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Report Assignment MAT523

Linear algebra ii (Universiti Teknologi MARA)

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

KAMPUS SEREMBAN
CAWANGAN NEGERI SEMBILAN

FACULTY OF COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (FSKM)

CS248
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.) MANAGEMENT MATHEMATICS

MAT523
LINEAR ALGEBRA II

TITLE
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATHLETES AGE AND TOTAL MEDALS
ACHIEVED

NAME STUDENT ID GROUP

FARAH SYAHIDA BINTI FAUZI 2022905887 N4CS2483B1
SABIHAH MAISARAH BINTI SAHRUDIN 2022793913 N4CS2483B1
FARISAH NUR IRDINA BINTI MOHD BASRI 2022981587 N4CS2483B1
PREPARED FOR:
MADAM ROSHA BT MOHAMED

SUBMISSION DATE:
27th MAY 2022

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 1

2.1 LINEAR MODEL................................................................................................................... 3

2.2 QUADRATIC MODEL.......................................................................................................... 5

2.3 CUBIC MODEL..................................................................................................................... 7

3.0 GRAPH BEST FIT CURVED AGAINST IT OBSERVED DATA...................................... 9

Figure 3.1.1: Linear Graph............................................................................................... 9

Figure 3.2.1: Quadratic Graph......................................................................................... 10

Figure 3.3.1: Cubic Graph............................................................................................... 11

4.0 GRAPH THAT ERROR VECTOR AGAINST X VALUE.................................................. 12

Figure 4.1.1: Linear Graph............................................................................................... 12

Figure 4.2.1: Quadratic Graph.......................................................................................... 13

Figure 4.3.1: Cubic Graph................................................................................................ 14

5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION........................................................................................ 15

6.0 APPENDIX............................................................................................................................ 16

7.0 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 24

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The contemporary Olympic Games, sometimes known as the Olympics, are the most
important international athletic events involving summer and winter sports competitions.
Thousands of competitors compete in a range of activities. The Olympic Games are the world's
most prestigious sporting event, with over 200 countries competing. The Olympic Games are held
every four years, with the Summer and Winter Olympics alternated every two years within that
time.

Several adjustments to the Olympic Games have evolved from the evolution of the
Olympic Movement in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Winter Olympic Games for
snow and ice sports, the Paralympic Games for athletes with disabilities, the Youth Olympic
Games for athletes aged 14 to 18, the five Continental Games which are Pan American, African,
Asian, European, and also Pacific.

Public funding and overall marketing of the Games have become more prominent as the
media has grown significantly. 1916, 1940, and 1944 Olympics were cancelled due to World Wars
I and II and the 2020 Olympics were postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Athletes thrive in athletics or physical exercise, specifically when competing in organized

sports. And, if properly prepared, athletes can compete in international sporting events such as the
Olympic Games and the Southeast Asian Games. The number of medals won by a country's
athletes is frequently used to determine the winner of sporting events. The number of medals won
by competitors might change depending on their age.

We want to investigate if there is a predicted relationship between athletes age and total
medals achieved in 2012. The least squares method will be employed in this study. The least square
approach is a type of mathematical regression analysis that determines the best fit line for a set of
data, displaying the relationship between the data points visually. The athletes age will be plotted
on the horizontal axis, while the total medals achieved will be plotted on the vertical axis.

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The data table below contains the athlete ages and the total medals achieve with their country:

Country Athlete Ages Total Medals

United States 27 6
Australia 24 5
United States 17 5
United States 27 5
United States 22 5
China 20 4
Russia 17 4
United States 23 3
France 20 3
Australia 18 3
United States 27 3
Japan 22 3
United States 28 3
Netherlands 21 3
France 22 3
Australia 25 3
Australia 20 3
United States 25 3
Japan 21 3
United States 24 3

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2.1 LINEAR MODEL

y = a + bx

The matrix representation of the above system is

Its normal equation is

The least square solution

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2.2 QUADRATIC MODEL

y = a + bx + cx2

The matrix representation of the above system is

Its normal system

The least square solution is

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The best fit quadratic curve is y = 3.7085 - 0.0346x + 0.0015x2

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2.3 CUBIC MODEL

y = a + bx + cx2 + dx3

The matrix representation of the above system is

And its normal equation is

The least squares solution is

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The best fit cubic curve is y = 97.6499 - 12.4281x + 0.5378x2 - 0.0076x3

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3.0 Graph Best Fit Curve Against its observed data

Linear Model

Figure 3.1.1

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Quadratic Model

Figure 3.2.1

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Cubic Model

Figure 3.3.1

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4.0 Graph of the error vector against x values

Linear Model

Figure 4.1.1

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Quadratic Model

Figure 4.2.1

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Cubic Model

Figure 4.3.1

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5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

Based on the model above, the following error magnitudes in the approximation are obtained.

Types of Best Fit Curve Error magnitude

Linear 2.2338
Quadratic 2.1524
Cubic 1.9659

∴ The best fit curves in this case which will give the best approximation is the cubic model because
it has the minimum error in terms of its magnitude.

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6.0 APPENDIX

Linear Model

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17

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Quadratic Model

18

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19

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20

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Cubic Model

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22

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7.0 REFERENCES

1. Axis, W. (2012). Olympic Athletes Sample Data for Reports, Free Downloads and Links.
Wisdom Axis. Retrieved April 21, 2022, from
https://www.wisdomaxis.com/technology/software/data/for-reports/olympic-athletes-data-for-
reports.php

2. Cambridge Dictionary. (2022, May 11). Athlete. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/athlete

3. IOC. (n.d.). Olympic Games - Summer, Winter Olympics, YOG & Paralympics. Olympics.com.
https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games

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