EXPANDED NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY: 2019 RESULTS

HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF FILIPINO

ADULTS, 20-59 YEARS OLD
 Health and Nutritional Status
of Filipino Adults, 20-59 years old

CHONA F. PATALEN
Senior Science Research Specialist
Nutritional Assessment and Monitoring Division
2020 National Nutrition Summit | August 4, 2020
 Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency
and Overweight and Obesity among Adults,
20 years old and above, 1993-2019
50

40 37.2 36.0
Prevalence (%)

31.1 31.1
28.4
30 26.6
24.0
20.2
20 16.6

10 13.9 13.2 12.3 11.6 10.0 10.0 10.3

8.0 8.8
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points

Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Overweight
and Obesity among ADULTS, 20-59 years old
50
2015 2018 2019
40
Prevalence (%)

30 * 28.8 28.6
24.7
20

10
9.0 * 6.9 7.4 7.2 * 9.6 9.0

0
Chronic Energy Deficient Overweight Obese

* significantly different at 5% level of significance between 2015 and 2018,

but not between 2018 and 2019
 Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist Circumference
(WC)° among Adults, 20 years old & above, 2003-2019
40
Male Female
30
Prevalence (%)

23.1 23.5 23.0

19.0 19.9 18.5
20 17.0

10
2.4 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.9 3.6

0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

° High WC is ≥102 cm (>40in) for males or ≥88 cm (>34in) for females

 Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist-Hip Ratio
(WHR)° among Adults, 20 years old & above, 2003-2019
80
Male Female
65.5 63.2 63.7 63.0
62.5
57.9
54.8
Prevalence (%)

60
*
40

20
12.1 11.1
6.9 8.0 7.1 8.3 7.2

0
*
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

° High WHR is ≥1.00 for males or ≥0.85 for females

 Anemia among ADULTS, 20-59 years old, by sex

15
2013 2018 2019 12.7
11.2
9.3
10.0
Prevalence (%)

10
8.3
7.2
6.0
5.2
*
5 4.3

0
ALL Male Female
 Anemia among ADULTS, 20-59 years old,
by place of residence and wealth quintile

15 15 2018 2019
2018 2019

Prevalence (%)
Prevalence (%)

10 9.0 10 9.0 8.6 8.5

7.4 7.6 7.8 8.2 8.1
6.9 7.3 6.9 7.1
6.4
5 5

0 0
Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Trend in the Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure°
among Adults, 20 years old and above, 1993-2019
30
25.3
23.9
25 22.0 22.5 22.3
21.0
19.2
Prevalence (%)

20 17.5
15

10

5
° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, systolic blood pressure of
140 mmHg or higher and/or diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher (JNC VII, 2004)
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
 Elevated Blood Pressure
among ADULTS, 20-59 years old
50
2015 2018 2019
40 36.3
*
Prevalence (%)

28.3 30.0 *
30
* 26.9
20.8 22.2 *
* 18.7
20 16.0 * 16.7 *
13.9
11.7 * 9.8
10
9.1 * 5.5
* 4.2
0
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
* significantly different at 5% level of significance between 2015 and 2018,
and between 2018 and 2019
 Elevated Blood Pressure among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by sex and place of residence
50 50
2015 2018 2019 2015 2018 2019
40 40
Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)
30 30
25.3 *
20.2 22.2 *
19.5 *
20 17.5 16.9 * 20
15.4 13.8 16.7 *
12.7 *11.1 14.0
10 10

0 0
Male Female Rural Urban

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Elevated Blood Pressure among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by wealth quintile
50
2015 2018 2019
40
Prevalence (%)

30
23.1 23.8
19.1 *
21.0 * * *
20 16.5 * 16.5 14.7 17.6 15.8 18.0
15.1 * 15.8
13.1 * 12.6
11.1
10

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar
among Adults, 20 years old and above, 1998-2019
10 9.1
High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL 8.2
8
Impaired fasting glucose: 110-125 mg/dL 8.2
Prevalence (%)

5.6 7.9
6
4.8
3.9
4 3.4
4.3
2 2.7

0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
 Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar
among Adults, 20 years old and above, 1998-2019
40
High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL
Impaired fasting glucose: 110-125 mg/dL
30
Prevalence (%)

20

8.2 9.1
10 5.6
3.9 4.8 8.2
3.4
7.9
2.7 4.3
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
 Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar
among Adults, 20 years old and above, 1998-2019
40
High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL
Impaired fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dL 29.1
30
Prevalence (%)

26.4

20
13.5

10 7.4
7.9 8.2
3.9 3.4 4.8 5.6
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
 High Fasting Blood Sugar
among ADULTS, 20-59 years old
25
2013 2018 2019
20
Prevalence (%)

15
12.9 13.9
10.6
10 8.6 9.5
6.7 7.1 6.3
*
4.7 4.7 4.5
5 3.2
1.0 1.6 1.7
0
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Fasting Blood Sugar among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by sex and place of residence
25 25
2013 2018 2019 2013 2018 2019
20 20
Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)
15 15

10 10 8.3
* 6.8 7.5
* 6.6 6.7 5.8 6.3 * 7.8
5.1 4.3 * 5.3
5 5 3.9

0 0
Male Female Rural Urban

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Fasting Blood Sugar among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by wealth quintile
25
2013 2018 2019
20
Prevalence (%)

15
11.2
10
9.5 9.1
7.0 7.8 7.0
* 6.6
4.4 4.0 * 5.7 5.4
3.9
5.5
5 3.2 3.5

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Current Smoking° among Adults,
20 years old and above, 1998-2019
40
34.8
32.7
31.0
30 25.4
23.3 20.7
Proportion (%)

19.9
20

10

° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on a
regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)
- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.
 Current Smoking
among ADULTS, 20-59 years old
60
2015 2018 2019
50
Proportion (%)

40

30
24.0 *21.5 25.0 23.9 22.5 21.6 23.4 23.6
20.5 22.0 19.7 20.3 20.2 20.9 20.6
20

10

0
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
 Current Smoking among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by sex and place of residence

60 2015 2018 2019 60 2015 2018 2019

50 50
44.5 *
41.3 42.7
Proportion (%)

Proportion (%)
40 40

30 30
23.9 *21.5 24.1
21.5 19.6
21.2
20 20

10 6.3 5.8 3.9

10

0 0
Male Female Rural Urban

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Current Smoking among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by wealth quintile
60 2015 2018 2019

50
Proportion (%)

40

29.8
30 26.6 27.9 27.2
24.4
23.8 22.7 21.6 22.1
18.8 19.3 17.6 18.7
20 15.8 14.2
10

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Binge Drinking° among currently drinking
ADULTS, 20-59 years old
2015 2018 2019
80

70

60 55.6 55.7 52.9 55.4 55.2 53.6 56.7 57.1 57.2 54.7 54.1 55.6
52.7 52.1 50.5
Proportion (%)

50

40

30

20

10

0
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men

or 4 or more standard drinks in a row for women
Binge Drinking among currently drinking ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by sex and place of residence
80 2015 2018 2019 80 2015 2018 2019
70 64.4 70

60
59.4 59.6
60 57.2 60.0 54.4 54.3 52.0

Proportion (%)
Proportion (%)

50.0
50 50
41.4
40 *31.0 40
29.2
30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
Male Female Rural Urban

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

Binge Drinking among currently drinking ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by wealth quintile
80 2015 2018 2019
70
60.6 59.3 57.8 59.6 57.9
60 55.5 53.1 54.2 52.8 54.6 54.9 52.2 52.1
Proportion (%)

50.0 48.4
50

40

30

20

10

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Insufficiently physically active°
ADULTS, 20-59 years old
70
2015 2018 2019
60

45.0 45.7 42.6

Proportion (%)

50
40.7 40.6 40.2 40.3 38.9 37.8
40 37.1 35.9 37.3 37.0 35.4
33.8
30

20

10

0
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
° A person not meeting any of the following criteria:
 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR
 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR
 an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week
- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
 Insufficiently physically active ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by sex and place of residence
70 70 2015 2018 2019
2015 2018 2019
60 60
51.6
46.6 45.2 46.4

Proportion (%)
50 50
Proportion (%)

42.0 39.4
40 40 36.4 35.1 35.6
32.9 30.6
30
28.0 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
Male Female Rural Urban
 Insufficiently physically active ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by wealth quintile
70 2015 2018 2019
60
50.4 51.3
50 44.6 47.2 * 46.7
Proportion (%)

40.5 41.6 40.1

40 34.4 34.1 33.6 36.4
29.9 29.3 31.1
30

20

10

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

Summary (Adults)
 Overweight and obesity slightly declined in 2019;
but still, 1 in every 3 adults were overweight or obese
 Android-type of obesity (high WC and high WHR)
also slightly declined in 2019
 Anemia declined, particularly among adults from
rural areas and those belonging to the poorest
and poor wealth quintiles
 Elevated blood pressure declined further
 Smoking declined steadily and evident among young adults
 Physical inactivity also slightly declined
Summary (Adults)
 High fasting blood sugar continues to increase
 Impaired fasting glucose (110-125 mg/dL)
or prediabetes increased more than three-fold
over the past decade
 Chronic energy deficiency (CED) increased in 2019

 More than half of current drinkers were still

engaged in binge drinking
Health and Nutritional Status
of Filipino Elderly,
60 years old and above
Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Overweight
and Obesity among ELDERLY, 60 years & over
50
2015 2018 2019
40
Prevalence (%)

30
* 24.7 22.7
21.3
17.2 *
13.4 15.2
20

10
4.8 * 6.3 5.8
0
Chronic Energy Deficient Overweight Obese

* significantly different at 5% level of significance between 2015 and 2018,

but not between 2018 and 2019
 High Waist Circumference
among Elderly MALES, 60 years & over
12
2015 2018 2019
10
Prevalence (%)

6
4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9
4.4
4 3.3 3.5 3.8
2.9 2.7
2
1.8
0.9
0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & over
 High Waist Circumference among Elderly MALES,
by place of residence and wealth quintile

12
12 10.8
2015 2018 2019 2015 2018 2019 10.1
10 10

Prevalence (%)
Prevalence (%)

8 7.5 8 7.1
6.6
6
* 5.9 6
4.7 4.1
4
3.6 4 3.4 3.9 3.7
2.7 2.6
2.1 1.5 2.0 2.0
2 1.3
2
0.5 0.7
0 0
Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Waist Circumference
among Elderly FEMALES, 60 years & over

50 2015 2018 2019

40
Prevalence (%)

30 27.9 26.1 27.9

* 24.2 25.8 23.8
22.2 23.3 22.5
20.0 20.6
20 15.8

10

0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & above

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Waist Circumference among Elderly FEMALES,
by place of residence and wealth quintile
50 2015 2018 2019 50
2015 2018 2019

40 40
39.0 37.6
34.5
* 31.6 32.6 31.4 34.0
Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)
28.2 *
30 27.3
30
25.1 26.6
* 21.6 22.5 *
20.8 21.4 19.9
20 16.1 20 *
14.4 13.3 14.5
*
10.0
10 10

0 0
Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Waist-Hip Ratio
among Elderly MALES, 60 years old & over
30
2015 2018 2019
25
Prevalence (%)

20
15.9 16.4 16.0
15 13.2 13.5 14.0 13.8
12.8 12.8 11.9
10 8.7 9.5

0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over
 High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly MALES,
by place of residence and wealth quintile

30 30
2015 2018 2019 2015 2018 2019 25.8
25 25 22.9
21.9 21.3
Prevalence (%)

19.9

Prevalence (%)
20 20
16.6 17.4
15.1 15.3 15.1
15 15 13.8
11.4 12.1 11.2 12.3
10
9.4
10 7.8
7.1
5.7 5.8
5 5 3.6

0 0
Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 High Waist-Hip Ratio
among Elderly FEMALES, 60 years & over
100 2015 2018 2019

80 72.0 * 73.8 72.1

69.3 69.7
64.1 * 67.2 * 65.4
Prevalence (%)

65.0 * 62.8
59.9
60 55.6

40

20

0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly FEMALES,
by place of residence and wealth quintile
100 2015 2018 2019 100 2015 2018 2019

* 77.8 * 77.7 75.7 76.0 79.2 79.9

80 73.1 80
* 73.4 70.8 70.6
66.5 66.7 70.0 * 67.8 64.3 62.8
*

Prevalence (%)
Prevalence (%)

60
57.9 60 * 57.0 53.5 56.7
47.0
40 40

20 20

0 0

Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Anemia among ELDERLY,
60 years & over, by sex
30

2013 2018 2019

25 23.0 23.3
20.8 20.2
20 19.1
17.8
Prevalence (%)

16.9 17.4 16.6

15

10

0
ALL Male Female
 Anemia among ELDERLY,
by place of residence and wealth quintile
30 2018 2019 30
2018 2019

25 25 24.1
21.7 21.1 21.8
19.8
Prevalence (%)

20
17.8 18.3 20 18.5

Prevalence (%)
16.8 16.8 17.4
15.4 14.8 14.8
15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0
Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Elevated Blood Pressure°
among ELDERLY, 60 years & over
60
2015 2018 2019
50
41.2 40.6 42.7 40.6
* 37.1 39.6
Prevalence (%)

40 * 35.0 34.4 * 33.8 36.7 36.8

32.5
30

20

10

0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over
° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, systolic blood pressure of * significantly different at 5% level of significance
140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher
- 7th Joint National Committee on detection and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII, 2004)
Elevated Blood Pressure among the ELDERLY,
by sex and place of residence
2013 2018 2019 60 2015 2018 2019
60

50 50
43.0
40.8 * 41.5 39.5 *

Prevalence (%)
Prevalence (%)

40 36.8 36.0 * 40 35.6 34.2 34.2 34.6

33.6 33.2
30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0

Male Female Rural Urban

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Elevated Blood Pressure among ELDERLY,
by wealth quintile
60 2015 2018 2019

50
43.3 44.6
38.7 40.4 38.5 * * 39.1
37.3 35.8 36.9
Prevalence (%)

40
34.8 33.2 35.5 34.5 *
31.9
29.6
30

20

10

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Fasting Blood Sugar
among ELDERLY, 60 years & over
25
2013 2018 2019
20
Prevalence (%)

15.3 15.4
15 13.8 13.7
12.5 11.8
11.0 10.7
9.2 9.8
10
6.4 5.9
5

0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & above
 High Fasting Blood Sugar among ELDERLY,
by sex and place of residence
2013 2018 2019 25 2015 2018 2019
25

20
20 17.4 17.1

Prevalence (%)
Prevalence (%)

15 13.8 13.9 14.8 15 13.8

12.3 11.3 11.9
10.6 11.4 *
10 10 8.3

5 5

0 0

Male Female Rural Urban

* significantly different at 5% level of significance
 High Fasting Blood Sugar among ELDERLY,
by wealth quintile
25 2015 2018 2019

20.7 20.7
20

16.0
15.3 14.5 15.4
Prevalence (%)

15
12.8 12.5
11.7
10.3 9.4
10 8.5 8.1 9.0
6.0
5

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Current Smoking° among ELDERLY,
60 years & over old
50

2015 2018 2019

40
Proportion (%)

30

21.2
19.2 18.8 18.4
20 16.3 16.7 17.0
* 12.6 14.4
11.8 11.9
10
9.0

0
ALL 60-69y 70-79 y 80y & over
* significantly different at
° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) 5% level of significance
or on a regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)
- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.
 Current Smoking among ELDERLY,
by sex and place of residence
2015 2018 2019 50 2015 2018 2019
50

40 40

Proportion (%)
Proportion (%)

32.0
30 28.2 28.6 30

21.5
18.6 17.6
20 16.4 *
13.6 15.2
20

9.4 7.5 7.8 10

10

0 0

Male Female Rural Urban

* significantly different at 5% level of significance
 Current smoking among ELDERLY,
by wealth quintile
50 2015 2018 2019

40
Proportion (%)

30
25.1 24.4 23.8
23.0
19.2 18.2 20.1
20
16.2 15.8 16.2 14.6
12.2 13.6
11.1 11.5
10

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Binge Drinking° among currently drinking
ELDERLY, 60 years & over
60

48.9 48.0 47.1 2015 2018 2019

47.5
50
44.9 45.7 44.6 43.1
Proportion (%)

40
33.8 35.7
29.8
30
24.4
20

10

0
ALL 60-69y 70-79 y 80y & over

° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men

or 4 or more standard drinks in a row for women
Binge Drinking among currently drinking ELDERLY,
by sex and place of residence
60 2015 2018 2019 60 2015 2018 2019
50.0 50.4 49.7 49.4 48.0
50 50 46.5 44.6 43.9
41.2

Proportion (%)
Proportion (%)

40 37.7 40

30 30
23.9
21.1
20 20

10 10

0 0
Male Female Rural Urban
 Binge Drinking among currently drinking ELDERLY,
by wealth quintile
60 2015 2018 2019
54.8
49.8 51.0 52.2 49.6
48.6 47.6
50
44.4 44.4 45.2 45.8
40.2 38.9 39.4 41.0
Proportion (%)

40

30

20

10

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Insufficiently physically active°
ELDERLY, 60 years & over
80 77.6
2015 2018 2019 70.6 67.6
61.8
60 56.6
52.6 50.6 52.8
Proportion (%)

46.7 45.1 45.4

41.0
40

20

0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

° A person not meeting any of the following criteria:

 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR
 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR
 an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week
- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
 Insufficiently physically active ELDERLY,
by sex and place of residence
80
2015 2018 2019 80
2015 2018 2019
59.9 58.5
60 55.0 60 55.2
49.9
Proportion (%)

47.9 46.7 45.2 49.1

Proportion (%)
42.9 44.7 42.5
40 40

20 20

0 0
Male Female Rural Urban
 Insufficiently physically active ELDERLY,
by wealth quintile
80 2015 2018 2019

58.2 60.9
60
53.5 56.1
52.7 51.6 51.7
Proportion (%)

44.8 42.5 47.6 45.6 44.7 46.7 47.7

40.4
40

20

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Summary (Elderly)
 Overweight and obesity, as well as
android-type of obesity (high WC and
high WHR) slightly declined in 2019
 Anemia declined in 2019, and this is
to some extent notable among males and
those belonging to the poorest and poor
wealth quintiles
 Physical inactivity also slightly declined
Summary (Elderly)
 Chronic energy deficiency slightly increased in 2019
 Binge drinking among currently drinking elderly also
slightly increased, this is evident to some extent in females

 Elevated blood pressure and high fasting blood sugar

did not differ after one year, though rates were high
among the elderly
 One in every three (34.4%) elderly had elevated
blood pressure and 13.7% had high fasting blood sugar
 Proportion of current smokers did not change