FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS

FOR AGRICULTURAL

PESTICIDES

IPRODIONE

3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxo-
imidazolidine- 1- carboxamide
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

IPRODIONE

Page
DISCLAIMER
INTRODUCTION 1

PART ONE

IPRODIONE INFORMATION 3
IPRODIONE TECHNICAL MATERIAL (NOVEMBER 2019) 4
IPRODIONE WETTABLE POWDER (NOVEMBER 2019) 5
IPRODIONE WATER DISPERSIBLE GRANULES (NOVEMBER 2019) 7
IPRODIONE SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE (NOVEMBER 2019) 10

PART TWO

EVALUATIONS OF IPRODIONE 13

2019 FAO/WHO EVALUATION REPORT ON IPRODIONE 14

2018 FAO/WHO EVALUATION REPORT ON IPRODIONE 15

SUPPORTING INFORMATION 18
ANNEX 1: HAZARD SUMMARY PROVIDED BY THE PROPOSER 21
ANNEX 2: REFERENCES 23

2004 FAO/WHO EVALUATION REPORT ON IPRODIONE 24

SUPPORTING INFORMATION 27
ANNEX 1: HAZARD SUMMARY PROVIDED BY THE PROPOSER 35
ANNEX 2: REFERENCES 43
 DISCLAIMER 1

FAO specifications are developed with the basic objective of promoting, as far as practica-
ble, the manufacture, distribution and use of pesticides that meet basic quality require-
ments.
Compliance with the specifications does not constitute an endorsement or warranty of the
fitness of a particular pesticide for a particular purpose, including its suitability for the control
of any given pest, or its suitability for use in a particular area. Owing to the complexity of the
problems involved, the suitability of pesticides for a particular purpose and the content of
the labelling instructions must be decided at the national or provincial level.
Furthermore, pesticides which are manufactured to comply with these specifications are not
exempted from any safety regulation or other legal or administrative provision applicable to
their manufacture, sale, transportation, storage, handling, preparation and/or use.
FAO disclaims any and all liability for any injury, death, loss, damage or other preju-
dice of any kind that may arise as a result of, or in connection with, the manufacture,
sale, transportation, storage, handling, preparation and/or use of pesticides which
are found, or are claimed, to have been manufactured to comply with these specifica-
tions.
Additionally, FAO wishes to alert users to the fact that improper storage, handling, prepara-
tion and/or use of pesticides can result in either a lowering or complete loss of safety and/or
efficacy.
FAO is not responsible, and does not accept any liability, for the testing of pesticides for
compliance with the specifications, nor for any methods recommended and/or used for test-
ing compliance. As a result, FAO does not in any way warrant or represent that any pesti-
cide claimed to comply with a FAO specification actually does so.

1 This disclaimer applies to all specifications published by FAO.

 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 1 of 45

INTRODUCTION
FAO establishes and publishes specifications* for technical material and related formula-
tions of agricultural pesticides, with the objective that these specifications may be used to
provide an international point of reference against which products can be judged either for
regulatory purposes or in commercial dealings.
From 1999, the development of FAO specifications follows the New Procedure, described
in the 1st edition of “Manual for Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for
Pesticides” (2002) - currently available as 3rd revision of the 1st edition (2016) - , which is
available only on the internet through the FAO and WHO web sites.
This New Procedure follows a formal and transparent evaluation process. It describes the
minimum data package, the procedure and evaluation applied by FAO and the Experts of
the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications (JMPS). [Note: prior to 2002, the
Experts were of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Specifications, Registration Re-
quirements, Application Standards and Prior Informed Consent, which now forms part of the
JMPM, rather than the JMPS.]
FAO Specifications now only apply to products for which the technical materials have been
evaluated. Consequently from the year 2000 onwards the publication of FAO specifications
under the New Procedure has changed. Every specification consists now of two parts
namely the specifications and the evaluation report(s):
Part One: The Specification of the technical material and the related formulations of the
pesticide in accordance with chapters 4 to 9 of the “Manual on development and
use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides”.
Part Two: The Evaluation Report(s) of the pesticide, reflecting the evaluation of the data
package carried out by FAO and the JMPS. The data are provided by the manu-
facturer(s) according to the requirements of chapter 3 of the “FAO/WHO Manual
on Pesticide Specifications” and supported by other information sources. The
Evaluation Report includes the name(s) of the manufacturer(s) whose technical
material has been evaluated. Evaluation reports on specifications developed
subsequently to the original set of specifications are added in a chronological or-
der to this report.
FAO specifications developed under the New Procedure do not necessarily apply to nomi-
nally similar products of other manufacturer(s), nor to those where the active ingredient is
produced by other routes of manufacture. FAO has the possibility to extend the scope of the
specifications to similar products but only when the JMPS has been satisfied that the addi-
tional products are equivalent to that which formed the basis of the reference specification.
Specifications bear the date (month and year) of publication of the current version.
* NOTE: PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET AT
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/jmps/ps-new/en/
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 2 of 45

PART ONE

SPECIFICATIONS

IPRODIONE

Page

IPRODIONE INFORMATION 3
IPRODIONE TECHNICAL MATERIAL (NOVEMBER 2019) 4
IPRODIONE WETTABLE POWDER (NOVEMBER 2019) 5
IPRODIONE WATER DISPERSIBLE GRANULES (NOVEMBER 2019) 7
IPRODIONE SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE (NOVEMBER 2019) 10
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 3 of 45

IPRODIONE

INFORMATION

ISO common name Iprodione (E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, BSI, ANSI)

Synonym Glycophene (rejected common name proposal)
Chemical names
IUPAC 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxo-imidazolidine-1- carboxamide
CA 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-
imidazolidinecarboxamide
Structural formula

Empirical formula C13H13Cl2N3O3

Relative molecular mass 330.2
CAS Registry number 36734-19-7
CIPAC number 278
Identity tests HPLC retention time; IR spectrum

IR spectrum of iprodione
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 4 of 45

IPRODIONE TECHNICAL MATERIAL

FAO Specification 278 / TC (November 2019 *)

This specification, which is PART ONE of this publication, is based on an evaluation of da-
ta submitted by the manufacturers whose names are listed in the evaluation reports
(278/2004, 278/2018 & 278/2019). It should be applicable to technical materials of these
manufacturers but it is not an endorsement of those products, nor a guarantee that they
comply with the specifications. The specification may not be appropriate for the TC of oth-
er manufacturers. The evaluation reports (278/2004, 278/2018 & 278/2019) as PART
TWO form an integral part of this publication.

1 Description
The material shall consist of iprodione together with related manufacturing impuri-
ties and shall be a white crystalline powder, free from visible extraneous matter
and added modifying agents.
2 Active ingredient
2.1 Identity tests (CIPAC 278/TC/M/2, CIPAC Handbook G, p.99, 1995)
The active ingredient shall comply with an identity test and, where the identity
remains in doubt, shall comply with at least one additional test.
2.2 Iprodione content (CIPAC 278/TC/M/3, CIPAC Handbook G, p.99, 1995)
The iprodione content shall be declared (not less than 960 g/kg) and, when de-
termined, the average measured content shall not be lower than the declared
minimum content.
3 Relevant impurities
3.1 Loss on drying (MT 17.2, CIPAC Handbook F, p.56, 1995)
Maximum: 10 g/kg.

*Specifications may be revised and/or additional evaluations may be undertaken. Ensure the use of current
versions by checking at: http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/jmps/ps-new/en/
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 5 of 45

IPRODIONE WETTABLE POWDER

FAO Specification 278 / WP (November 2019 *)

This specification, which is PART ONE of this publication, is based on an evaluation of da-
ta submitted by the manufacturers whose name are listed in the evaluation reports
(278/2004 & 278/2019). It should be applicable to wettable powders of these manufactur-
ers but it is not an endorsement of those products, nor a guarantee that they comply with
the specifications. The specification may not be appropriate for the products of other man-
ufacturers. The evaluation report (278/2004 & 278/2019) as PART TWO form an integral
part of this publication.

1 Description
The material shall consist of an homogeneous mixture of technical iprodione
complying with the requirements of FAO specification 278/TC (November 2019).
It shall be in the form of a fine powder free from visible extraneous matter and
hard lumps.
2 Active ingredient
2.1 Identity tests (CIPAC 278/WP/M/2, CIPAC Handbook G, p.102, 1995)
The active ingredient shall comply with an identity test and, where the identity
remains in doubt, shall comply with at least one additional test.
2.2 Iprodione content (CIPAC 278/WP/M/3, CIPAC Handbook G, p.102, 1995)
The iprodione content shall be declared (g/kg) and, when determined, the average
content measured shall not differ from that declared by more than the following
tolerances:
Declared content, g/kg Tolerance
above 100 up to 250 ± 6% of the declared content
above 250 up to 500 ± 5% of the declared content
above 500 ± 25 g/kg
Note: in each range the upper limit is included.

3 Relevant impurities
3.1 Water (MT 30.6) (Note 1)
Maximum: 20 g/kg.

4 Physical properties
4.1 pH range (MT 75.3, CIPAC Handbook J, p.131, 2000)

* Specifications may be revised and/or additional evaluations may be undertaken. Ensure the use of current

versions by checking at: http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/jmps/ps-new/en/

 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
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Page 6 of 45

pH range: 4 to 6.
4.2 Wet sieve test (MT 185, CIPAC Handbook K, p.149, 2003)
Maximum: 1% retained on a 75 µm test sieve.

4.3 Suspensibility (MT 184.1) (Notes 2 & 3)

A minimum of 70% of the iprodione content found under 2.2 shall be in sus-
pension after 30 min in CIPAC standard water D at 25 ± 5°C (Note 4).
4.4 Persistent foam (MT 47.3, CIPAC Handbook O, p.177, 2017) (Note 5)
Maximum: 50 ml after 1 min.
4.5 Wettability (MT 53.3.1, CIPAC Handbook F, p.165, 1995)
The formulation shall be completely wetted in 1 min without swirling.
5 Storage stability
5.1 Stability elevated temperature (MT 46.4) (Note 6)
After storage at 54 ± 2°C for 14 days, the determined average active ingredi-
ent content must not be lower than 95 %, relative to the determined average
content found before storage (Note 7), and the formulation shall continue to
comply with the clauses for:
- pH range (4.1),
- wet sieve test (4.2),
- suspensibility (4.3),
- wettability (4.5).

Note 1 The revised and amended CIPAC MT 30.6 Karl Fischer Water determination was presented and
provisionally adopted at the 2019 CIPAC Meeting in Braunschweig. Briefly, it consists of two sub-
methods: MT 36 A for volumetric determination and B for coulometric determination covering dif-
ferent concentration ranges. Prior to its publication in a next Handbook, copies of the method can
be obtained through https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/pre-published-
methods
Note 2 MT 184.1 is the revised and updated version of MT 184 and was adopted at the CIPAC Meeting in
Panama in 2018. Prior to its publication in a next Handbook, copies of the method can be ob-
tained through https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/pre-published-methods
Note 3 The formulation should be tested at the highest and lowest rates of use recommended by the sup-
plier.
Note 4 Chemical assay is the only fully reliable method to measure the mass of active ingredient still in
suspension. However, simpler methods such as gravimetric and solvent extraction determination
may be used on a routine basis provided that these methods have been shown to give results
which are in agreement to those of the chemical assay method. In case of dispute, the chemical
method shall be the referee method.
Note 5 The mass of sample to be used in the test should be at the highest rate of use recommended by
the supplier.
Note 6 MT 46.4 is the harmonized and updated accelerated storage method. It was presented and provi-
sionally adopted at the 2019 CIPAC Meeting in Braunschweig. Prior to its publication in a next
Handbook, copies of the method can be obtained through
https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/pre-published-methods
Note 7 Samples of the formulation taken before and after the storage stability test should be analyzed con-
currently after the test in order to reduce the analytical error.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 7 of 45

IPRODIONE WATER DISPERSIBLE GRANULES

FAO Specification 278 / WG (November 2019 *)

This specification, which is PART ONE of this publication, is based on an evaluation of da-
ta submitted by the manufacturers whose names are listed in the evaluation reports
(278/2004 & 278/2019). It should be applicable to water dispersible granules of these
manufacturers but it is not an endorsement of those products, nor a guarantee that they
comply with the specifications. The specification may not be appropriate for the products
of other manufacturers. The evaluation reports (278/2004 & 278/2019) as PART TWO
form an integral part of this publication.

1 Description
The material shall consist of an homogeneous mixture of technical iprodione,
complying with the requirements of the FAO specification 278/TC (November
2019), together with carriers and any other necessary formulants. It shall be in the
form of granules for application after disintegration and dispersion in water. The
formulation shall be dry, free-flowing, essentially non-dusty, and free from visible
extraneous matter and hard lumps.
2 Active ingredient
2.1 Identity tests (CIPAC 278/WP/M/2, CIPAC Handbook G, p.102, 1995, Note 1)
The active ingredient shall comply with an identity test and, where the identity
remains in doubt, shall comply with at least one additional test.
2.2 Iprodione content (CIPAC 278/WP/M/3, CIPAC Handbook G, p.102, 1995,
Note 1)
The iprodione content shall be declared (g/kg) and, when determined, the average
content measured shall not differ from that declared by more than the following
tolerances:
Declared content, g/kg Tolerance
above 250 up to 500 ± 5% of the declared content
above 500 ± 25 g/kg

Note: the upper limit is included in the range

3 Relevant impurities
3.1 Water (MT 30.6 A) Note 2)
Maximum: 8 g/kg.

*Specifications may be revised and/or additional evaluations may be undertaken. Ensure the use of current
versions by checking at: http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/pm/jmps/ps/en/
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 8 of 45

4 Physical properties
4.1 pH range (MT 75.3, CIPAC Handbook J, p.131, 2000)
pH range: 8.9 to 9.9.
4.2 Wettability (MT 53.3.1, CIPAC Handbook F, p.165, 1995)
The formulation shall be completely wetted in 1 min without swirling.
4.3 Wet sieve test (MT 185, CIPAC Handbook K, p.149, 2003)
Maximum: 1% retained on a 75 µm test sieve.
4.4 Degree of dispersion (MT 174, CIPAC Handbook F, p.435, 1995)
Dispersibility: minimum 90% after 2 min stirring.
4.5 Suspensibility (MT 184.1), (Notes 3 & 4)
A minimum of 70% shall be in suspension after 30 min in CIPAC standard wa-
ter D at 25 ± 5°C (Note 5).
4.6 Persistent foam (MT 47.3, CIPAC Handbook F, p.152, 1995) (Note 6)
Maximum: 50 ml after 1 min.
4.7 Dustiness (MT 171.1) (Notes 7 & 8) Essentially non-dusty.
4.8 Flowability (MT 172, CIPAC Handbook F, p.430, 1995)
At least 99% of the formulation shall pass through a 5 mm test sieve after 20
drops of the sieve.

5 Storage stability
5.1 Stability at elevated temperature (MT 46.4,) (Note 6)
After storage at 54 ± 2°C for 14 days, the determined average active ingre-
dient content must not be lower that 97% relative to the determined average
content found before storage (Note 7) and the formulation shall continue to
comply with the clauses for:
- pH range (4.1),
- wet sieve test (4.3),
- degree of dispersion (4.4),
- suspensibility (4.5),
- dustiness (4.7),
- flowability (4.8).

Note 1 The CIPAC method for determination of iprodione in wettable powders (WP) is also applicable to
water dispersible granules (WG). However, prior to analysis, samples of the granules should be
ground to a powder.
Note 2 The revised and amended CIPAC MT 30.6 Karl Fischer Water determination was presented and
provisionally adopted at the 2019 CIPAC Meeting in Braunschweig. Briefly, it consists of two sub-
methods: MT 36 A for volumetric determination and B for coulometric determination covering dif-
ferent residual water concentration ranges. Prior to its publication in a next Handbook, copies of
the method can be obtained through
https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/pre-published-methods
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 9 of 45

Note 3 The formulation should be tested at the highest and lowest rates of use recommended by the sup-
plier.
Note 4 Chemical assay is the only fully reliable method to measure the mass of active ingredient still in
suspension. However, simpler methods such as gravimetric and solvent extraction determination
may be used on a routine basis provided that these methods have been shown to give results
which are in agreement to those of the chemical assay method. In case of dispute, the chemical
method shall be the referee method.
Note 3 The mass of sample to be used in the test should be at the highest application rate of use recom-
mended by the supplier.
Note 4 Measurement of dustiness must be carried out on the sample "as received" and, where practica-
ble, the sample should be taken from a newly opened container, because changes in the water
content of samples may influence dustiness significantly. The optical method, MT 171.2, usually
shows good correlation with the gravimetric method, MT 171.1, and can, therefore, be used as an
alternative where the equipment is available. Where the correlation is in doubt, it must be checked
with the formulation to be tested. In case of dispute the gravimetric method shall be used.
Note 5 The mass of sample to be used in the test should be at the highest rate of use recommended by
the supplier.
Note 5 The mass of sample to be used in the test should be at the highest rate of use recommended by
the supplier.
Note 6 Measurement of dustiness must be carried out on the sample "as received" and, where practicable,
the sample should be taken from a newly opened container, because changes in the water content
of samples may influence dustiness significantly. The optical submethod of MT 171.1, usually
shows good correlation with the gravimetric submethod, MT 171, and can, therefore, be used as an
alternative where the equipment is available. Where the correlation is in doubt, it must be checked
with the formulation to be tested. In case of dispute the gravimetric method shall be used.
Note 7 MT 171.1 is the corrected and amended version of MT 171. Prior to its publication in a next Hand-
book, copies of the method may be downloaded from the CIPAC website
https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/errata
Note 8 MT 46.4 is the harmonized and updated accelerated storage method. It was presented and provi-
sionally adopted at the 2019 CIPAC Meeting in Braunschweig. Prior to its publication in a next
Handbook, copies of the method can be obtained through
https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/pre-published-methods
Note 9 Analysis of the formulation, before and after the storage stability test, may be carried out concurrently
(i.e. after storage) to reduce analytical error.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 10 of 45

IPRODIONE SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE

FAO Specification 278 / SC (November 2019 *)

This specification, which is PART ONE of this publication, is based on an evaluation of da-
ta submitted by the manufacturers whose name are listed in the evaluation reports
(278/2004, 278/2018 & 278/2019). It should be applicable to suspension concentrates of
these manufacturers but it is not an endorsement of those products, nor a guarantee that
they comply with the specifications. The specification may not be appropriate for the prod-
ucts of other manufacturers. The evaluation reports (278/2004, 278/2018 & 278/2019) as
PART TWO form an integral part of this publication.

1 Description
The material shall consist of a suspension of fine particles of technical iprodione,
complying with the requirements of FAO specification 278/TC (November 2019),
in an aqueous phase together with suitable formulants. After gentle agitation the
material shall be homogeneous (Note 1) and suitable for further dilution in water.
2 Active ingredient
2.1 Identity tests (CIPAC 278/SC/M/2, CIPAC Handbook G, p.104, 1995)
The active ingredient shall comply with an identity test and, where the identity
remains in doubt, shall comply with at least one additional test.
2.2 Iprodione content (CIPAC 278/SC/M/3, CIPAC Handbook G, p.104, 1995)
The iprodione content shall be declared in (g/kg or g/l at 20 ± 2ºC, Note 2)
and, when determined, the average content measured shall not differ from
that declared by more than the following tolerances:

Declared content, g/kg or g/l at 20 ± 2°C Tolerance

above 100 up to 250 ± 6% of the declared content
above 250 up to 500 ± 5% of the declared content

Note: in each range the upper limit is in-

cluded.

3 Physical properties
3.1 pH range (MT 75.3, CIPAC Handbook J, p.131, 2000) pH
range: 4.0 to 6.0.
3.2 Pourability (MT 148, CIPAC Handbook F, p.348, 1995)
Maximum residue: 5%.

*Specifications may be revised and/or additional evaluations may be undertaken. Ensure the use of current
versions by checking at: http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/pm/jmps/ps/en/
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
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3.3 Spontaneity of dispersion (MT 160, CIPAC Handbook F, p.391, 1995) (Note 3)
A minimum of 90% of the iprodione content found under 2.2 shall be in
suspension after 5 min in CIPAC standard water D at 30 ± 2°C.
3.4 Suspensibility (MT 184.1) (Notes 4, 5 & 6)
A minimum of 70% of the iprodione content found under 2.2 shall be in
suspension after 30 min in CIPAC standard water D at 25 ± 5°C.
3.5 Wet sieve test (MT 185, CIPAC Handbook K, p.149, 2003)
Maximum: 1% of the formulation shall be retained on a 75 µm test sieve.
3.6 Persistent foam (MT 47.3, CIPAC Handbook O, p.177, 2017) (Note 7)
Maximum: 25 ml after 1 min.
4 Storage stability
4.1 Stability at 0°C (MT 39.3, CIPAC Handbook J, p.126, 2000)
After storage at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days, the formulation shall continue to comply
with the clauses for:
- spontaneity of dispersion (3.3),
- suspensibility (3.4),
- wet sieve test (3.5).
4.2 Stability at elevated temperature (MT 46.4) (Note 7)
After storage at 54 ± 2°C for 14 days, the determined average active ingredi-
ent content must not be lower than 97%, relative to the determined average
content found before storage (Note 9), and the formulation shall continue to
comply with the clauses for:
- pH range (3.1),
- pourability (3.2),
- spontaneity of dispersion (3.3),
- suspensibility (3.4),
- wet sieve test (3.5).

Note 1 Before sampling to verify the formulation quality, inspect the commercial container carefully. On
standing, suspension concentrates usually develop a concentration gradient from the top to the
bottom of the container. This may even result in the appearance of a clear liquid on the top and/or
of sediment on the bottom. Therefore, before sampling, homogenize the formulation according to
the instructions given by the manufacturer or, in the absence of such instructions, by gentle shak-
ing of the commercial container (for example by inverting the closed container several times).
Large containers must be opened and stirred adequately.
After this procedure, the container should not contain a sticky layer of non-dispersed matter at the
bottom. A suitable and simple method of checking for a non-dispersed sticky layer "cake" is by
probing with a glass rod or similar device adapted to the size and shape of the container. All the
physical and chemical tests must be carried out on a laboratory sample taken after the recom-
mended homogenization procedure.
Note 2 If the buyer requires both g/kg and g/l at 20°C, then in case of dispute the analytical results shall be
calculated as g/kg.
Note 3 This test will normally only be carried out after the heat stability test: 4.2.
Note 4 The revised MT 184.1 was adopted at the CIPAC Meeting in Panama in 2018. Prior to its publication
in a next Handbook, copies of the method may be obtained through
https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/pre-published-methods
Note 5 The formulation should be tested at the highest and lowest rates of use recommended by the sup-
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 12 of 45

plier.
Note 6 Chemical assay is the only fully reliable method to measure the mass of active ingredient still in
suspension. However, simpler methods such as gravimetric and solvent extraction determination
may be used on a routine basis provided that these methods have been shown to give results
which are in agreement to those of the chemical assay method. In case of dispute, the chemical
method shall be the referee method.
Note 7 The mass of sample to be used in the test should be at the highest application rate of use recom-
mended by the supplier.
Note 8 MT 46.4 is the harmonized and updated accelerated storage method. It was presented and provi-
sionally adopted at the 2019 CIPAC Meeting in Braunschweig. Prior to its publication in a next
Handbook, copies of the method can be obtained through
https://www.cipac.org/index.php/methods-publications/pre-published-methods
Note 9 Analysis of the formulation, before and after the storage stability test, should be carried out concur-
rently to reduce analytical error.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 13 of 45

PART TWO

EVALUATION REPORTS

IPRODIONE

Page

2019 FAO/WHO evaluation report based on submission of information from

BASF SE and FMC (TC, WP, WG and SC) 14

2018 FAO/WHO evaluation report based on submission of information from

Rotam Agrochemical Co., Ltd. (TC, SC) 15
Supporting information 18
Annex 1: Hazard summary provided by the proposer 21
Annex 2: References 23

2004 FAO/WHO evaluation report based on submission of information from

Bayer Crop Science and BASF SE (TC, WP, WG and SC) 24
Supporting information 27
Annex 1: Hazard summary provided by the proposer 35
Annex 2: References 43
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
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IPRODIONE

FAO/WHO EVALUATION REPORT 278/2019

Recommendations
The Meeting recommended the following:

i) the change of the manufacturer consortium for the reference specifications for iprodi-
one TC, WP, WG and SC from Bayer Crop Science and BASF SE to BASF SE and
FMC Corporation, respectively, should be noted by FAO.

Appraisal
The reference FAO specifications for iprodione TC, WP, WG and SC formulations had been
jointly proposed by Bayer Crop Science (BCS) and BASF and published in 2006
(FAO/WHO Evaluation report 278/2006).
Bayer Crop Science recently contacted FAO and informed, that since 2011 the intellectual
property rights for iprodione outside the European Union had been sold to FMC Corpora-
tion 2 (FMC) and requested that the new shared responsibility for iprodione including the
reference FAO specifications for this compound and its formulations should be reflected in a
notification report.
As such a transition may raise some concerns on the continued validity of the FAO specifi-
cations for iprodione technical material and formulations (see also FAO/WHO Manual, Sec-
tion 2.7 on revision of specifications), FMC was contacted by FAO and a statement on the
support of the reference specifications and possible changes therein was requested.
FMC later provided confirmation in writing (FMC, 2019) 3 to FAO confirming the continued
support for the FAO reference specifications for iprodione and its formulated products. FMC
explained that both the manufacturing site and processes for iprodione were not affected
by the transition from BCS to their company and confirmed the continued validity of the pub-
lished specifications and stewardship for them.
For this reason, the Meeting recommended that the transition of the consortium BCS and
BASF as the holder of the reference specifications for iprodione and its formulations to
BASF and FMC should be noted by FAO.

2 see also https://agrow.agribusinessintelligence.informa.com/AG005527/FMC-gains-two-Bayer-fungicides

3 E-mail from Mrs. R. McKenna, FMC, to FAO dated 29 November 2019
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 15 of 45

s
IPRODIONE

FAO/WHO EVALUATION REPORT 278/2018

Recommendations
The Meeting recommended that:
(i) The iprodione TC produced by Rotam Agrochemical Co., Ltd should be accepted
as equivalent to the iprodione reference profile by FAO;
(ii) The existing FAO specifications for iprodione TC should be extended to the cor-
responding products of Rotam Agrochemical Co., Ltd.
(iii) The existing FAO specifications for iprodione SC should be extended to the cor-
responding products of Jiangsu Rotam Chemistry Co., Ltd.

Appraisal
The Meeting considered data and supporting information submitted in October 2017 by Ro-
tam Agrochemical Co., Ltd for the determination of the equivalence for iprodione TC and by
Jiangsu Rotam Chemistry Co., Ltd for extension of the existing FAO specifications for SC
(FAO specifications 278/TC and SC). The data submitted were broadly in accordance with
the requirements of the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO specifications
for Pesticides (March 2016 - 3rd revision of the 1st edition) and supported the draft specifica-
tions. The reference specifications and supporting data for iprodione were provided by
Bayer Crop Science and BASF, and the FAO specifications had been published in 2006.
Iprodione is the ISO common name for 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxo-
imidazolidine-1-carboxamide (IUPAC). Iprodione is a non-systemic fungicide, widely used
in agriculture.
Iprodione was evaluated several times by JMPR (JMPR 1992, 19951). It is not under pa-
tent, and the main formulation types for agricultural use are WP, WG and SC. These formu-
lations are registered and sold in about 90 countries, in all continents. Iprodione may be co-
formulated with other fungicides, such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, diniconazole or
bromuconazole.
The confidential information (manufacturing process, purity and impurity profile) submitted
to FAO was compared by the UK Chemicals Regulation Directorate as being the same as
that submitted for registration in UK 4.
The Meeting was provided with commercially confidential information on the manufacturing
process and five batch analysis data on all impurities present at or above 1 g/kg, as well as
any potentially relevant impurities below 1 g/kg, and their manufacturing limits in the TC.
Mass balances ranged from 99.63% to 99.84% in the 5-batch data. The maximum limits for

4 E-mail from CRD, May 2018

 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 16 of 45

the impurities were supported by the 5-batch data and statistically justified. The proposer
declared the minimum purity of the iprodione TC as 980 g/kg which is statistically justified
(mean value-3 standard deviation = 982 g/kg) and it is thus compliant with the existing
specifications (not less than 960 g/kg).
The manufacturing process, impurity profile and five batch analyses were compared with
the data submitted in the reference profile. The manufacturing process utilized by Rotam is
similar to that of the reference TC.
However, iprodione TC produced by Rotam contains one additional impurity not present in
the reference profile. The Meeting noted that, in a recent EU evaluation of iprodione 5, two
relevant impurities were identified by EFSA. One of these two impurities is not considered
as relevant by the JMPS as it is - also a mammalian metabolite of iprodione. The other im-
purity – 3,5-dichloroaniline - is a starting material used in the manufacturing process and
was considered as potentially relevant at a concentration ≥ 0.325 g/kg. The Meeting ques-
tioned the company on the possible presence of this impurity in their iprodione TC. Rotam
provided a 5-batch analysis study to demonstrate the absence of this impurity at a detection
limit of 5 µg/kg which is well below the cut of limit for relevance and the Meeting therefore
concluded that this impurity was not relevant (Chen, L. and Zhao D., 2019).
A mutagenicity study (Ames test) for iprodione has been conducted as Tier-1 data. Iprodi-
one TC from Rotam does not show mutagenicity in in vitro bacterial assays (OECD 471).
The proposer used the CIPAC method 278/TC/M/3 (HPLC-UV at 220 nm with external
standardization) for the determination of the active ingredient content in iprodione TC. The
validation data (specificity, linearity of response, linearity range, precision and accuracy in
one laboratory) were provided. The method was validated according to the EU SAN-
CO/3030/99 rev.4 guideline.
The determination of impurities was achieved using an HPLC-DAD method with detection at
200 nm. The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity of response, preci-
sion, accuracy and limit of quantification for impurities according to EU SANCO/3030/99
rev.4 guideline.
The confirmation of structural identity of iprodione and the impurities was achieved using
GC-MS based on mass and functional group by FT-IR and NMR (1H- and 13C-NMR spec-
trometry).
The water content of the technical material was determined using the CIPAC method MT
30.1 (Karl Fischer titration).
Though not required, the Meeting was also provided with data on melting point, vapour
pressure, density, pH range, surface tension, octanol/water partition coefficient, dissociation
characteristic and solubility in water and organic solvents.
The melting point range is in good agreement with the reference material (133.4 °C for

5 Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance iprodione, EFSA Journal
2016;14(11):4609
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 17 of 45

Bayer CropScience versus 133.1-133.9 °C for Rotam).

Test methods for determination of physico-chemical properties of the technical active ingre-
dient were OECD, CIPAC, EEC, ASTM, SANCO and OPPTS test methods.
The Meeting concluded that Rotam iprodione TC was equivalent to the iprodione reference
TC based on Tier-1 evaluation and recommended the extension the existing FAO TC speci-
fication to the technical material produced by Rotam.
A data package with physical-chemical properties was provided in support of a claim for an
equivalent suspension concentrate (SC) containing 500 g/l of iprodione for comparison with
reference SC specification. Rotam's SC formulation complied with all specification clauses
including before and after cold temperature and accelerated storage where appropriate.
The Meeting also recommended an editorial update of formulation specifications including
the SC taking into account the revised CIPAC methods for pourability (MT 148.1 instead of
MT 148), suspensibility (MT 184.1 instead of MT 184) and persistent foam (MT 47.3 instead
of MT 47.2) to bring them in line with the current CIPAC methods and the latest version of
the FAO/WHO Manual on pesticide specifications and its amendments.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 18 of 45

SUPPORTING INFORMATION
FOR
EVALUATION REPORT 278/2018
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 19 of 45

Table 1. Chemical composition and properties of iprodione technical material (TC)

Manufacturing process, maximum limits for Confidential information supplied and held on file
impurities ≥ 1 g/kg, 5 batch analysis data by FAO. Mass balances were 99.63 – 99.84 %
and percentages of unknowns were 0.16 – 0.37%.
Declared minimum iprodione content 980 g/kg
Relevant impurities ≥ 1 g/kg and maximum None
limits for them
Relevant impurities < 1 g/kg and maximum None
limits for them
Stabilisers or other additives and maximum None
limits for them

Parameter Value and conditions Purity % Method reference Study number

Melting tempera- 133.1-133.9ºC 97.65% OECD 102 Study No: 0517
ture of the TC

FORMULATIONS AND CO-FORMULATED ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

The main formulation types available are SC, WG and WP. Iprodione may be co-formulated
with other fungicides like thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, fosetyl-aluminium. These for-
mulations are registered and sold in countries in Central American and Caribbean coun-
tries, Latin America, and North Africa.

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING

Rotam used the CIPAC method 278/TC/M/3 (HPLC-UV method with external standardiza-
tion) for the determination of the active ingredient content in iprodione TC. The determina-
tion of impurities was achieved using a HPLC-UV method. The method is validated with
respect to specificity, linearity of response, precision, accuracy and limit of quantification for
impurities according to the EU SANCO/3030/99 rev.4 guideline. A Karl Fischer titration
method (CIPAC method MT 30.1) is used for the determination of water.
Test methods for determination of physico-chemical properties of the technical active ingre-
dient were OECD, CIPAC, EU and OPPTS test methods.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
The physical properties, the methods for testing them, and the limits proposed for the SC
formulation comply with the requirement described in the existing FAO specifications for
iprodione SC (278/SC, 2006)
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 20 of 45

CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING

No special requirements for containers and packaging have been identified

EXPRESSION OF THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT

The the content of the active ingredient iprodione is expressed as iprodione.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 21 of 45

ANNEX 1

HAZARD SUMMARY PROVIDED BY THE PROPOSER

Note: Rotam provided written confirmation that the toxicological data included in the following sum-
mary were derived from iprodione having impurity profiles similar to those referred to in Table 1,
above
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 22 of 45

Table 5. Mutagenicity profile of iprodione technical material based on in vitro and in vivo tests

Species Test Purity % Guideline, duration, doses and condi- Result Study num-
Note 6 tions ber
Salmonella In vitro 97.65 OECD 471 (1997), OPPTS 870.5100, Non-mutagenic 08333
typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay EC B.13/14
(Ames Test) Technical Iprodione was tested in
concentrations ranging from 39.07 to
625 μg/plate in the absence and
presence of S-9 in the five strains of
Salmonella typhimurium.
Mus muscu- In vivo 97.65 OECD 474 (1997), OPPTS 870.5395, Non-mutagenic 08334
lus Micronucleus Assay EC B.12,
(Mouse), Dose: 2000 mg/kg b.w.
Swiss albino No mortality and apparent induction of
chromosomal or any other genetic
damage leading to micronuclei for-
mation in polychromatic erythrocytes
was observed in 2000 mg/kg b.w. at
different time points of sacrifice.

6
Note: Purity is the content of pure active ingredient in the technical material, expressed as a percentage.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 23 of 45

ANNEX 2
REFERENCES

(sorted by study number)

Study title. Study identification number. Report iden-

Study number Author(s) year tification number. GLP [if GLP]. Company conduct-
ing the study.

0537 Rachel 2009 ACTIVE INGREDIENT CONTENT DETERMINATION AND IM-

Joseph PURITY PROFILING OF FIVE DIFFERENT BATCHES OF
IPRODIONE TECHNICAL. Study No. 0537. GLP. Rotam Re-
search Laboratory (R.R.L.). Unpublished.
1191/2 Lilian Po- 2010 Iprodione TG - Determination of vapour pressure. Study No.
009– lakiewicz 1191/2009–2.0PV. Report Number: RL1191/2009–2.0PV-B GLP.
2.0PV TECAM Tecnologia Ambiental Ltda.. Unpublished.
0517 Rachel 2009 STUDY ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
Joseph IPRODIONE TECHNICAL. Study No. 0517. GLP. Rotam Re-
search Laboratory. Unpublished.
0595 Rachel 2010 DISSOCIATION CONSTANT IN WATER FOR IPRODIONE
Joseph TECHNICAL. Study No. 0595. GLP. Rotam Research Laboratory
(R.R.L.). Unpublished.
08327 2009 Acute Oral Toxicity Study with Iprodione Technical in Wistar
Rats. Study No. 08327. GLP. Unpublished.
08328 2009 Acute Dermal Toxicity Study with Iprodione Technical in Wistar
Rats. Study No. 08328. GLP. Unpublished.
08331 2009 Acute inhalation toxicity study with Iprodione Technical in Wistar
rats. Study No. 08331. GLP. Unpublished.
08329 2009 Acute Dermal irritation/corrosion of Iprodione Technical in New
Zealand White Rabbits. Study No. 08329. GLP. International
Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT). Unpublished.
08330 2009 Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion of Iprodione Technical in New Zea-
land White Rabbits. Study No. 08330. GLP. International Institute
of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT). Unpublished.
08332 2009 Skin Sensitization potential of Iprodione Technical in Guinea
Pigs. Study No. 08332. GLP. Unpublished.
08333 2009 Mutagenicity evaluation of Iprodione Technical by Ames Salmo-
nella typhimurium - Reverse Mutation Assay. Study No. 08333.
GLP. Unpublished.
08334 2009 Genotoxicity Evaluation of Iprodione Technical by In vivo mouse
micronucleus assay. Study No. 08334. GLP. International Insti-
tute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT). Unpublished.
PCD08 Linda Chen 2019 3,5-Dichloroaniline Content Determination In Five Batches Of
00 Damily Iprodione Technical. Report No. PCD0800. Non GLP. TEST FA-
Zhao CILITY: ACD (Analytical Chemistry Department), Jiangsu Rotam
Chemistry Co., Ltd. P.R.China, 215301. Unpublished. SUBMIT-
TED BY Rotam Agrochemical Co., Ltd.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 24 of 45

IPRODIONE

FAO/WHO EVALUATION REPORT 278/2004

Recommendations
The Meeting recommended that:

(i) the existing FAO specifications for iprodione TC, WP and SC should be with-
drawn;
(ii) the specifications for iprodione TC, WP, WG and SC proposed by Bayer Crop-
Science and BASF, as amended, should be adopted by FAO.

Appraisal

The Meeting considered data on iprodione, submitted by Bayer CropScience and BASF, for
review of existing (1999) FAO specifications for TC, WP and SC and a proposed new speci-
fication for WG.
Iprodione is a non-systemic fungicide, widely used in agriculture. It is not under patent.
Iprodione is a solid (m.p. 133ºC) of low vapour pressure (5 x 10-7 at Pa 250C), with log P
Kow of 3.0. It is slowly hydrolyzed at pH 5 and progressively more rapidly at higher pH val-
ues. It is degraded only slowly by photolysis. Its water solubility is not pH dependent and
iprodione has no acidic or basic properties.
Iprodione has been evaluated for toxicology and residues by the JMPR on a number of oc-
casions and has been reviewed by the US EPA and the EU. The Meeting asked the manu-
facturer to provide evidence to whether or not cataracts may be induced by iprodione (cer-
tain other dicarboximides present this hazard). The manufacturer stated (M-267118-01-1)
that iprodione does not induce cataracts and referred to 7 unpublished studies which ad-
dressed this issue (M-211475-01-1, M-211414-01-1, M-213190-01-2, M-213364-01-1, M-
160902-01-1, M-210816-01-1 and M-210652-01-1).
The Meeting was provided with confidential information on the manufacturing process and
the manufacturing specifications for all impurities ≥1 g/kg, which were supported by 5 batch
analyses. Mass balances were high, in the range 997 to 1001 g/kg. These data were con-
firmed as identical to those submitted in support of registration of iprodione in The Nether-
lands. Information was provided on the methods of analysis used for determination of all
impurities.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 25 of 45

The Meeting questioned whether one of the impurities, 3,5-dichloroaniline (which is also a
metabolite of iprodione), should be considered relevant for specifications purposes. Infor-
mation relating to the toxicity of 3,5-dichloroaniline (M-213979-01-1, 1997/1002678, Rashid
et al. 1987, Yoshimi 1988, Valentovic et al. 1997, Rankin et al. 1986 and Lo et al. 1990) was
provided by the manufacturer (M-267118-01-1) to WHO/PCS. After reviewing the data, the
PCS secretariat concluded (PCS 2005) that (i) 3,5-dichloroaniline does not show toxicity
that is qualitatively different from iprodione; (ii) the irritation characteristics of the impurity
are not reflected in iprodione TC; and (iii), in the improbable worst-case scenario of 3,5-
dichloroaniline occurring at 40 g/kg in iprodione TC (minimum purity 960 g/kg), it would not
contribute significantly to the acute toxicity of the TC. WHO/PCS therefore concluded that
3,5-dichloroaniline does not constitute a relevant impurity and the Meeting agreed. No other
impurities were considered to be relevant.
Analytical methods for the TC, WP and SC are full CIPAC methods. The manufacturer stat-
ed that, after grinding, the WG is effectively in the form of a WP and provided an in-house
validation study showing that the CIPAC method for WP was appropriate for analysis of the
WG. The Meeting accepted the evidence presented.
Test methods for physical properties of the formulations, referenced in the specifications,
are all full CIPAC methods.
The Meeting considered the proposed specifications for TC, WP, WG and SC.
TC. The Meeting welcomed the proposed lower limit for iprodione content of 960 g/kg,
which was higher than the 940 g/kg in the existing specification.
The Meeting questioned the requirement for a clause for “loss on drying”, which also ap-
peared in the existing specification (though with a new limit of 20 g/kg instead of 10 g/kg).
The manufacturer explained that the clause was primarily intended to control the water con-
tent (and hence to limit potential hydrolysis of active ingredient) but provided a faster and
cheaper method than direct measurement of water. The Meeting agreed to the proposed
clause.
WP. The Meeting noted that the proposed specification was broadly similar to the existing
specification, with some limits having been changed slightly. The manufacturer stated that
the clauses to restrict water content and pH are essential to maintain quality of the formula-
tion and avoid loss of active ingredient.
WG. The Meeting noted that the clauses in this proposed new specification were in accord-
ance with the WG guideline in the manual (FAO/WHO 2002) but questioned the limits (8.9-
9.9) given for pH range, because the hydrolysis half-life of iprodione is only 27 min at pH 9.
Although the water content of the WG is limited to 8 g/kg, it appeared possible that degrada-
tion could occur during storage or use (the corresponding limits proposed for WP and SC
were pH 4 to 6). The manufacturer provided a report (M-210100-01-1) to show that storage
stability of the WG is satisfactory. The pH of diluted WG suspensions (at concentrations
corresponding to normal use) decreased very rapidly after initial dispersion. Over a 3 h pe-
riod, the pH declined from 8.9 to 7 in CIPAC water A and from 8.0 to 7.8 in CIPAC water D.
During the following 3 days, the pH in CIPAC water A remained unchanged but there was a
small decrease to pH 7.4 in CIPAC water D. Over the 3-day period, the iprodione content
had declined by only 3% in both waters. Thus the initial pH of the dispersed WG is not in-
dicative of potential hydrolysis.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 26 of 45

The manufacturer stated that while it was known that formulation quality is maintained in the
proposed pH range, no information was available to show whether or not adverse effects
occur at higher or lower pH. In the absence of such information, the Meeting agreed that the
proposed clause and limits should be adopted on a precautionary basis.
SC. The Meeting accepted that the clause to restrict pH is essential to avoid loss of active
ingredient but questioned whether the rearrangement of iprodione (to an isomer with low
fungicidal activity), known to occur in alcoholic solution (Cooke et al. 1979), could occur in
the SC. The manufacturer indicated that compliance with the clause for stability at elevated
temperature showed that the rearrangement did not occur.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 27 of 45

SUPPORTING INFORMATION
FOR
EVALUATION REPORT 278/2004
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 28 of 45

Uses

Iprodione is non-systemic dicarboxamide fungicide, with both protectant and eradicant

properties. It is active against both spores and mycelium of a number of parasitic fungi. It
is used in as a selective contact fungicide to control diseases in a wide range of fruit,
vines, vegetable crops, cereals, oilseed rape, sunflower, ornamental plants and turf.

Identity of the active ingredient

ISO common name

Iprodione (E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, BSI, ANSI)

Synonyms

Glycophene (rejected common name proposal)

Chemical names

IUPAC 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxo-imidazolidine-1-
carboxamide

CA 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1- im-
idazolidinecarboxamide

Structural formula

Empirical formula

C13H13Cl2N3O3

Relative molecular mass

 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 29 of 45

330.2

CAS Registry number

36734-19-7

CIPAC number

278

Identity tests

HPLC retention time; IR spectrum

 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 30 of 45

Physico-chemical properties of iprodione

Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of pure iprodione

Parameter Value(s) and conditions Purity % Method Reference

Vapour pressure 5 x 10-7 Pa at 25°C 99.7 OECD104 M-189561-01-1
2 x 10-8 Pa at 35°C
4 x 10-5 Pa at 51°C
Melting point, Melting point: 133.4°C Boil- 99.7 OECD 102, ECA1 M-189622-01-1
boiling point ing point: undetermined OECD 103, ECA2
and/or tem- Decomposition point: 164.5°C OECD 103, ECA2
perature of
decomposition
Solubility in 12.2 mg/l at 20°C at pH 7 96.1 EPA series 63-8, M-209773-01-1
water No dissociation in water, so no EEC A6
other pH measurement
Solubility in or- acetone: 342 96.1 EPA 63-8, EEC A6 M-209773-01-1
ganic solvents hexane: 0.59
(g/l at 20°C) acetonitrile: 168
dichloromethane: 450
ethyl acetate: 225
toluene: 147
octanol: 10.0
Octanol/water log P KOW = 2.99 at pH 3 99.7 EPA series 63-11, M-209810-01-1
partition coef- log P KOW = 3.00 at pH 5 EEC A8
ficient (at log P KOW is independent of pH
25°C)
Hydrolysis Half-life = 130.7 d at pH 5 98.0 EPA series 161-1 M-189558-01-1
characteristics Half-life = 6.4 d at pH 7
Half-life = 27.2 min. at pH 9
At 20-25°C in the dark, iprodione
is stable at pH ≤ 5. It is increas-
ingly unstable at pH ≥ 6.
Photolysis In pH 5 buffer, the half live was 99.3 EPA series 161-2 M-189545-01-1
characteristics about 67 d of the equivalent of
summer sunlight in Florida. No
reaction products accounted for
>10%.
Dissociation Iprodione does not dissociate. - OECD 112 M-189579-01-1
characteristics Assessment
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 31 of 45

Table 2 Chemical composition and properties of technical iprodione (TC)

Manufacturing process, maximum limits for Confidential information supplied and held on file by
impurities ≥ 1 g/kg, 5 batch analysis data FAO. Mass balances were 99.6-100.1% and no
unknowns were reported
Declared minimum iprodione content 960 g/kg
Relevant impurities ≥ 1 g/kg and maximum None
limits for them
Relevant impurities < 1 g/kg and maximum None
limits for them:
Stabilisers or other additives and maximum None
limits for them:
Melting or boiling temperature range of the TC 128-130°C decomposition occurs at 153°C
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 32 of 45

Hazard summary

Iprodione has been evaluated by the FAO/WHO JMPR (JMPR 1977, 1980, 1992a,
1992b, 1994a, 1994b, 1995a, 1995b, 2001). The JMPR (JMPR 1995a, 1995b) allocated
an ADI of 0-0.06 mg/kg bw/d, based on an NOAEL of 6 mg/kg bw per day derived from
a 2-year study of carcinogenicity in rats and a safety factor of 100. It was also conclud-
ed that the intake of residues of Iprodione, resulting from its uses considered by the
JMPR, is unlikely to present a public health concern (JMPR 1995a, 1995b).
In the EU, it is listed in the Annex I of directive 91/414/EC (EU 2003). With respect to
wildlife, the EU concluded that use of iprodione is unlikely to pose a significant risk to
birds but that it should be classified as very toxic to aquatic organisms (Commission
Directive 2001/59/EC, 6 July 2001). The U.S. EPA considered that registered uses of
iprodione will not cause unreasonable risk to humans (EPA 1991). The WHO classifica-
tion of iprodione is U: unlikely to cause acute hazard in normal use (WHO 2002).

Formulations

The main formulation types are WP, WG and SC. These formulations are registered and
sold in about 90 countries, in all continents. Iprodione may be co-formulated with other
fungicides, such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, diniconazole or bromuconazole.

Methods of analysis and testing

The analytical method for determination of the active ingredient (including identity tests)
is a full CIPAC method. Iprodione is determined by reversed-phase HPLC, utilising in-
ternal standardization with propiophenone and UV detection at 220 nm. Although the
method was validated by CIPAC for analysis of WP and SC, not WG, grinding the WG
produces (for analytical purposes) material similar to WP and the CIPAC method for
WP may then be used to analyze the powdered material (M- 203801-02-1). Identifica-
tion is by HPLC retention time and IR spectrum.
Test methods for determination of physico-chemical properties of the pure and technical
active ingredient were EC, OECD and CIPAC while those for the formulations were CI-
PAC, as indicated in the specifications.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 33 of 45

Physical properties

The physical properties, the methods for testing them and the limits proposed for the
WP, SC and WG formulations, comply with the requirements of the FAO/WHO manual,
1st edition (FAO/WHO 2002).

Containers and packaging

No special requirements for containers and packaging have been identified.

Expression of the active ingredient

The active ingredient is expressed as iprodione (g/kg in WP and WG; g/kg or g/l in
SC).
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 34 of 45

ANNEX 1

HAZARD SUMMARY PROVIDED BY THE PROPOSER

Note: Bayer CropScience provided written confirmation that the toxicological and eco-
toxicological data included in the following summary were derived from iprodione having
impurity profiles similar to those referred to in Table 2, above.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 35 of 45

Table A. Toxicology profile of iprodione technical material, based on acute toxicity,

irritation and sensitization
Species Test Duration and con- Purity % Result Reference
ditions or guideline
adopted
Rat, Oral Gavage, guideline 97.9 LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw M-210407-01-
Sprague not stated. Observed 1
Dawley 14 d.
Dog, Oral Gavage, guideline Not known LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw M-210404-01-
beagle not stated. 1000 and 1
2000 mg/kg.
Observed 14 d.
Rabbit Dermal 24-h exposure. 95.8 LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw M-210415-01-
Observed 14 d 2
post-treatment,
guideline not
stated.
Rat, Inhalation 4-h whole body 96.0 LC50 >5.16 mg/l M-189593-01-
Sprague exposure, guide- 2
Dawley line not stated.
Rabbit, Skin 4-h exposure 96.2 Non irritating M-189547-01-
New irritation (abraded and intact 2
Zealand skin). Skin evaluat-
white ed at 72 h post-
treatment, guideline
not stated.
Rabbit, Eye Eyes evaluated at 1, 96.2 Non irritating* M-189546-01-
New irritation 24, 72 h and day 7, 1
Zealand guideline not stated.
white
Guinea Skin sen- 9 topical induction 95.8 Non sensitizer M-210418-01-
pig, sitizati on applications, 2 weeks 1
Hartley later a challenge
albino treatment, followed 1
week later by a 2nd
challenge treatment
(Buehler)
* Technical iprodione caused mild and transient eye irritation without eye washing, whereas it is not irritant to
the rabbit eye when instillation is followed by eye washing.
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 36 of 45

Table B. Toxicology profile of iprodione technical material, based on repeated ad-

ministration (sub-acute to chronic)

Species Test Duration Purity Result Reference

and con- %
ditions or
guideline
adopted
Rabbit, Dermal study 21-d, 96.2 NOEL = 1000 mg/kg bw/d. No criti- M-213195-01-1
New guideline cal effects
Zealand not stated.
White 0, 100, 500
(m,f) and
1000
mg/kg/day
Rat, Sub-chronic 90-d, 97.1 NOEL = 500 ppm or M-189655-01-1
Crl/CD dietary study guideline 33.3 mg/kg bw/d.
(m,f) not stated. No critical effects. Effects at 800 ppm:
0, 250, 500, decreased body weight gain and in-
800, creased incidence and severity of cor-
3000 ppm ticocellular vacuolation of the adrenals

Dog, 90-d dietary 90-d, 100 NOEL = 2400 ppm or 60-76 mg/kg M-247665-01-2
beagle study guideline bw/d.
(m,f) not stated. No critical effects. Effects at 7200 ppm:
0, 800, slight hepatomegaly and increase in
2400, and alkaline phosphatase activity
7200 ppm

Dog, 1-year die- 1st study: 0, 96.5 NOEL = 100 ppm or M-211475-01-1
beagle tary studies 100, 4.2 mg/kg bw/d.
(m,f) 600 and No critical effects. Effects at 600 ppm:
3,600 transient increase in Heinz bodies,
ppm, lower prostate weight, slight adrenals
guideline and kidney microscopic changes
not stated.
NOEL = 400 ppm or 18 mg/kg
bw/d.
2nd study: 96.1 No critical effects. Effects at 600 ppm M-211465-02-1
0, 200, (NOAEL): slight and occasional signifi-
300, 400 cant reduction in RBC, Hb and Ht
and 600
ppm.,
guideline
not stated
Rat, Oncogenicity, 0, 150, 300 Not NOEL = 150 ppm or M-189567-02-1
Sprague chronic tox- and stated 6.1 and 8.4 mg/kg/day (m & f respec-
Dawley icity study 1600 ppm, tively), mean =
∗
(m,f) guideline 7.25 mg/kg/day No critical effects
not stated
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 37 of 45

∗
Effects observed at 300 ppm: Increased liver weight, slight centrilobular hepatocyte enlargement, atrophy
or reduced activity of male accessory sexual glands, vacuolation of the ““zona reticularis “ (male) in ad-
renals and interstitial cell hyperplasia in testes. Effects observed at 1600 ppm: similar lesions plus gen-
eralized vacuolation of the “zona fasciculata” and “zona reticularis“ in adrenals (males) and significantly
increased testes weight related to increased incidence of interstitial cell tumours in testes with cell hy-
perplasia and atrophy of seminiferous tubules. Leydig cell tumours arose only at a high dose level
(≥MTD, 1600 ppm). A clear NOEL (150 ppm) and a clear threshold for oncogenic effects (300 ppm) were
determined. Iprodione was shown to act via a disruption of testosterone biosynthesis from interstitial
cells which in turn causes perturbation in the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. The overproduction of
LH results in the overstimulation of leydig cells and tumours may then further develop in sensitive spe-
cies, such as the rat, due to persistent hyperplasia. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated the exist-
ence of a clear threshold for these effects on testosterone and LH biosynthesis. Iprodione was shown to
be non genotoxic. Hence the tumours observed in Leydig cells of rats receiving high doses of iprodione
(10-fold higher than the NOEL of the 2-year rat carcinogenicity study) are considered to be of limited
concern.

Species Test Duration and Purity Result Reference

conditions or %
guideline adopted
Mouse, CD-1 Oncogenicity 0, 160, 800 and 97.5 NOEL = 160 ppm or M-211435-
(m,f) study 4000 ppm, guide- 23 and 27 mg/kg bw/d (m & f 04-1
line not stated respectively), mean value of 25
mg/kg/day.
∗∗
No critical effects
Rat, Spra- 2-generation Dietary admin- 96.2 NOEL = 300 ppm or 20 M-211460-
gue- Dawley reproduction istration, 0, mg/kg bw/d. 01-1
(m,f) 300, 1,000 and No critical effects observed. Ef-
3,000 ppm, fects at 1000 and 3000 ppm: de-
guideline not pression of body weight gain in F0
stated. and F1, lower food consumption
in F0 and F, lower number of live
pups/litter and lower pup weight,
poor health of pups

Rat, Developmental Gavage, 0, 40, 90 94.2 NOEL = 90 mg/kg bw/d. No M-214215-

Sprague- toxicity study and 200 mg/kg teratogenic effects 02-1
Dawley (f) bw/d, guideline not
stated
Rabbit, New Developmental Gavage 0, 20, 60 95 NOEL = 20 mg/kg bw/d No M-231159-
Zealand toxicity study and 200 mg/kg teratogenic effects 01-1
White (f) bw/d, guideline not
stated
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 38 of 45

Table C. Mutagenicity profile of iprodione technical material based on in vitro

and in vivo tests

Species Test Conditions Purity % Result Reference

Salmonella ty- Bacterial re- 10-5000 µg/plate with 95 to Negative M-214044-01-1,
phimurium, verse mutation activation, 1-250µg/plate 99.3 M-214045-01-1,
strains TA98, assay (Ames), without activation M-214052-01-2,
TA100, TA1535, in vitro
M-208976-01-1,
TA1537 and
TA1538. M-242402-01-2

∗∗
Centrilobular hypertrophy enlargement (female), vacuolation and hypertrophy of interstitial cells in testes,
hyperkeratosis of non-glandular stomach. Effects observed at 4000 ppm: increased liver weight, de-
creased uterus weight, increased incidence of benign and malignant liver cell tumors and slight in-
crease of luteomas in females ovaries, vacuolation and hypertrophy of interstitial cells in testes, hyper-
keratosis of non-glandular stomach, heamosiderosis in spleen, amyloidosis and cortical scarring in kid-
neys (female). Liver tumours arose only at a high dose level which were at or exceeded the MTD (4000
ppm). A clear NOEL (160 ppm) and threshold for oncogenic effects (800 ppm) were determined.
Iprodione was shown to act via a phenobarbital-like mechanism, which is widely considered to be non
relevant to humans. Iprodione was shown to be non genotoxic. Hence the tumours observed in the liv-
er of mice receiving high dose of iprodione (25- fold higher than the NOEL of the mice oncogenicity
study) are considered to be of limited concern.

Table C. Mutagenicity profile of iprodione technical material based on in vitro

and in vivo tests

Species Test Conditions Purity % Result Reference

E. coli, po/A+/- DNA repair 12.5-200 µg/plate, with 95.1 & Negative M-214044-01-1,
assay, in vitro and without S9 activation 99.3 M-214045-01-1
CHO/HGPRT Mammalian cell 5-100 µg/ml (without Not Negative M-214055-01-1
gene mutation activation), 100-1500 known
µg/ml with activation
Mouse (CD-1), Micronucleus 1 dose by gavage at 96.1 Negative M-189578-01-1
(m,f) formation assay, equivalent to 0-3000
in vivo mg/kg iprodione
Chinese hamster sister chromatid 5-100 µg/ml without Not Negative M-209011-01-1
ovary cells exchange, in activation, 5-400 µg/ml known
vitro with activation
Chinese hamster Chromosome 15-150 µg/ml without Not Negative M-214057-01-1
ovary cells aberrations in activation, 40-400 µg/ml known
CHO cells in with activation
vitro
Bacillus subtilis, Recombination 20.6, 61.9, 185.6, 556.7 96.8 Positive re- M-214041-01-1
19-strains assay, in vitro and 1670 µg/disc sponse at 20.6,
M45(rec-) and 61.9
H17(rec+) and 1670
strains µg/disc but not
at 185.6 and
556.7*
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 39 of 45

* These results were considered by the manufacturer to be of doubtful significance, due to several deficien-
cies in the testing method.

Table D. Ecotoxicology profile of iprodione technical material

Species Test Duration and conditions Purity % Result Reference
Daphnia Acute 48-h flow-through, observed at 96.2 EC50 = 0.25 mg/l M-189543-01-1 M-
magna toxicity 24 and 48 h. 211781-01-1
(water flea) 48-h static 97.3 EC50 = 0.66 mg/l
Lepomis Acute 96-h, flow-through, 20°C 96.2 LC50 = 3.7 mg/l M-189541-01-1
macrochirus toxicity
(bluegill
sunfish)
Oncorhynchus Acute 96-h, static, 12°C 96.2 LC50 = 4.1 mg/l M-211742-01-1
mykiss (rain- toxicity
bow trout)
Selenastrum Effect on FIFRA guidelines 122-2 and 96.2 EC50 = 1.9 mg/l M-189542-01-1
capricornutum growth 123-2, 120 h
(green algae)
Eisenia foet- Acute 14 d, artificial soil 96.1 LC50 >1000 M-189556-01-1
ida (earth- toxicity mg/kg soil (dry
worm) weight)
Apis mellifera Acute Topical application, observed 97.1 LD50 >200 M-189653-01-1
(honey bee) contact at 24 and 48h, 24°C µg/bee
toxicity
Apis mellifera Oral Dosed and observed for 24 97.1 LD50 >25 µg/bee M-189654-01-1
(honey bee) toxicity and 48 h, 24°C
(normal
feeding)

Table D. Ecotoxicology profile of iprodione technical material.

Species Test Duration and conditions Purity % Result Reference

Anas Acute Administered orally, as 2% Not LD50 >10400 M-210594-01-1
platyrhynchos oral cellulose gum (CMC) sus- known mg/kg bw
(Mallard duck) toxicity pension, or in gelatine cap-
sules, up to 10400 mg/kg bw

Colinus Acute Single dose administered in 96.2 LD50 >2000 M-211328-01-1

virginianus oral corn oil. Observed 14 d post- mg/kg bw
(Bobwhite toxicity treatment
quail)
Anas Dietary 8-day (5-day exposure, 3-day 96.2 LC50 >5620 ppm M-211322-01-1
platyrhynchos sub- observation), up to 5620 ppm
(Mallard duck) acute
toxicity
 FAO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
FOR IPRODIONE
Page 40 of 45

ANNEX 2: REFERENCES

Bayer CropScience Year and title of report, publication details

Doc. Nr. or other
Ref.
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dichloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline.
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EPA 1991 U.S. EPA, 1991. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Iprodione (Rovral).
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48-hour flow-through exposure.
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FOR IPRODIONE
Page 41 of 45

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port.
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report.
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FOR IPRODIONE
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M-211742-01-1 1990. Iprodione technical - Acute toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus

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