 from each
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student towards travel and lunch expenses. What is the
total amount collected?
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4) The cost of a bag containing 10 kg. rice is ` 285. Find the
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cost of 25 bags of rice.

5) The head master decides to give first and second prize for
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various competitions. 16 students got first prize and 16

students got second prize. If the cost of first and second
prize is ` 11 and ` 9 respectively, find the total amount
required by head master to buy the prizes.
Multiplication of a 3-digit number by another 3-digit number :
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Example 1
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Find the product of 156 and 267.

2 6 7
No
´ 1 5 6
Steps involved in multiplication
1st row 1 6 0 2
1. Multiply : 267 ´ 6 = 1,602. Write
2nd row 1 3 3 5 the product in first row to left side from
3rd row 2 6 7 the units place.
4 1 6 5 2
2
2. Multiply : 267 ´ 5 = 1,335. Write
the product in second row starting from
the tens place to the left side.
3. Multiply : 267 ´ 1 =267. Write the
product in third row starting from the
hundreds place to the left side.
d
4. Add the digits in these three rows.
he
Therefore 267 ´ 156 = 41,652
Example 2
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A note book contains 192 pages. How many pages do such
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250 note books contain ?
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2 5 0
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Number of note books = 250. ´ 1 9 2
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Number of pages in each note book =192. 5 0 0

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\ Total number of pages in 250 note books 2 2 50

= 250 ´ 192 2 5 0
= 48,000 4 8 00 0
\ There are 48,000 pages in 250 note books.
o
Multiplication of a 4-digit number by 1 or 2-digit number :

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Example 1
Multiply 2,468 by 7
No
Step 1
Multiplicand 2 4 6 8 Multiply : 8 ´ 7 = 56
Multiplier ´ 7 Write 6 in units place and carry 5
Product 6 to tens place.
3
Step 2 5
2 4 6 8 Multiply : 6 ´ 7 = 42
´ 7 Add 5 to product, i.e., 5 + 42 =47
7 6 Write 7 in tens place and 4 to
hundreds place.
Step 3 4
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2 4 6 8 Multiply : 4 ´ 7 = 28
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´ 7 Add 4 to product, i.e., 4 + 28 =32
2 7 6 Write 2 in hundreds place and
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B carry 3 to thousands place.
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Step 4 3
2 4 6 8 Multiply: 2 ´ 7 = 14
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´ 7 Add 3 to product, i.e., 3+ 14 =17
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1 7 2 7 6 Write 17 as last two digits.

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So, product of 2,468 and 7 is 17,276

Example 2
Find the product of 1,376 and 34.
Steps involved in multiplication
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1 3 7 6 1. Multiply : 1,376 ´ 4 = 5,504. Write

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´ 3 4 the product in first row to left side from

1st row 5 5 0 4 the units place.
No
2nd row 4 1 2 8 2. Multiply : 1,376 ´ 3 = 4,128. Write

the product in second row starting from
4 6,7 8 4
the tens place to the left side.
3. Add the digits in these two rows.
\ 1,376 ´ 34 = 46,784
4
3) A garment factory manufactures 2,718 dresses in a day. Find
the number of dresses manufactured in 23 working days.
Number of dresses manufactured in one day = 2,718 2 7 1 8
Number of working days = 23 ´ 2 3
Total Number of dresses manufactured in 23 working days 8 1 5 4
d
= 2,718 ´ 23 543 6
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= 62,514 6 2,5 1 4
\ 62,514 dresses were manufactured in 23 working days.
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Multiplication of a 5-digit number by 1-digit number.
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Example 1
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Multiply 10,843 by 8
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Multiplicand 1 0 8 4 3 Multiply : 10,843 ´ 8 = 86,744.

Multiplier ´ 8 Write the product in first row to
Product 8 6 , 7 4 4 left side from the units place.
\ 10,843 ´ 8 = 86,744.
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Example 2
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Multiply 21,807 by 4
2 1 8 0 7 Multiply : 21,807 ´ 4 = 87,228. Write the product

No
´ 4 in first row to left side from the units place.

8 7, 2 2 8 \ 21,807 ´ 4 = 87,228.
5
Exercise 1.1
I. Multiply
1) 146 ´ 173 2) 178 ´ 142
3) 163 ´ 134 4) 183 ´ 208
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5) 150 ´ 107 6) 248 ´ 212
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7) 316 ´ 100 8) 100 ´ 523
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II. Multiply
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1) 2,861 ´ 9 2) 3,947 ´ 7
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3) 7,254 ´ 6 4) 6,041 ´ 5
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5) 8,028 ´ 8 6) 4,395 ´ 9
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III. Find the product.
1) 9,025 ´ 10 2) 2,549 ´ 20
3) 3,746 ´ 23 4) 4,756 ´ 19
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5) 2,439 ´ 31 6) 1,258 ´ 13
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7) 1,028 ´ 37 8) 2,375 ´ 16
No
IV. Multiply
1) 21,497 ´ 3 2) 15,746 ´ 5
3) 11,048 ´ 7 4) 10,039 ´ 9
6
V. Solve the following problems.
1) Mr. Siddappa is a fruit selling agent who exports oranges.

One box contains 144 oranges. If he export 259 boxes of
oranges, find the total number of oranges exported.
2) In a protected forest area, 160 trees are planted in each
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row and 108 trees in each column. Find the total number
of trees planted in the forest area.
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3) A dealer buys 27 bicycles for his show room. Cost of
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each bicycle is ` 2,067. Find the total amount paid by
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the dealer.
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4) A farmer grew 23 quintals of wheat. He sold them for
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` 1,935 per quintal. How much amount did the farmer
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get by selling wheat ?

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No
7
Chapter - 2
DIVISION
divide the numbers by standard division algorithm method,
l divide a 5-digit number by another 1 or 2-digit number by
d
using standard division algorithm method,
he
l solve verbal problems based on division of numbers.
In the previous class we have learnt how to do division by the method
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of grouping in equal numbers and repeated subtraction.
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Observe the following examples.
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1. Division by grouping
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When 32 balls are grouped in 4 each, it makes 8 groups.

\ 32 ¸ 4 = 8
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2. Division by repeated subtraction.

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32 - 4 = 28 20 - 4 = 16 8-4=4
No
28 - 4 = 24 16 - 4 = 12 4-4=0
24 - 4 = 20 12 - 4 = 8
Subtraction is done 8 times.
\ 32 ¸ 4 = 8
8
Revision Exercise
I. Encircle the objects as shown in the example and write
the answer in given box
Example :
6¸3 = 2
d
a. 10 ¸ 5 =
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b. 20 ¸ 4 =
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c. 15 ¸ 3 =
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d. 9¸3 =
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II. Divide the following using repeated subtraction method.

a. 12 ¸ 4
b. 25 ¸ 5
c. 42 ¸ 7
d. 30 ¸ 10
e. 75 ¸ 15
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Now let us learn the process of division by other ways.

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Division is reverse process of multiplication

8 ´ 4 = 32 32 ¸ 8 = 4
No
32 ¸ 4 = 8
It is easy to follow these methods when the numbers are small.
Suppose we have to divide 84 by 4. It is time consuming and difficult
to follow the above methods. A standard method is followed in any
division process. Now let us learn this method of division.
9
Example 1
Divide 84 by 4.
2 1 Quotient
®
Divisor ® 4) 8 4 Dividend
®
8 ¯
0 4
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4
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0 Remainder
®
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Steps involved in division
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1. Start division from the digit in highest place of the dividend.
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Here, 8 is in tens place.
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2. 4 ´ 2 = 8. Write 2 as the first digit of the quotient and 8 below
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the first digit of dividend from left.

3. Subtract : 8 - 8 = 0. Write the remainder 0.
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4. Bring down 4 of units place. Divide this 4 by the divisor 4.

4 ´ 1 = 4. Write 1 as the next digit of the quotient and 4 below 4.
5. Subtract : 4 - 4 = 0. Write the last remainder 0.
This method of division is called Standard Division Algorithm.
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Example 2
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Divide 49 by 2 using standard division algorithm.

2 4 Quotient
®
No
Divisor ® 2) 4 9 Dividend
®
4 ¯
0 9
0 8
1 Remainder
®
10
Steps involved in division algorithm
1. Start division from the digit in highest place of the dividend.
Here it is started from 4 of tens place.
2. 2 ´ 2 = 4. Write 2 as the first digit of the quotient and 4 be-
low first digit of dividend from left.
d
4. Bring down 9. Divide this 9 by divisor 2. 2 ´ 4 = 8. Write 4 as
the next digit of the quotient and 8 below 9.
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Why tens place is divided first ?
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Consider the division of 42 by 3
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42 ¸ 3
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= (40 + 2) ¸ 3
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= (30 + 12 ) ¸ 3
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= (30 ¸ 3 ) + (12 ¸ 3)
= 10 + 4
= 14
Example 3
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Srinivasa has a chocolate box having 32 pieces. He wanted to share

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it equally among his 8 friends. How many pieces does each friend get?
Number of pieces in the chocolate box = 32 (Dividend)

No
Number of friends = 8 (Divisor)

Now, divide 32 by 8 to find the number of chocolate pieces each
friend gets.
The quotient gives us the answer.
11
4 Quotient Steps involved in division
®
Divisor ® 8) 3 2 Dividend 1) 3 is less than 8. Therfore
®
3 2 take two digits from left side.

0 0 Remainder It is 32.
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2) 8 ´ 4 = 32. Write 4 as the

first digit of the quotient and
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32 below the dividend.
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3) Subtract : 32 – 32 = 0. Write
0 as remainder.
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\ each friend gets 4 pieces of chocolate.
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Observe the following table.
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Sl Dividend Divisor Quotient Remainder Divisor ´ Quotient +
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No Remainder
1 16 3 5 1 3 ´ 5 + 1 = 15 + 1 = 16
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2 26 4 6 2 4 ´ 6 + 2 = 24 + 2 = 26
3 40 5 8 0 5 ´ 8 + 0 = 40 + 0 = 40
4 75 7 10 5 7 ´ 10 + 5 =70 + 5 = 75
The value obtained in the last column is equal to dividend given in

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the second column.

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From the above table it follows that

No
(Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder = Dividend
\ Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder
This is standard division formula.

You can verify division of two numbers using this formula.
12
Example 4
2 5
5) 1 2 5
1 0 ¯
0 2 5
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2 5
0 0
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1. 1 less than 5. Therefore take two digits from left side i.e., 12.
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the dividend.
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3. Subtract : 12 - 10 = 2. Write remainder 2.
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4. Bring down 5. The number becomes 25. 5 ´ 5 = 25. Write 5 as
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the next digit of the quotient and 25 below 25.
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5. Subtract : 25 - 25 = 0. Write 0 as the last remainder.

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Verification
Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder
125 = (5 ´ 25) + 0
125 = 125 + 0
125 = 125
Example 5
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Divide 218 by 2
tt
1 0 9
2) 2 1
No
8
2 ¯
0 1
0 ¯
1 8
1 8
0 0
13
the dividend.
2. Subtract : 2 – 2 = 0. Write 0.
3. Bring down 1. The number becomes 1. 2 ´ 1 = 2. 2 is greater
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than 1. 2 ´ 0 = 0. 0 is less than 1. Write 0 as the next digit of the
quotient and 0 below 1.
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5. Bring down 8. The number becomes 18. 2 ´ 9 = 18. Write 9 in
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quotient place and 18 below 18.
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6. Subtract : 18 – 18 = 0. Write 0 as remainder.
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Verification
K

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218 = (2 ´ 109) + 0
218 = 218 + 0
218 = 218
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Example 6
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1 5
No
12) 1 8 5 Verification
1 2 ¯ Dividend =(Divisor ´Quotient) + Remainder
0 6 5 185 = (12 ´ 15) + 5
6 0 185 = 180 + 5
0 5 185 = 185
14
Example 7
Divide 648 by 15
4 3
15) 6 4 8 Verification
6 0 ¯ Dividend =(Divisor ´Quotient) + Remainder
0 4 8 648 = (15 ´ 43) + 3
d
4 5 648 = 645 + 3
he
0 3 648 = 648
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Example 8
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Total expenditure of one day excursion for 17 students is ` 7,225.
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Find how much amount each student has to pay ?
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Number of students who went for one day 4 2 5
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excursion = 17 17) 7 2 2 5
6 8 ¯
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Total expenditure for one day excursion = ` 7,225 0 4 2

\ Amount to be paid by each student = 7225 ¸ 17 3 4 ¯
0 8 5
= ` 425. 8 5
\ Amount to be paid by each student is ` 425. 0 0
o
Verification
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Dividend = (Divisior ´ Quotient) + Remainder

No
7,225 = (17 ´ 425) + 0

7,225 = 7,225 + 0
7,225 = 7,225
15
Example 9
Anita has brought 1,123 pieces of sweets to distribute among 25
friends. How many pieces of sweets does each friend get ? How
many pieces of sweets are left with Anita after distribution ?
Number of pieces of sweets brought by Anita = 1,123
4 4
25) 1
d
Number of friends = 25 1 2 3
1 0 0 ¯
he
Number of pieces of sweets each one gets = 1123 ¸ 25
0 1 2 3
= 44 1 0 0
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\ Each one gets 44 pieces of sweets.
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bl
\ 23 pieces of sweets are left with Anita.
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1. 11 is less than 25. Therefore take three digits from left side i.e.,112.
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2. 25 ´ 4 = 100. Write 4 as the first digit of the quotient place and

100 below the dividend.
3. Subtract : Write the remainder 12. 112 - 100 = 12.
4. Bring down 3. The number now becomes 123. 25 ´ 4 = 100.
Write 4 as the next digit in the quotient and 100 below 123.
o
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Verification
No

1,123 = (25 ´ 44) + 23
1,123 = 1,100 + 23
1,123 = 1,123
16
Example 10
Divide 56,083 by 11.
5 0 9 8
11) 5 6 0 8 3
5 5 ¯
0 1 0 Verification
d
0 0 ¯ Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) +Remain-
he
der
1 0 8 56,083 = (11 ´ 5,098) + 5
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9 9
B ¯ 56,083 = 56,078 + 5
bl
0 9 3 56,083 = 56,083
8 8
be T
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5
K
Example 11
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Divide 10,005 by 2
5 0 0 2
2) 1 0 0 0 5
1 0 ¯
0 0 0
o
0 ¯ Verification
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0 0 Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder

No
0 ¯ 10,005 = (2 ´ 5,002) + 1
0 5 10,005 = 10,004 + 1
4 10,005 = 10,005
1
17
Exercise 2.1
I. Find the quotient and the remainder.
1) 48 ¸ 6
2) 36 ¸ 3
3) 55 ¸ 4
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4) 72 ¸ 7
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II. Find the quotient and the remainder.
1) 232 ¸ 4
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2) 474 ¸ 6
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3) 255 ¸ 11
4) 527 ¸ 12
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III. Find the quotient and the remainder.
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1) 1,653 ¸ 8
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2) 1,325 ¸ 2
3) 1,435 ¸ 15
4) 2,647 ¸ 13
IV. Find the quotient and the remainder.
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1) 24,658 ¸ 2
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2) 14,005 ¸ 7
3) 32,745 ¸ 10
No
4) 12,056 ¸ 12
V. Solve the following problems.

1) A tailor has 18 metres of cloth. He can stitch 9 shirts from
this cloth. Find the length of cloth required to stitch one shirt.
18
2) A bike can cover 240 km with 5 litres of petrol. Find how
many kilometres does it cover with 1 litre of petrol.
3) Mr. Sridhar purchased 11 toys of same price for ` 946
from a toy shop. Find the cost of each toy.
4) The annual income of a person is ` 90,912. Find his monthly
income.
d
5) A car manufacturing company manufactures 14,820 cars in
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13 months. Find the number of cars manufactured in one
month.
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Problems involving both multiplication and division operations.
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Example 1
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A charitable trust collected ` 125 each from 175 donors. If the
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trust decides to distribute this amount to 7 schools equally, how
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much amount does each school get ?

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Number of donors = 175.

Amount collected from each donor = ` 125.
\ Total amount collected = 175 ´ 125
= ` 21,875
o
Number of schools to which the amount is distributed = 7

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Amount that each school gets = 21,875 ¸ 7

\ Each school gets = ` 3,125
No
\ If ` 21,875 is distributed to 7 schools, each school gets = ` 3,125
19
Example 2
The Forest department plants trees in 96 rows and 80 columns in
government land near a village. If 12 villagers are willing to take care
of these trees, find the number of trees that each of them has to take care.
The number of trees planted in government land = 96 ´ 80
d
= 7,680 trees
he
The number of trees that each villager has to take
care = 7,680 ¸ 12
is
re S = 640 trees.
\ The number of trees that each villager has to take care = 640 trees
B
bl Exercise 2.2
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I. Solve :
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1) An orange garden has 82 orange plants. A farmer plucks 60

oranges from each plant and packs 12 oranges in each box.
Calculate the number of boxes required to pack all oranges.
2) 15 school children hire a cab for a day's excursion at ` 9 per

km. If they travel a distance of 325 km, find the amount to
be shared by each one of them.
o
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3) Anita has a cow which yields 8 litres of milk in a day. The

selling price of one litre of milk is ` 18. She wants to divide
No
the amount earned in one month (30 days) among her 4 sons.
What amount does each one get ?
20
Chapter - 3
MENTAL ARITHMETIC

l explain the process of estimation,
l explain the process of approximation,
d
l estimate the sum of two 5 digit numbers to nearest ten thou-
sands place,
he
l estimate the difference of two 5 digit numbers to nearest ten
thousands place,
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l estimate the product of two numbers to the nearest ten thou-
B
bl
sands place,
l estimate the quotient of two numbers.
be T
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ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION

Two newspaper clippings are given below. Read them.
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1. 4,700 students visited the 2. 3,500 people were killed,

science exhibition held in a more than 20,000 people were
higher primary school. missing and more than 80,000
people have become homeless
as floods hit Karnataka.
o
Can we say that there were exactly as many people as the numbers
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quoted in these news items ? In example 1, did exactly 4,700 children

visit the exhibition ?
No
In example 2, were exactly 80,000 people homeless ?

It may not be exactly that number. The exact number of children
may be 4,687 or 4,742. The number of people who became homeless
may be 76,839 or 84,372.
21
In these examples, 4,700 , 20,000 and 80,000 are almost the
same as the exact numbers, but not exact numbers. These are
approximated numbers. The approximate number is roughly
calculated. This approximate calculaton is known as estimation.
Activity
Think about the situations where we need to have the exact
d
numbers and situations where only an approximately estimated
he
number is sufficient. List them.
While performing fundamental operations on numbers, we
is
estimate the sums, differences, products and quotients. For example
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the sum of 458 and 540 is approximately estimated as 1,000.
B
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Now let us learn how to do estimation and verify the answer.
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pu
Estimating the given number to the nearest tens place.
K
Mukund and Gowri found the sum of 43 and 48 as follows.

©
Mukund calculated the digits of unit place as 3 + 8 nearly equal

to 1 tens.
Then he added digits in ten place as,
1 ten + 4 ten + 4 ten = 9 ten i.e., 90.
Gowri answered as 4 ten + 5 ten
o
= 40 + 50
tt
= 90
No
Both the answers are right. Gowri calculated the answer in one
step. Let us know how Gowri calculated.
Between which multiples of 10 does 43 and 48 lie ?
43 lies between 40 and 50. 48 also lies between 40 and 50.
22
Observe the following number line.
Compare the position of 43 with 40 and 50

43 is nearer to 40 by 3 units and to 50 by 7 units. Therefore 43 is
d
considered to be approximately same as 40. So 43 when rounded
he
off to nearest tens place gives 40.
Compare the position of 48 with 40 and 50 ?
is
48 is nearer to 50 by 2 units and to 40 by 8 units. Therefore 48 is
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considered to be approximately equal to 50. So 48 when rounded
B
bl
off to nearest tens place gives 50.
be T
So, Gowri added 40 and 50 to get the approximated sum.
pu
K
Mukund approximated 11 ones to one ten and then added the

tens. He too got the sum as 90.
©
How to round off a number to nearest tens place ?

If the digit at ones place is 1, 2, 3 or 4, replace unit digit by 0. If the
digit at ones place is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, replace unit digit by 0 and add 1
to the tens place.
Example 1
o
Round off 583 to the nearest tens place.

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Replace by zero
Rounded off to nearest tens
No
583 580

Leave tens place unchanged
\ 583 rounded off to nearest tens place it is 580.
23
Example 2
Round off 2,837 to the nearest tens place.
Replace by zero
Rounded off to nearest tens
2,837 2,840

d
Add 1 to tens place
he
\ when 2,837 is rounded off to nearest tens place it is 2,840.
is
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Estimating the given number to the nearest hundreds place.
B
bl
Pradeep wants to round off 368 to nearest hundreds place.
Between which multiples of 100 does 368 lie ?
be T
pu
368 lies between 300 and 400.
K

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Compare the position of 368 with 300 and 400 ?

o
368 is nearer to 400 by 32 units and to 300 by 68 units. Therefore

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368 is considered to be approximately same as 400. So, when

368 is rounded off to nearest hundreds place, gives 400.
No
How to round off a number to nearest 100 ?

If the digit at tens place is 1, 2, 3 or 4, replace tens and units
place digit by 0. If the digit at tens place is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9,
replace tens, unit digit by 0 and add 1 to the hundreds place.
24
Example 3
Round off 3,548 to the nearest hundreds place.
Replace by zero
Rounded off to nearest hundreds
3,548 3,500

d
Leave hundreds place unchanged
he
\ when 3,548 is rounded off to nearest hundreds place,
it is 3,500.
is
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Example 4
B
bl
Round off 5,764 to the nearest hundreds place.
be T
Replace by zero
pu
Rounded off to nearest hundreds
K
5,764 5,800
©

Add 1 to hundreds place
\ when 5,764 is rounded off to nearest hundreds place,
it is 5,800.
Estimating the given number to the nearest thousands place.
o
Nafeesa wants to round off 1,897 to nearest thousands place.

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Between which multiples of 1,000 does 1,897 lie ?

1,897 lie between 1,000 and 2,000.
No
25
Compare the position of 1,897 with 1,000 and 2,000 ?
1,897 is nearer to 2,000 by 103 units and to 1,000 by 897 units.
Therefore 1,897 is considered to be approximately same as 2,000.
Therefore when 1,897 is rounded off to nearest thousands place, it
is 2,000.
How to round off a number to nearest thousands place?
d
If the digit at hundreds place is 1, 2, 3 or 4, replace hundreds,tens
and units place digit by 0. If the digit at hundreds place is 5, 6,
he
7, 8 or 9, replace hundreds,tens, units place digit by 0 and add 1
to the thousands place.
is
re S
Example 5
B
bl
Round off 25,346 to the nearest thousands place.
Replace by zero
be T
pu
Rounded off to nearest thousands
K
25,346 25,000

©
Leave thousands place unchanged

\ when 25,346 is rounded off to nearest thousands place, it is
25,000.
Example 6
o
Round off 35,756 to the nearest thousands place.

tt
Replace by zero
Rounded off to nearest thousands
No
35,756 36,000

Add 1 to thousands place

\ when 35,756 is rounded off to nearest thousands place,
it is 36,000.
26
Estimating the given number to the nearest ten thousands place.
Reena wants to round off 16,382 to nearest ten thousands place.
Between which multiples of 10,000 does 16,382 lie ?
16,382 lies between 10,000 and 20,000.
d
he
Compare the position of 16,382 with 10,000 and 20,000 ?
is
16,382 is nearer to 20,000 by 3,618 units and to 10,000 by 6,382
re S
units. Therefore 16,382 is considered to be approximately same
B
bl
as 20,000. So, when 16,382 is rounded off to nearest ten thousands
place, it is 20,000.
be T
pu
How to round off a number to nearest ten thousands place ?
K
If the digit at thousands place is 1, 2, 3 or 4, replace digits of

©
thousands, hundreds, tens and units place by 0.

If the digit at thousands place is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, replace digits of
thousands, hundreds,tens, units place by 0 and add 1 to the digit
of ten thousands place.
Example 7
o
Round off 12,654 to the nearest ten thousands place.

tt
Replace by zero
Rounded off to nearest ten thousands
No
12,654 10,000

Leave ten thousands place unchanged.

\ when 12,654 rounded off to nearest thousands place,
it is 10,000.
27
Example 8
Round off 25,748 to the nearest ten thousands place.
Replace by zero
Rounded off to nearest ten thousands
25,748 30,000

d
Add 1 to ten thousands place
he
\ when 25,748 rounded off to nearest thousands place, it is 30,000.
is
Remember :
re S
While rounding off a number to the required place, observe the
B
bl
digit to the right of it and then,
be T
if it is less than 5, retain the same digit in the required place to
l
pu
be rounded off and write 0 in the following places.
K
if it is equal to 5 or more than 5, increase the digit in the

©
required place to the next higher digit and write 0 in the following
places.
Estimating the sum and the difference.

Example 1
Estimate the sum of 2,462 and 3,487 to nearest tens place.
o
2,462 is rounded off to nearest tens place as 2,460

tt
3,487 is rounded off to nearest tens place as + 3,490

No
Estimated sum is 5,950
Verification by actual addition 2,462

+ 3,487
5,949
\ estimated sum is nearly equal to actual sum.
28
Example 2
Estimate the sum of 8,743 and 7,275 to nearest hundreds place.
8,743 is rounded off to nearest hundreds as 8,700
7,275 is rounded off to nearest hundreds as + 7,300
d
he
+ 7,275
16,018
is
re S B
bl
Example 3
be T
Estimate the sum of 24,316 and 34,861 to nearest thousands place.
pu
K
24,316 is rounded off to nearest thousands as 24,000

34,861 is rounded off to nearest thousands as + 35,000
©

+ 34,861
59,177
o

tt
Example 4
Estimate the sum of 38,527 and 32,596 to nearest ten thousands.
No
38,527 is rounded off to nearest ten thousands as 40,000

32,596 is rounded off to nearest ten thousands as + 30,000
29
+ 32,596
71,123
Estimating products
d
Example 1
he
Estimate the product of 1,249 and 48 to its highest place.
is
re S
1,249 is rounded off to nearest thousands as
B
48 is rounded off to nearest tens as ´
1,000
50
bl
Estimated product is 50,000
be T
pu
Verification by actual multiplication 1,249
K
´ 48
©
59,952
\ estimated product is lesser than the actual product.
Example 2
Estimate the product of 19,426 and 4 to its highest place.
o
´ 4
tt
Estimated product is 80,000

No
Verification by actual multiplication 19,426

´ 4
77,704
\ estimated product is greater than the actual product.
30
Example 3
The owner of a theatre decided to sell tickets for a theatre
performance. The theatre has 198 rows of 88 seats in each row.
Estimate the tickets that can be sold for each show ?
198 is rounded off to nearest hundreds as 200
88 is rounded off to nearest tens as ´ 90
d
Estimated tickets needed for each show is 18,000
he
Verification by actual multiplication 198
´ 88
is
re S
17,424
B
bl
\ estimated product is greater than the actual product.
be T
Estimating quotients
pu
K
Example 1
Estimate the quotient of 44,238 ¸ 95
©

95 is rounded off to nearest tens as 100
Estimated quotient = 40,000 ¸ 100 = 400
o
Example 2
tt
8 Chocolate packets contain 768 chocolates. Estimate the number

of chocolates in each packet.
No
768 chocolates are rounded off to nearest hundreds as = 800

Number of chocolate packets = 8
Estimated number of chocolates in each packet = 800 ¸ 8
= 100
31
\ estimated chocolates in each packet = 100.
Verification by actual division
9 6
8) 7 6 8
7 2
0 4 8
d
4 8
he
0 0
\ actual number of chocolates in each packet = 96.
is
re S
estimated quotions is near to actual quotient.
B
bl
Note : While estimating the quotients, round off the divisor
and dividend to the given place and then do the division.
be T
pu
K
Exercise 3.1
I. Round off each of the following numbers to nearest thou-
©
sands place.
1) 7,547 2) 3,469
3) 15,238 4) 32,658
II. Round off each of the following numbers to nearest
o
ten thousands place.

tt
1) 26,674 2) 32,464
3) 46,379 4) 53,668
No
III. Estimate sum of the following by rounding off to nearest

thousands place.
1) 42,125 + 35,637 2) 54,837 + 41,354
3) 33,231 + 20,097 4) 47,463 + 41,541
32
IV. Estimate the sum of the following by rounding off to
nearest ten thousands place.
1) 56,256 + 24,872
2) 47,671 + 28,745
3) 32,184 + 45,138
4) 15,025 + 40,165
d
he
V. Estimate the difference of the following by rounding off
to nearest thousands place.
is
1) 65,487 - 46,502
re S
2) 45,630 - 32,148
B
bl
3) 57,146 - 25,472
be T
pu
4) 60,046 - 15,247
K
VI. Estimate the difference of the following by rounding off

©
to nearest ten thousands place.

1) 51,689 - 34,685
2) 86,853 - 47,829
3) 80,808 - 55,055
4) 77,777 - 44,444
o
tt
VII. Estimate the product of each of the following by round-

ing off to its highest place.
No
1) 428 ´ 54
2) 878 ´ 46
3) 5,476 ´ 11
4) 2,645 ´ 18
33
VIII. Estimate the quotient of each of the following by round-
ing off to its highest place.
1) 398 ¸ 82
2) 786 ¸ 22
3) 3,265 ¸ 58
d
4) 7,687 ¸ 43
he
IX. Solve the following problems.
1) A garment company stitched 16,783 shirts and 12,438
is
re S
pants in a month. Estimate the total number of dresses
stitched to the nearest ten thousands place.
B
bl
2) A news paper agent sells 36,721 papers in first month
be T
and 24,172 papers in second month. Estimate the decrease
pu
in sale of the newspaper in second month to the nearest ten
K
thousands place.
©
3) A train can cover 225 km in one hour. Estimate the distance

covered in a day to the hightest place.
4) A carpenter earned ` 18,634 during the month of
November and ` 32,645 in December. Estimate how much
more he earned in December to the nearest ten thousands
place.
o
tt
No
34
Chapter - 4
DECIMAL FRACTIONS
l express the length of an object in decimal fraction form,
l use decimal fraction to express the length in centimetre
d
l use decimal fraction to express the length in metre,
he
l use decimal fraction to express the cost in rupees,
l express a given fraction in decimal notation,
is
l
re S
express a decimal notation in fraction form.
B
bl
In the previous standard you have studied about decimal fractions
like 0.1, 0.2……….etc. Now let us study how to use these decimal
be T
pu
fractions to express the length and cost of objects.
K
Example 1
©
Observe the figure given below.

The length of the pencil is measured using a scale.
o
tt
No
What is the length of the pencil ?

It is more than 3 centimetre but less than 4 centimetre.
Read the measurement……………………..
35
Let us learn how to read such measurements, which are not
whole numbers.
Observe your scale.
l In that 1 centimetre has 10 equal parts
So each part is one tenth of a centimetre.
We also write one-tenth of a centimetre as 0.1 centimetre.
d
l
We read it as “point one centimetre’’
he
l
or “zero point one centimetre”.

Now tell the correct length of the pencil.
is
re S
It is 3 centimetre and eight-tenths of a centimetre.
B
bl
It is 3.8 centimetre or 3.8 cm.
be T
pu
Centimetres = cm
K
We read it as ‘Three point eight centimetre’.

©
Example 2
Measure the length of the eraser.
o
tt
No
What is the length of the eraser ?

It is 2 centimetre and three-tenths of a centimetre.
We can also write it as 2.3 cm
2.3 is a decimal fraction or a decimal number.
36
Example 3
d
is he
Krishna has planted saplings in two of his fields as shown above.
re S
We can say he has planted one whole field and three-tenths of another.
B
bl
Using fractions we write this as 1
be T
pu
Using decimals we write this as 1.3
K
Let us observe how tenths are written as a decimal.

©
One-tenth = = 0.1 read as zero point one.
Two- tenth = = 0.2 read as zero point two.
Two and six-tenths = 2 = 2.6 Two point six.

o
From the above examples we conclude that,

tt
l The digits to the left of the point are the integral part or whole
part.
No
l The digits to the right of the point are the decimal part or fraction
part.
l The decimal part is less than one whole.
In 8.6 ; 8 is the integral part, 6 is the decimal part.
In 13.7; 13 is the integral part, 7 is the decimal part.
37
Example 4
+ +
d
he
The shaded part is represented as 2.4
Integral part ® 2 4 ® Decimal part
is

re S B ¯
Decimal Point
bl
Each part in the above figure is one-tenth, or 0.1
be T
pu
Now let us see what happens if one-tenth is further divided into ten
K
equal parts.
©
There are 100 equal parts. One

part out of these 100 equal parts is
shaded.
o
tt
No
Here, each part is called one-hundredth or or 0.01

The decimal form of one-hundredth is 0.01
38
Example 5
Observe the one metre measuring tape which is given below.
Into how many equal parts is it divided ?
100 equal parts.
d
is he
re S B
bl
So each part is one-hundredth of a metre.
m, We write it as 0.01 m.
be T
pu
Will you now tell the length of the pen in metres ?
K
It is 0.08 m i.e, eight hundredth of a metre.

©
Observe the following examples and read.

Fraction Decimal Read as
fraction
0.05 Zero point zero five.
o
0.13 Zero point one three.

tt
35 35.46 Thirty five point four six.

No
In the decimal number system, the place value of a digit increases

10 times, as it moves from right to the left by one place. Its place
value increases 100 times as it moves from the right to the left by
two places and so on.
39
Observe in the table how the value of 4 changes.
Ten Th Th H T U Place value of
the digit.
8 3 6 5 4 The place value of 4 is 4
ones = 4.
d
tens = 4´10=40.
he
3 6 4 8 5 The place value of 4 is
4hundreds = 4´100=400.
is
re S
thousands = 4´1,000 =
B
bl
4,000.
be T
pu
ten thousands = 4´10,000
K
= 40,000.
Let us observe the following place value chart and see what happens
©
when a digit moves from left to the right.

Ten Th Th H T U Place value of
the digit.
4´10,000 = 40,000.
o

tt
4,00 = 40,000 10.

No
400= 4,000 10.

40 = 400 10.
= 40 10.
40
Thus, we see that the place value of a digit decreases by 10 times as
the digit moves from the left to the right by one place.
What happens to the place value of the digit 4 when it moves further
from left to the right of units place ?
It becomes 4 ¸ 10 = read as four-tenths.

Thus the place value of the digit 4 becomes one-tenth.
d
\ When the digit moves to its right by one place, the value of the
he
digit becomes one-tenth of its previous value.
In the same way the place value of a digit becomes one-hundredth
is
when the digit moves two places to its right.
re S
So the place value of a digit becomes one-tenth,
B
bl
be T
one hundredth, ………………………….....
pu
K
These can be written as , ………………..

©
or 0.1, 0.01, ………………………….
Observe the following place value table.
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths

1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01
o

®
tt
Integral Part Decimal ® Decimal fractions

®
point
No
A point placed between units place and one-tenths place is called the
decimal point. It separates the integral part from the fractional part
of a decimal number.
41
l A number written with a decimal point is known as decimal
fraction or decimal number.
l Decimal number is the other way of writing fraction.
l A decimal fraction is a fraction whose denominator is 10,
100, 1000, ..........................
Use of decimals in measures of length
d
1. We know 10mm = 1cm.
he
So, 1 mm = one-tenth ( ) of a cm. Millimetre = mm
is
re S
1 mm =
B
cm = 0.1 cm Centimetre = cm
bl
7 mm = cm = 0.7 cm Metre = m
be T
pu
K
17 mm = 1 cm = 1.7 cm
©
2. We know 100 cm = 1m
So, 1 cm is one-hundredth of a metre.
1 cm = m = 0.01m.
o
Similarly, 5 cm = m = 0.05m
tt
89cm = m = 0.89 m
No
Thus we write, 7 m 3 cm as 7 m m=7 m = 7.03 m
and 18 m 27 cm as 18.27 m
42
Use of Decimals in Money
We know that 100 paise = 1 rupee. Symbol of Rupee Þ `
So one paisa is one-hundredth of a rupee.
1 paise = ` = ` 0.01
Similarly, 25 paise = ` = ` 0.25.
d
Thus we write,
he
2 rupees 15 paise as ` 2.15.
is
re S
B
bl
640 paise as ` 6.40.
be T
pu
K
Exercise 4.1
©
I. Read the following decimals and write them in words.

1) 0.5 2) 0.13 3) 1.7 4) 5.21
II. Write the numeral representing each of the following.
1) Zero point one-two. 4) Four point zero two.
o
2) Six point eight. 5) Six point eight four.

tt
3) Ten point five. 6) One hundred eight point zero six.

III. Fill in the blanks.
No
1) 8 mm = ............................ cm
2) 75 mm = ............................ cm
3) 8cm 5mm = ............................ cm
4) 525 mm = ............................ cm
43
IV. Fill in the blanks.
1) 8 cm = ............................ m
2) 72 cm = ............................ m
3) 375 cm = ............................ m
d
4) 4m 80 cm = ............................ m
he
5) 15 m 6 cm = ............................ m
V. Write in decimal fractions.
is
re S
1) 75 paise = ` ............................
B
bl
be T
2) 10 rupees and 25 paise = ` ............................
pu
K
3) 870 paise = ` ............................

©
4) 782 rupees and ten paise = ` ............................
5) 2050 paise = ` ............................
Conversion of fractions to decimal notation

You are familiar with fractional numbers and decimal numbers.
o
Raju has scored 41 marks out of 50 marks.

tt
This can be written in fractional form as

No
Suppose this fractional number has to be expressed in decimal form,

how to convert it ?
Now let us learn how to convert the fractional number into decimal
number.
44
Example 1
Observe this figure
Write the fraction for the shaded
collection of balls.
It is
Write the shaded collection in decimal
d
fraction
he
It is three-tenths or 0.3.
So we understand that = 0.3.
is
re S
Example 2
B
bl
be T
pu Write the fraction for the shaded
K
portion.
It is .
©
Write the shaded portion in decimal fraction.

It is seven-tenths or 0.7.
So = 0.7.
Observe the following table.
o
Fraction Denominator No. of zeroes Decimal form

tt
in the denominator
No
a) 10 1 0.4
b) 10 1 1.7
c) 10 1 52.3
45
We can conclude if the denominator of a fraction is 10, put
a decimal point in the number of the numerator after one
digit from the right.
Observe the fractions given below.
, ,
d
Here the denominator is not 10 but it can be easily converted to
he
10.
Convert to the fraction having 10 as denominator.
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
Similarly
K
©

Example 3
Write the fraction for the shaded
o
portion.
tt
It is .
Write the shaded portion in decimal
No
fraction.
It is thirteen-hundredths or 0.13
So = 0.13
46
Now, observe the following table :
Fraction Denominator No. of zeroes Decimal form
in the denominator
a) 100 2 0.24
b) 100 2 0.08
d
he
c) 100 2 1.53
is
We can conclude that, if the denominator of the fraction is 100, put
re S
a decimal point in the number in the numerator after two digits from
B
bl
the right.
be T
Observe these fractions.
pu
K
, , ,
©
Here the denominators are not equal to 100.

But, the denominators can easily be converted to 100 by multiplying
the numerator and denominator by a common number.
o
tt
No
47
Converting Decimal fractions to fractions
Example 1
Observe the figure.
Write the decimal fraction for the
shaded portion.
It is 0.7 (seven-tenths)
d
Write it in fraction.
he
It is
\ 0.7 =
is
re S
Example 2
B
bl
Write the decimal fraction for forty three-hundredths. It is 0.43
be T
pu
In fraction form it is
K
\ 0.43 =
©
Study the examples given in the following table.

Decimal The number The number Denominator Fraction
Fraction without decimal of decimal
Point places
0.4 04 = 4 1 10
o
0.9 09 = 9 1 10
tt
1.8 18 = 18 1 10
No
0.04 004 = 4 2 100

0.78 078 = 78 2 100
1.67 167 = 167 2 100
48
From the table, we can conclude the steps to be followed for
converting a given decimal number into fractional form are :
1. Write the digits of the given decimal without the decimal point
that forms the numerator.
2. Count the decimal places in the given decimal number.
d
3. Write 1 followed by as many zeroes as the number of decimal
places that forms the denominator.
he
Example 3
is
re S
To write the decimal fraction 1.42 in the form of fraction.
B
bl
1) Write the number without decimal point that forms the
be T
numerator ® 142
pu
K
2) Count the decimal places in the decimal fraction i.e, 2

©
3) Write 1 followed by two zeroes in denominator ® 100

So 1.42 =
Exercise 4.2
I. Write the following fractions as decimal fractions.
o
1) 2) 3)
tt
4) 5) 6)
No
7) 8) 9)
49
10) 11) 12)
13) 14) 15)
16) 17) 18)
d
he
19) 20)
is
II. Write the following decimal fractions as fractions
re S B
bl
1) 0.7 2) 0.02 3) 3.8
be T
4) 14.5 5) 0.56 6) 8.03
pu
K
7) 14.57 8) 85.4 9) 147.5

©
10) 8.5 11) 85.61 12) 6.84

o
tt
No
50
Chapter - 5
MONEY
l write rupees and paise in decimal form,
solve problems on money involving all the mathematical
d
l
fundamental operations,
he
l understand the importance of earning, saving and spending
money and its wise usage,
is
l
re S
check the list of the items purchased while shopping,
B
bl
l know the prices prevalent in the market and thus do the
be T
shopping accordingly,
pu
K
l know the need for a bill,

prepare a bill.
©
l Reading the bill and understand the information given in the

bill.
Problems on Money
In your previous class you have learnt how to add and subtract
o
amount in rupees and paise. You have also learnt to use operations
tt
to find totals, multiple costs, unit cost and also to describe rate charts and
bills.
No
Let us study a few examples.

Example 1
Ragini buys a book for ` 12.50, a pen for ` 28.75 and a pencil
for ` 3.25, what is the total cost of all the articles ?
51
d
is he
re S B
bl
Cost of the articles are as follows:
be T
Book
pu ………………………………. ` 12.50
K
Pen …………………………………. ` 28.75

©
Pencil ………………………………. + ` 3.25

\ Total cost of all the articles ` 44.50
Note : We see rupees and paise arranged in an order with dots

coming one below the other.
Example 2
o
Mohan went to buy a ball which costs ` 38.75. But he had only
tt
` 25 with him. How much more money does he need to buy the
ball ?
No
Cost of the ball = ` 38.75

Amount Mohan had = - ` 25.00
\ Amount he still needed = ` 13.75
\ Mohan still needs an amount of ` 13.75 to buy the ball.
52
Note : Here also, we find rupees arranged in an order with dots
coming one below the other.
Now let us study the examples on use of fundamental operations

in money system.
Example 3
d
he
What is the cost of 6 books , if the cost of one book is
` 24.75?
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
What do you think will be the cost of six books ?
Will the cost be more or less as compared to that of one book ?
What operation should we use to find the total cost ?

o
tt
The cost of 6 books will be more. You have to multiply the cost
of 1 book by the number of books to get the total cost of 6 books.
No
Cost of 1 book = ` 24.75

\ Cost of 6 books = ` 24.75 ´ 6
= ` 148.50
53
Example 4
Cost of 8 dolls is ` 128. What is the cost of each doll ?
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
Will the cost of one doll be more or less as compared to that
K
of eight dolls ? What operation should we use to find it out ?

The cost of 1 doll will be less. Therefore, you have to divide
©
the total cost of the dolls by the number of dolls.

That is, ` 128 ¸ 8
8) 1 2 8 (16
o
- 8 ¯
tt
4 8
No
- 4 8
0 0
\ Cost of each doll = ` 16
54
Exercise 5.1
I. Find the following :
1) Sum of ` 13.25, ` 6.30, ` 10.40 =
2) Difference of ` 78.45 and ` 69.70 =
d
3) Product of ` 147.25 and ` 17 =
he
4) Quotient of ` 4960 ¸ ` 8 =
is
re S
II. Solve the following :
B
bl
1) Subtract ` 95.80 from the sum of ` 279.05 and ` 103.25
be T
pu
2) Express ` 32 in paise.
K
3) Express ` 19.75 in paise.

©
4) Express 4,705 paise in rupees.
Problems involving addition in Money system.

III. Solve :
o
1) I had ` 625 with me. My father gave ` 450.75 as pocket

tt
money. What is the total amount with me now ?

2) Mahesh buys a pen for ` 18.5, a book for ` 10.75 and a bag
No
for ` 125. What is the total cost of all the things bought ?
3) Girija buys 2 kg of beans for ` 36.50, 1 kg of tomatoes for
` 12.25 and 1 kg of potatoes for ` 14.75. Find the total
amount that Girija should pay to the shopkeeper.
55
Problems involving subtraction in Money system.
IV. Solve :
1) Subtract ` 348.25 from ` 500.
2) Varun bought sweets for ` 475.5. He paid ` 500 to the
shop keeper. What change should he get back from the
d
shopkeeper?
he
3) Razia had ` 345 with her. She bought a dress for ` 245.75.
What is the amount left with her ?
is
re S
4) Poornima had ` 3,425 with her. She gave ` 2,745.75 to her
B
bl
friend to buy a saree. What is the amount left with her ?
be T
pu
5) Joseph had ` 2,500 in his account in a bank. He withdrew
K
` 1,800.75 for his expenses. What is the amount left in his

account in the bank ?
©
Problems involving Multiplication in Money system

V. Solve :
1) The cost of an egg is ` 4. What is the cost of a dozen
eggs?
o
2) Swathi buys 8 metres of cloth at ` 75 per metre. What is the

tt
amount to be paid to the shopkeeper ?

3) The cost of an umbrella is ` 225 What is the cost of 15
No
umbrellas ?
4) A labourer earns ` 525 a day. How much will he earn in a
week?
5) The cost of a table is ` 4,320. What is the cost of 16tables?
56
Problems involving division in Money System
IV. Solve :
1) The Government higher primary school sanctioned a
scholarship amount of ` 4,000 for 10 students, How much
amount did each one get ?
d
2) Mohan paid ` 1,422 for 9 shirts. What is the cost of each
shirt ?
he
3) Distribute ` 4,425 among Amar, Akbar and Anthony equally.
is
What is the amount of share that each one gets ?
re S
4) If the cost of a dozen apples is ` 96, what is the cost of one
B
bl
apple?
be T
pu
5) Vinod, a carpenter earns ` 9,666 in 6 days. What is the
K
amount that he earns in a day ?

©
Rate charts and bills
In your previous class you have learnt how to describe rate

charts and bills.
Let us study a few examples.

o
tt
Example 1
Ayesha goes to Ambika textiles to purchase a few dresses.
No
She buys a pant and a shirt, skirt and a blouse and salwar suit.
The person at the packing centre packs the dresses and asks her to
collect the packet after paying cash.
At the cash counter, Ayesha is given a slip giving the details of
her purchase. The slip looked in this form.
57
Ambika Textiles
No. 909 Date : 14-4-2011
Customer's Name : Ayesha
Sl. Particulars Quantity Rate (`) Amount (`)
d
No.
he
1. Pant 1 375.00 375.00
is
2. Shirt
re S 1 143.00 143.00
3. Skirt
B
1 195.00 195.00
bl
be T
4. Blouse 1 100.00 100.00
pu
K
5. Salwar Suit 1 280.00 280.00

©
Total 1,093.00
In words : ` One thousand ninety three only.
Signature
o
tt
Example 2
John buys 4 books at ` 12 each, 6 pens at ` 15 each, 6 pencils
No
at ` 3 each and an geometrical instrument box at ` 45 from “Vision

Stationaries”.
The slip given to John to pay the amount is given below.
58
Observe the details of the purchase written by the shopkeeper.
Vision Stationaries
No. 840 Jayanagar Date : 22-6-2011
Customer's Name : John Bengaluru
Sl No Particulars Quantity Rate (`) Amount (`)
1. Books 4 12.00 48.00
d
2. Pens 6 15.00 90.00
he
3. Pencils 6 3.00 18.00
is
4. Instrument box
re S 1 45.00 45.00
Total = 201.00
B
bl
In words : ` Two hundred one only.
be T
pu
K
Signature
©
Compare the calculations in the two examples.

In the first example we find different items but quantity is one.
In the second example, the rate of each item is multiplied by the
quantity purchased as it is more than one quantity.
o
The slip given to the customers by the shopkeeper with all

tt
the details is called a “Bill”.

From the above two examples we notice the following points
No
present in a bill.
l Name of the shop and address.
l Date of purchase.
l Customer’s name.
59
l Items purchased
l Quantity of each item purchased
l Cost of each item
l Total amount to be paid by the customer
Signature of the shopkeeper.
d
l
he
Note : The bill serves as an evidence of purchase. The customer
can exchange the product or claim for refund by showing the
bill. Hence, the customer should demand for the bill and take it
is
re S
from the shopkeeper.
B
bl
Let us study few more bills. In each example answer the questions
be T
given below the bill.
pu
K
Example 3
©
1. Chandregowda purchased the following items from Venkat

Provision stores, on 24/11/2011.
Sugar 3 kg at ` 37 per kg
Rice 5 kg at ` 25 per kg
Wheat 4 kg at ` 18 per kg
o
tt
Toordal 2 kg at ` 72 per kg
Groundnut Oil 2 kg at ` 92 per kg
No
A bill is prepared for the above items.
60
No. 17 Venkat Provision Stores
Customer's Name : Chandre Gowda Date:24/11/11
(kg)
1. Sugar 3 37.00 111.00
2. Rice 5 25.00 125.00
d
3. Wheat 4 18.00 72.00
he
4. Toordal 2 72.00 144.00
5. Ground nut oil 2 92.00 184.00
is

re S B
Total = 636.00
bl
In words : ` Six hundred thirty six only.
be T
pu
Signature
K
Answer the following.

©
l Cost of 3 kg of sugar _________________ .

l Cost of 2 kg of groundnut oil ____________ .
l Cost of 4 kg of wheat ____________ .
l Cost of 5 kg of rice ____________ .
o
l Cost of 2 kg of Toordal ____________ .

tt
l What is the name of the provision stores?

No
l Who is the customer ?
l How many items have been purchased ?
l The total value of the bill `
61
Example 4
Gayathri purchases fruits from Ayub fruit stall on 25/11/2011.
Apples 2 kg at ` 35 per kg
Oranges 1 kg at ` 28 per kg
d
Mangoes 3 kg at ` 40 per kg
he
Bananas 1 kg at ` 17 per kg
is
re S
No. 24
B
Ayub Fruit Stall
bl
Name : Gayathri Date : 25/11/11
be T
pu
(kg)
K

1. Apples 2 35.00 87.50
©
2. Oranges 1 28.00 42.00

3. Mangoes 3 40.00 120.00
4. Bananas 1 17.00 21.25
Total 270.75
o
In words : ` Two hundred seventy seventy five paise only.

tt
Signature
No
Answer the following.

l Name of the fruit stall _____________________
l Name of the customer _____________________
l Date of purchase of fruits _____________________
62
l Number of items purchased _____________________
l Cost of 3 kg of mangoes _____________________
l Cost of 1 kg of bananas _____________________
l Cost of 2 kg of apples _____________________
Cost of 1 kg of oranges _____________________.
d
l
he
l Total cost of fruits purchased ___________________.
Example 5
is
re S
Let us check the bill and correct if required :
B
bl
Mahima Readymade Garments
M.G. Road, Mysuru
be T
pu
Bill No 246 Name: Mrs Usha Date:26/11/11
K
©
1. Baniyans 10 53.00 153.00
2. Napkins 08 12.50 100.00

o
3. Socks 12 pairs 25.00 300.00

tt
No
4. Sweater 02 285.00 285.00
Total Total
In words : ` Eight hundred thirty eight only.

Signature
63
Verification :
Cost of 1 baniyan = ` 53
\ Cost of 10 baniyans = 53 ´ 10 = ` 530.00
Cost of 1 napkin = ` 12.50
\ Cost of 8 napkins = 12.50 ´ 8 = ` 100.00
Cost of 1 pair of socks = ` 25
\ Cost of 12 pair of socks = 25 ´ 12 = ` 300.00
Cost of 1 sweater = ` 285
d
\ Cost of 2 sweaters = 285 ´ 2 = ` 570.00
he
Total = ` 1500.00
The following mistakes are to be corrected.
is
l
re S
Cost of baniyans should be
Cost of 2 sweaters should be
B ` 530
` 570
bl
l
l The total bill amount should be ` 1500

be T
Exercise 5.2
pu
K
I. Check and correct the bills given below :

Amar Cake Palace
©
1)
Bill No. 350 Name: Miss Sudha Date:26/11/11
1 Jam bottle 8 65.00 520.00
2. Cake 15 8.00 115.00
o
3. Chocolate 12 15.00 156.00

tt
4. Buns 10 5.00 52.00

No
Total 853.00
In words : ` Eight hundred fifty three only.
Signature
64
2) Rosy Fancy Stores :
217 / B - 2, Bengaluru
No. 178 Name: Smt. Gangamma Date:26/11/11
1. Bangles 12 4.00 48.00
d
2. Earrings 18 9.00 175.00
3. Hairpin 24 3.00 70.00
he
4. Rings 10 16.00 150.00
Total 350.00
is
re S
In words : ` Three hundred fifty only
B
bl
be T
Signature
pu
K
II. Prepare bills for the particulars given the below. Find the
total cost in each case and total cost of all items.
©
1) Satya went to Hopcoms shop and bought the following

vegetables.
Cauliflower 2 kg at ` 18.00 per kg
Potatoes - 3 kg at ` 17 per kg
Beans - 2 kg at ` 19 per kg
Tomatoes - 5 kg at ` 13 per kg
o
2) Ranbir Singh bought the following articles from Hanuman

tt
Hardware shop.
2 hammers at ` 85 each.
No
6 boxes of nails at ` 25 each.

8 boxes of screws at ` 30 each box.
2 spanners at ` 175 each.
65
Chapter - 6
WEIGHT AND VOLUME
Weight :
l know the units to weight heavy and light objects used in daily life,
d
l compare the units of heavy and light weight and state their
he
relationship,
analyse and solve problems involving weight using mathematical
is
l
re S
operations.
B
bl
Mamata, Roopa, Julie and Razia go to a wholesale dealer and
be T
buy 1 bag of rice. They paid equal amount of money.
pu
K
This is to be divided equally among 4 of them as they have

contributed equal amount of money.
©
To divide the bag of rice equally among themselves, first they

should know the weight of the rice bag.
The standard unit of measurement of weight is 'gram'.
To measure heavier objects the standard units are decagram,
o
hectogram, kilogram, quintal and ton.

tt
To measure objects of light weight the units used are decigram,

centigram and milligram.
No
Let us learn more about the standard units.

The words deca, hecto, kilo, deci, centi and milli are prefixed
before the word 'gram'.
Let us see what part of a gram they are and try to know the
meaning of these words.
66
Higher standard units Lower standard units
1 gram 1 gram
¯ ¯
deca = 10 times deci = part
d
hecto = 100 times centi = part
he
kilo = 1,000 times milli = part.
is
re S
Comparison of greater standard units of weight with one gram.
B
bl
10 times 1 gram = 10 gram = 1 decagram
be T
pu
100 times 1 gram = 100 gram = 1 hectogram
K
1,000 times 1 gram = 1,000 gram = 1 kilogram

©
Comparison of smaller standard units of weight with one gram
of 1 gram = gram = 1 decigram
of 1 gram = gram = 1 centigram

o
1 1
tt
1,000 of 1 gram = 1,000gram = 1 milligram

No
The common standard units of weight used in daily life.
1 ton = 1,000 kg 1 quintal = 100 kg

1 kg = 1,000 gram kg = 750 gram
kg = 500 gram kg = 250 gram
67
Conversion of units of weight
To convert greater units of weight to smaller units
Rule :
To convert kg into gram multiply by 1,000
To convert hectogram into gram multiply by 100
To convert decagram into gram multiply by 10
d
Note : To convert greater units of weight to smaller units,
he
we should multiply.
Now, let us learn how to convert the units of weight.
is
Example 1 : How many gram make 3 kg ?
re S
1 kg = 1,000 gram
B
bl
\ 3 kg = 1,000 ´ 3 = 3,000 gram
be T
Example 2 : How many gram make 4 hectogram ?
pu
1 hectogram = 100 gram
K
\ 4 hectogram = 100 ´ 4 = 400 gram

©
Example 3 : How many gram make 15 decagram ?

1 decagram = 10 gram
\ 15 decagram = 10 ´ 15 = 150 gram
Example 4 : How many kg make 5 quintals ?
1 quintal = 100 kg
o
\ 5 quintals = 100 ´ 5 = 500 kg

tt
To convert smaller units of weight into greater units

Rule :
No
l To convert gram into kg divide by 1,000.
l To convert milligram into gram divide by 1,000.
l To convert kg into quintal divide by 100.
Note : To convert smaller units of weight into greater units,

we should divide.
68
Let us study the given examples.
Example 5 : How many gram make 500 milligram ?
1,000 mg = 1 gram
\ 500 mg = 500 ¸ 1,000 = ½ gram
Example 6 : How many gram make 1,600 centigram ?
d
100 centigram = 1 gram
he
\ 1,600 centigram = 1,600 ¸ 100 = 16 gram
Example 7 : How many gram make 280 decigram ?
is

re S B
10 decigram = 1 gram
bl
\ 280 decigram = 280 ¸ 10 = 28 gram
be T
pu
Example 8 : How many kg make 750 gram ?
K
1,000 gram = 1 kg
©
\ 750 gram = 750 ¸ 1,000 = kg
Example 9 : How many quintal make 850 kg ?

100 kg = 1 quintal
\ 850 kg = 850 ¸ 100 = 8 Quintal.
o
Activity 1 :
tt
Find your body weight using a weighing machine in your school.

No
Activity 2 :
Go to a nearby shop and observe the weights used to measure
50 g, 100 g, 200 g, 500 g, 1 kg, 2 kg, 5 kg and 10 kg and get
familarised.
69
Activity 3 :
Visit a jewellery shop and observe the weights used to weigh
50 milligram, 100 milligram, 200 milligram, 500 milligram, 1 gram,
2 gram, 5 gram and 10 gram.
Problems involving measurement of Weight
d
Add the following.
he
Example 1
15 kg, 750 g, 13 kg and 227 g
is
re S B
Kg g
bl 15 000
be T
pu
K
00 750
©
13 000
00 227
28 977 28 kg 977 g
Example 2
o
A shopkeeper has 100 kg of rice flour in his shop. If he sells

tt
45 kg of it, find the quantity of rice flour left in his shop.

Quantity of rice flour the shopkeeper has = 100 kg
No
Quantity of rice flour he sold = 45 kg

Quantity of rice flour left = 55 kg
\ Total quantity of rice flour left in the shop = 55 kg
70
Example 3
There are 4 members in Ramaiah's family. The ration shop gives

12 kg of rice to each member. What is the total quantity of rice the
family gets ?
Quantity of rice given to each member = 12 kg
d
\ Total quantity of rice given to 4 members = 12 kg ´ 4
he
= 48 kg
Example 4
is
re S
Four farmers Chenna, Kaala, Thimma and Bomma together
purchased 50 kg of Sunflower seeds by contributing equal amount
B
bl
of money. They divide the seeds equally among themselves. What
be T
is the weight of seeds that each one gets ?
pu
K
Weight of 1 bag of sunflower seeds = 50 kg

©
Number of persons to whom it is divided equally = 4

\ Weight of seeds each person gets = 50 ¸ 4 = 12.5 kg
= 12 kg 500 g
Exercise 6.1
o
I. Answer orally
tt
1) Albert buys 16 kg of jaggery and 15 kg of rice from a shop.

No
He puts both the packets into one bag. What is the total
weight of the bag ?
2) 62 kg of rice was supplied to a school under 'Aksharadasoha
Scheme'. If 15 kg of rice was used, find the quantity of rice
remaining.
71
3) A bag can hold 20 kg of soji. If 140 kg of soji is to be filled
equally, how many such bags are required ?
4) A merchant has 5 packets of sugar, each packet weighing 15

kg of sugar. What is the total weight of 5 packets of sugar ?
II. Convert the following.
d
he
1) 7 kg = ..................... gram.
2) 16 gram = ..................... milligram.
is
re S B
bl
3) 6,000 gram = ..................... kg.
be T
pu
4) 750 milligram = ..................... gram.
K
5) 12 quintals = ..................... kg.

©
6) 1,500 kg = ..................... quintals.
III. Add the following.
1) 4 kg, 250 g, 12 kg and 355 g.

o
2) 23 kg, 432 g, 37 kg and 350 g.

tt
3) 12 kg, 450 g, 15 kg and 550 g.

No
4) 17 kg, 370 g, 18 kg and 630 g.
5) 6 kg 250 g, 8 kg 430 g, 7 kg 220 g and 430 g.
72
IV. Subtract the following.
1) 13 kg 250 g from 28 kg 550 g
2) 35 kg 550 g from 70 kg 675 g
3) 55 kg 335 g from 85 kg 730 g
d
4) 28 kg 650 g from 63 kg 350 g
he
5) 34 kg 585 g from 75 kg 475 g
V. Solve the following.
is
re S
1) Radha buys 2 kg 500 g of carrot, 2 kg 500 g of brinjal and
B
bl
3 kg 250 g of tomatoes from a vegetable shop. Find the
be T
pu
total weight of vegetables bought by her.
K
2) A merchant has 68 kg 250 g of wheat with him. He sells

©
15 kg 250 g of wheat to one customer and 13 kg 500 g to

another customer. What is the weight of wheat remaining
with him?
3) The yield of paddy per acre is 29 quintals and 50 kg.
Rachappa has 30 acres of field. What is the total yield of
o
paddy ?
tt
4) 18 kg 400 g of sugar is to be packed in 4 bags equally.

No
What is the weight of each bag ?

5) A farmer gets 60 kg 400 g of onion from one field and 56 kg
800 g from another field. If he sells 98 kg 200 g of onion,
find the weight of onions left with him.
73
VOLUME
After studying this unit you can,
l know the units of measning objects having greater and lesser
volume,
l compare the units of greater volume with units of lesser volume
and find their relationship,
d
l analyse and solve problems involving volume.
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
Fig. (1) Fig. (2)

Figure (1) and figure (2) are the two containers filled with milk.
©
Can you tell which container contains more quantity of milk ?

Can you tell the approximate quantity of milk contained in each
container ?
It is not possible. Isn't it ?
To know the quantity of milk contained in each vessel, we should
o
measure the volume of milk.

tt
The total quantity of liquid contained in a vessel is called

its 'Volume'.
No
The measurement of volume is expressed in cubic units.

The standard unit of volume is 'litre'.
Decalitre, hectolitre and kilolitre are the standard units to measure
liquids with greater volume.
74
Decilitre, centilitre and millilitre are the standard units to measure
liquids with lesser volume.
Let us try to know more about these standard units.
The words deca, hecto, kilo, deci, centi, and milli are prefixed
before the word 'litre'.
d
These units show the number of times it is contained in a litre.
Hence, let us first learn the meaning of these words.
he
Units of greater volume Units of lesser volume
is
re S 1 litre
B 1 litre
bl
¯ ¯
be T
deca = 10 times deci = part
pu
K
hecto = 100 times centi = part

1
©
kilo = 1,000 times milli = 1,000 part
Comparison of greater standard units of volume with one litre.
10 times 1 litre = 10 litre = 1 decalitre.

100 times 1 litre = 100 litre = 1 hecto litre.
o
1,000 times 1 litre = 1,000 litre = 1 kilolitre.

tt
Comparison of smaller standard units of volume with one litre.

No
of 1 litre = litre = 1 decilitre.
of 1 litre = litre = 1 centilitre.

1 1
1,000 of 1 litre = 1,000 litre = 1 millilitre.
75
The standard units of volume used in daily life are :
1 litre = 1000 ml.
litre = 500 ml.
litre = 250 ml.
1 kilolitre = 1,000 litre.
d
he
The word 'litre' is written as 'l ', millilitre as 'ml ' and
kilolitre as 'kl '.
is
re S
Conversion of units of volume.
B
bl
To convert greater units of volume into smaller units.
Rule :
be T
pu
To convert kilolitre into litre multiply by 1,000
K
To convert hectolitre into litre multiply by 100

©
To convert decilitre into litre multiply by 10
Note : To convert greater units of volume into smaller units,

we should multiply.
Example 1 : How many litres make 4 kilolitre ?
1 Kilolitre = 1,000 l
o
\ 4 Kilolitre = 1,000 ´ 4 = 4,000 l.

tt
Example 2 : How many litres make 5 hecto litre ?

No
1 hectolitre = 100 l
\ 5 hectolitre = 100 ´ 5 = 500 l.
Example 3 : How many litres make 17 decalitre ?

1 decalitre = 10 litres
\ 17 decalitre = 10 ´ 17 = 170 l.
76
To convert smaller units of volume into greater units.
Rule :
To convert litre into kilolitre divide by 1,000.
To convert litre into hectolitre divide by 100.
To convert litre into decalitre divide by 10.
To convert millilitre into litre divide by 1,000.
d
Note : To convert smaller units of volume into greater units,
he
we should divide.
Observe the following examples.
is
re S
Example 4 : How many kilolitre make 7,000 litres ?
B
bl
1,000 litre = 1 Kilolitre
be T

pu \ 7,000 litre = 7,000 ¸ 1,000 = 7 kl.
K
Example 5 : How many hectolitres make 1,200 litres ?

©
100 litre = 1 hectolitre

\ 1,200 litre = 1,200 ¸ 100 = 12 hectolitre.
Example 6 : How many decalitres make 900 litre ?
10 litre = 1 decalitre
\ 900 litre = 900 ¸ 10 = 90 decalitre.
o
tt
Example 7 : How many litres make 15,000 ml ?

1,000 ml = 1 litre
No
\ 15,000 ml = 15,000 ¸ 1,000 = 15 litre.

Activity 1
Visit a milk booth or an oil depot and observe the containers of
the measure 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml, 500 ml, 1 l, 2 l, 5 l and 10 l.
77
Activity 2
Take a vessel which can hold 5 litres of water. Pour water into
the vessel 2 times from a vessel having the capacity of 2 litre. Then
again pour 1 litre of water, see whether the vessel is fully filled ?
Activity 3
We should drink 2 to 3 litres of water on an average per day.
d
he
To know whether you are drinking sufficient quantity of water,
keep a bottle of known capacity.
is
For example :
re S
If you have a bottle of 500 ml, fill water in it completely each
B
bl
time and drink.
be T
pu
Count how many times you have emptied the bottle.
K
If you have consumed 6 bottles of water, then you have consumed

©
the required quantity of water.
To solve problems involving volume

Example 1
Add the following :
o
12 l 500 ml, 8 l 300 ml, 9 l 600 ml.

tt
l ml
12 500
No
8 300
9 600
30 l 400 ml
78
Example 2
Subtract 6 litre 750 ml from 18 litre 500 ml.
l ml
18 500
- 6 750
d
11 l 750 ml
he
Example 3
A person drinks 2l 300 ml of water per day. What is the quantity
is
re S
of water he drinks in 10 days ?
B
bl
1litre = 1000 mililitres
2 l 300 ml ´ 10 = 23 litre 2l ´ 10 = 20l
be T
pu
300ml ´ 10 = 3,000 ml = 3l
K
\ 20l + 3l = 23l
©
\ the person drinks 23 litre of water in 10 days.
Example 4
8 glasses of equal volume are used to fill a vessel with water. If
the vessel can hold 5 l 600 ml of water, find the capacity of each
o
glass.
tt
1 litre = 1,000 ml
5 l 600 ml = 5 ´ 1,000 + 600
No
= 5,600 ml
Capacity of 8 glasses = 5,600 ml
\ Capacity of 1 glass = 5,600 ¸ 8 = 700 ml
79
Exercise 6.2
I. Answer orally
1) A glass contains 300 ml of water and another glass contains
250 ml of water. If water from both the glasses are poured
into a jug, what is the quantity of water in the jug ?
2) A milkman has 5l 700 ml of milk. Out of this he sells 1l 350
d
ml of milk to one person and 2 l 250 ml to another person.
he
Find the quantity of milk left with the milkman.
3) A bottle contains 200 ml of milk. What is the total quantity
is
re S
of milk contained in 5 such bottles ?
B
bl
4) 100 ml of sugarcane juice is distributed among 4 friends
equally. What quantity of sugarcane juice does each one get?
be T
pu
K
II. Convert the following.

1) 5l = ............... ml
©
2) 6 kilolitre = ............... l
3) 500 ml = ............... l
4) 8,000 l = ............... kilolitre
o
III. Add
tt
1) 3l 250 ml, 750 ml and 6l 500 ml

No
2) 15l 450 ml, 5l 350 ml and 21l 750 ml
3) 12l 550 ml, 14l 450 ml and 12l 650 ml
4) 8 kl 250l, 3 kl 350l and 4 kl 550l
80
IV. Subtract
1) 15l 750 ml from 25l 350 ml
2) 24l 550 ml from 64l 450 ml
3) 45l 800 ml from 75l 750 ml
d
4) 34 kilolitre 750l from 55 kilolitre
he
V. Solve the following.
1) Veena buys 3l 250 ml of groundnut oil while returning from
is
re S
her office. Her mother also bought 1l 500 ml of groundnut
B
bl
oil on the same day. What is the total quantity of groundnut
oil bought by them ?
be T
pu
2) A milkman has 25 litres of milk. He sells 16l 750 ml of it.
K
Find the quantity of milk left with him.

©
3) A bottle contains 1l 500 ml of sandal oil. It has to be filled

into bottles of 250 ml each. How many bottles are required?
4) An oil can contains 15l of Sunpure oil. Out of this Rani uses
3l 600 ml in the first month and 5l 300 ml in the second
month. Find the quantity of oil left in the oil can.
o
tt
5) A vessel contains 1 litre 800 ml of tea. It is poured into

12 glasses of the same size equally. What is the quantity of
No
tea contained in each glass ?
81
Chapter - 7
TIME
l convert 24 hour clock time into 12 hour clock time,
d
solve the problems related to time with respect to daily problems
he
l
involving addition and subtraction,
is
l
re S
calculate the time required to complete a work or an event.
B
bl
be T
To convert 24 hour clock time into 12 hour clock time.
pu
K
Sarojini came to the railway station with her brother. In the railway
©
time table the departure time was mentioned as 22 : 05. She sat in
the train. When the train started moving, Sarojini observed the time
in her brother's watch. It was showing 10 : 05. How is it ? In the
railway time table the departure time was 22 : 05. In her brother's
watch it is 10 : 05. In the clock there are only 1 to 12 hour. So how
o
to calculate 22 : 05 hour ? Such questions raised in her mind.

tt
One day has 24 hour. So, the time table of the train and the
aeroplane has been framed from 00 to 24 hour. We can show this 00
No
to 24 hour in a clock.
82
Observe the 24 - hour clock.
Midnight
post meridian
(a.m)
anti meridian
d
(p.m)
is he
re S B Afternoon
bl
In this clock, 24 hours of the day is shown. Here 24 hours of
be T
the day has been equally divided. From 00 hour to 12 hour in the
pu
afternoon, it is the first part. From 12 hour in the afternoon to 00
K
(24) hour in the midnight, it is the second part. The time interval
between 00 hour in the midnight to 12 hour in the afternoon is called
©
'ante meridian'. This is represented as a.m.

The time interval from afternoon 12 hour to midnight 00 (24)
hour is called 'post meridian'. This is represented as p.m.
How to convert 24 hour clock time to 12 hour clock time ?
Example 1 : In the railway time table, the departure time of the train
o
is denoted as 22 : 05 hour. What will be the departure time of this train

tt
in 12 hour clock ?
Departure time of the train = 22:05 - 12:00
No
= 10:05 p.m. (night 10:05)

Note :
l When the time is above 12 hours,12 should be subtracted
from it and the remaining time is written as p.m.

l When the time is below 12 hours, it is written as a.m.
83
Example 2 : The arrival time of an aeroplane is 13:50 hour. Convert
this into 12 hour clock time.
Arrival time of an aeroplane = 13:50 - 12:00
= 1:50 p.m. (afternoon 1:50)
Example 3 :
d
Denote the following timings in a.m. and p.m.
he
(i) 20 : 20 (ii) 10 : 45
i) 20 : 20. This is more than 12 hour.
is
20 : 20 - 12 : 00 = 8 : 20 p.m.
re S B
bl
ii) 10 : 45. This is less than 12 hour
\ 10 : 45 = 10 : 45 a.m.
be T
pu
K
Activity 1 : Using your pencil, compass and protractor, draw the

figure of 24 hour clock.
©
Activity 2 : Using your pencil, scale, compass and protractor,

draw the figure of 12 hour clock. Draw hour, minute
and second needles.
Activity 3 : 02 : 36 : 15
o
This is the time in a digital clock. This clock shows hour, minute
tt
and second. In this way prepare different timings and make different
No
strips. These different strips are exhibited through a window. In

this way prepare a model for a digital clock.
Study the following table. You can clearly learn about
anti meridian (a.m) and post meridian (p.m)
84
24 hour clock time 12 hour clock time
00 : 00 hour to 24 hour 00 : 00 hour to 12 hour
01 : 00 hour 1 a.m.
02 : 00 hour 2 a.m.
11 : 00 hour 11 a.m.
d
12 : 00 hour 12 hour (afternoon)
he
13 : 00 hour 1 p.m.
is
re S14 : 00 hour 2 p.m.
B
bl
23 : 00 hour 11 p.m.
be T
00 : 00 hour or 24 hour 12 hour (midnight)
pu
K
©
Exercise 7.1
I. Answer orally
1) At what time do you get up in the morning ?

o
2) At what time do you go to school ?

tt
3) At what time do you go out to play ?

No
4) From what time to what time do you study during night ?
5) At what time you will have your dinner ?
6) At what time do you go to bed at night ?
85
II. Denote the following timings in a.m and p.m.
1) 10:15 morning 2) 8 : 10 night
3) 1:45 afternoon 4) 4 : 30 morning
5) 9 : 45 night 6) 5:35 evening
III. Convert the following timings to 12 hour clock timing.
d
Also write in a.m. and p.m.
he
1) 23 : 25 hour 2) 12 : 35 hour
is
re S
3) 14 : 45 hour
B 4) 18 : 40 hour
bl
5) 08 : 30 hour 6) 11 : 55 hour
be T
We know that second, minute and hour are the three fundamental
pu
units of time. Let us now learn the relationship between them.
K
60 seconds = 1 minute (1 min)

©
60 minutes = 1 hour (1 hr)
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
o
30 or 31 days = 1 month (excluding February month)

tt
12 months = 1 year
No
365 days = 1 year
86
In the month of February there are 28 days. After every 4 years,
in February there are 29 days. The year in which there are 29
days is called "leap year".
Problems on time involving addition

Example 1 : Add 2 hour 20 minutes to 3 hour 30 minutes.
d
2 hr 20 min Note : While adding time, we
he
+ 3 hr 30 min add second to second, minute
to minute and hour to hour.
5 hr 50 min
is
re S
Example 2 : Add 3 hour 50 minutes 30 seconds to 2 hour 15 minutes
B
bl
50 seconds.
be T
pu
3 hr 50 min 30 s
K
+ 2 hr 15 min 50 s
©
6 hr 06 min 20 s
[Note : 30s + 50s = 80s - 60s = 20s. 20 seconds is written
in seconds place. 60 s = 1min. This 1 minute is added
to minutes. So 1min + 50min + 15min = 66 min.
66 min - 60 min = 06 min. This 6 minutes is written in
o
minutes place.
tt
60 min = 1hr. This 1 hour is added to hours.

No
So, 1hr + 3hr + 2hr = 6 hours]

Example 3 : Add 3 years 8 months to 2 years 7 months
3yr 8 months
2yr 7 months
6yr 3 months
87
[Note : 8 months + 7 months = 15 months - 12 months = 3 months
12 months = 1 year
This one year is added to years.
\ 1year + 3years + 2 years = 6 years]
Activity 1 : From Monday to Saturday everyday you have a period
d
of 40 minutes of mathematics subject. For how many periods is
he
mathematics taught in a week ? Express this in hours.
Activity 2 : As in activity 1, find out the number of periods and
is
re S
hours of teaching for different subjects.
B
bl
Exercise 7.2
be T
pu
I. Answer orally
K
1) How many seconds make 1 minute ?

©
2) How many minutes make 1 hour ?

3) How many hours are there in a day ?
4) How many days are there in a week ?
5) How many months are there in a year ?
o
6) How many days are there in a year ?

tt
7) How many days are there in a month ?

No
8) How many days are there in February ?

9) What do you mean by leap year ?
10) What is the sum of 3hr 20min and 4hr 30min ?
88
II. Add the following.
1) 4hr 40min and 6hr 10min
d
he
5) 3hr 15min 18s and 1hr 19min 17s
is
re S
B
bl
8) 3yr 8 months and 2yr 7 months
be T
pu
K
9) 5yr 6 months and 4yr 9 months

©
Problems on time involving subtraction
Example 1 : Subtract 2hr 20min from 5hr 30min.
5hr 30min
Note : In problems involving time,
- 2hr 20min seconds should be subtracted from
o
seconds, minutes from minutes and

3hr 10min
tt
hours from hours.

Example 2 : Subtract 3hr 45min from 6hr 15min
No
6hr 15min
- 3hr 45min
2hr 30min
89
[Note : It is not possible to subtract 45 min from 15min. So we
barrow 1hr from 6hr.
Now 1 hour = 60 minutes
\ 60 + 15 = 75min
75 - 45 = 30min
In the place of hours, 5hr - 3hr = 2hr]
d
Example 3 : Subtract 4years 9months from 7years 7months
he
7yr 7 months
- 4yr 9 months
is
re S
2yr 10 months
B
bl
(Note : It is not possible to subtract 9months from 7months. So
be T
pu
we borrow 1year from 7 years.
K
1 year = 12 months
©
12 months+ 7months = 19 months

19 months- 9 months = 10months
In the place of years, 6yr - 4yr = 2 years)
Activity 1
Note the starting and closing time of your school. Find out the
o
time interval. From this subtract the time for lunch break and find
tt
how many hours your school works.

No
Activity 2
Watch on your television how the needles of hour, minute and
seconds change at the time of telecasting the news.
List the timings of the news telecasted in 'Doordarshan - 1' in
one day.
90
Exercise 7.3
I. Answer orally :
1) How many seconds make 5 minutes ?
2) How many minutes are there in 10 hours ?
3) How many seconds make 1 hour ?
d
he
4) What is the time interval between 9:30 a.m. and 12:00 noon?
5) Find out the railway clock time for 5:30 p.m.
is
re S
II. Subtract the following
B
bl
1) 5hr 10min from 7hr 30min
be T
pu
2) 3hr 20min 25s from 4hr 40min 50s
K

©

5) 3yr 8monthsfrom 6yr 4months
6) 2yr 9months from 5yr 6months
o
7) 4yr 11months from 7yr 5months

tt
How to calculate the time taken to complete a

work or an Incident?
No
Example 1 : Shalini leaves her home at 7:30 a.m. and reaches her
school at 9:00 a.m. How much time does Shalini take to reach her
school?
91
Starting time of Shalini = 7 : 30 a.m.
The time she reaches her school = 9 : 00 a.m.
Now we have to subtract 7:30 a.m. from 9:00 a.m.
hr : min [Note : we have to borrow 1hr from 9hrs,
1hr = 60min
9 : 00
60min - 30min = 30min
d
- 7 : 30
8hr - 7hr = 1hr]
he
1 : 30 \ Shalini takes 1 hr and 30min to reach her
is
Example 2 : The school closed for summer vacation on April 11
re S
and reopened on May 31. For how many days the school was closed
B
bl
for summer vacation ?
be T
pu
No. of days the school was closed from
K
April 11 to April 30 = 20 days

No. of days the school was closed from
©
May 1 to May 30 = 30 days.

Total number of days the school was closed for
summer vacation = 50 days.
Exercise 7.4
o
Solve the following problems.

tt
1) A worker enters the factory at 6 : 15 a.m. He finishes his

work and leaves the factory at 2 : 15 p.m. For how many
No
hours has he worked in the factory ?

2) A school closes for mid-term vacation on October 3rd and
reopens on October 31st. How many days has the school
closed for mid term vaction?
92
3) A school starts at 8 : 00 a.m on Saturday and closes
at 12 : 30 p.m. How many hours did the school work on
that day ?
4) Shyam comes to his office at 9 : 00 a.m. He works 8
hours in his office. What time does he leave his office in the
evening?
d
5) Fathima studies for 5hr. 10min in her school. At home, she
he
studies 2hr . 50min. What is the total number of hours she
studie on that day ?
is
re S
6) Mahesh spends his 15 days holidays in his uncle's place
B
bl
from 3 - 10 - 2011. On which date does he leave his uncle's
place ?
be T
pu
K
o
tt ©
No
93
Chapter - 8
SYMMETRICAL FIGURES
● cut and fold the papers, use ink blots to identify the images of
figures,
d
● identify the images of simple geometrical figures,
he
● identify symmetry in two and three dimensional figures,
● identify the figures obtained when 2D figures such as circle,
right angled triangle and rectangle are rotated.
is
re S
Symmetrical figures
B
bl
Observe the figure of a butterfly. A straight
line is drawn on this figure. When the paper
be T
pu
is folded along this straight line, one part will
K
exactly coincide with the other part. This is

a symmetrical figure. This straight line is
©
called axis of symmetry.

Observe these symmetrical figures. In a)
figure (a), the figures have two axes of
symmetry.
to
In figure (b), the symmetrical figures b)

have many axes of symmetry. Only a few
axes are drawn.
t
No
In figure (c), they are not symmetrical

figures. When we fold the paper on the c)
straight line drawn, they do not coincide
with one another. They are not
symmetrical figures.
94
Examples for symmetrical figures
a) b) c) d)
d
Examples for non - symmetrical figures.
is he
re S B
bl Symmetrical cubical figures
be T
pu
Anu and Manu have bought cakes of different shapes. They cut
K
the cake into two equal parts as shown. Observe the two parts in
each case.
t to©
No
Examples for symmetrical cubical figures.
95
Think :Car, planes, mobile, computer, human being are all
symmetrical cubical figures. Why ?
Images : a)
Activity 1 : Observe the images obtained by

placing different pictures in front of a mirror.
d
The left and the right portion of the object b)
he
has been changed into right and left portion
in the image.
is
re S
Activity 2 : Take a white paper and put one c)
B
bl
or two drops of ink on it. Fold the paper and
be T
gently rub the paper. Open and see the images

pu
formed on either side of the paper.
K
a) b) c) d)
©
Activity 3 : Take a coloured rectangular paper. Fold it exactly in the

middle as shown. In this folded paper, cut any figure of your choice.
to
Open the fold of the paper. Is the left side fold, same as the image
of the right side?
t
No
→ → →
In all these activities we got the image of a figure.
96
Examples :
1) Examine whether the given figures are symmetrical figures. If
they are symmetrical figures, how many axes of symmetry can
be drawn to them ?
a) b) c)
d
is he
re S
a)
B
bl
a) This is a symmetrical figure. It has only
one axis of symmetry.
be T
pu
K
©
b) This is not a symmetrical figure. So it b)

has no axis of symmetry.
c)
to
c) This is a symmetrical figure. It has two

axes of symmetry.
t
No
97
2) In the given figure, many straight lines are drawn. (1)
Which are the axes of symmetry ?
The straight lines (1) and (2) are the axes of
symmetry. But straight line (3) is not the axis of
symmetry.
(2)
(3)
d
3) Examine whether the images of the following
he
letter and numeral are exactly the same as the
original letter and numeral.
is
re S
a) The image of 'A' is exactly the same as
the original letter.
B
bl
b) The image of '6' is not like the original
be T
pu
numeral.
K
Exercise 8.1
©
1) Mark symmetric figures as '✓' and non symmetric figure as '✘' in

the following.
a) b) c) d)
to
2) A few lines have been drawn on the following figures and the
t
lines are denoted by numbers. Identify the axes of symmetry and

No
write its number.

(1) (1)
a) b) c) (1)
(2)
(2)
(2) (3)
(3)
98
3) Draw axes of symmetry to the following symmetrical figures.
a) b) c) d)
d
4) A few symmetrical figures wih only half part are given below.
he
Complete the remaining half part by drawing.
a) b) c)
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
5) Pairs of figures are given below. If one figure is the

©
image of the other figure put a tick '✓', if not put '✗'
a) b) c) d)
to
6) Some figures are given below. Draw their images in the given
t
space.
No
a) b) c) d)
BOX
99
7) A few numerals and words are given below. Among them a few
numerals or words are the images of original numerals and words.
List them.
a) 818 b) 310 c) 18081 d) 80888
e) DAD f) MAM g) EVE h) THAT
d
8) List the symmetrical objects you have seen in your surroundings.
he
Activity : Cut the cardboard into rectangle, right angled triangle and
circular shapes. Paste a stick to each one of them as shown in the
is
re S
figure. Rotate these figures by keeping the sticks in the middle of
your two hands. Now observe the cubical figures formed. Write
B
bl
their names in the box provided.
be T
pu
K
t ©
to
No
When we rotate rectangle, right angled triangle and circle in definite

axis we get cylinder, cone and sphere respectively.
100
Rotation of figures
Johara hung some figures on the wall :
a) b) c) d)
d
he
When she had gone out, her friend turned them upside down
(half). When Johara came back, she found that two pictures were
upside down and the other two pictures which were also made upside
is
re S
down were found to look alright. Why ?
B
bl
When this figure is rotated one turn we get This is exactly
be T
pu
like the original figure.
K
When this figure is rotated half turn, we get .

©
When this figure is rotated turn, we get .
When this figure is rotated turn .
When this figure is rotated turn we get .

to
So when this figure is rotated , , , turn, then it looks

completely different from the original figure.
t
Observe the following figures.

No
When the above figures are rotated turn, they appear exactly
like the original figure.
101
Some more examples are given below. Observe them.
1) When this figure is rotated th turn (900),
it appears as before.
2)
d
When this figure is rotated rd (1200), it
he
resembles the original figure.
is
re S
3)
When this figure is rotated th (600), it
B
bl resembles the original figure.
be T
pu
K
4)
©
When this figure is turned 1 round,

round, round, then it resembles the original
figure.
Note :
to
● If a figure is rotated th round and they resemble the

t
original figure, then with round also they resemble the original
No
figure.
● All figures when rotated one complete round will resemble the
original figure.
102
Examine whether the figure given below resemble the original figure
or not when it is rotated , , and round.
When the figure is rotated round and round,

it resembles the original figure. But in round
and round, it will not resemble the original
d
figure.
he
Note : If the figures which are rotated round resemble the original
is
re S
figure, then with round also they resemble the original figure.
B
bl
Activity : Examine the figure of Ashoka chakra. In
be T
which of the following rounds it resembles the

pu
original figure ? ( , , or )
K
©
Exercise 8.2
1) Figures are given in the first row of the table given below. In the
next rows, the rotations it has to be turned are given. If the figure
is turned for given rounds and resembles the original figure, put
'✓' in the box and if it does not resemble put '✗' in the box.
to
F
Ro igur
un e
d W 8
t
round ✓
No
round ✗
round ✓
round ✗
103
2) The following figures when turned round donot resemble the
original figure. Make suitable changes in the figure, to make them
resemble the original figure when turned round.
Example :
→
d
a) b) c)
is he
re S B
bl
3) a) List the letters from English alphabet, which will not change
be T
their shape, when turned rotation. Example : X

pu
K
b) Which capital letter from English alphabet when turned

round gives another letter ?
©
c) Which capital letter from English alphabet when rotated

round gives another capital letter ?
4) Draw the figures which resemble the original figure when rotated
round.
5) Draw the figures which resemble the original figure when rotated
to
round.
t
No
Discuss : A boy stands straight in 108

front of a board and observes it.
Another boy read the board in
shirshasana posture. What difference
they find in the board ?
104
Unit - 9
THREE DIMENSIONAL FIGURES
After studying this unit you can,
l represent 3 dimensional figures as 2 dimensional figures,
l draw the elevation, plan and side view of the 3D geometrical
figures,
d
l draw geometrical sketches of cube, cylinder and cone with
he
definite nets.
We observe many three dimensional objects around us. Some
is
re S
of them are given below.
B
bl
a) b) c) d)
be T
pu
K
©
These objects resemble three dimensional geometrical shapes.

They are rectangular cube (cuboid), cylinder, cube and cone. You
have already learnt about the properties of these figures in your
previous classes. Study the following table.
Name of 3D Figure No. of Properties No. of No. of
figures faces edges vertices
o
Cube 6 6 square faces 12 8

tt
No
Cuboid 6 6 faces 12 8
(square or
rectangular)
Cylinder 3 1curved surface - -

2 circular bases
105
Cone 2 1 circular base - 1
1 curved surface
Some students drew the figure of the same object - cuboid.

Here are a few figures drawn.
d
a) b) c) d) e)
is he
re S B
bl
Though students drew the figure of the same object, each figure
differs from the another. This is because each one of them have seen
be T
pu
the object from different directions.
K
Observe the figures of some objects with different geometrical

shapes.
©
a) b) c) d)
In all these figures, we cannot see all faces and edges at a time.
o
We denote the edge by a straight line ( ) and when we cannot

tt
see the edge we denote it by dotted lines (.............)
Observe this in the following figures.

No
a) b) c) d)
106
When we see an object or a cubical figure from different directions
it appears different. For example : When we see the bus from different
sides, we have the following figures.
a) b) c) d) e)
d
he
In these different views, let us know about 3 views.
1) Front view (Elevation) : When we see the object from front.
is
re S
2) Side view : When we see the object from left or right
B
bl
3) Plan (Top view) : When we see the object from the top.
be T
pu
Observe the figures in the following table.
K
Name of Figure of Elevation Side view Plan

©
the shape 3D in 2D
Cube
o
Cuboid
tt
No
Cylinder
Cone
107
Know this : Before constructing a house or any building, engineers
draw the plan, elevation and side view of that house or building.
These pictures will give us information about the area of the
building, height, structure, number of rooms, number of doors
and windows etc.
Example
a) b) c)
d
is he
re S
In this house, there are 2 rooms, 1 door and 3 windows. The
roof of this house is slanting.
B
bl
Some more examples are given below.
be T
pu
1) Suman, Peter and Irshad constructed a model bridge from match
K
boxes.
©
a) Peter drew the elevation picture.
b) Suman drew the picture of

side view.
o
tt
c) Irshad drew the picture of plan.

No
2) Observe the different views of the steps.

a) b) c)
108
Exercise 9.1
I. Answer orally.
a) What is the shape of the faces of a cube ?
b) How many circular faces are there in a cylinder ?
c) Mention the number of plane surfaces and curved surfaces
in a cone.
d
II. Observe the following table. Against each shape of solid,
he
some pictures are given. Put ' ü ' against the figure which is
an example of that shape and put ' û ' against the figure which
is not an example of that shape.
is
Cube
re S Ba) b) c) d)
bl
be T
e) f)
pu
Cylinder g) h)
K
©
i) j) k) l)
Cone
m) n) o) p)
Cuboid
o
tt
III. A robot is constructed using

different solid shapes. Identify the
shapes and write the number of
No
times it is used.
109
IV. Different views of a table are given below. Name them.
(a) (b) (c)
d
V. 1) Draw diagrams of cube, cylinder and cone with different
he
measurements in 2D.
2) Draw diagrams of your school showing elevation, side
is
view and plan.
re S
3) Draw diagrams of different objects in your house to show
B
bl
elevation, side view and plan.
be T
To construct solid figures from Networks :
pu
K
Take a cubical box and draw coloured lines on its edge and cut
them. When you open it, you get a plane figure.
©
(a) (b)
®
o
tt
This plane figure is called the net of the cube. This net when
folded on its edges, forms the cube.
(a) (b)
No
Network of cube cube

110
(a) (b)
Network of cylinder cylinder
d
(a) (b)
is he
re S
Network of cuboid
B
cuboid
bl
(a) (b) (c)
be T
pu
K
©
Network of cone cone

Exercise 9.2
1) Trace the following nets on a sheet of paper. Cut them on their
edges (including the piece of paper surrounding the edge). Fold
o
these nets, paste the flaps and construct the solid figures.
tt
No
(a) (b) (c)

111
Chapter 10
PATTERNS
l understand the rule followed in the pattern,
l complete the pattern by following the rule,
d
l create designs,
he
l know that numbers can be arranged in patterns,
l identify the number pattern,
is
l form triangular and square numbers through patterns,
re S
recognize number pattern and solve the problem,
B
bl
l
l relate sequence of odd numbers and consecutive square

be T
numbers,
pu
K
l make border strips and tile patterns,

know about different kinds of border strips and tiling patterns.
©
Patterns with Numbers

You have already studied number patterns in the previous class.
Study the following examples.
Example 1
o
5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 .......................................

tt
These numbers are multiples of 5 and the pattern is

5, 5 + 5, 10+5, 15+5, 20+5 ..............................................
No
Example 2
2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 ……………………………………….
In this example we see that there is a difference of one between
2 and 3 and a difference of 3 between 3 and 6.
112
The same pattern is continued.
i.e, : 2, 2+1, 3+3, 6+1, 7+3, 10+1, 11+3 ……….
Observe the following number patterns and write the next three
numbers.
20, 40, 60, 80, _________ , ________ , ______ .
8, 16, 24, 32, _________, _________, ________.
d
1, 4, 7, 10, _________, _________, _________.
he
19, 18, 17, 16, _________, _________, _________ .
Now let us study about some more interesting number patterns.
is
re S
Square Numbers
B
bl
Observe the following figures with dots. Identify the figure
formed in each case.
be T
pu
K
©
We observe that when a group of dots in the same direction are

joined a line segment is obtained.
Now, let us consider the points not lying on a straight line.
o
Observe the number of points used and the shape of the figure
formed.
tt
3 points – triangle.
No
4 points – square
113
Look at these figures. How many dots are there in each of them?
- 4 dots
- 9 dots
d
he
- 16 dots
is
re S B
bl - 25 dots
be T
pu
K
©
Each of the figure formed is a ‘Square”.

Observe that we get squares when 4, 9, 16, and 25 dots are joined.
These are called “Square numbers” as they form the shape of a
square.
Look at the dot patterns and identify the square numbers.
o
a) b)
tt
No
114
Write the dot diagram for the next square number.
d
is he
re S B
Observe the multiplication table.
bl
be T
Multiplication Table
pu
K
10 100
9 81 90
©
8 64 72 80
7 49 56 63 70
6 36 42 48 54 60
5 25 30 35 40 45 50
4 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
o
3 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
tt
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The red coloured numbers which run up and across are

multiplied.
The green coloured numbers on the diagonal are square numbers.
115
Triangular Numbers
Observe the figures formed by joining the dots as shown.
3 dots
d
he
6 dots
is
re S B
bl
be T
10 dots
pu
K
©
15 dots
o
The numbers 3, 6, 10, and 15 are called “Triangular

tt
Numbers” as they form triangles.

No
Note : All numbers do not form triangular numbers.
116
The sequence of the triangular numbers can be obtained from
the natural numbers as shown below. Study the pattern.
1
1+2 = 3
(1+2)+3 = 6
d
(1+2+3)+4 = 10
he
(1+2+3+4)+5 = 15
You can illustrate the same triangular numbers by the following
is
drawing.
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45
©
Observe these dot diagrams. Identify and write the triangular

numbers formed in them.
a) b)
o
tt
No
fig (a) fig (b)
117
Odd numbers and consecutive square numbers
Observe the dot pattern and numbers.
1+3=4
d
1+3+5=9
is he
re S B
bl
be T
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16
pu
K
©
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25
o
tt
When consecutive odd numbers beginning from one are

No
added we get a “Square Number”.
118
Look at these consecutive odd numbers- add them. Observe the
type of number formed.
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 36
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 = 49
d
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 +15 = 64
he
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 = 81
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = 100
is
re S B
bl
36, 49, 64, 81 and 100 are square numbers.
be T
pu
Activity
K
Pick out consecutive odd numbers from the table and form
©
square numbers.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
o
16 17 18 19 20
tt
Example
No
1+3 =4
1 + 3 +5 = 9
119
Exercise 10.1
I. Solve the following problems.
1) Write the numbers from 1 to 50 .
Colour the square numbers in red and triangular numbers in
blue.
1 2
d
is he
re S B
bl
50
be T
pu
K
a) List the square numbers.

b) List the triangular numbers.
©
c) How many square numbers are there from 1 to 50 ?

d) How many triangular numbers are there from 1 to 50 ?
2) Observe the given pattern of numbers and fill in the space

provided.
o
1+2+1= 4
tt
1+2+3+2+1= 9
1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 16
No
120
3. Express the following square numbers as the sum of
consecutive odd numbers.
16, 36, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 225
Example : 9 = 1 + 3 + 5
4. Fill in the missing odd number and write the square number
d
in the circle.
he
a) b)
is
re S
7
B 9
bl 3 1 5
be T
pu
K
5. List the first four square numbers and triangular numbers.

Represent them through dot diagrams.
©
6. Here is fun with triangular numbers. First complete the list

and then write them in the table as shown.
1, 3, 6, 10, _______, _______ , _______ , 36, 45.
1 3 6 10 36
o
tt
1 3 6 10 36
No
Now add them together and write the sum in the bottom row.
What can you say about the numbers formed in this row ?
Write your conclusion in the form of a statement.
121
7. Observe the given table.
Multiplication Triangular Numbers Square Numbers
table of 3
3´1=3 3, 6, 15, 21, 9
3´2=6
d
3´3=9
he
3 ´ 4 = 12
is
re S
3 ´ 5 = 15
B
bl
3 ´ 6 = 18
be T
pu
3 ´ 7 = 21
K
3 ´ 8 = 24
©
3 ´ 9 = 27
3 ´ 10 = 30
l Write multiplication tables of 4, 5 and 6. In each table, circle

the triangular numbers as shown in the example. Draw a box
o
for square numbers. List them in columns as shown.

tt
l Write numbers from 51 to 100. Identify and list triangular

No
numbers and square numbers.
122
Border strips and tiling patterns.
In your previous class you have learnt to make geometrical
patterns based on symmetry.
Observe the given patterns.
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
o ©
Think of some geometrical patterns based on symmetry and

tt
draw them.
In the same way we can make borders using patterns.
No
Observe the given borders :
123
d
We find that there is uniformity in design and space.
he
Observe the design of the floor.
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
Observe that tiles are placed in an uniform pattern without any gap
or overlapping.
Observe a few more examples of tile patterns given below.
o
tt
No
124
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
The floor of our houses, temples, platforms etc; are all tiled in an
uniform pattern.
This pattern of laying a collection of individual tiles
together without any gaps or overlaps to fill some flat space
is called ‘‘Tiling”.
o
Exercise 10.2
tt
I. Complete the border design.

a)
No
125
b)
................, ................
II. Observe the given border patterns and draw a few border
patterns of your own.
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
o
tt ©
No
126
III. Observe a few more tiled designs.
d
he
A B
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
C D
tt
o ©
E F
No
127
Activity
1. Observe the given tile pattern and make a design of your own.
Remember that there must be no gaps between them.
d
is he
re S B
bl
2. Look at the given shapes carefully.
be T
pu
K
©
l Which of these shapes will tile a floor (without any gaps).

l Make designs by using these shapes.
l Create your own new tile design out of a square. Can you do
the same with a triangle ? Try it.
o
3. Complete the tile design and colour them.

tt
No
128
d
he
4. Make your own tile designs using the dots.
is
re S
Colour them.
B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
5. Make tiled designs and border designs using squares and

triangles.
o
tt
No
129
Answers
Chapter - 1
Exercise 1.1
I 1) 25,258 2) 25,276 3) 21,842 4) 38,064 5) 16,050
6) 52,576 7) 31,600 8) 52,300
II. 1) 25,749 2) 27,639 3) 43,524 4) 30,205 5) 64,224
d
6) 39,555
III. 1) 90250 2) 50,980 3) 86,158 4) 90,364 5) 75,609
he
6) 16,354 7) 38,036 8) 38,000
IV. 1) 64,491 2) 78,730 3) 77,336 4) 90,351
is
re S
V. 1) 37,296
B 2) 17,280 3) ` 55,809
Chapter - 2
4) ` 44,505
bl
Exercise 2.1
be T
I.
pu
1) Quotient = 8, remainder = 0, 2) Quotient = 12, reminder = 0
K

II. 1) Quotient = 58, remainder = 0, 2) Quotient = 79, reminder = 0
©

III. 1) Quotient = 206, remainder=5, 2) Quotient = 662, reminder=1
3) Quotient = 95, remainder=10, 4) Quotient = 203, reminder=8
IV. 1) Quotient = 12329, remainder = 0 2) Quotient = 2000, remainder = 5
3) Quotient = 3274, reminder = 5 4) Quotient = 1004, reminder = 8
o
V. 1) 2 metres 2) 48 km 3) ` 86 4) ` 7,576
5) 1,140
tt
Exercise 2.2
I. 1) 410 2) ` 195 3) ` 1,080
No
Chapter - 3
Exercise 3.1
I. 1) 8,000 2) 3,000 3) 15,000 4) 33,000
II. 1) 30,000 2) 30,000 3) 50,000 4) 50,000
III. 1) 78,000 2) 96,000 3) 53,000 4) 89,000
130
IV. 1) 80,000 2) 80,000 3) 80,000 4) 60,000
V. 1) 18,000 2) 14,000 3) 32,000 4) 45,000
VI. 1) 20,000 2) 40,000 3) 30,000 4) 30,000
VII. 1) 20,000 2) 45,000 3) 50,000 4) 60,000
VIII. 1) 5 2) 40 3) 50 4) 200
d
IX. 1) 30,000 2) 20,000 3) 4,000 km. 4) ` 10,000
he
Chapter - 4
Exercise 4.1
is
re S
II. 1) 0.12
B 2 ) 6.8 3) 10.5 4) 4.02 5) 6.84 6) 108.06
bl
III. 1) 0.8 2) 7.5 3) 8.5 4) 52.5
be T
IV. 1) 0.08
pu 2) 0.72 3) 3.75 4) 4.80 5) 15.06
K
V. 1) 0.75 2) 10.25 3) 8.70 4) 782.10 5) 20.50

©
Exercise 4.2
I. 1) 0.8 2) 0.7 3) 0.6 4) 1.6 5) 4.2
6) 8.3 7) 0.07 8) 0.72 9) 8.61 10) 16.2
o
11) 1.41 12) 14.61 13) 0.5 14) 0.75 15) 0.4
tt
16) 0.35 17) 0.76 18) 0.68 19) 0.65 20) 0.32
II. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
No
6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
11) 12)
131
Chapter - 5
Exercise 5.1
I. 1) ` 29.95 2) ` 8.75 3) ` 2,503.25 4) ` 620
II. 1) ` 286.5 2) 3,200 paise 3) 1,975 paise 4) ` 47.05
III. 1) ` 1075.75 2) ` 154.25 3) ` 63.50
d
IV. 1) ` 151.75 2) ` 24.50 3) ` 99.25
he
4) ` 679.25 5) ` 699.25
is
V. 1) ` 48
re S 2) ` 600 3) ` 3375
4) ` 3,675 5) ` 69,120
B
bl
VI. 1) 400 2) ` 158 3) ` 1,475
be T
pu
4) ` 8 5) ` 1,611
K
Exercise 5.2
©
I. 1) ` 843 2) ` 910
Chapter - 6
Exercise 6.1
II. 1) 7,000 gram 2) 16,000 mg 3) 6 kg

o
4) 7.5 gram 5) 1,200 kg 6) 15 quintal

tt
III. 1) 16 kg 635 gram 2) 60 kg 782 gram 3) 28 kg

No
4) 36 kg 70 gram 5) 22 kg 330 gram
IV. 1) 15 kg 30 gram 2) 35 kgs 125 gram 3) 30 kg 395 grma

4) 34 kg 70 gram 5) 40 kg 89 gram
132
V. 1) 8 kg 250 gram 2) 39 kgs 500 gram 3) 88,500 kg
4) 4,600 gram 5) 19 kg
Exercise 6.2
II. 1) 5000 ml 2) 6,000 litre 3) litre 4) 8 Kilo litres
III. 1) 10 litre 500 ml 2) 42 litres 550 ml
3) 39 litre 650 ml 4) 16 kilo litre 150 litre
d
IV. 1) 9 litre 600 ml 2) 39 litre 900 ml
he
3) 29 litre 950 ml 4) 20 kilolitre 250 litre
V. 1) 4 litre 750 ml 2) 8 litre 250 ml 3) 6 bottles
is
re S
4) 6 litres 100 ml
B 5) 150 ml
bl
Chapter- 7
Exercise 7.1
be T
pu
III. 1) 11 : 25 p.m. 2) 12 : 35 p.m. 3) 2 : 45 p.m.
K
4) 6 : 40 p.m. 5) 8 : 30 a.m. 6) 11 : 55 a.m.

©
Exercise 7.2
II. 1) 10 hr.50 min 2) 5 hr.50 min 3) 6hr.30 min

4) 8hr.20 min 5) 4 hr.30 min 35s .
7) 9hr. 11 min 10s 8) 2 yr.8m 9) 10 yr. 3m
Exercise 7.3
o
II. 1) 2hr.20 min 2) 1hr.20min.25s 3) 2hr.40 min

tt
4) 30 min 5) 2yr.8 mth 6) 2yr.9 mth

No
7) 2yr.6 mth
Exercise 7.4
1) 8hr 2) 28 days 3) 4hr.30min
133
4) 5hr 5) 8hr 6) 18-10-2011
Chapter - 8
Exercise 8.1
1. a) û b) 3 c) 3 d) 3
2. a) (1) b) (1) c) (1) and (3)
5. a) 7 b) 3 c) 3 d) û
d
7. a) 818 c) 18081 (f) MAM
he
F
Ro igu
un re
d W 8
is
re S
round ü
B
ü ü ü ü û û ü ü ü ü ü
bl
round û û ü ü ü û û û û û ü ü
be T
pu
round ü û ü û û û û û ü ü û ü
K
round û û ü û ü û û û û û ü ü
©
Exercise 8.2
3) a) H, I, N, O, S, Z b) N c) M
Chapter - 9
Exercise 9.1
o
I. a) Square b) Two c) One, One

û û
tt
II. a) b) c) ü d) ü
e) ü û
f) g) û h) ü
û û û
No
i) ü j) k) l)
m) û n) ü o) û p) ü
III. Cube - 2, Cuboid - 1 Cylinder - 3 Cone - 2
134

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Government of Karnataka

Karnataka Text Book Society (R.)

Sl. No. UNIT PAGE NO.

3. Mental Arithmetic 21-34

6. Weight and Volume 66-81

8. Symmetrical figures 94-104

9. Three dimensional figures 105-111

10. Patterns 112-129

multiplicand ´ multiplier = product

Example : 4 ´ 7 = 28, 7 ´ 4 =28.

I. Find the product of the following.

cost of 25 bags of rice.

various competitions. 16 students got first prize and 16

Find the product of 156 and 267.

Number of pages in each note book =192. 5 0 0

\ Total number of pages in 250 note books 2 2 50

Multiplication of a 4-digit number by 1 or 2-digit number :

1 7 2 7 6 Write 17 as last two digits.

So, product of 2,468 and 7 is 17,276

1 3 7 6 1. Multiply : 1,376 ´ 4 = 5,504. Write

´ 3 4 the product in first row to left side from

2nd row 4 1 2 8 2. Multiply : 1,376 ´ 3 = 4,128. Write

Multiplicand 1 0 8 4 3 Multiply : 10,843 ´ 8 = 86,744.

2 1 8 0 7 Multiply : 21,807 ´ 4 = 87,228. Write the product

´ 4 in first row to left side from the units place.

1) 146 ´ 173 2) 178 ´ 142

3) 163 ´ 134 4) 183 ´ 208

III. Find the product.

1) Mr. Siddappa is a fruit selling agent who exports oranges.

get by selling wheat ?

When 32 balls are grouped in 4 each, it makes 8 groups.

2. Division by repeated subtraction.

II. Divide the following using repeated subtraction method.

Now let us learn the process of division by other ways.

Division is reverse process of multiplication

the first digit of dividend from left.

4. Bring down 4 of units place. Divide this 4 by the divisor 4.

Divide 49 by 2 using standard division algorithm.

Srinivasa has a chocolate box having 32 pieces. He wanted to share

Number of pieces in the chocolate box = 32 (Dividend)

Number of friends = 8 (Divisor)

3 2 take two digits from left side.

2) 8 ´ 4 = 32. Write 4 as the

The value obtained in the last column is equal to dividend given in

the second column.

From the above table it follows that

(Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder = Dividend

\ Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder

This is standard division formula.

5. Subtract : 25 - 25 = 0. Write 0 as the last remainder.

Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder

Divide 185 by 12 using standard division algorithm.

Total expenditure for one day excursion = ` 7,225 0 4 2

Dividend = (Divisior ´ Quotient) + Remainder

7,225 = (17 ´ 425) + 0

2. 25 ´ 4 = 100. Write 4 as the first digit of the quotient place and

5. Subtract : 123 - 100 = 23. Write the last remainder 23.

Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder

0 0 Dividend = (Divisor ´ Quotient) + Remainder

V. Solve the following problems.